1
|
Niu H, Cao H, Liu X, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Long J, Li F, Sun C, Zuo P. The Significance of the Redox Gene in the Prognosis and Therapeutic Response of Glioma. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:259-270. [PMID: 38318849 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult central nervous system tumor. Due to its high heterogeneity, the survival rate and prognosis of patients are poor. Thousands of people die of this disease every year all over the world. At present, the treatment of GBM is mainly through surgical resection and the combination of later drugs, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. An abnormal redox system is involved in the malignant progression and treatment tolerance of glioma, which is the main reason for poor survival and prognosis. The construction of a GBM redox-related prognostic model may be helpful in improving the redox immunotherapy and prognosis of GBM. METHODS Based on glioma transcriptome data and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, databases, a risk model of redox genes was constructed by univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. The good prediction performance of the model was verified by the internal validation set of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the external data of Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas. RESULTS The results confirmed that the higher the risk score, the worse the survival of patients. Age and isocitrate dehydrogenase status were significantly correlated with risk scores. The analysis of immune infiltration and immunotherapy found that there were significant differences in the immune score, matrix score, and ESTIMATE score between high and low-risk groups. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining of glioma samples confirmed the expression of the hub gene. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the 5 oxidative-related genes nitricoxidesynthase3 , NCF2 , VASN , FKBP1B , and TXNDC2 are hub genes, which may provide a reliable prognostic tool for glioma clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University/Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming
| | | | | | - Jinyong Long
- Department of Surgery, Jinping County People's Hospital, Jinping
| | - Fuhua Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinping County People's Hospital, Jinping
| | - Chaoyan Sun
- Department of Emergency, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tamas C, Tamas F, Kovecsi A, Cehan A, Balasa A. Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5482. [PMID: 38791520 PMCID: PMC11122426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of glucose and lipids plays a crucial role in the normal homeostasis of the body. Although glucose is the main energy substrate, in its absence, lipid metabolism becomes the primary source of energy. The main means of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix through β-oxidation. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor (45.6%), with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000. The metabolic changes found in GBM cells and in the surrounding microenvironment are associated with proliferation, migration, and resistance to treatment. Tumor cells show a remodeling of metabolism with the use of glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known as the Warburg effect. Specialized fatty acids (FAs) transporters such as FAT, FABP, or FATP from the tumor microenvironment are overexpressed in GBM and contribute to the absorption and storage of an increased amount of lipids that will provide sufficient energy used for tumor growth and invasion. This review provides an overview of the key enzymes, transporters, and main regulatory pathways of FAs and ketone bodies (KBs) in normal versus GBM cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Kovecsi
- Department of Morphopathology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Morphopathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Cehan
- Department of Plastic, Esthetics and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang DH, Fujita Y, Dono A, Rodriguez Armendariz AG, Shah M, Putluri N, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Patel CB, Zhu JJ, Huse JT, Parker Kerrigan BC, Lang FF, Esquenazi Y, Ballester LY. The genomic alterations in glioblastoma influence the levels of CSF metabolites. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38243318 PMCID: PMC10799404 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is underutilized in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), partly due to a lack of studies demonstrating the clinical utility of CSF biomarkers. While some studies show the utility of CSF cell-free DNA analysis, studies analyzing CSF metabolites in patients with glioblastoma are limited. Diffuse gliomas have altered cellular metabolism. For example, mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes (e.g., IDH1 and IDH2) are common in diffuse gliomas and lead to increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate in CSF. However, there is a poor understanding of changes CSF metabolites in GBM patients. In this study, we performed targeted metabolomic analysis of CSF from n = 31 patients with GBM and n = 13 individuals with non-neoplastic conditions (controls), by mass spectrometry. Hierarchical clustering and sparse partial least square-discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) revealed differences in CSF metabolites between GBM and control CSF, including metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation and the gut microbiome (i.e., carnitine, 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, shikimate, aminobutanal, uridine, N-acetylputrescine, and farnesyl diphosphate). In addition, we identified differences in CSF metabolites in GBM patients based on the presence/absence of TP53 or PTEN mutations, consistent with the idea that different mutations have different effects on tumor metabolism. In summary, our results increase the understanding of CSF metabolites in patients with diffuse gliomas and highlight several metabolites that could be informative biomarkers in patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Suite 910, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yoko Fujita
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antonio Dono
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ana G Rodriguez Armendariz
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Sertoma, Monterrey, N.L, 64710, Mexico
| | - Mauli Shah
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Suite 910, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pavel S Pichardo-Rojas
