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Park HJ, Park SH. Root Extract of Trichosanthes kirilowii Suppresses Metastatic Activity of EGFR TKI-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src-Mediated EMT. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1945-1957. [PMID: 37870977 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2272345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii (TK) have been used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanolic root extract of TK (ETK) can regulate the metastatic potency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant human lung cancer cells. The relative migration and invasion abilities of erlotinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/ER) and gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9/GR) cells were higher than those of parental PC9 cells. Mesenchymal markers were overexpressed, whereas epithelial markers were downregulated in resistant cells, suggesting that resistant cells acquired the EMT phenotype. ETK reduced migration and invasion of resistant cells. The expression levels of N-cadherin and Twist were downregulated, whereas Claudin-1 was upregulated by ETK, demonstrating that ETK suppresses EMT. As a molecular mechanism, Src was dephosphorylated by ETK. The anti-metastatic effect of ETK was reduced by transfecting PC9/ER cells with a constitutively active form of c-Src. Dasatinib downregulated N-cadherin, Twist, and vimentin, suggesting that Src regulates EMT in resistant cells. Notably, CuB played a key role in mediating the anti-metastatic activity of ETK. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ETK can attenuate the metastatic ability of EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer cells by inhibiting Src-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, South Korea
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2
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Srivastava K, Lines KE, Jach D, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. S100PBP is regulated by mutated KRAS and plays a tumour suppressor role in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:3422-3434. [PMID: 37794133 PMCID: PMC10638088 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that expression of S100PBP, an S100P binding partner, gradually decreases during progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). Here, we show that loss of S100PBP leads to oncogenic transformation of pancreatic cells; after deregulation of S100PBP expression, both in silico and in vitro analyses highlighted alterations of genes known to modulate cytoskeleton, cell motility and survival. Overexpression of S100P reduced S100PBP expression, while co-immunoprecipitation indicated the interaction of S100P with S100PBP-p53-ubiquitin protein complex, likely causing S100PBP degradation. The doxycycline-induced KrasG12D activation resulted in decreased S100PBP levels, while low-dose treatment with HDAC inhibitor MS-275 rescued its expression in both human and mouse PDAC cell lines. This indicates KrasG12D as an upstream epigenetic regulator of S100PBP. Finally, analysis of TCGA PanCancer Atlas PDAC datasets demonstrated poor prognosis in patients with high S100P and low S100PBP expression, suggesting that S100PBP is a novel tumour suppressor gene with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- In-Vitro Pharmacology, UCB Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 216 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 3WE, UK.
| | - K E Lines
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - D Jach
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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3
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Wang X, Kutschat AP, Aggrey-Fynn J, Hamdan FH, Graham RP, Wixom AQ, Souto Y, Ladigan-Badura S, Yonkus JA, Abdelrahman AM, Alva-Ruiz R, Gaedcke J, Ströbel P, Kosinsky RL, Wegwitz F, Hermann P, Truty MJ, Siveke JT, Hahn SA, Hessmann E, Johnsen SA, Najafova Z. Identification of a ΔNp63-Dependent Basal-Like A Subtype-Specific Transcribed Enhancer Program (B-STEP) in Aggressive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:881-891. [PMID: 37279184 PMCID: PMC10542885 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A major hurdle to the application of precision oncology in pancreatic cancer is the lack of molecular stratification approaches and targeted therapy for defined molecular subtypes. In this work, we sought to gain further insight and identify molecular and epigenetic signatures of the Basal-like A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) subgroup that can be applied to clinical samples for patient stratification and/or therapy monitoring. We generated and integrated global gene expression and epigenome mapping data from patient-derived xenograft models to identify subtype-specific enhancer regions that were validated in patient-derived samples. In addition, complementary nascent transcription and chromatin topology (HiChIP) analyses revealed a Basal-like A subtype-specific transcribed enhancer program in PDAC characterized by enhancer RNA (eRNA) production that is associated with more frequent chromatin interactions and subtype-specific gene activation. Importantly, we successfully confirmed the validity of eRNA detection as a possible histologic approach for PDAC patient stratification by performing RNA-ISH analyses for subtype-specific eRNAs on pathologic tissue samples. Thus, this study provides proof-of-concept that subtype-specific epigenetic changes relevant for PDAC progression can be detected at a single-cell level in complex, heterogeneous, primary tumor material. IMPLICATIONS Subtype-specific enhancer activity analysis via detection of eRNAs on a single-cell level in patient material can be used as a potential tool for treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana P. Kutschat
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joana Aggrey-Fynn
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Feda H. Hamdan
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Alexander Q. Wixom
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yara Souto
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer A. Yonkus
