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Marotta V, Rocco D, Crocco A, Deiana MG, Martinelli R, Di Gennaro F, Valeriani M, Valvano L, Caleo A, Pezzullo L, Faggiano A, Vitale M, Monti S. Survival Predictors of Radioiodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated With Lenvatinib in Real Life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2541-2552. [PMID: 38501238 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lenvatinib is approved for the treatment of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC). The definition of predictive factors of survival is incomplete. OBJECTIVE To identify pre- and posttreatment survival predictors in a real-life cohort of RR-DTC treated with lenvatinib. DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. SETTING 3 Italian thyroid cancer referral centers. PARTICIPANTS 55 RR-DTC treated with lenvatinib. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Lenvatinib was the first-line kinase-inhibitor in 96.4% of subjects. Median follow-up was 48 months. Median PFS and OS were 26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.06-32.93] and 70 months (95% CI 36-111.99), respectively. Pretreatment setting: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was independently related to PFS [P < .001; hazard ratio (HR) 18.82; 95% CI 3.65-97.08: score 0-1 as reference] and OS (P = .001; HR 6.20; 95% CI 2.11-18.20; score 0-1 as reference); radioactive iodine (RAI) avidity was independently related to PFS (P = .047; HR 3.74; 95% CI 1.01-13.76; avid disease as reference). Patients with good ECOG status (0-1) and RAI-avid disease obtained objective response in 100% of cases and achieved a median PFS of 45 months without any death upon a median follow-up of 81 months. Posttreatment setting: the best radiological response independently predicted PFS (P = .001; HR 4.6; 95% CI 1.89-11.18; partial/complete response as reference) and OS (P = .013; HR 2.94; 95% CI 1.25-6.89; partial/complete response as reference). CONCLUSION RR-DTC with good performance status and RAI-avid disease obtains the highest clinical benefit from lenvatinib. After treatment initiation, objective response was the only independent survival predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Marotta
- UOC Clinica Endocrinologica e Diabetologica, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Rocco
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università di Salerno, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Crocco
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Deiana
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero Martinelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gennaro
- Struttura Complessa Medicina Nucleare e Terapia Radiometabolica-UOS Terapia Metabolica Sperimentale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariafelicia Valeriani
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luca Valvano
- UOC Chirurgia Generale, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessia Caleo
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luciano Pezzullo
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antongiulio Faggiano
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Vitale
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Università di Salerno, 84084, Salerno, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198, Rome, Italy
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Le Quang M, Trinquet A, Siegfried A, de Barros A, Bauchet L, Ng S, Jecko V, Chotard G, Ollivier M, Adam G, Bonneville F, Masliah-Planchon J, Nicaise Y, Decamps C, Rigau V, Uro-Coste E. FGFR1 wild-type rosette-forming glioneuronal tumours. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:26. [PMID: 39167187 PMCID: PMC11339136 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Le Quang
- Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aude Trinquet
- Pathology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Siegfried
- Pathology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Amaury de Barros
- Neurosurgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Sam Ng
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Jecko
- Neurosurgery Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Chotard
- Pathology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgan Ollivier
- Neuroimaging Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Adam
- Neuroimaging Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julien Masliah-Planchon
- Genetics Department & Oncopaediatry and Young Adults Department, Curie Institute, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Laboratory of Translational Research in Paediatric Oncology, SIREDO Paediatric Oncology Centre, Curie Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yvan Nicaise
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Rigau
- Pathology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Institute for Neuroscience (IGF), INSERM U1191, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- Pathology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM U1037, Toulouse Cancer Research Centre (CRCT), Toulouse, France.
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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3
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Sarkar R, Bolel P, Kapoor A, Eliseeva E, Dulcey AE, Templin JS, Wang AQ, Xu X, Southall N, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Neumann S, Marugan JJ, Gershengorn MC. An Orally Efficacious Thyrotropin Receptor Ligand Inhibits Growth and Metastatic Activity of Thyroid Cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:2306-2316. [PMID: 38421044 PMCID: PMC11318999 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid-stimulating hormone (or thyrotropin) receptor (TSHR) could be a selective target for small molecule ligands to treat thyroid cancer (TC). OBJECTIVE We report a novel, orally efficacious ligand for TSHR that exhibits proliferation inhibitory activity against human TC in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of metastasis in vivo. METHODS A35 (NCATS-SM4420; NCGC00241808) was selected from a sublibrary of >200 TSHR ligands. Cell proliferation assays including BrdU incorporation and WST-1, along with molecular docking studies were done. In vivo activity of A35 was assessed in TC cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models with immunocompromised (NSG) mice. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of tumor and lung tissues were observed for the extent of cell death and metastasis. RESULTS A35 was shown to stimulate cAMP production in some cell types by activating TSHR but not in TC cells, MDA-T32, and MDA-T85. A35 inhibited proliferation of MDA-T32 and MDA-T85 in vitro and in vivo, and pulmonary metastasis of MDA-T85F1 in mice. In vitro, A35 inhibition of proliferation was reduced by a selective TSHR antagonist. Inhibition of CDX tumor growth without decreases in mouse weights and liver function showed A35 to be efficacious without apparent toxicity. Lastly, A35 reduced levels of Ki67 in the tumors and metastatic markers in lung tissues. CONCLUSION We conclude that A35 is a TSHR-selective inhibitor of TC cell proliferation and metastasis, and suggest that A35 may be a promising lead drug candidate for the treatment of differentiated TC in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhitajit Sarkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Priyanka Bolel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kapoor
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Eliseeva
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jay S Templin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susanne Neumann
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marvin C Gershengorn
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Xu T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Song F, Huang P. Ophiopogonin D' inhibited tumour growth and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid cancer by modulating JUN/RGS4 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70014. [PMID: 39153211 PMCID: PMC11330285 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), an aggressive malignancy with virtually 100% disease-specific mortality, has long posed a formidable challenge in oncology due to its resistance to conventional treatments and the severe side effects associated with current regimens such as doxorubicin chemotherapy. Consequently, there was urgent need to identify novel candidate compounds that could provide innovative therapeutic strategies for ATC. Ophiopogonin D' (OPD'), a triterpenoid saponin extracted, yet its roles in ATC has not been reported. Our data demonstrated that OPD' potently inhibited proliferation and metastasis of ATC cells, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Remarkably, OPD' impeded growth and metastasis of ATC in vitro and in vivo, displaying an encouraging safety profile. Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 (RGS4) expression was significantly up-regulated in ATC compared to normal tissues, and this upregulation was suppressed by OPD' treatment. Mechanistically, we elucidated that the transcription factor JUN bound to the RGS4 promoter, driving its transactivation. However, OPD' interacted with JUN, attenuating its transcriptional activity and thereby disrupting RGS4 overexpression. In summary, our research revealed that OPD' bound with JUN, which in turn resulted in the suppression of transcriptional activation of RGS4, thereby eliciting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ATC cells. These findings could offer promise in the development of high-quality candidate compounds for treatment in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
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5
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Wang JR, Zafereo ME, Cabanillas ME, Wu CC, Xu L, Dai Y, Wang W, Lai SY, Henderson Y, Erasmus L, Williams MD, Joshu C, Ray D. The association between thyroid differentiation score and survival outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae532. [PMID: 39087944 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid differentiation score (TDS), calculated based on mRNA expression levels of 16 genes controlling thyroid metabolism and function, has been proposed as a measure to quantify differentiation in PTC. The objective of this study is to determine whether TDS is associated with survival outcomes across patient cohorts. METHODS Two independent cohorts of PTC patients were used: 1) the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid cancer study (N=372), 2) MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) cohort (N=111). The primary survival outcome of interest was progression-free interval (PFI). Association with overall survival (OS) was also explored. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. RESULTS In both cohorts, TDS was associated with tumor and nodal stage at diagnosis as well as tumor driver mutation status. High TDS was associated with longer PFI on univariable analyses across cohorts. After adjusting for overall stage, TDS remained significantly associated with PFI in the MDACC cohort only (aHR 0.67, 95%CI 0.52-0.85). In subgroup analyses stratified by tumor driver mutation status, higher TDS was most consistently associated with longer PFI in BRAFV600E-mutated tumors across cohorts after adjusting for overall stage (TCGA: aHR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.33-1.07; MDACC: aHR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82). For OS, increasing TDS was associated with longer OS in the overall MDACC cohort (aHR=0.78, 95% CI:0.63-0.96), where the median duration of follow-up was 12.9 years. CONCLUSION TDS quantifies the spectrum of differentiation status in PTC and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in PTC, mostly promisingly in BRAFV600E-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chia Chin Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yaoyi Dai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ying Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren Erasmus
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Corinne Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Saito Y, Kage H, Kobayashi K, Kamogashira T, Fukuoka O, Yamamura K, Yamashita S, Tanabe M, Oda K, Kondo K. Comprehensive genomic profiling from C-CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 101:170-179. [PMID: 38853441 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is considered a very aggressive carcinoma and has been difficult to treat with therapeutic strategies. This study examines the landscape of genomic alteration in ATC, including the BRAF V600E mutation, and its clinical implications. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MESUREMENT A retrospective observational study was conducted using collected at the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling data from 102 ATC cases. Additionally, AACR-GENIE data from 267 cases were analysed for validation. Statistical methods, including the conditional Kendall tau statistic and χ2 tests, were employed for survival analysis and gene mutation comparisons. RESULTS Among 102 ATCs, BRAF, RAS, and other driver mutations were found in 83 cases (81.2%). The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations was as high as 60%. Co-mutation analysis identified different genomic profiles in the BRAF, RAS, and wild-type groups. Despite the diverse molecular backgrounds, no significant differences in clinical variables and overall survival were observed. The analysis considering left-side amputation suggested that RAS mutations had a poorer prognosis. In the BRAF/RAS wild-type group, FGFR1 and NF1 were identified as driver mutations, with an accumulation of copy number variations and less TERT promoter mutations. This molecular subgrouping was also supported by the AACR-GENIE data. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive genomic analysis of ATC in Japan revealed distinct molecular subgroups, highlighting the importance of BRAF V600E mutations, particularly V600E, as potential therapeutic targets and suggest the relevance of tailor-made therapeutic strategies based on genomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuoka
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamura
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Division of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hou B, Shu M, Liu C, Du Y, Xu C, Jiang H, Hou J, Chen X, Wang L, Wu X. Unveiling the role of UPF3B in hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential therapeutic target. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:2646-2658. [PMID: 38889220 PMCID: PMC11309952 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins can regulate nucleotide metabolism and gene expression. UPF3B regulator of nonsense mediated mRNA decay (UPF3B) exhibits dysfunction in cancers. However, its role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still insufficiently understood. Here, we found that UPF3B was markedly upregulated in HCC samples and associated with adverse prognosis in patients. UPF3B dramatically promoted HCC growth both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, UPF3B was found to bind to PPP2R2C, a regulatory subunit of PP2A, boosting its mRNA degradation and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. E2F transcription factor 6 (E2F6) directly binds to the UPF3B promoter to facilitate its transcription. Together, the E2F6/UPF3B/PPP2R2C axis promotes HCC growth through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Hence, it could be a promising therapeutic target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Min Shu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Chenghao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Yunfeng Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Cuicui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Huijiao Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Jun Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Xueling Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Lianghai Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital/Shihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi University School of MedicineShiheziChina