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chirag B Patel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1002, BSRB S5.8116b, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Suite 910, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brittany C Parker Kerrigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Room FC7.2000, Unit 442, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Room FC7.2000, Unit 442, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St., Suite 600, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 W. Holcombe Blvd., Suite 910, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Neuropathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 85, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ohara Y, Tang W, Liu H, Yang S, Dorsey TH, Cawley H, Moreno P, Chari R, Guest MR, Azizian A, Gaedcke J, Ghadimi M, Hanna N, Ambs S, Hussain SP. SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype and enhances disease progression in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113434. [PMID: 37980563 PMCID: PMC10842852 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits distinct molecular subtypes: classical/progenitor and basal-like/squamous. Our study aimed to identify genes contributing to the development of the basal-like/squamous subtype, known for its aggressiveness. Transcriptome analyses revealed consistent upregulation of SERPINB3 in basal-like/squamous PDAC, correlating with reduced patient survival. SERPINB3 transgene expression in PDAC cells enhanced in vitro invasion and promoted lung metastasis in a mouse PDAC xenograft model. Metabolome analyses unveiled a metabolic signature linked to both SERPINB3 and the basal-like/squamous subtype, characterized by heightened carnitine/acylcarnitine and amino acid metabolism, associated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC and elevated cellular invasiveness. Further analysis uncovered that SERPINB3 inhibited the cysteine protease calpain, a key enzyme in the MYC degradation pathway, and drove basal-like/squamous subtype and associated metabolic reprogramming through MYC activation. Our findings indicate that the SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype, proposing SERPINB3 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for this variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shouhui Yang
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Cawley
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paloma Moreno
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mary R Guest
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Azadeh Azizian
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nader Hanna
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Perwez Hussain
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang T, Liang N, Zhang J, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Chen L, Yang M, Huang Q, Hu P, Wang Q, Zhang H. OCTN2 enhances PGC-1α-mediated fatty acid oxidation and OXPHOS to support stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolism 2023; 147:155628. [PMID: 37315888 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells plays a vital role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2), a sodium-ion dependent carnitine transporter and a sodium-ion independent tetraethylammonium (TEA) transporter, has been reported to contribute tumor malignancies and metabolic dysregulation in renal and esophageal carcinoma. However, the role of lipid metabolism deregulation mediated by OCTN2 in HCC cells has not been clarified. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry assay were employed to identify OCTN2 expression in HCC tissues. The correlation between OCTN2 expression and prognosis was elucidated through K-M survival analysis. The expression and function of OCTN2 were examined via the assays of western blotting, sphere formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The mechanism of OCTN2-mediated HCC malignancies was investigated through RNA-seq and metabolomic analyses. Furthermore, xenograft tumor models based on HCC cells with different OCTN2 expression levels were conducted to analyze the tumorigenic and targetable role of OCTN2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that gradually focused OCTN2 was significantly upregulated in HCC and tightly associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, OCTN2 upregulation promoted HCC cells proliferation and migration in vitro and augmented the growth and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, OCTN2 promoted the cancer stem-like properties of HCC by increasing fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Mechanistically, PGC-1α signaling participated in the HCC cancer stem-like properties mediated by OCTN2 overexpression, which is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, OCTN2 upregulation may be transcriptionally activated by YY1 in HCC. Particularly, treatment with mildronate, an inhibitor of OCTN2, showed a therapeutic influence on HCC in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that OCTN2 plays a critical metabolic role in HCC cancer stemness maintenance and HCC progression, providing evidence for OCTN2 as a promising target for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China; Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, XiJing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yuedan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Clinical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the 920 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China; Department of Intervention Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farahzadi R, Hejazi MS, Molavi O, Pishgahzadeh E, Montazersaheb S, Jafari S. Clinical Significance of Carnitine in the Treatment of Cancer: From Traffic to the Regulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9328344. [PMID: 37600065 PMCID: PMC10435298 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9328344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer cells. Cancer cells exhibit metabolic flexibility to maintain high proliferation and survival rates. In other words, adaptation of cellular demand is essential for tumorigenesis, since a diverse supply of nutrients is required to accommodate tumor growth and progression. Diversity of carbon substrates fueling cancer cells indicate metabolic heterogeneity, even in tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. In addition to the alteration of glucose and amino acid metabolism in cancer cells, there is evidence that cancer cells can alter lipid metabolism. Some tumors rely on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the primary energy source; hence, cancer cells overexpress the enzymes involved in FAO. Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the lipid metabolic pathways. It is crucial in facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This role and others played by carnitine, especially its antioxidant function in cellular processes, emphasize the fine regulation of carnitine traffic within tissues and subcellular compartments. The biological activity of carnitine is orchestrated by specific membrane transporters that mediate the transfer of carnitine and its derivatives across the cell membrane. The concerted function of carnitine transporters creates a collaborative network that is relevant to metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Here, the molecular mechanisms relevant to the role and expression of carnitine transporters are discussed, providing insights into cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Pishgahzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sevda Jafari