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amro M. Abdelrahman
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roberto Alva-Ruiz
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mark J. Truty
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Rapanotti MC, Cugini E, Campione E, Di Raimondo C, Costanza G, Rossi P, Ferlosio A, Bernardini S, Orlandi A, De Luca A, Bianchi L. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature in Circulating Melanoma Cells: Biological and Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11792. [PMID: 37511550 PMCID: PMC10380315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The most promising method for monitoring patients with minimal morbidity is the detection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs). We have shown that CD45-CD146+ABCB5+ CMCs identify a rare primitive stem/mesenchymal CMCs population associated with disease progression. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers cancer cells a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype promoting metastatization. Thus, we investigated the potential clinical value of the EMT gene signature of these primitive CMCs. A reliable quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) protocol was settled up using tumor cell lines RNA dilutions. Afterwards, immune-magnetically isolated CMCs from advanced melanoma patients, at onset and at the first checkpoint (following immune or targeted therapy), were tested for the level of EMT hallmarks and EMT transcription factor genes. Despite the small cohort of patients, we obtained promising results. Indeed, we observed a deep gene rewiring of the EMT investigated genes: in particular we found that the EMT gene signature of isolated CMCs correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. In conclusion, We established a reliable qRT-PCR protocol with high sensitivity and specificity to characterize the gene expression of isolated CMCs. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence demonstrating the impact of immune or targeted therapies on EMT hallmark gene expressions in CMCs from advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cugini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Di Raimondo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Surgery Division, Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Jeong JH, Park HJ, Chi GY, Choi YH, Park SH. An Ethanol Extract of Perilla frutescens Leaves Suppresses Adrenergic Agonist-Induced Metastatic Ability of Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Src-Mediated EMT. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083414. [PMID: 37110648 PMCID: PMC10141214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the adrenergic receptor signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanol extract of Perilla frutescens leaves (EPF) traditionally used to treat stress-related symptoms by moving Qi could regulate the adrenergic agonist-induced metastatic ability of cancer cells. Our results show that adrenergic agonists including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and isoproterenol (ISO) increased migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, such increases were completely abrogated by EPF treatment. E/NE induced downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug. Such effects were clearly reversed by pretreatment with EPF, suggesting that the antimetastatic activity of EPF could be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation. EPF suppressed E/NE-stimulated Src phosphorylation. Inhibition of Src kinase activity with dasatinib completely suppressed the E/NE-induced EMT process. Transfecting MDA-MB-231 cells with constitutively activated Src (SrcY527F) diminished the antimigration effect of EPF. Taken together, our results demonstrate that EPF can suppress the adrenergic agonist-promoted metastatic ability of cancer cells by inhibiting Src-mediated EMT. This study provides basic evidence supporting the probable use of EPF to prevent metastasis in cancer patients, especially those under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Yong Chi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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6
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Parikh AS, Yu VX, Flashner S, Okolo OB, Lu C, Henick BS, Momen-Heravi F, Puram SV, Teknos T, Pan Q, Nakagawa H. Patient-derived three-dimensional culture techniques model tumor heterogeneity in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 138:106330. [PMID: 36773387 PMCID: PMC10126876 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) outcomes remain stagnant, in part due to a poor understanding of HNSCC biology. The importance of tumor heterogeneity as an independent predictor of outcomes and treatment failure in HNSCC has recently come to light. With this understanding, 3D culture systems, including patient derived organoids (PDO) and organotypic culture (OTC), that capture this heterogeneity may allow for modeling and manipulation of critical subpopulations, such as p-EMT, as well as interactions between cancer cells and immune and stromal cells in the microenvironment. Here, we review work that has been done using PDO and OTC models of HNSCC, which demonstrates that these 3D culture models capture in vivo tumor heterogeneity and can be used to model tumor biology and treatment response in a way that faithfully recapitulates in vivo characteristics. As such, in vitro 3D culture models represent an important bridge between 2D monolayer culture and in vivo models such as patient derived xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag S Parikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victoria X Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ogoegbunam B Okolo