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8
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Barsouk A, Elghawy O, Stone S, Singh A. Patient with mediastinal carcinoma of unknown primary with RET fusion achieves durable response with RET inhibition. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:653-657. [PMID: 38696710 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Selective RET inhibitors have shown promise in thyroid cancer (TC) and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring RET fusions on next-generation sequencing (NGS), although rarity of the rearrangement has led to limited data for certain tumor types, such as carcinoma of unknown primary. We present a 65-year-old female with no history of malignancy, smoking or radiation exposure, who was found to have an anterior mediastinum malignancy of unknown primary, with metastases to supraclavicular lymph nodes. Core biopsy of the mediastinum revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma, while a biopsy of the thyroid revealed atypia of indeterminate significance (Bethesda III). PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was positive (90%), and liquid NGS revealed mutations in TP53 and the TERT promoter (c.-124C>T), as well as a CCDC6-RET fusion. This genetic profile resembled an anaplastic TC vs. NSCLC primary, although thymic primary and poorly differentiated TC remained on the differential. The patient was initiated on selpercatinib, which was held after 3 weeks due to thrombocytopenia and hypertension. At a reduced dosage, patient developed transaminitis, and selpercatinib was switched to pralsetinib. Brain MRI showed a nonenhancing temporal lobe signal abnormality, which on biopsy proved to be glioblastoma (GBM) with TERT promoter c.-124C>T mutation and FGFR3-TACC3 fusion by NGS. Pralsetinib was held during adjuvant chemoradiation for the GBM, and again for 4 weeks due to pneumonitis that resolved with steroids, and pralsetinib was restarted at a reduced dose. The patient has since demonstrated a stable reduction of the mediastinal mass for >15 months with RET inhibition therapy, despite several treatment interruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barsouk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Elghawy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Stone
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
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Máximo V, Melo M, Sobrinho-Simões M, Soares P, Da Cruz Paula A. Genomic profiling of lymph node and distant metastases from papillary and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03968-0. [PMID: 39030377 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform a molecular profiling of the metastases from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTCs). METHODS We retrieved and analyzed the molecular and clinical features of 136 metastases from PTCs and 35 metastases from PDTCs subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, from cBioPortal. The clinicopathological data included the number and location of the metastases, and genomic data included mutations, translocations, copy number alterations and fraction of the genome altered (FGA). RESULTS Bone metastases from PTCs had a lower frequency of BRAF mutations than the lymph node metastases (LNMs) (43% vs 88%, p < 0.01), and a higher frequency of RBM10 and NRAS mutations than the LNMs (21% vs 3% for both, p < 0.05). The FGA of the bone metastases was higher than the FGA of the lung metastases (5.6% vs 1.3%, p < 0.05). The frequency of RET translocations was higher in the lung metastases from PTCs than the LNMs (15% vs 3%, p < 0.05). The LNMs from PTC patients harboring 4 or more distant metastases (DMs) had a higher frequency of TERT promoter mutations than the LNMs from patients harboring less than 4 DMs (96% vs 65%, p < 0.001). SDHA gene amplifications were enriched in the bone metastases from PDTCs and absent in the LNMs (38% vs 0%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Metastases from PTCs and PDTCs harbor clinically relevant alterations affecting distinct body locations, such as NRAS and RBM10 mutations, RET translocations and SDHA amplifications that may be explored therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Máximo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Zhang W, Wang H, Li W, Jia Q, Zhang R, Tan J, Wang S, Zhang R. Combined radiation and chemotherapy versus monotherapy for anaplastic thyroid cancer: A SEER retrospective analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34168. [PMID: 39071680 PMCID: PMC11283001 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of combined radiation and chemotherapy (combination therapy) versus monotherapy on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) has not yet been clear. Methods We identified 516 ATC patients during 2010-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and evaluated their survival outcome using the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Results The median overall survival (OS) among the entire cohort was 3 months (95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.42 months), and the 6- and 12-month OS rates were 29 % (95 % CI, 25.01%-32.88 %) and 13 % (95 % CI, 10.60%-16.58 %), respectively. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that ATC patients not receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy were unquestionably associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] 3.000, 95 % CI, 2.390-3.764) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 3.107, 95 % CI, 2.388-4.043), compared with those receiving combination therapy. However, combination therapy did not predict better prognosis compared with monotherapy (all P > 0.05). After PSM, the median OS and CSS were also not significantly improved in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.382; CSS, P = 0.420) or radiotherapy alone (OS, P = 0.065; CSS, P = 0.251). Conclusion Combination therapy, compared to monotherapy, does not have the expected improvement in survival beyond the benefits achievable with each single-modality treatment, necessitating further prospective research to tailor its treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruiguo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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11
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Krishnamoorthy GP, Glover AR, Untch BR, Sigcha-Coello N, Xu B, Vukel D, Liu Y, Tiedje V, Berman K, Tamarapu PP, Acuña-Ruiz A, Saqcena M, de Stanchina E, Boucai L, Ghossein RA, Knauf JA, Abdel-Wahab O, Bradley RK, Fagin JA. RBM10 loss induces aberrant splicing of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix mRNAs and promotes metastatic fitness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602730. [PMID: 39026820 PMCID: PMC11257529 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
RBM10 modulates transcriptome-wide cassette exon splicing. Loss-of-function RBM10 mutations are enriched in thyroid cancers with distant metastases. Analysis of transcriptomes and genes mis-spliced by RBM10 loss showed pro-migratory and RHO/RAC signaling signatures. RBM10 loss increases cell velocity. Cytoskeletal and ECM transcripts subject to exon-inclusion events included vinculin (VCL), tenascin C (TNC) and CD44. Knockdown of the VCL exon inclusion transcript in RBM10-null cells reduced cell velocity, whereas knockdown of TNC and CD44 exon-inclusion isoforms reduced invasiveness. RAC1-GTP levels were increased in RBM10-null cells. Mouse Hras G12V /Rbm1O KO thyrocytes develop metastases that are reversed by RBM10 or by combined knockdown of VCL, CD44 and TNC inclusion isoforms. Thus, RBM10 loss generates exon inclusions in transcripts regulating ECM-cytoskeletal interactions, leading to RAC1 activation and metastatic competency. Moreover, a CRISPR-Cas9 screen for synthetic lethality with RBM10 loss identified NFkB effectors as central to viability, providing a therapeutic target for these lethal thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnana P. Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony R. Glover
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian R. Untch
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nickole Sigcha-Coello
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dina Vukel
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera Tiedje
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Berman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prasanna P. Tamarapu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Acuña-Ruiz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Saqcena
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Boucai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald A. Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert K. Bradley
- Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James A. Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Behnagh AK, Eghbali M, Abdolmaleki F, Ghadikolaei OA, Asl PR, Afsharpad M, Cheraghi S, Honardoost M. An Overview on Prevalence and Detection Approaches of BRAF V600E Mutation in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:1496-1507. [PMID: 39086414 PMCID: PMC11287593 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i7.16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background BRAF V600E mutation is proved critical in the progression and invasion of thyroid cancer, and as a prognostic biomarker. As anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid cancer, this study was conducted to provide a view on prevalence of BRAF V600E as well as the best molecular diagnostic method in ATC patients. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed from their inception to Oct 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science (WoS). The data of the prevalence of ATC were extracted. Moreover, the diagnostic feature of the available diagnostic tools was extracted to measure the sensitivity and specificity. To pool the prevalence data, we used meta-proportion analysis and diagnostic meta-analysis was conducted to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the immunohistochemistry method in detecting BRAF V600E mutation among patients with ATC. Results Overall, 34 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The incidence of BRAF V600E was shown 33% in the 978 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC in detecting BRAF V600E were detected 78.9% (95%CI: 60.1-97.2), and 69.7% (95%CI: 41.2-98.1), respectively. Conclusion IHC had an acceptable prognostic profile for detecting BRAF V600E in ATC patients. The diagnosis of BRAF mutation is critical in clinical trials and may be helpful for choosing proper-targeted therapy strategies in ATC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Karimi Behnagh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eghbali
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Abdolmaleki
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omolbanin Asadi Ghadikolaei
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Rezazadeh Asl
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Afsharpad
- Cancer Control Research Center, Cancer Control Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Cheraghi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Honardoost
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Lukyanov SA, Titov SE, Kozorezova ES, Demenkov PS, Veryaskina YA, Korotovskii DV, Ilyina TE, Vorobyev SL, Zhivotov VA, Bondarev NS, Sleptsov IV, Sergiyko SV. Prediction of the Aggressive Clinical Course of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Molecular Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7090. [PMID: 39000197 PMCID: PMC11241318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular genetic events are among the numerous factors affecting the clinical course of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expression of miRNA, as well as different thyroid-related genes, correlate with the aggressive clinical course of PTC and unfavorable treatment outcomes, which opens up new avenues for using them in the personalization of the treatment strategy for patients with PTC. In the present work, our goal was to assess the applicability of molecular markers in the preoperative diagnosis of aggressive variants of papillary thyroid cancer. The molecular genetic profile (expression levels of 34 different markers and BRAF mutations) was studied for 108 cytology specimens collected by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in patients with PTC having different clinical manifestations. Statistically significant differences with adjustment for multiple comparisons (p < 0.0015) for clinically aggressive variants of PTC were obtained for four markers: miRNA-146b, miRNA-221, fibronectin 1 (FN1), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) genes. A weak statistical correlation (0.0015 < p < 0.05) was observed for miRNA-31, -375, -551b, -148b, -125b, mtDNA, CITED1, TPO, HMGA2, CLU, NIS, SERPINA1, TFF3, and TMPRSS4. The recurrence risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma can be preoperatively predicted using miRNA-221, FN1, and CDKN2A genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Lukyanov
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
| | - Sergei E Titov
- Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- PCR Laboratory, AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Kozorezova
- National Center of Clinical Morphological Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg 192283, Russia
| | - Pavel S Demenkov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yulia A Veryaskina
- Department of the Structure and Function of Chromosomes, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Denis V Korotovskii
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
| | - Tatyana E Ilyina
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
| | - Sergey L Vorobyev
- National Center of Clinical Morphological Diagnostics, Saint Petersburg 192283, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Zhivotov
- Department of Surgery, National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow 105203, Russia
| | - Nikita S Bondarev
- Department of Surgery, National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow 105203, Russia
| | - Ilya V Sleptsov
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergei V Sergiyko
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk 454092, Russia
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14