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li G, Zhu J, Zhai L. Exploring molecular markers and drug candidates for colorectal cancer through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7038-7055. [PMID: 37466419 PMCID: PMC10415558 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) often has a poor prognosis and identifying useful and novel agents for treating CRC is urgently required. This study aimed to examine molecular markers associated with CRC prognosis and to identify potential drug candidates. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CRC in TCGA were identified. The genes associated with CRC, summarized from NCBI-gene, OMIM, and the DEGs, were used to construct a co-expression network by WGCNA. Moreover, the co-expression genes from modules of interest were used to carry out functional enrichment. A total of 2742 DEGs, including 1674 upregulated and 1068 downregulated genes, were identified. Thirteen co-expression modules were constructed with WGCNA. Brown and blue co-expression modules with significant differences in disease phenotype were found. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes in the brown module were mainly related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication, and RNA transport. The genes in the blue module were mainly associated with fatty acid degradation, sulfur metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway and bile secretion. In addition, both the genes in brown and blue were associated with tumor staging. Some prognostic markers and candidate small molecules drugs for CRC treatment were identified. In conclusion, we revealed molecular biomarker profiles in CRC by systematic bioinformatics analysis, constructed regulatory networks of mRNA, ncRNA and transcriptional regulators (TFs), and identified potential drugs targeting hub proteins and TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiangPeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kromrey ML, Oswald S, Becher D, Bartel J, Schulze J, Paland H, Ittermann T, Hadlich S, Kühn JP, Mouchantat S. Intracerebral gadolinium deposition following blood-brain barrier disturbance in two different mouse models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10164. [PMID: 37349374 PMCID: PMC10287697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of the blood-brain barrier on neuronal gadolinium deposition in a mouse model after multiple intravenous applications of the linear contrast agent gadodiamide. The prospective study held 54 mice divided into three groups: healthy mice (A), mice with iatrogenic induced disturbance of the blood-brain barrier by glioblastoma (B) or cerebral infarction (C). In each group 9 animals received 10 iv-injections of gadodiamide (1.2 mmol/kg) every 48 h followed by plain T1-weighted brain MRI. A final MRI was performed 5 days after the last contrast injection. Remaining mice underwent MRI in the same time intervals without contrast application (control group). Signal intensities of thalamus, pallidum, pons, dentate nucleus, and globus pallidus-to-thalamus and dentate nucleus-to-pons ratios, were determined. Gadodiamide complex and total gadolinium amount were quantified after the last MR examination via LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS. Dentate nucleus-to-pons and globus pallidus-to-thalamus SI ratios showed no significant increase over time within all mice groups receiving gadodiamide, as well as compared to the control groups at last MR examination. Comparing healthy mice with group B and C after repetitive contrast administration, a significant SI increase could only be detected for glioblastoma mice in globus pallidus-to-thalamus ratio (p = 0.033), infarction mice showed no significant SI alteration. Tissue analysis revealed significantly higher gadolinium levels in glioblastoma group compared to healthy (p = 0.013) and infarction mice (p = 0.029). Multiple application of the linear contrast agent gadodiamide leads to cerebral gadolinium deposition without imaging correlate in MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - S Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Bartel
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Schulze
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Paland
- Department of Pharmacology/C_DAT, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Hadlich
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J P Kühn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Mouchantat
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riviere-Cazaux C, Carlstrom LP, Rajani K, Munoz-Casabella A, Rahman M, Gharibi-Loron A, Brown DA, Miller KJ, White JJ, Himes BT, Jusue-Torres I, Ikram S, Ransom SC, Hirte R, Oh JH, Elmquist WF, Sarkaria JN, Vaubel RA, Rodriguez M, Warrington AE, Kizilbash SH, Burns TC. Blood-brain barrier disruption defines the extracellular metabolome of live human high-grade gliomas. Commun Biol 2023; 6:653. [PMID: 37340056 PMCID: PMC10281947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular microenvironment modulates glioma behaviour. It remains unknown if blood-brain barrier disruption merely reflects or functionally supports glioma aggressiveness. We utilised intra-operative microdialysis to sample the extracellular metabolome of radiographically diverse regions of gliomas and evaluated the global extracellular metabolome via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Among 162 named metabolites, guanidinoacetate (GAA) was 126.32x higher in enhancing tumour than in adjacent brain. 48 additional metabolites were 2.05-10.18x more abundant in enhancing tumour than brain. With exception of GAA, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutant gliomas, differences between non-enhancing tumour and brain microdialysate were modest and less consistent. The enhancing, but not the non-enhancing glioma metabolome, was significantly enriched for plasma-associated metabolites largely comprising amino acids and carnitines. Our findings suggest that metabolite diffusion through a disrupted blood-brain barrier may largely define the enhancing extracellular glioma metabolome. Future studies will determine how the altered extracellular metabolome impacts glioma behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karishma Rajani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Masum Rahman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Desmond A Brown
- Neurosurgical Oncology Unit, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai J Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaclyn J White