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian S Henick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia Unversity, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Theodoros Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Quintin Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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Liu M, Guo J, Jia R. Emerging roles of alternative RNA splicing in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019750. [PMID: 36505770 PMCID: PMC9732560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing (ARS) is an essential and tightly regulated cellular process of post-transcriptional regulation of pre-mRNA. It produces multiple isoforms and may encode proteins with different or even opposite functions. The dysregulated ARS of pre-mRNA contributes to the development of many cancer types, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC and an attractive therapeutic target. ARS is mainly regulated by splicing factors, whose expression is also often dysregulated in OSCC and involved in tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the expression and roles of splicing factors in OSCC, the alternative RNA splicing events associated with OSCC, and recent advances in therapeutic approaches that target ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jihua Guo, ; Rong Jia,
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Jihua Guo, ; Rong Jia,
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8
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Saygideger Y, Avci A, Bagir E, Saygıdeğer Demir B, Sezan A, Ekici M, Baydar O, Erkin ÖC. Slug and Vimentin downregulation at the metastatic site is associated with Skip-N2 metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:7. [PMID: 35201505 PMCID: PMC8783939 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer displays heterogeneity both in the tumor itself and in its metastatic regions. One interesting behavior of the tumor is known as Skip N2 metastasis, which N2 lymph nodes contain tumor cells while N1 are clean. In this study, mRNA levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes in skip N2 and normal N2 involvements of non-small cell lung cancer tissues were investigated to evaluate the possible molecular background that may contribute to the pathogenesis of Skip N2 metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three surgically resected and paraffin embedded lymph node samples of lung cancer patients were analyzed in this study, which 40 of them were Skip N2. N2 tissues were sampled from 50% tumor containing areas and total RNA was extracted. mRNA levels for 18S, E-cadherin, Vimentin, ZEB1 and SLUG were analyzed via qPCR and E-cadherin and vimentin protein levels via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Bioinformatic analysis were adopted using online datasets to evaluate significantly co-expressed genes with SLUG in lung cancer tissue samples. RESULTS Skip-N2 patients who had adenocarcinoma subtype had better survival rates. Comparative analysis of PCR results indicated that Skip N2 tumor tissues had increased E-Cadherin/Vimentin ratio and ZEB1 mRNA expression, and significantly decreased levels of SLUG. E-cadherin IHC staining were higher in Skip N2 and Vimentin were in Non-Skip N2. TP63 had a strong correlation with SLUG expression in the bioinformatics analyses. CONCLUSION The results indicate that, at molecular level, Skip N2 pathogenesis has different molecular background and regulation of SLUG expression may orchestrate the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Saygideger
- Department of Pulmonary, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Translational Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Alper Avci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Emine Bagir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Burcu Saygıdeğer Demir
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aycan Sezan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mucahit Ekici
- Department of Pulmonary, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Oya Baydar
- Department of Pulmonary, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özgür Cem Erkin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
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9
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Satpathy S, Krug K, Jean Beltran PM, Savage SR, Petralia F, Kumar-Sinha C, Dou Y, Reva B, Kane MH, Avanessian SC, Vasaikar SV, Krek A, Lei JT, Jaehnig EJ, Omelchenko T, Geffen Y, Bergstrom EJ, Stathias V, Christianson KE, Heiman DI, Cieslik MP, Cao S, Song X, Ji J, Liu W, Li K, Wen B, Li Y, Gümüş ZH, Selvan ME, Soundararajan R, Visal TH, Raso MG, Parra ER, Babur Ö, Vats P, Anand S, Schraink T, Cornwell M, Rodrigues FM, Zhu H, Mo CK, Zhang Y, da Veiga Leprevost F, Huang C, Chinnaiyan AM, Wyczalkowski MA, Omenn GS, Newton CJ, Schurer S, Ruggles KV, Fenyö D, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Mesri M, Rodriguez H, Mani SA, Udeshi ND, Getz G, Suh J, Li QK, Hostetter G, Paik PK, Dhanasekaran SM, Govindan R, Ding L, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Nesvizhskii AI, Wang P, Carr SA, Zhang B, Mani DR, Gillette MA. A proteogenomic portrait of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cell 2021; 184:4348-4371.e40. [PMID: 34358469 PMCID: PMC8475722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a leading cause of cancer death with few therapeutic options. We characterized the proteogenomic landscape of LSCC, providing a deeper exposition of LSCC biology with potential therapeutic implications. We identify NSD3 as an alternative driver in FGFR1-amplified tumors and low-p63 tumors overexpressing the therapeutic target survivin. SOX2 is considered undruggable, but our analyses provide rationale for exploring chromatin modifiers such as LSD1 and EZH2 to target SOX2-overexpressing tumors. Our data support complex regulation of metabolic pathways by crosstalk between post-translational modifications including ubiquitylation. Numerous immune-related proteogenomic observations suggest directions for further investigation. Proteogenomic dissection of CDKN2A mutations argue for more nuanced assessment of RB1 protein expression and phosphorylation before declaring CDK4/6 inhibition unsuccessful. Finally, triangulation between LSCC, LUAD, and HNSCC identified both unique and common therapeutic vulnerabilities. These observations and proteogenomics data resources may guide research into the biology and treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pierre M Jean Beltran
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan T Lei