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Ferrari SM, Ragusa F, Elia G, Mazzi V, Balestri E, Botrini C, Rugani L, Patrizio A, Piaggi S, La Motta C, Ulisse S, Virili C, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Antineoplastic Effect of ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib in Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with STRN-ALK Fusion In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6734. [PMID: 38928438 PMCID: PMC11203609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest human cancers and represents <2% of thyroid carcinomas. A therapeutic target for ATC is represented by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, involved in tumor growth. Crizotinib is an oral small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the ALK, MET, and ROS1 kinases, approved in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Until now, the effect of crizotinib in "primary human ATC cells" (pATCs) with transforming striatin (STRN)-ALK fusion has not been reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to obtain pATCs with STRN-ALK in vitro and evaluate the in vitro antineoplastic action of crizotinib. Thyroid surgical samples were obtained from 12 ATC patients and 6 controls (who had undergone parathyroidectomy). A total of 10/12 pATC cultures were obtained, 2 of which with transforming STRN-ALK fusion (17%). Crizotinib inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in 3/10 pATC cultures (2 of which with/1 without STRN-ALK), particularly in those with STRN-ALK. Moreover, crizotinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of AF cells (a continuous cell line obtained from primary ATC cells). In conclusion, the antineoplastic activity of crizotinib has been shown in human pATCs (with STRN-ALK) in preclinical studies in vitro, opening the way to future clinical evaluation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Licia Rugani
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (P.F.)
| | | | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Endocrinology Section, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.R.); (G.E.); (V.M.); (E.B.); (C.B.); (L.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.P.); (P.F.)
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15
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Violetis O, Konstantakou P, Spyroglou A, Xydakis A, Kekis PB, Tseleni S, Kolomodi D, Konstadoulakis M, Mastorakos G, Theochari M, Aller J, Alexandraki KI. The Long Journey towards Personalized Targeted Therapy in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (PDTC): A Case Report and Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2024; 14:654. [PMID: 38929875 PMCID: PMC11205159 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) has an intermediate prognosis between indolent well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (TC) and anaplastic carcinoma. Herein, we present a case report with a PDTC component, along with a systematic review of the literature. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 45-year-old man diagnosed with a PDTC component, along with hobnail and tall-cell variant features positive for BRAFV600E mutation, after a total thyroidectomy and neck dissection. Radioactive iodine (RAI)-131 therapy was applied, but an early recurrence led to complementary surgeries. The anti-Tg rise, the presence of new lymph nodes, and the negative whole-bodyradioiodine scan were suggestive of a radioiodine-resistant tumor. Lenvatinib, sorafenib, dabrafenib/trametinib, cabozantinib and radiotherapy were all administered, controlling the tumor for a period of time before the patient ultimately died post-COVID infection. Systematic Review: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and WebofScience to identify studies reporting clinicopathological characteristics, molecular marker expression, and management of non-anaplastic TC with any proportion of PDTC in adult patients. Of the 2007 records retrieved, 82were included in our review (PROSPERO-ID545847). CONCLUSIONS Our case, together with the systematic review, imply that a combination of molecular-targetedtreatments may be safe and effective in patients with RAI-resistantBRAF-mutated advanced PDTC when surgery has failed to control tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Violetis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | - Panagiota Konstantakou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | - Ariadni Spyroglou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | - Antonios Xydakis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | | | - Sofia Tseleni
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Denise Kolomodi
- European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence, Ekpa-Laiko Center, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- IATROPOLIS Private Medical Center, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Konstadoulakis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | - George Mastorakos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
| | - Maria Theochari
- Department of Oncology, Ippokrateio Athens General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Javier Aller
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio Athens Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (A.S.)
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16
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Parsa AA, Gharib H. Thyroid Nodules: Past, Present, and Future. Endocr Pract 2024:S1530-891X(24)00558-5. [PMID: 38880348 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past millennia, the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules has essentially remained the same with thyroidectomy as the only reliable method to identify malignancy. However, in the last 30 years, technological advances have significantly improved diagnostic management of thyroid nodules. Advances in imaging have allowed development of a reliable risk- based stratification system to identify nodules at increased risk of malignancy. At the same time, sensitive imaging has caused collateral damage to the degree that we are now identifying and treating many small, low risk nodules with little to no clinical relevance. OBJECTIVE To review the history of thyroid nodule evaluation with emphasis on recent changes and future pathways. METHODS Literature review and discussion. RESULTS Thyroid ultrasound remains the best initial method to evaluate the thyroid gland for nodules. Different risk-of-malignancy protocols have been developed and introduced by different societies, reporting methods have been developed and improved each, with goals of improving the ability to recognize nodules requiring further intervention and minimizing excessive monitoring of those who do not. Once identified, cytological evaluation of nodules further enhances malignancy identification with molecular markers assisting in ruling out malignancies in indeterminate nodules preventing unneeded intervention. And all societies have urged avoidance of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of low-risk cancers of little to no clinical relevance. CONCLUSION In this review, we describe advancements in nodule evaluation and management, while emphasizing caution in overdiagnosing and overtreating low-risk lesions without clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Parsa
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.
| | - Hossein Gharib
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Li J, Ma Z, Ma D, Maimaiti Y, Jiang S, Wang X. Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first symptom of combined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and follicular carcinoma: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:87. [PMID: 38867258 PMCID: PMC11167834 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare pathological type of thyroid malignancy. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid(PSCCT) is now considered as a subtype of ATC, hereinafter referred to as ATC-SCC subtype. ATC-SCC subtype combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer cases reported. The ATC-SCC subtype is a highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis for patients after metastasis occurs, and current treatment of this type of tumor is tricky. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old female patient presented with a gradually growing swelling of right cervical region. Comprehensive auxiliary examinations and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ATC-SCC subtype with follicular thyroid carcinoma, and the metastasis squamous cell carcinoma of the right cervical lymph nodes originates from ATC-SCC subtype. The patient received chemoradiotherapy postoperative. However, the residual cervical lymph nodes metastasis with squamous cell carcinoma still infiltrated surrounding structures in the neck extensively after palliative resection. The patient died 7 months after surgery. CONCLUSION Our case highlights that cervical lymph node metastasis may be a significant factor in the poor prognosis of ATC-SCC subtype. This malignancy should be detected and treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Deshou Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.
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18
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Sekihara K, Himuro H, Toda S, Saito N, Hirayama R, Suganuma N, Sasada T, Hoshino D. Recent Trends and Potential of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1286. [PMID: 38927493 PMCID: PMC11201408 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy characterized by advanced disease at diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Despite multimodal therapeutic approaches that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, an optimal treatment strategy remains elusive. Current developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer promising avenues for improved outcomes, particularly for BRAF-mutant patients. However, challenges remain regarding overcoming drug resistance and developing effective treatments for BRAF-wild-type tumors. This comprehensive review examines the clinical and biological features of ATC, outlines the current standards of care, and discusses recent developments with a focus on the evolving role of radiotherapy. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach and highlights the urgent need for further research to better understand ATC pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. Collaborative efforts, including large-scale clinical trials, are essential for translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Sekihara
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Himuro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (H.H.); (T.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Soji Toda
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 2320024, Japan
| | - Nao Saito
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 2638555, Japan;
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (H.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
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19
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Wang Y, Li Q, Yang X, Guo H, Ren T, Zhang T, Ghadakpour P, Ren F. Exosome-Mediated Communication in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Prognosis and Therapeutic Targets. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10833-2. [PMID: 38839646 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (THCA) is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system. Exosomes have significant value in performing molecular treatments, evaluating the diagnosis and determining tumor prognosis. Thus, the identification of exosome-related genes could be valuable for the diagnosis and potential treatment of THCA. In this study, we examined a set of exosome-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (BIRC5, POSTN, TGFBR1, DUSP1, BID, and FGFR2) by taking the intersection between the DEGs of the TCGA-THCA and GeneCards datasets. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the exosome-related DEGs indicated that these genes were involved in certain biological functions and pathways. Protein‒protein interaction (PPI), mRNA‒miRNA, and mRNA-TF interaction networks were constructed using the 6 exosome-related DEGs as hub genes. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the 6 exosome-related DEGs and immune infiltration. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the CellMiner database were used to elucidate the relationship between the exosome-related DEGs and drug sensitivity. In addition, we verified that both POSTN and BID were upregulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and that their expression was correlated with cancer progression. The POSTN and BID protein expression levels were further examined in THCA cell lines. These findings provide insights into exosome-related clinical trials and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Molecular Morphology Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Liaoning, Fuxin Central Hospital, Fuxin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- Molecular Morphology Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Ren
- Emergency Medical Center, Liaoning, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Department of Computer and Information Technology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Fu Ren
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Wu G, Song Y, Yang S, Li H, Liu S, Gui L, Ni S. The role of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy therapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Endocrine 2024; 84:1013-1020. [PMID: 38146047 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Traditional treatment methods have not been effective. However, advancements in targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recent years have shed new light on the management of ATC. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment plan and prognostic factors of ATC. METHODS This study conducted a retrospective analysis of ATC patients who received treatment at our institution between 2000 and 2023 to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and factors influencing survival. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan‒Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS The 6-month and 1-year disease-specific OS rates were 49% and 29%, respectively. The presence of clinical symptoms and the timing of treatment significantly impacted patient prognosis (P < 0.05). Compared with surgery + radiotherapy/chemotherapy and only surgery, targeted therapy and targeted + immunotherapy represented an improved overall survival, The 6-month/1-year survival rates of which were 81%/61% and 91%/73% (P < 0.05), respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the symptoms at initial diagnosis, year of presentation, performance status and treatment plan were independent factors affecting the prognosis. The year of presentation (P = 0.048) and the treatment plan (P = 0.038) were significantly meaningful in predicting prognosis. CONCLUSION Targeted therapy and targeted+immune therapy can effectively prolong the survival period of ATC patients. Symptoms at initial diagnosis and treatment plan have a significant impact on the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China.