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin T Himes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Samar Ikram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Seth C Ransom
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Renee Hirte
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachael A Vaubel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Arthur E Warrington
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of the gene encoding carnitine transporter (OCTN2/SLC22A5) expression in human breast cancer and its association with clinicopathological characteristics. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2061-2066. [PMID: 36539562 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a major energy-generating process in the mitochondria and supports proliferation, growth, and survival of cancer cells. L-Carnitine is an essential co-factor for carrying long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria. The entry of l-carnitine across cell membrane is regulated by OCTN2 (SLC22A5). Thus, it can plays a significant role in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This study aimed to evaluate the OCTN2 expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer. METHODS In this work, OCTN2 was examined in 54 pairs of fresh samples of breast cancer (BC) and adjacent noncancerous tissue using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC approach was also used to investigate the expression of additional clinicopathological features. RESULTS The present research findings revealed that the relative expression of OCTN2 in BC tissues was substantially higher than the adjacent normal tissues. This up-regulation was correlated positively with tumor size and Ki-67 and negatively with the progesterone receptor (PR) status, providing evidence of the opposite effects of OCTN2 and PR on tumor development. CONCLUSION The study shows that the OCTN2 expression in BC patients may be used as a prognostic biomarker and a tumor oncogene. As a result, it could be considered a possible therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the significance of the findings needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
The Role of Organic Cation Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032101. [PMID: 36768423 PMCID: PMC9917293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) decisively contributed in revolutionizing the therapeutic approach to cancer, offering non-invasive, tolerable therapies for a better quality of life. Nonetheless, degree and duration of the response to TKI therapy vary depending on cancer molecular features, the ability of developing resistance to the drug, on pharmacokinetic alterations caused by germline variants and unwanted drug-drug interactions at the level of membrane transporters and metabolizing enzymes. A great deal of approved TKIs are inhibitors of the organic cation transporters (OCTs). A handful are also substrates of them. These transporters are polyspecific and highly expressed in normal epithelia, particularly the intestine, liver and kidney, and are, hence, arguably relevant sites of TKI interactions with other OCT substrates. Moreover, OCTs are often repressed in cancer cells and might contribute to the resistance of cancer cells to TKIs. This article reviews the OCT interactions with approved and in-development TKIs reported in vitro and in vivo and critically discusses the potential clinical ramifications thereof.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shim JK, Choi S, Yoon SJ, Choi RJ, Park J, Lee EH, Cho HJ, Lee S, Teo WY, Moon JH, Kim HS, Kim EH, Cheong JH, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor, combined with temozolomide reduces stemness and invasiveness in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 36221088 PMCID: PMC9552483 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the bioenergetics of glioblastoma (GBM) is being realized. Etomoxir (ETO), a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor exerts cytotoxic effects in GBM, which involve interrupting the FAO pathway. We hypothesized that FAO inhibition could affect the outcomes of current standard temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy against GBM. Methods The FAO-related gene expression was compared between GBM and the tumor-free cortex. Using four different GBM tumorspheres (TSs), the effects of ETO and/or TMZ was analyzed on cell viability, tricarboxylate (TCA) cycle intermediates and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production to assess metabolic changes. Alterations in tumor stemness, invasiveness, and associated transcriptional changes were also measured. Mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used to elucidate the combinatory effect of TMZ and ETO. Results GBM tissues exhibited overexpression of FAO-related genes, especially CPT1A, compared to the tumor-free cortex. The combined use of ETO and TMZ further inhibited TCA cycle and ATP production than single uses. This combination treatment showed superior suppression effects compared to treatment with individual agents on the viability, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM TSs, as well as better downregulation of FAO-related gene expression. The results of in vivo study showed prolonged survival outcomes in the combination treatment group. Conclusion ETO, an FAO inhibitor, causes a lethal energy reduction in the GBM TSs. When used in combination with TMZ, ETO effectively reduces GBM cell stemness and invasiveness and further improves survival. These results suggest a potential novel treatment option for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Departments of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The role of branched chain amino acids metabolic disorders in tumorigenesis and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
15
|
Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg/kg EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCN treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of adenosine triphosphate synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115, Plobsheim, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 4267 PEPITE, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deshmukh R, Allega MF, Tardito S. A map of the altered glioma metabolism. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1045-1059. [PMID: 34489164 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of neomorphic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in low-grade glioma led to an IDH-centric classification of these tumors. However, exploiting metabolic alterations of glioma for diagnostic imaging and treatment has marginally improved patients' prognosis. Here we discuss the nutritional microenvironment of glioma, shaped by the distinctive dependence of the brain on glucose and ketone bodies for energy, and on amino acids for neurotransmission. We highlight the progress in metabolic applications for glioma diagnosis and therapy, and present a map that streamlines the rewired glioma metabolism. The map illustrates the altered reactions in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism that drive glioma biology, and represent metabolic vulnerabilities with translational potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Deshmukh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Allega