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric J Jaehnig
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Erik J Bergstrom
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vasileios Stathias
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Karen E Christianson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Song Cao
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tanvi H Visal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria G Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Edwin Roger Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Computer Science Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tobias Schraink
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Houxiang Zhu
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Chen Huang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Stephan Schurer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Namrata D Udeshi
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Suh
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Paul K Paik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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10
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Bhat GR, Hyole RG, Li J. Head and neck cancer: Current challenges and future perspectives. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 152:67-102. [PMID: 34353444 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are a heterogeneous, aggressive and genetically complex collection of malignancies of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, paranasal sinuses and salivary glands, which are difficult to treat. About 90% of all head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Larynx and Oral cavity carcinomas are generally related with tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse (or both), but pharynx carcinomas are generally associated with infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV-16 subtype. Thus, usually HNSCC can be separated into HPV-negative and HPV-positive categories. Despite substantial efforts invested into therapeutic development of HNSCC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with HNSCC still remains dismal. The primary reason being late diagnosis, recurrent metastasis, relapse and resistance to therapies. Currently surgery and radiotherapy represent the baseline treatment options for most initial stage HNSCC patients, but these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. Moreover, the issue of resistance to both radiotherapy/chemotherapy and recurrent relapse are common in HNSCC. Elucidation of the genetic landscape, tumor microenvironment and aberrant signaling pathways have generated new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. Thus, the scientific research has therefore been focused on the understanding of HNSCC biology and immunobiology to identification of predictive/prognostic biomarkers, which will be key to develop more effective targeted therapies with less toxicity and high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gh Rasool Bhat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rosalie G Hyole
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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11
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Subbalakshmi AR, Sahoo S, Biswas K, Jolly MK. A Computational Systems Biology Approach Identifies SLUG as a Mediator of Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:689-702. [PMID: 33567424 DOI: 10.1159/000512520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity comprises reversible transitions among epithelial, hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) and mesenchymal phenotypes, and underlies various aspects of aggressive tumor progression such as metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. The process of cells attaining one or more hybrid E/M phenotypes is termed as partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either fully epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, identifying regulators of hybrid E/M phenotypes is essential to decipher the rheostats of phenotypic plasticity and consequent accelerators of metastasis. Here, using a computational systems biology approach, we demonstrate that SLUG (SNAIL2) - an EMT-inducing transcription factor - can inhibit cells from undergoing a complete EMT and thus stabilize them in hybrid E/M phenotype(s). It expands the parametric range enabling the existence of a hybrid E/M phenotype, thereby behaving as a phenotypic stability factor. Our simulations suggest that this specific property of SLUG emerges from the topology of the regulatory network it forms with other key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Clinical data suggest that SLUG associates with worse patient prognosis across multiple carcinomas. Together, our results indicate that SLUG can stabilize hybrid E/M phenotype(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalur R Subbalakshmi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kuheli Biswas
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
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12
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A Novel Model of Cancer Drug Resistance: Oncosomal Release of Cytotoxic and Antibody-Based Drugs. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030047. [PMID: 32150875 PMCID: PMC7150871 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or oncosomes, often carry oncogenic molecules derived from tumor cells. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that tumor cells can eject anti-cancer drugs such as chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs within EVs, a novel mechanism of drug resistance. The EV-releasing drug resistance phenotype is often coupled with cellular dedifferentiation and transformation in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the adoption of a cancer stem cell phenotype. The release of EVs is also involved in immunosuppression. Herein, we address different aspects by which EVs modulate the tumor microenvironment to become resistant to anticancer and antibody-based drugs, as well as the concept of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP).