| | - Song Ni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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21
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Kalfert D, Ludvikova M, Pesta M, Hakala T, Dostalova L, Grundmannova H, Windrichova J, Houfkova K, Knizkova T, Ludvik J, Polivka J, Kholova I. BRAF mutation, selected miRNAs and genes expression in primary papillary thyroid carcinomas and local lymph node metastases. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155319. [PMID: 38696857 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in cancer-related genes are now known to be accompanied by epigenetic events in carcinogenesis by modification of the regulatory pathways and expression of genes involved in the pathobiology. Such cancer-related mutations, miRNAs and gene expression may be promising molecular markers of the most common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there are limited data on their relationships. The aim of this study was to analyse the interactions between BRAF mutations, selected microRNAs (miR-21, miR-34a, miR-146b, and miR-9) and the expression of selected genes (LGALS3, NKX2-1, TACSTD2, TPO) involved in the pathogenesis of PTC. The study cohort included 60 primary papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) that were classified as classical (PTC/C; n=50) and invasive follicular variant (PTC/F; n=10), and 40 paired lymph node metastases (LNM). BRAF mutation status in primary and recurrent/persistent papillary thyroid carcinomas was determined. The mutation results were compared both between primary and metastatic cancer tissue, and between BRAF mutation status and selected genes and miRNA expression in primary PTC. Furthermore, miRNAs and gene expression were compared between primary PTCs and non-neoplastic tissue, and local lymph node metastatic tumor, respectively. All studied markers showed several significant mutual interactions and contexts. In conclusion, to the best our knowledge, this is the first integrated study of BRAF mutational status, the expression levels of mRNAs of selected genes and miRNAs in primary PTC, and paired LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kalfert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ludvikova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pesta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Tommi Hakala
- The Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lucie Dostalova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Motol, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Grundmannova
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Windrichova
- Laboratory of Immunoanalysis, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Houfkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Knizkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen 32300, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Ludvik
- Department of Imaging Methods, University Hospital Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Kholova
- Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland and Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
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22
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Turner N, Hamidi S, Ouni R, Rico R, Henderson YC, Puche M, Alekseev S, Colunga-Minutti JG, Zafereo ME, Lai SY, Kim ST, Cabanillas ME, Nurieva R. Emerging therapeutic options for follicular-derived thyroid cancer in the era of immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369780. [PMID: 38868771 PMCID: PMC11167082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most follicular-derived thyroid cancers are well differentiated and have an overall excellent prognosis following treatment with surgery and radioiodine, management of advanced thyroid cancers, including iodine refractory disease and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated subtypes, is more challenging. Over the past decade, better understanding of the genetic drivers and immune milieu of advanced thyroid cancers has led to significant progress in the management of these patients. Numerous targeted kinase inhibitors are now approved by the U.S Food and Drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced, radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) as well as anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Immunotherapy has also been thoroughly studied and has shown promise in selected cases. In this review, we summarize the progress in the understanding of the genetic landscape and the cellular and molecular basis of radioiodine refractory-DTC and ATC, as well as discuss the current treatment options and future therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimah Turner
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Hamidi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rim Ouni
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rene Rico
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying C. Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Puche
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Engineering, Houston Christian University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sayan Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jocelynn G. Colunga-Minutti
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark E. Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stephen Y. Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sang T. Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Rodrigues JS, Chenlo M, Bravo SB, Perez-Romero S, Suarez-Fariña M, Sobrino T, Sanz-Pamplona R, González-Prieto R, Blanco Freire MN, Nogueiras R, López M, Fugazzola L, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Alvarez CV. dsRNAi-mediated silencing of PIAS2beta specifically kills anaplastic carcinomas by mitotic catastrophe. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3736. [PMID: 38744818 PMCID: PMC11094195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The E3 SUMO ligase PIAS2 is expressed at high levels in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinomas but at low levels in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC), an undifferentiated cancer with high mortality. We show here that depletion of the PIAS2 beta isoform with a transcribed double-stranded RNA-directed RNA interference (PIAS2b-dsRNAi) specifically inhibits growth of ATC cell lines and patient primary cultures in vitro and of orthotopic patient-derived xenografts (oPDX) in vivo. Critically, PIAS2b-dsRNAi does not affect growth of normal or non-anaplastic thyroid tumor cultures (differentiated carcinoma, benign lesions) or cell lines. PIAS2b-dsRNAi also has an anti-cancer effect on other anaplastic human cancers (pancreas, lung, and gastric). Mechanistically, PIAS2b is required for proper mitotic spindle and centrosome assembly, and it is a dosage-sensitive protein in ATC. PIAS2b depletion promotes mitotic catastrophe at prophase. High-throughput proteomics reveals the proteasome (PSMC5) and spindle cytoskeleton (TUBB3) to be direct targets of PIAS2b SUMOylation at mitotic initiation. These results identify PIAS2b-dsRNAi as a promising therapy for ATC and other aggressive anaplastic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Rodrigues
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Chenlo
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana B Bravo
- Department of Proteomics, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sihara Perez-Romero
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Suarez-Fariña
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomas Sobrino
- Department of NeuroAging Group - Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Institute for Health Research Aragon (IISA), ARAID Foundation, Aragon Government and CIBERESP, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC - Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Narciso Blanco Freire
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Molecular Metabolism, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS); Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Clara V Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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24
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Aydemirli MD, Morreau H. Multi-UniFocality (MUF), in contrast to multifocality, in thyroid lesions: Relation to lymphocytic thyroiditis. Pathol Int 2024; 74:274-284. [PMID: 38558427 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Whereas multifocality typically concerns papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) without specification of intrathyroidal metastatic or independent nature of tumor foci, the designation of the latter as Multi-UniFocal (MUF) may be relevant for select cases. A case series involving multifocal thyroid lesions with divergent histopathological morphology and/or molecular profile, with molecular evaluation of multiple individual tumor foci per patient based on a next-generation sequencing approach, was retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-five patient cases with multifocal thyroid lesions suggestive of MUF, with 2-6 (median 3) tumor foci per patient, were described. Tumor lesions comprised diverse histopathology, including PTC, (E)FVPTC, NIFTP, FA, FTC, and oncocytic. Morphologically similar and/or diverse tumor foci harbored different molecular alterations (suggestive of non-shared clonality); with(out) coexistent similar foci harboring identical molecular alterations; or (partly) shared molecular alterations. MUF was associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in almost half of the cases. The recognition of MUF may justify the independent clinical consideration per individual tumor focus; as separate lesions albeit within a multifocal context. The potential clinical relevance and prognostic value of MUF remain to be further established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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25
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Simões-Pereira J, Saramago A, Rodrigues R, Pojo M, Pires C, Horta M, López-Presa D, Rito M, Cabrera R, Ferreira TC, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Clinical and molecular characterisation of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer according to radioiodine therapy outcomes. Endocrine 2024; 84:625-634. [PMID: 38102497 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioiodine (RAI) therapy remains the gold-standard approach for distant metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The main objective of our work was to identify the clinical and molecular markers that may help to predict RAI avidity and RAI therapy response of metastatic lesions in a cohort of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 122 PTC patients submitted to RAI therapy due to distant metastatic disease. We also analysed, through next-generation sequencing, a custom panel of 78 genes and rearrangements, in a smaller cohort of 31 metastatic PTC, with complete follow-up, available RAI therapy data, and existing tumour sample at our centre. RESULTS The most frequent outcome after RAI therapy was progression of disease in 59.0% of cases (n = 71), with median estimate progression-free survival of 30 months. RAI avidity was associated with PTC subtype, age and stimulated thyroglobulin at first RAI therapy for metastatic disease. The most frequently altered genes in the cohort of 31 PTC patients' primary tumours were RAS isoforms (54.8%) and TERT promoter (TERTp) (51.6%). The presence of BRAF p.V600E or RET/PTC alterations was associated with lower avidity (p = 0.012). TERTp mutations were not associated with avidity (p = 1.000) but portended a tendency for a higher rate of progression (p = 0.063); similar results were obtained when RAS and TERTp mutations coexisted (p = 1.000 and p = 0.073, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Early identification of molecular markers in primary tumours may help to predict RAI therapy avidity, the response of metastatic lesions and to select the patients that may benefit the most from other systemic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Simões-Pereira
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Horta
- Serviço de Radiologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dolores López-Presa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, E.P.E., Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Rito
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa C Ferreira
- Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Kanzawa M, Kanda T, Fukuoka H, Shigemura K, Nakamura Y, Itoh T. Two Cases of Adrenal Cysts Lined by Thyroid Follicular Epithelium: Addressing Cellular Origin and Malignancy Concerns. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2024; 2:luae058. [PMID: 38623530 PMCID: PMC11017108 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium are rare, with only 14 reported cases of "ectopic thyroid tissue" to date. While the primary consideration for differential diagnosis is thyroid carcinoma metastasis, exclusion of metastases is determined based on the absence of a primary thyroid lesion, serological euthyroidism, lack of thyroglobulin elevation, and absence of epithelial atypia. Herein, we report 2 cases of adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Case 1 was a 60-year-old woman with a right adrenal cyst. Case 2 was a 51-year-old man with a left adrenal cyst. Over time, both cysts became larger, necessitating an adrenalectomy. Cystic epithelia were lined with thyroid follicular epithelium, exhibiting moderate atypia. Human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 and galectin-3 were focally positive; CK19 was positive in Case 1, and all 3 markers were positive in Case 2, previously reported as an immunophenotype of thyroid carcinoma. CD56 expression was positive in both cases. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed several low-frequency mutations; however, no major driver alterations for thyroid cancer were detected. Adrenal cysts can be lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Challenges arise in determining the malignant or benign nature of adrenal cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kanzawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kanda
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hidenori Fukuoka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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27