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun D, Chen Q, Gai Z, Zhang F, Yang X, Hu W, Chen C, Yang G, Hörmann S, Kullak-Ublick GA, Visentin M. The Role of the Carnitine/Organic Cation Transporter Novel 2 in the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma Treated With Oxaliplatin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:684545. [PMID: 34603016 PMCID: PMC8481660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.684545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide, ranking sixth in mortality. Platinum-based chemotherapy is commonly used for treating locally advanced esophageal cancer, yet it is ineffective in a large portion of patients. There is a need for reliable molecular markers with direct clinical application for a prospective selection of patients who can benefit from chemotherapy and patients in whom toxicity is likely to outweigh the benefit. The cytotoxic activity of platinum derivatives largely depends on the uptake and accumulation into cells, primarily by organic cation transporters (OCTs). The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of OCT expression on the clinical outcome of patients with esophageal cancer treated with oxaliplatin. Twenty patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were prospectively enrolled and surgical specimens used for screening OCT expression level by western blotting and/or immunostaining, and for culture of cancer cells. Sixty-seven patients with SCC who received oxaliplatin and for whom follow-up was available were retrospectively assessed for organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) expression by real time RT-PCR and immunostaining. OCTN2 staining was also performed in 22 esophageal adenocarcinomas. OCTN2 function in patient-derived cancer cells was evaluated by assessing L-carnitine uptake and sensitivity to oxaliplatin. The impact of OCTN2 on oxaliplatin activity was also assessed in HEK293 cells overexpressing OCTN2. OCTN2 expression was higher in tumor than in normal tissues. In patient-derived cancer cells and HEK293 cells, the expression of OCTN2 sensitized to oxaliplatin. Patients treated with oxaliplatin who had high OCTN2 level in the tumor tissue had a reduced risk of recurrence and a longer survival time than those with low expression of OCTN2 in tumor tissue. In conclusion, OCTN2 is expressed in esophageal cancer and it is likely to contribute to the accumulation and cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin in patients with esophageal carcinoma treated with oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wensi Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Severin Hörmann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen R, Brown HM, Cooks RG. Metabolic profiles of human brain parenchyma and glioma for rapid tissue diagnosis by targeted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6213-6224. [PMID: 34373931 PMCID: PMC8522078 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is well suited for intraoperative tissue analysis since it requires little sample preparation and offers rapid and sensitive molecular diagnostics. Currently, intraoperative assessment of the tumor cell percentage of glioma biopsies can be made by measuring a single metabolite, N-acetylaspartate (NAA). The inclusion of additional biomarkers will likely improve the accuracy when distinguishing brain parenchyma from glioma by DESI-MS. To explore this possibility, mass spectra were recorded for extracts from 32 unmodified human brain samples with known pathology. Statistical analysis of data obtained from full-scan and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiles identified discriminatory metabolites, namely gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), creatine, glutamic acid, carnitine, and hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol (abbreviated as hexol), as well as the established biomarker NAA. Brain parenchyma was readily differentiated from glioma based on these metabolites as measured both in full-scan mass spectra and by the intensities of their characteristic MRM transitions. New DESI-MS methods (5 min acquisition using full scans and MS/MS), developed to measure ion abundance ratios among these metabolites, were tested using smears of 29 brain samples. Ion abundance ratios based on signals for GABA, creatine, carnitine, and hexol all had sensitivities > 90%, specificities > 80%, and accuracies > 85%. Prospectively, the implementation of diagnostic ion abundance ratios should strengthen the discriminatory power of individual biomarkers and enhance method robustness against signal fluctuations, resulting in an improved DESI-MS method of glioma diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - Hannah Marie Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
D’Onofrio N, Martino E, Mele L, Colloca A, Maione M, Cautela D, Castaldo D, Balestrieri ML. Colorectal Cancer Apoptosis Induced by Dietary δ-Valerobetaine Involves PINK1/Parkin Dependent-Mitophagy and SIRT3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158117. [PMID: 34360883 PMCID: PMC8348679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of colorectal cancer progression is crucial in the setting of strategies for its prevention. δ-Valerobetaine (δVB) is an emerging dietary metabolite showing cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cells via autophagy and apoptosis. Here, we aimed to deepen current knowledge on the mechanism of δVB-induced colon cancer cell death by investigating the apoptotic cascade in colorectal adenocarcinoma SW480 and SW620 cells and evaluating the molecular players of mitochondrial dysfunction. Results indicated that δVB reduced cell viability in a time-dependent manner, reaching IC50 after 72 h of incubation with δVB 1.5 mM, and caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest with upregulation of cyclin A and cyclin B protein levels. The increased apoptotic cell rate occurred via caspase-3 activation with a concomitant loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and SIRT3 downregulation. Functional studies indicated that δVB activated mitochondrial apoptosis through PINK1/Parkin pathways, as upregulation of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3B protein levels was observed (p < 0.0001). Together, these findings support a critical role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by δVB in SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5667513; Fax: +39-081-5665863
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Martina Maione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (D.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (D.C.); (D.C.)