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13
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Li J, Wang XH, Hu J, Shi M, Zhang L, Chen H. Combined treatment with N-acetylcysteine and gefitinib overcomes drug resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC cell line. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1495-1502. [PMID: 31891230 PMCID: PMC7013061 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the molecular substrate underlying EGFR‐TKI resistance and investigate the effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on reversing EGFR‐TKI resistance. In the current research, the effects of NAC in combination with gefitinib on reversing gefitinib resistance were examined using CCK‐8 assay, combination index (CI) method, matrigel invasion assay, wound‐healing assay, flow cytometry, western blot, and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). CCK8 assay showed that NAC plus gefitinib combination overcame EGFR‐TKI resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by lowering the value of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). CI calculations demonstrated a synergistic effect between the two drugs (CI < 1). Matrigel invasion assay and wound healing assay demonstrated a decrease in migration and invasion ability of PC‐9/GR cells after NAC and gefitinib treatment. Flow cytometry displayed enhanced apoptosis in the combination group. Western blot and qRT‐PCR revealed that increased E‐cadherin and decreased vimentin in the combination group. When PP2 was administered with gefitinib, the same effects were seen. Our findings suggest that NAC could restore the sensitivity of gefitinib‐resistant NSCLC cells to gefitinib via suppressing Src activation and reversing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Molecular Mechanisms of p63-Mediated Squamous Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143590. [PMID: 31340447 PMCID: PMC6678256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 gene is a member of the p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors and plays a critical role in development and homeostasis of squamous epithelium. p63 is transcribed as multiple isoforms; ΔNp63α, the predominant p63 isoform in stratified squamous epithelium, is localized to the basal cells and is overexpressed in squamous cell cancers of multiple organ sites, including skin, head and neck, and lung. Further, p63 is considered a stem cell marker, and within the epidermis, ΔNp63α directs lineage commitment. ΔNp63α has been implicated in numerous processes of skin biology that impact normal epidermal homeostasis and can contribute to squamous cancer pathogenesis by supporting proliferation and survival with roles in blocking terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, and influencing adhesion and migration. ΔNp63α overexpression may also influence the tissue microenvironment through remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculature, as well as by enhancing cytokine and chemokine secretion to recruit pro-inflammatory infiltrate. This review focuses on the role of ΔNp63α in normal epidermal biology and how dysregulation can contribute to cutaneous squamous cancer development, drawing from knowledge also gained by squamous cancers from other organ sites that share p63 overexpression as a defining feature.
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15
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NAV2 facilitates invasion of cutaneous melanoma cells by targeting SNAI2 through the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:399-410. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Lu P, White-Gilbertson S, Nganga R, Kester M, Voelkel-Johnson C. Expression of the SNAI2 transcriptional repressor is regulated by C 16-ceramide. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:922-930. [PMID: 30836822 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1579962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) is an enzyme that preferentially generates pro-apoptotic C16-ceramide in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. Reduced expression of CerS6 has been associated with apoptosis resistance and recent studies point to a role for CerS6 in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Because cells that undergo EMT are also more resistant to apoptosis, we hypothesized that reduced expression of CerS6 could induce changes that are associated with EMT. We found that shRNA-mediated knockdown of CerS6 increases expression of the EMT transcription factor SNAI2 but not SNAI1 or TWIST. Treatment with C6-ceramide nanoliposomes (CNL) resulted in a preferential increase in C16-ceramide and suppressed SNAI2 transcriptional activation and protein expression. The increase in C16-ceramide following CNL treatment was dependent on CerS activity and occurred even when CerS6 shRNA was expressed. shRNA against CerS5, which like CerS6 preferentially generates C16-ceramide, also decreased transcriptional activation of SNAI2, suggesting a role for C16-ceramide rather than a specific enzyme in the regulation of this transcription factor. While loss of CerS6 has been associated with apoptosis resistance, we found that cells lacking this protein are more susceptible to the effects CNL. In summary, our study identifies SNAI2 as a novel target whose expression can be influenced by C16-ceramide levels. The potential of CNL to suppress SNAI2 expression has important clinical implications, since elevated expression of this transcription factor has been associated with an aggressive phenotype or poor outcomes in several types of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- a Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,b Hollings Cancer Center , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Shai White-Gilbertson
- a Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,b Hollings Cancer Center , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Rose Nganga
- b Hollings Cancer Center , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Mark Kester
- d Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- a Department of Microbiology & Immunology , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA.,b Hollings Cancer Center , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
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