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Shirai YT, Hoshi N, Ward JM, Liu H, Cachau RE, Lee MP, Kimura S. Establishment and Characterization of Amitrole-Induced Mouse Thyroid Adenomatous Nodule-Derived Cell Lines. Thyroid 2024; 34:496-509. [PMID: 38149583 PMCID: PMC10998706 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer cell lines have been of great value for the study of thyroid cancer. However, the availability of benign thyroid adenoma cell lines is limited. Methods: Cell lines were established from thyroid adenomatous nodules that developed in mice treated with the goitrogen amitrole. Expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and thyroid markers of these established cell lines was determined, and the effect of lentivirus-transduced overexpression of NKX2-1, a master regulator of thyroid development, on the thyroid marker expression was examined. Signal transduction and cell proliferation were evaluated after treatment with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the selective IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor NVP-ADW742. Xenograft studies were performed to examine tumorigenicity of the cells in mice. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to comprehensively determine the genetic mutations in the established two cell lines. Results: Five mouse thyroid adenomatous nodules-derived cell lines named CAT (cells from amitrole-treated thyroids) were established. Among these, two cell lines, CAT458/458s (CAT458s: a subline of CAT458) and CAT459, were found to be positive for epithelial markers and negative for a mesenchymal marker. NKX2-1-positive CAT459 cells showed higher messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of some thyroid differentiation markers than NKX2-1-negative CAT458s cells, and NKX2-1 overexpression increased and/or induced their expression. IGF-I signaling was transduced in thyrotropin receptor (Tshr)-negative CAT458s and 459 cells, and NVP-ADW742 suppressed their proliferation. No tumors developed in mice after subcutaneous injection of CAT458s or 459 cells. The WGS analysis revealed the presence of missense mutations in the tumor suppressor genes such as Polk (encoding DNA polymerase kappa) and Tgfb1 (encoding transforming growth factor beta 1), while no mutations were found in the prominent thyroid cancer-related genes Braf, Trp53 (encoding p53), and Tert (encoding telomerase reverse transcriptase). Conclusions: Two mouse thyroid adenomatous nodule-derived cell lines with different thyroid differentiation marker expression were established. NKX2-1 induced partial differentiation of these cell lines. They lacked tumorigenicity and prominent gene mutations involved in thyroid cancer development, while missense mutations were found in some tumor suppressors as revealed by WGS. The CAT458s and 459 provide a new tool to further clarify the process of thyroid multistep carcinogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Taro Shirai
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nobuo Hoshi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raul E. Cachau
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maxwell P. Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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28
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Zeng PYF, Prokopec SD, Lai SY, Pinto N, Chan-Seng-Yue MA, Clifton-Bligh R, Williams MD, Howlett CJ, Plantinga P, Cecchini MJ, Lam AK, Siddiqui I, Wang J, Sun RX, Watson JD, Korah R, Carling T, Agrawal N, Cipriani N, Ball D, Nelkin B, Rooper LM, Bishop JA, Garnis C, Berean K, Nicolson NG, Weinberger P, Henderson YC, Lalansingh CM, Tian M, Yamaguchi TN, Livingstone J, Salcedo A, Patel K, Vizeacoumar F, Datti A, Xi L, Nikiforov YE, Smallridge R, Copland JA, Marlow LA, Hyrcza MD, Delbridge L, Sidhu S, Sywak M, Robinson B, Fung K, Ghasemi F, Kwan K, MacNeil SD, Mendez A, Palma DA, Khan MI, Shaikh M, Ruicci KM, Wehrli B, Winquist E, Yoo J, Mymryk JS, Rocco JW, Wheeler D, Scherer S, Giordano TJ, Barrett JW, Faquin WC, Gill AJ, Clayman G, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. The genomic and evolutionary landscapes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113826. [PMID: 38412093 PMCID: PMC11077417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is arguably the most lethal human malignancy. It often co-occurs with differentiated thyroid cancers, yet the molecular origins of its aggressivity are unknown. We sequenced tumor DNA from 329 regions of thyroid cancer, including 213 from patients with primary anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. We also whole genome sequenced 9 patients using multi-region sequencing of both differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer components. Using these data, we demonstrate thatanaplastic thyroid carcinomas have a higher burden of mutations than other thyroid cancers, with distinct mutational signatures and molecular subtypes. Further, different cancer driver genes are mutated in anaplastic and differentiated thyroid carcinomas, even those arising in a single patient. Finally, we unambiguously demonstrate that anaplastic thyroid carcinomas share a genomic origin with co-occurring differentiated carcinomas and emerge from a common malignant field through acquisition of characteristic clonal driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephenie D Prokopec
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Pinto
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Division of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Paul Plantinga
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Cecchini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ren X Sun
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John D Watson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reju Korah
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole Cipriani
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas Ball
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry Nelkin
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Rooper
- Division of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Weinberger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ying C Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mao Tian
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Livingstone
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Salcedo
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krupal Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alessandro Datti
- Network Biology Collaborative Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Liu Xi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Smallridge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Laura A Marlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Martin D Hyrcza
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh Delbridge
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Stan Sidhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Mark Sywak
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia
| | - Bruce Robinson
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Farhad Ghasemi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Kwan
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Adrian Mendez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mushfiq Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kara M Ruicci
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bret Wehrli
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Winquist
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steve Scherer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony J Gill
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NWS, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Clayman
- The Clayman Thyroid Surgery and Thyroid Cancer Center, The Thyroid Institute, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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29
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Hurst ZA, Liyanarachchi S, Brock P, He H, Nabhan F, Veloski C, Toland AE, Ringel MD, Jhiang SM. Presumed Pathogenic Germ Line and Somatic Variants in African American Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2024; 34:378-387. [PMID: 38062767 PMCID: PMC10951570 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: African American (AA) thyroid cancer patients have worse prognoses than European Americans (EA), which has been attributed to both health care disparities and possible genetic differences. We investigated the impact of both germ line and somatic variants on clinical outcome in a cohort of AA nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) patients who had received therapeutic intervention from cancer centers. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on DNA from available blood/normal tissues (N = 37) and paired tumor samples (N = 32) collected from 37 and 29 AA NMTC patients, respectively. Variants with Combined Annotation Depletion Dependent (CADD) score of ≥20 and VarSome Clinical classification of likely pathogenic or pathogenic were classified as presumed pathogenic germ line or somatic variants (PPGVs/PPSVs). PPGVs/PPSVs in cancer-related genes and PPGVs in cardiovascular risk genes were further investigated, and PPGVs/PPSVs associated with African (AFR) ancestry were identified. Results: Among 17 PPGVs identified in 16 cancer predisposition or known cancer-related genes, only WRN was previously known to associate with NMTC predisposition. Among PPSVs, BRAFV600E was most the prevalent and detected in 12 of the 29 (41%) tumors. Examining PPGVs/PPSVs among three patients who died from NMTC, one patient who died from papillary thyroid carcinoma/anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (PTC/ATC) led us to speculate that the PPGV ERCC4R799W may have increased the risk of PPSV TP53R273H acquisition. Among PPGVs identified in 18 cardiovascular risk genes, PPGVs in SC5NA, GYG1, CBS, CFTR, and SI are known to have causal and pathogenic implications in cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: In this cohort, most AA-NMTC patients exhibit favorable outcomes after therapeutic intervention given at cancer centers, suggesting that health care disparity is the major contributor for worse prognoses among AA-NMTC patients. Nevertheless, the clinical impact of PPGVs that might facilitate the acquisition of TP53 tumor mutations, and/or PPGVs that predispose individuals to adverse cardiovascular events, which could be exacerbated by therapy-induced cardiotoxicity, needs to be further explored. Integrated analysis of PPGV/PPSV profiles among NMTC patients with different stages of disease may help to identify NMTC patients who require close monitoring or proactive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Hurst
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pamela Brock
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fadi Nabhan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Colleen Veloski
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sissy M. Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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30
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Hoff AO, Chaves ALF, de Oliveira TB, Ramos HE, Penna GC, Dos Santos LV, Maia AL, Brito DO, Vizzotto FP. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma: what the nonspecialists needs to know. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230375. [PMID: 38427812 PMCID: PMC10948043 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large. We provide an overview of diagnostic and therapeutic principles in DTC, especially those that bear direct implication on day-to-day management of these patients by generalists. Patients with DTC may be broadly categorized as having localized, locally persistent/recurrent, or metastatic disease. Current recommendations for DTC include a three-tiered system that classifies patients with localized disease into low, intermediate, or high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. Risk stratification should be performed at baseline and repeated on an ongoing basis, depending on clinical evolution. One of the overarching goals in the management of DTC is the need to personalize treatment by tailoring its modality and intensity according to ongoing prognostic stratification, evolving knowledge about the disease, and patient characteristics and preference. In metastatic disease that is refractory to radioactive iodine, thyroid tumors are being reclassified into molecular subtypes that better reflect their biological properties and for which molecular alterations can be targeted with specific agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Hoff
- Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
| | | | | | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Departamento de Biorregulação, Instituto de Saúde e Ciências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Cancela Penna
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Lucas Vieira Dos Santos
- Unidade de Câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Yamazaki H, Kunisaki C, Sugimori M, Rino Y, Saito A. Genetic landscape of 482 thyroid carcinomas: analysis with the national datacenter for cancer genomic medicine in Japan. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03738-y. [PMID: 38407696 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Comprehensive genomic profiling is useful for patients with Thyroid carcinoma (TC) for whom standard treatment has become refractory. We analyzed the clinical and genomic characteristics of patients with TC using the Japanese nationwide Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) database. METHODS This retrospective observational study used the data obtained from the C-CAT database. Genomic information has been accumulated on representative gene mutations associated with TC. RESULTS Among the 482 patients, 212 (44%) were male and 270 (56%) were female. According to histological type, 259 (54%), 46 (10%), 16 (3%), 51 (11%), and 110 (23%) patients had papillary TC (PTC), follicular TC, medullary TC, poorly differentiated TC, and anaplastic TC (ATC), respectively. Among the genomic profiling tests, FoundationOne CDx (n = 388; 80%) was the most frequently performed. The frequencies of BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, and RET mutations were 259 (54%), 62 (13%), 13 (3%), 16 (3%), and 12 (2%), respectively. The BRAF V600E mutation (n = 257) was the predominant BRAF mutation. TERT promoter mutations, which are associated with tumor aggressiveness, were detected in 308 patients (64%). CONCLUSIONS PTC was the most common histologic type of TC for which genetic profiling was performed in Japan, followed by ATC. Since the most common targetable mutation is the BRAF mutation, practical application of BRAF-targeted therapy can be an important treatment option for Japanese patients with TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Yamazaki
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan.