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE), Via Molise 2, 00187 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (M.M.); (M.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vassileva V, Braga M, Barnes C, Przystal J, Ashek A, Allott L, Brickute D, Abrahams J, Suwan K, Carcaboso AM, Hajitou A, Aboagye EO. Effective Detection and Monitoring of Glioma Using [ 18F]FPIA PET Imaging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:811. [PMID: 34356874 PMCID: PMC8301305 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reprogrammed cellular metabolism is a cancer hallmark. In addition to increased glycolysis, the oxidation of acetate in the citric acid cycle is another common metabolic phenotype. We have recently developed a novel fluorine-18-labelled trimethylacetate-based radiotracer, [18F]fluoro-pivalic acid ([18F]FPIA), for imaging the transcellular flux of short-chain fatty acids, and investigated whether this radiotracer can be used for the detection of glioma growth. METHODS We evaluated the potential of [18F]FPIA PET to monitor tumor growth in orthotopic patient-derived (HSJD-GBM-001) and cell line-derived (U87, LN229) glioma xenografts, and also included [18F]FDG PET for comparison. We assessed proliferation (Ki-67) and the expression of lipid metabolism and transport proteins (CPT1, SLC22A2, SLC22A5, SLC25A20) by immunohistochemistry, along with etomoxir treatment to provide insights into [18F]FPIA uptake. RESULTS Longitudinal PET imaging showed gradual increase in [18F]FPIA uptake in orthotopic glioma models with disease progression (p < 0.0001), and high tumor-to-brain contrast compared to [18F]FDG (p < 0.0001). [18F]FPIA uptake correlated positively with Ki-67 (p < 0.01), SLC22A5 (p < 0.001) and SLC25A20 (p = 0.001), and negatively with CPT1 (p < 0.01) and SLC22A2 (p < 0.01). Etomoxir reduced [18F]FPIA uptake, which correlated with decreased Ki-67 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the use of [18F]FPIA PET for the detection and longitudinal monitoring of glioma, showing a positive correlation with tumor proliferation, and suggest transcellular flux-mediated radiotracer uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vessela Vassileva
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Marta Braga
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Chris Barnes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Justyna Przystal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Burlington Danes, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.P.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ali Ashek
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Louis Allott
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Diana Brickute
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Joel Abrahams
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Burlington Danes, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.P.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | | | - Amin Hajitou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Burlington Danes, London W12 0NN, UK; (J.P.); (K.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; (M.B.); (C.B.); (L.A.); (D.B.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Caniglia JL, Jalasutram A, Asuthkar S, Sahagun J, Park S, Ravindra A, Tsung AJ, Guda MR, Velpula KK. Beyond glucose: alternative sources of energy in glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:2048-2057. [PMID: 33500708 PMCID: PMC7797684 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. With a designation of WHO Grade IV, it is also the most lethal primary brain tumor with a median survival of just 15 months. This is often despite aggressive treatment that includes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Based on the poor outcomes and prevalence of the tumor, the demand for innovative therapies continues to represent a pressing issue for clinicians and researchers. In terms of therapies targeting metabolism, the prevalence of the Warburg effect has led to a focus on targeting glucose metabolism to halt tumor progression. While glucose is the dominant source of growth substrate in GBM, a number of unique metabolic pathways are exploited in GBM to meet the increased demand for replication and progression. In this review we aim to explore how metabolites from fatty acid oxidation, the urea cycle, the glutamate-glutamine cycle, and one-carbon metabolism are shunted toward energy producing pathways to meet the high energy demand in GBM. We will also explore how the process of autophagy provides a reservoir of nutrients to support viable tumor cells. By so doing, we aim to establish a foundation of implicated metabolic mechanisms supporting growth and tumorigenesis of GBM within the literature. With the sparse number of therapeutic interventions specifically targeting metabolic pathways in GBM, we hope that this review expands further insight into the development of novel treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Caniglia
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Anvesh Jalasutram
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Joseph Sahagun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Simon Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Aditya Ravindra
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Andrew J. Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
- Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL
| | - Maheedhara R. Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
| | - Kiran K. Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Console L, Scalise M, Mazza T, Pochini L, Galluccio M, Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Indiveri C. Carnitine Traffic in Cells. Link With Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583850. [PMID: 33072764 PMCID: PMC7530336 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is a peculiar hallmark of cancer cells. A growing number of observations reveal that tumors can utilize a wide range of substrates to sustain cell survival and proliferation. The diversity of carbon sources is indicative of metabolic heterogeneity not only across different types of cancer but also within those sharing a common origin. Apart from the well-assessed alteration in glucose and amino acid metabolisms, there are pieces of evidence that cancer cells display alterations of lipid metabolism as well; indeed, some tumors use fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as the main source of energy and express high levels of FAO enzymes. In this metabolic pathway, the cofactor carnitine is crucial since it serves as a “shuttle-molecule” to allow fatty acid acyl moieties entering the mitochondrial matrix where these molecules are oxidized via the β-oxidation pathway. This role, together with others played by carnitine in cell metabolism, underlies the fine regulation of carnitine traffic among different tissues and, within a cell, among different subcellular compartments. Specific membrane transporters mediate carnitine and carnitine derivatives flux across the cell membranes. Among the SLCs, the plasma membrane transporters OCTN2 (Organic cation transport novel 2 or SLC22A5), CT2 (Carnitine transporter 2 or SLC22A16), MCT9 (Monocarboxylate transporter 9 or SLC16A9) and ATB0, + [Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+) or SLC6A14] together with the mitochondrial membrane transporter CAC (Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier or SLC25A20) are the most acknowledged to mediate the flux of carnitine. The concerted action of these proteins creates a carnitine network that becomes relevant in the context of cancer metabolic rewiring. Therefore, molecular mechanisms underlying modulation of function and expression of carnitine transporters are dealt with furnishing some perspective for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tiziano Mazza