| | - Chikara Kunisaki
- Division of Cancer Genome Medicine, Genomics Laboratory, and Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugimori
- Division of Cancer Genome Medicine, Genomics Laboratory, and Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Aya Saito
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Wang H, He M, Guo R. Current and future of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer based on bibliometrics and clinical trials. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:50. [PMID: 38403820 PMCID: PMC10894806 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a leading endocrine malignancy, with anaplastic and medullary subtypes posing treatment challenges. Existing therapies have limited efficacy, highlighting a need for innovative approaches. METHODS We analyzed 658 articles and 87 eligible clinical trials using bibliometric tools and database searches, including annual publication and citation trends, were executed using Web of Science, CiteSpace, and VOS Viewer. RESULTS Post-2018, there is a surge in thyroid cancer immunotherapy research, primarily from China and the University of Pisa. Of the 87 trials, 32 were Phase I and 55 were Phase II, mostly exploring combination therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION The study's dual approach verifies the swift advancement of thyroid cancer immunotherapy from diverse perspectives. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the preferred regimen for advanced MTC and ATC in late therapeutic lines. However, since ICB plays a pivotal role in ATC, current clinical trial data show that ATC patients account for more and the curative effect is more accurate. Anticipated future developments are inclined toward combination regimens integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Emerging approaches, such as bispecific antibodies, cytokine-based therapies, and adoptive cell therapies like CAR-T and TCR-T, are exhibiting considerable potential. Upcoming research is expected to concentrate on refining the tumor immune milieu and discovering novel biomarkers germane to immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Minghua He
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Str, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Liu S, Yan X, Yang Y, Xia Y, Zhang P. Knowledge mapping of anaplastic thyroid cancer treatments: a bibliometric analysis (2000-2023). Front Oncol 2024; 14:1330030. [PMID: 38420016 PMCID: PMC10899696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a relatively rare and extensively malignant kind of thyroid carcinoma. The poor prognosis and high mortality rate of ATC can be attributed to its invasive features and undifferentiated phenotype. At present, there is a lack of efficacious therapeutic options. In light of the elevated fatality rate, it is vital to possess a comprehensive comprehension of the scientific terrain pertaining to ATC. To gather the perspectives of different researchers about the topic of ATC treatment, we did a bibliometric network analysis, which offers a comprehensive view of the scholarly literature. Methodology A systematic search was conducted on the WoSCC database to identify publications pertaining to ATC treatment between the years 2000 and 2023. In this bibliometric investigation, the tools VOSviewers, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix" were employed to investigate the general attributes, developmental framework, and academic frontiers of the subject matter. Results 1223 publications in total, written by 6937 scholars from 53 areas and 1402 institutions and published in 358 scholarly journals, were analyzed. There has been a gradual increase in the quantity of publications pertaining to ATC treatment. The United States and China emerged as the most prominent nations. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Counseling Center are prominent research institutions in highly productive countries. The journal Thyroid holds a prominent position within its discipline, being widely recognized as both the most popular and highly co-cited publication. According to the available data, Maria Cabanillas has authored the highest number of published articles, while RC Smallridge has received the highest number of co-citations. It turned out that the prevailing keywords encompassed expression, therapy, apoptosis, survival, activation, proliferation, metastasis, and other related terms. Immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and prognostic factors are the emerging research hotspots and trends. Conclusions This paper presents a complete overview of research trends and advancements in the treatment of ATC using bibliometric analysis. The acquisition of information will offer vital insights for funding and potential creative strategies in researching the treatment of ATC, which indicates the research frontiers as well as prevalent directions in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingmin Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panshi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee SE, Park S, Yi S, Choi NR, Lim MA, Chang JW, Won HR, Kim JR, Ko HM, Chung EJ, Park YJ, Cho SW, Yu HW, Choi JY, Yeo MK, Yi B, Yi K, Lim J, Koh JY, Lee MJ, Heo JY, Yoon SJ, Kwon SW, Park JL, Chu IS, Kim JM, Kim SY, Shan Y, Liu L, Hong SA, Choi DW, Park JO, Ju YS, Shong M, Kim SK, Koo BS, Kang YE. Unraveling the role of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer by multi-omics analyses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1163. [PMID: 38331894 PMCID: PMC10853200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of the serine/glycine metabolic pathway (SGP) has recently been demonstrated in tumors; however, the pathological relevance of the SGP in thyroid cancer remains unexplored. Here, we perform metabolomic profiling of 17 tumor-normal pairs; bulk transcriptomics of 263 normal thyroid, 348 papillary, and 21 undifferentiated thyroid cancer samples; and single-cell transcriptomes from 15 cases, showing the impact of mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism in thyroid tumors. High expression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) is associated with low thyroid differentiation scores and poor clinical features. A subpopulation of tumor cells with high mitochondrial one-carbon pathway activity is observed in the single-cell dataset. SHMT2 inhibition significantly compromises mitochondrial respiration and decreases cell proliferation and tumor size in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of the mitochondrial one-carbon pathway in undifferentiated thyroid cancer and suggest that SHMT2 is a potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeol Park
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Lim
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Ryun Won
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Ryong Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Mi Ko
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Yu
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Yi
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijong Yi
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonoh Lim
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Koh
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyul Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Chu
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Deajeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujuan Shan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Sung-A Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Young Seok Ju
- GENOME INSIGHT TECHNOLOGY Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Pires C, Saramago A, Moura MM, Li J, Donato S, Marques IJ, Belo H, Machado AC, Cabrera R, Grünewald TGP, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of Germline FOXE1 and Somatic MAPK Pathway Gene Alterations in Patients with Malignant Struma Ovarii, Cleft Palate and Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1966. [PMID: 38396644 PMCID: PMC10888156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline variants in the FOXE1 transcription factor have been associated with thyroid ectopy, cleft palate (CP) and thyroid cancer (TC). Here, we aimed to clarify the role of FOXE1 in Portuguese families (F1 and F2) with members diagnosed with malignant struma ovarii (MSO), an ovarian teratoma with ectopic malignant thyroid tissue, papillary TC (PTC) and CP. Two rare germline heterozygous variants in the FOXE1 promoter were identified: F1) c.-522G>C, in the proband (MSO) and her mother (asymptomatic); F2) c.9C>T, in the proband (PTC), her sister and her mother (CP). Functional studies using rat normal thyroid (PCCL3) and human PTC (TPC-1) cells revealed that c.9C>T decreased FOXE1 promoter transcriptional activity in both cell models, while c.-522G>C led to opposing activities in the two models, when compared to the wild type. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR analyses of patients' thyroid tumours revealed lower FOXE1 expression compared to adjacent normal and hyperplastic thyroid tissues. The patient with MSO also harboured a novel germline AXIN1 variant, presenting a loss of heterozygosity in its benign and malignant teratoma tissues and observable β-catenin cytoplasmic accumulation. The sequencing of the F1 (MSO) and F2 (PTC) probands' tumours unveiled somatic BRAF and HRAS variants, respectively. Germline FOXE1 and AXIN1 variants might have a role in thyroid ectopy and cleft palate, which, together with MAPK pathway activation, may contribute to tumours' malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS)-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Margarida M. Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.L.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Donato
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Inês J. Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS)-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Belo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Ana C. Machado
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.L.); (T.G.P.G.)
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership between DKFZ and Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Branca M. Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.M.); (I.J.M.); (H.B.); (V.L.)
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Ahmadi S, Landa I. The prognostic power of gene mutations in thyroid cancer. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230297. [PMID: 38078934 PMCID: PMC10831542 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The introduction and generalization of next-generation sequencing techniques have significantly increased the identification of mutations in thyroid tumors from multiple patient cohorts. The understanding of the association between specific mutations and clinical outcomes is gradually leading to individualizing the care of patients with thyroid cancer. BRAFV600 is the most common mutation seen in thyroid cancer patients and unequivocally predicts malignancy, but when considered in isolation, it is not recommended to be used as an independent prognostic factor. Mutations in RAS are the second most common alterations in thyroid cancer but can be found in benign and malignant lesions. Rearrangements involving receptor tyrosine kinases, primarily RET, are found in a subset of thyroid tumors without mutations in either BRAF or RAS. The assessment of additional mutations is increasingly employed in thyroid cancer prognostication. The coexistence of BRAF with alterations in genes such as PIK3CA, TERT promoter, or TP53 is associated with less favorable outcomes. Similar studies have also shown that additional oncogenic mutations in RAS-mutant thyroid carcinoma, such as those affecting the EIF1AX gene, likely predict a more aggressive clinicopathologic behavior. Overall, emerging evidence suggests that the co-occurrence of specific alterations in defined genes with BRAF or RAS mutations can become prognostic tools and useful predictors of thyroid tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi
- Division of Endocrinology, Thyroid Section, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Division of Endocrinology, Thyroid Section, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cleere EF, Prunty S, O'Neill JP. Anaplastic thyroid cancer:Improved understanding of what remains a deadly disease. Surgeon 2024; 22:e48-e53. [PMID: 37866980 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare, undifferentiated form of thyroid cancer accounting for less that 2 % of thyroid cancers. Here we provide an overview of the contemporary understanding of ATC as well as discussing in detail any pertinent updates in the molecular understanding and treatment of this disease with reference to the 2021 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. METHODS A review of the literature regarding the understanding, management and prognosis of ATC was undertaken using both Pubmed and Cochrane databases along with local institutional experience. Studies published in the last 5 years were prioritised for inclusion. RESULTS Between 80 and 90 % of patients will have disease that has spread beyond the thyroid gland at presentation. Despite the use of aggressive, multimodal, conventional treatment strategies encompassing surgery and chemoradiotherapy, the median overall survival has remained between 3 and 6 months. Our understanding has evolved regarding the key oncogenic mutations involved in the development of ATC. These include BRAF, RAS, PI3K, PTEN, TP53 and TERT mutations. There is growing evidence that novel targeted therapies against these mutations may improve outcomes in this disease which has led to FDA approval of dabrafenib/trametinib combined BRAF/Mek inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of ATC remains dismal. Recent development and approval of targeted therapies offers hope of improved oncologic outcomes with further data eagerly awaited surrounding the impact of these targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin F Cleere
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sarah Prunty
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P O'Neill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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De Leo A, Ruscelli M, Maloberti T, Coluccelli S, Repaci A, de Biase D, Tallini G. Molecular pathology of endocrine gland tumors: genetic alterations and clinicopathologic relevance. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:289-319. [PMID: 38108848 PMCID: PMC10948534 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the endocrine glands are common. Knowledge of their molecular pathology has greatly advanced in the recent past. This review covers the main molecular alterations of tumors of the anterior pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla and paraganglia. All endocrine gland tumors enjoy a robust correlation between genotype and phenotype. High-throughput molecular analysis demonstrates that endocrine gland tumors can be grouped into molecular groups that are relevant from both pathologic and clinical point of views. In this review, genetic alterations have been discussed and tabulated with respect to their molecular pathogenetic role and clinicopathologic implications, addressing the use of molecular biomarkers for the purpose of diagnosis and prognosis and predicting response to molecular therapy. Hereditary conditions that play a key role in determining predisposition to many types of endocrine tumors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De Leo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Ruscelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Thais Maloberti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Coluccelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
- Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Landa I, Cabanillas ME. Genomic alterations in thyroid cancer: biological and clinical insights. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:93-110. [PMID: 38049644 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumours can arise from thyroid follicular cells if they acquire driver mutations that constitutively activate the MAPK signalling pathway. In addition, a limited set of additional mutations in key genes drive tumour progression towards more aggressive and less differentiated disease. Unprecedented insights into thyroid tumour biology have come from the breadth of thyroid tumour sequencing data from patients and the wide range of mutation-specific mechanisms identified in experimental models, in combination with the genomic simplicity of thyroid cancers. This knowledge is gradually being translated into refined strategies to stratify, manage and treat patients with thyroid cancer. This Review summarizes the biological underpinnings of the genetic alterations involved in thyroid cancer initiation and progression. We also provide a rationale for and discuss specific examples of how to implement genomic information to inform both recommended and investigational approaches to improve thyroid cancer prognosis, redifferentiation strategies and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Landa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Califano I, Smulever A, Jerkovich F, Pitoia F. Advances in the management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: transforming a life-threatening condition into a potentially treatable disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:123-147. [PMID: 37648897 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an infrequent thyroid tumor that usually occurs in elderly patients. There is often a history of previous differentiated thyroid cancer suggesting a biological progression. It is clinically characterized by a locally invasive cervical mass of rapid onset. Metastases are found at diagnosis in 50% of patients. Due to its adverse prognosis, a prompt diagnosis is crucial. In patients with unresectable or metastatic disease, multimodal therapy (chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy) has yielded poor outcomes with 12-month overall survival of less than 20%. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the oncogenic pathways of ATC, leading to the identification of BRAF V600E mutations as the driver oncogene in nearly 40% of cases. The combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (D) and MEK inhibitor trametinib (T) showed outstanding response rates in BRAF-mutated ATC and is now considered the standard of care in this setting. Recently, it was shown that neoadjuvant use of DT followed by surgery achieved 24-month overall survival rates of 80%. Although these approaches have changed the management of ATC, effective therapies are still needed for patients with BRAF wild-type ATC, and high-quality evidence is lacking for most aspects of this neoplasia. Additionally, in real-world settings, timely access to multidisciplinary care, molecular testing, and targeted therapies continues to be a challenge. Health policies are warranted to ensure specialized treatment for ATC.The expanding knowledge of ATC´s molecular biology, in addition to the ongoing clinical trials provides hope for the development of further therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Califano
- Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Oncología AH Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabella Smulever
- Endocrinology Division, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Jerkovich
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabian Pitoia
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Lee M, Morris LGT. Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation. Oncotarget 2024; 15:36-48. [PMID: 38275291 PMCID: PMC10812235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A subset of thyroid cancers present at advanced stage or with dedifferentiated histology and have limited response to standard therapy. Tumors harboring the BRAF V600E mutation may be treated with BRAF inhibitors; however, tumor response is often short lived due to multiple compensatory resistance mechanisms. One mode of resistance is the transition to an alternative cell state, which on rare occasions can correspond to tumor dedifferentiation. DNA sequencing and RNA expression profiling show that thyroid tumors that dedifferentiate after BRAF inhibition are enriched in known genetic alterations that mediate resistance to BRAF blockade, and may also drive tumor dedifferentiation, including mutations in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR (PIK3CA, MTOR), MAP/ERK (MET, NF2, NRAS, RASA1), SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (ARID2, PBRM1), and JAK/STAT pathways (JAK1). Given these findings, recent investigations have evaluated the efficacy of dual-target therapies; however, continued lack of long-term tumor control illustrates the complex and multifactorial nature of these compensatory mechanisms. Transition to an immune-suppressed state is another correlate of BRAF inhibitor resistance and tumor dedifferentiation, suggesting a possible role for concurrent targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Investigations into combined targeted and immunotherapy are ongoing, but early results with checkpoint inhibitors, viral therapies, and CAR T-cells suggest enhanced anti-tumor immune activity with these combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luc GT Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Baldini E, Cardarelli S, Campese AF, Lori E, Fallahi P, Virili C, Forte F, Pironi D, Di Matteo FM, Palumbo P, Costanzo ML, D’Andrea V, Centanni M, Sorrenti S, Antonelli A, Ulisse S. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effects of Harmine on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1121. [PMID: 38256193 PMCID: PMC10816100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely difficult disease to tackle, with an overall patient survival of only a few months. The currently used therapeutic drugs, such as kinase inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors, can prolong patient survival but fail to eradicate the tumor. In addition, the onset of drug resistance and adverse side-effects over time drastically reduce the chances of treatment. We recently showed that Twist1, a transcription factor involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), was strongly upregulated in ATC, and we wondered whether it might represent a therapeutic target in ATC patients. To investigate this hypothesis, the effects of harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid shown to induce degradation of the Twist1 protein and to possess antitumoral activity in different cancer types, were evaluated on two ATC-derived cell lines, BHT-101 and CAL-62. The results obtained demonstrated that, in both cell lines, harmine reduced the level of Twist1 protein and reverted the EMT, as suggested by the augmentation of E-cadherin and decrease in fibronectin expression. The drug also inhibited cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced the anchorage-independent growth of both ATC cell lines. Harmine was also capable of inducing apoptosis in BHT-101 cells, but not in CAL-62 ones. Finally, the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling, but not that of the MAPK, was drastically reduced in treated cells. Overall, these in vitro data suggest that harmine could represent a new therapeutic option for ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Flavio Forte
- Department of Urology, M.G. Vannini Hospital, 00177 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Di Matteo
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Piergaspare Palumbo
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Ludovica Costanzo
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (S.C.); (E.L.); (D.P.); (F.M.D.M.); (P.P.); (M.L.C.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
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Pan Z, Lu X, Xu T, Chen J, Bao L, Li Y, Gong Y, Che Y, Zou X, Tan Z, Huang P, Ge M. Epigenetic inhibition of CTCF by HN1 promotes dedifferentiation and stemness of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 580:216496. [PMID: 37993084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the deadliest cancers, whose important malignant feature is dedifferentiation. Chromatin remodeling is critical for tumorigenesis and progression, while its roles and regulator in facilitating dedifferentiation of ATC had been poorly understood. In our study, an emerging function of hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1) in promoting dedifferentiation of ATC cells was uncovered. HN1 expression was negatively correlated with the thyroid differentiation markers both at mRNA and protein level. Knockdown of HN1 in ATC cells effectively upregulated the thyroid differentiation markers and impeded the sphere formation capacity, accompanying with the loss of cancer stemness. In contrast, overexpression of HN1 drove the gain of stemness and the loss of thyroid differentiation markers. Nude mouse and zebrafish xenograft models showed that inhibition of HN1 in ATC cells effectively hindered tumor growth due to the loss of cancer stemness. Further study showed that HN1 was negatively correlated with CTCF in an independent thyroid-cancer cohort, and inhibition of HN1 enhanced the expression of CTCF in ATC cells. Overexpression of CTCF significantly reversed the dedifferentiation phenotypes of ATC cells, whereas simultaneously inhibiting HN1 and CTCF was unable to recover the level of thyroid differentiation markers. The combination of ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq analysis confirmed that CTCF regulated genes relating with thyroid gland development through influencing their chromatin accessibility. HN1 inhibited the acetylation of H3K27 at the promoter of CTCF by recruiting HDAC2, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional activation of CTCF. These findings demonstrated an essential role of HN1 in regulating the chromatin accessibility of thyroid differentiation genes during ATC dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Bao
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Qu S, Gong M, Deng Y, Xiang Y, Ye D. Research progress and application of single-cell sequencing in head and neck malignant tumors. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:18-27. [PMID: 37968342 PMCID: PMC10794142 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is a technology that separates thousands of cells from the organism and accurately analyzes the genetic material expressed in each cell using high-throughput sequencing technology. Unlike the traditional bulk sequencing approach, which can only provide the average value of a cell population and cannot obtain specific single-cell data, single-cell sequencing can identify the gene sequence and expression changes of a single cell, and reflects the differences between genetic material and protein between cells, and ultimately the role played by the tumor microenvironment. single-cell sequencing can further explore the pathogenesis of head and neck malignancies from the single-cell biological level and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of head and neck malignancies. This article will systematically introduce the latest progress and application of single-cell sequencing in malignant head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdan Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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Tan JSH, Tay TKY, Ong EHW, Fehlings M, Tan DSW, Sukma NB, Chen EX, Sng JH, Yip CSP, Lim KH, Lim DWT, Iyer NG, Hwang JSG, Chua MLK, Ang MK. Combinatorial Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Pembrolizumab in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:ETJ-23-0144. [PMID: 38181007 PMCID: PMC10895326 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive disease associated with poor outcomes and resistance to therapies. Our study aim was to evaluate the activity of a combinatorial regimen of sandwich sequencing of pembrolizumab immunotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT). Methods In this case series, patients with ATC received hypofractionated RT (QUAD-shot) and intravenous pembrolizumab 200mg every 3-4 weeks. Pembrolizumab was continued until disease progression or up till 24 months. Concurrent Lenvatinib treatment was allowed. Primary endpoint was best overall response (BOR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, we performed immune profiling of circulating T cells in a responder to investigate the immune response to our combinatorial treatment. Results At median follow-up of 32.6 months (IQR: 26.4-38.8), of a cohort of 5 patients, BOR was 80%; with 2 complete responses (CR) and 2 partial responses (PR). Patients who achieved CR remained disease-free at last follow-up. Median PFS was 7.6 months (IQR: 6.2-NR), and 1-year PFS and overall survival rate was 40% (95% CI: 13.7-100) for both. Treatment was well-tolerated, with mostly grade 1-2 adverse events. Immune profiling of one partial responder revealed an increase in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells post-QUAD-shot RT, which was further enhanced during the maintenance phase of pembrolizumab. Conclusions Herein, we reported a case series of 5 patients with ATC, with 2 long-term survivors who were treated with surgical debulking followed by QUAD-shot RT and pembrolizumab, possibly due to synergy of local and systemic treatments in activating anti-tumour immunogenic cytotoxicity. This regimen warrants further investigation in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Ser Huey Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | | | - Enya Hui Wen Ong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Shao-Weng Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jen-Hwei Sng
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Connie Siew Poh Yip
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | - Kok Hing Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | | | | | - Melvin Lee Kiang Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
| | - Mei-Kim Ang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Hospital Boulevard, Singapore
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Loberg MA, Tigue ML, Gallant JN, Wang H, Canberk S, Weiss VL. Evolving approaches in paediatric thyroid cytopathology: A review. Cytopathology 2024; 35:60-69. [PMID: 37759375 PMCID: PMC11027193 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The guidelines for the workup of thyroid nodules have been established in adult populations and secondarily applied to paediatric populations. In particular, The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is commonly applied to both adult and paediatric thyroid nodules. However, as paediatric nodules have distinct molecular drivers and behavioural trajectories, there is renewed interest in diagnostic and management strategies that are paediatric specific. Here, we review key differences between paediatric and adult thyroid cancer and recent literature evaluating the use of TBSRTC in paediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Loberg
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megan L Tigue
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Gallant
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sule Canberk
- i3S/ Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vivian L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Alhejaily AMG, Alhuzim O, Alwelaie Y. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: Pathogenesis, prognostic factors and genetic landscape (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:99. [PMID: 38022847 PMCID: PMC10666078 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive form of thyroid malignancy, presenting significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The rarity of this cancer and its aggressive nature make an accurate diagnosis difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and various imaging techniques. Treatment involves a personalized multimodal approach, including surgery, adjuvant therapies and risk stratification. Prognostic factors such as age, tumor characteristics and genetic alterations play a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. Despite advancements, gaps remain in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease and establishing standardized treatment guidelines. Further research, collaborative efforts and multicenter studies are necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy, develop targeted therapies and biomarkers, and enhance the long-term management. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of ATC, discussing its clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, prognostic factors and genetic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Mohsen G. Alhejaily
- Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alhuzim
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Alwelaie
- Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Matrone A, Citro F, Gambale C, Prete A, Minaldi E, Ciampi R, Ramone T, Materazzi G, Torregrossa L, Elisei R. BRAF K601E Mutation in Oncocytic Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6970. [PMID: 38002585 PMCID: PMC10672186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) being the most common subtype. BRAF and RAS oncogene were characterized as the most frequently altered genes in PTC, with a strong association between genotype and histotype. The most common mutation in BRAF gene is V600E and is prevalent in classic and aggressive variants of PTC, while BRAF K601E mutation is the most common among the other rare BRAF mutations. BRAF K601E mutated thyroid carcinomas are usually characterized by low aggressiveness, except for anecdotal cases of poorly differentiated TC. CASE PRESENTATION We described a case of oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid (OCA) with an aggressive clinical course, including widespread metastasis and resistance to radioiodine treatment. Molecular analysis revealed the exclusive presence of the BRAF K601E mutation in both primary tumor and metastatic lesions. Accordingly, a revision of the literature about aggressive TC cases carrying BRAF K601E mutation was performed. CONCLUSION Although rare, this case emphasizes the relevance of considering BRAF K601E mutation in advanced non-PTC thyroid carcinomas, since it can be considered an actionable mutation for target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Matrone
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Fabrizia Citro
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Carla Gambale
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Alessandro Prete
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Elisa Minaldi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Raffaele Ciampi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Teresa Ramone
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.C.); (C.G.); (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.); (T.R.); (R.E.)
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Feng Z, Zhao Q, Ding Y, Xu Y, Sun X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Miao J, Zhu J. Identification an innovative classification and nomogram for predicting the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma patients and providing therapeutic schedules. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14817-14831. [PMID: 37596371 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) represents a prevalent form of cancer globally, with its incidence demonstrating an upward trend in recent years. Accumulating evidence has indicated that programmed cell death (PCD) patterns exert a vital influence on tumor progression. Nevertheless, the association between PCD and the prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma remains to be elucidated. The current study endeavors to examine the link between PCD and the prognosis of thyroid cancer while concurrently developing a prognostic index based on PCD genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Programmed cell death patterns were employed to construct the model and define clusters. Gene expression profile genomics and clinical data pertaining to 568 patients with thyroid cancer were sourced from the TCGA database. In addition, single-cell transcriptome data GSE184362 were procured from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for subsequent analysis. RESULTS The study harnessed six machine learning algorithms to create a programmed cell death signature (PCDS). Ultimately, the model developed via SVM was chosen as the optimal model, boasting the highest C-index. Moreover, the application of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) led to the identification of two molecular subtypes of THCA, each characterized by distinct vital biological processes and drug sensitivities. The investigation revealed that PCDS is linked to chemokines, interleukins, interferons, and checkpoint genes, as well as pivotal components of the tumor microenvironment, as determined through a comprehensive analysis of bulk and single-cell transcriptomes. Patients with THCA and elevated PCDS values are more inclined to exhibit resistance to conventional chemotherapy regimens, yet may display heightened responsiveness to targeted therapeutic agents. Finally, we established a nomogram model based on multivariable cox and logistic regression analyses to predict the overall survival of THCA patients. CONCLUSION This research sheds new light on the role of programmed cell death (PCD) patterns in THCA. By conducting an in-depth analysis of various cell death patterns, a novel PCD model has been devised, capable of accurately predicting the clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity of patients with THCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Juan Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 223600, China.
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Abstract
Background: Very little was known about the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer until the late 1980s. As part of the Centennial celebration of the American Thyroid Association, we review the historical discoveries that contributed to our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of thyroid cancer. Summary: The pace of discovery was heavily dependent on scientific breakthroughs in nucleic acid sequencing technology, cancer biology, thyroid development, thyroid cell signaling, and growth regulation. Accordingly, we attempt to link the primary observations on thyroid cancer molecular genetics with the methodological and scientific advances that made them possible. Conclusions: The major genetic drivers of the common forms of thyroid cancer are now quite well established and contribute to a significant extent to how we diagnose and treat the disease. However, many challenges remain. Future work will need to unravel the complexity of thyroid cancer ecosystems, which is likely to be a major determinant of their biological behavior and on how they respond to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Fagin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuri E. Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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