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The organic cation transporters (OCTs) OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, novel OCT (OCTN)1, OCTN2, multidrug and toxin exclusion (MATE)1, and MATE kidney-specific 2 are polyspecific transporters exhibiting broadly overlapping substrate selectivities. They transport organic cations, zwitterions, and some uncharged compounds and operate as facilitated diffusion systems and/or antiporters. OCTs are critically involved in intestinal absorption, hepatic uptake, and renal excretion of hydrophilic drugs. They modulate the distribution of endogenous compounds such as thiamine, L-carnitine, and neurotransmitters. Sites of expression and functions of OCTs have important impact on energy metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of drugs, and on drug-drug interactions. In this work, an overview about the human OCTs is presented. Functional properties of human OCTs, including identified substrates and inhibitors of the individual transporters, are described. Sites of expression are compiled, and data on regulation of OCTs are presented. In addition, genetic variations of OCTs are listed, and data on their impact on transport, drug treatment, and diseases are reported. Moreover, recent data are summarized that indicate complex drug-drug interaction at OCTs, such as allosteric high-affinity inhibition of transport and substrate dependence of inhibitor efficacies. A hypothesis about the molecular mechanism of polyspecific substrate recognition by OCTs is presented that is based on functional studies and mutagenesis experiments in OCT1 and OCT2. This hypothesis provides a framework to imagine how observed complex drug-drug interactions at OCTs arise. Finally, preclinical in vitro tests that are performed by pharmaceutical companies to identify interaction of novel drugs with OCTs are discussed. Optimized experimental procedures are proposed that allow a gapless detection of inhibitory and transported drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
D’Onofrio N, Mele L, Martino E, Salzano A, Restucci B, Cautela D, Tatullo M, Balestrieri ML, Campanile G. Synergistic Effect of Dietary Betaines on SIRT1-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cal 27. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092468. [PMID: 32878301 PMCID: PMC7563158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Betaines are important human nutrients widely distributed in plants, animals, and dietary sources. δ-valerobetaine (δVB) is a naturally occurring betaine with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible synergism between δVB and the structurally related γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) by testing the in vitro anticancer activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Combined δVB and γBB caused a marked inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in Cal 27 cells. The increased reactive oxygen species accumulation influenced the nuclear expression of SIRT1. Gene silencing with small interfering RNA confirmed the role of SIRT1 in the apoptotic cell death. Synergism of δVB and γBB is useful for novel strategies to optimize their content in meat, milk and dairy products to sustain human health and wellbeing. Abstract Betaines are food components widely distributed in plants, animals, microorganisms, and dietary sources. Among betaines, δ-valerobetaine (N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid, δVB) shares a metabolic pathway common to γ-butyrobetaine (γBB). The biological properties of δVB are particularly attractive, as it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Here, we investigated the possible synergism between δVB and the structurally related γBB, to date unexplored, by testing the in vitro anticancer activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, FaDu, UM-SCC-17A and Cal 27. Among cell lines tested, results indicated that betaines showed the highest effect in reducing Cal 27 cell proliferation up to 72 h (p < 0.01). This effect was enhanced when betaines were administered in combination (δVB plus γBB) (p < 0.001). Inhibition of cell growth by δVB plus γBB involved reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and apoptosis (p < 0.001). SIRT1 gene silencing by small interfering RNA decreased the apoptotic effect of δVB plus γBB by modulating downstream procaspase-3 and cyclin B1 (p < 0.05). These findings might have important implications for novel prevention strategies for tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting SIRT1 with naturally occurring betaines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Domenico Cautela
- Experimental Station for the Industry of the Essential Oils and Citrus Products (SSEA), Special Agency of the Chamber of Commerce in Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Marrelli Health—Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Via E. Fermi, 88900 Crotone, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5865; Fax: +39-081-566-5863
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (B.R.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Uptake Transporters of the SLC21, SLC22A, and SLC15A Families in Anticancer Therapy-Modulators of Cellular Entry or Pharmacokinetics? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082263. [PMID: 32806706 PMCID: PMC7464370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier transporters comprise a large family of uptake transporters involved in the transmembrane transport of a wide array of endogenous substrates such as hormones, nutrients, and metabolites as well as of clinically important drugs. Several cancer therapeutics, ranging from chemotherapeutics such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA-intercalating drugs, and microtubule binders to targeted therapeutics such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors are substrates of solute carrier (SLC) transporters. Given that SLC transporters are expressed both in organs pivotal to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination and in tumors, these transporters constitute determinants of cellular drug accumulation influencing intracellular drug concentration required for efficacy of the cancer treatment in tumor cells. In this review, we explore the current understanding of members of three SLC families, namely SLC21 (organic anion transporting polypeptides, OATPs), SLC22A (organic cation transporters, OCTs; organic cation/carnitine transporters, OCTNs; and organic anion transporters OATs), and SLC15A (peptide transporters, PEPTs) in the etiology of cancer, in transport of chemotherapeutic drugs, and their influence on efficacy or toxicity of pharmacotherapy. We further explore the idea to exploit the function of SLC transporters to enhance cancer cell accumulation of chemotherapeutics, which would be expected to reduce toxic side effects in healthy tissue and to improve efficacy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Juraszek B, Czarnecka-Herok J, Nałęcz KA. Glioma cells survival depends both on fatty acid oxidation and on functional carnitine transport by SLC22A5. J Neurochem 2020; 156:642-657. [PMID: 32654140 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, but current treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is insufficient. Even though glucose is the primary energetic substrate of glioma cells, they are capable of using fatty acids to generate energy. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria requires L-carnitine for the formation of acylcarnitines by carnitine palmitoylotransferase 1 (CPT1) and further transport of acyl carnitine esters to mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine can be delivered to the cell by an organic cation/carnitine transporter-SLC22A5/OCTN2. In this study, we show that SLC22A5 is up-regulated in glioma cells and that they vary in the amount of SLC22A5 in the plasma membrane. Research on glioma cells (lines U87MG, LN229, T98G) with various expression levels of SLC22A5 demonstrated a correlation between the FAO rate, the level of the transporter, and the carnitine transport. Inhibition of carnitine transport by chemotherapeutics, such as vinorelbine and vincristine, led to inhibition of FAO, which was further intensified by etomoxir-a CPT1 inhibitor. This led to reduced viability and increased apoptosis in glioma cells. Modulation of SLC22A5 level by either silencing or up-regulation of SLC22A5 also affected glioma cell survival in a FAO-dependent way. These observations suggest that the survival of glioma cells is heavily reliant on both FAO and SLC22A5 activity, as well as that CPT1 and SLC22A5 might be possible drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Juraszek
- Laboratory of Transport through Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka-Herok
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna A Nałęcz
- Laboratory of Transport through Biomembranes, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liao C, Zhang Y, Fan C, Herring LE, Liu J, Locasale JW, Takada M, Zhou J, Zurlo G, Hu L, Simon JM, Ptacek TS, Andrianov VG, Loza E, Peng Y, Yang H, Perou CM, Zhang Q. Identification of BBOX1 as a Therapeutic Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1706-1721. [PMID: 32690540 PMCID: PMC7642036 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease. Because of its heterogeneity and lack of hormone receptors or HER2 expression, targeted therapy is limited. Here, by performing a functional siRNA screening for 2-OG-dependent enzymes, we identified gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 (BBOX1) as an essential gene for TNBC tumorigenesis. BBOX1 depletion inhibits TNBC cell growth while not affecting normal breast cells. Mechanistically, BBOX1 binds with the calcium channel inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) in an enzymatic-dependent manner and prevents its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. BBOX1 depletion suppresses IP3R3-mediated endoplasmic reticulum calcium release, therefore impairing calcium-dependent energy-generating processes including mitochondrial respiration and mTORC1-mediated glycolysis, which leads to apoptosis and impaired cell-cycle progression in TNBC cells. Therapeutically, genetic depletion or pharmacologic inhibition of BBOX1 inhibits TNBC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our study highlights the importance of targeting the previously uncharacterized BBOX1-IP3R3-calcium oncogenic signaling axis in TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: We provide evidence from unbiased screens that BBOX1 is a potential therapeutic target in TNBC and that genetic knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of BBOX1 leads to decreased TNBC cell fitness. This study lays the foundation for developing effective BBOX1 inhibitors for treatment of this lethal disease.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1611.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Liao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cheng Fan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of Pharmacology and UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mamoru Takada
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Giada Zurlo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeremy M Simon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Travis S Ptacek
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Einars Loza
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Coleman CN, Eke I, Makinde AY, Chopra S, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Martello S, Bylicky M, Mitchell JB, Aryankalayil MJ. Radiation-induced Adaptive Response: New Potential for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5781-5790. [PMID: 32554542 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is highly effective due to its ability to physically focus the treatment to target the tumor while sparing normal tissue and its ability to be combined with systemic therapy. This systemic therapy can be utilized before radiotherapy as an adjuvant or induction treatment, during radiotherapy as a radiation "sensitizer," or following radiotherapy as a part of combined modality therapy. As part of a unique concept of using radiation as "focused biology," we investigated how tumors and normal tissues adapt to clinically relevant multifraction (MF) and single-dose (SD) radiation to observe whether the adaptations can induce susceptibility to cell killing by available drugs or by immune enhancement. We identified an adaptation occurring after MF (3 × 2 Gy) that induced cell killing when AKT-mTOR inhibitors were delivered following cessation of radiotherapy. In addition, we identified inducible changes in integrin expression 2 months following cessation of radiotherapy that differ between MF (1 Gy × 10) and SD (10 Gy) that remain targetable compared with preradiotherapy. Adaptation is reflected across different "omics" studies, and thus the range of possible molecular targets is not only broad but also time, dose, and schedule dependent. While much remains to be studied about the radiation adaptive response, radiation should be characterized by its molecular perturbations in addition to physical dose. Consideration of the adaptive effects should result in the design of a tailored radiotherapy treatment plan that accounts for specific molecular changes to be targeted as part of precision multimodality cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Berlato DG, Bairros AVD. Meldonium: Pharmacological, toxicological, and analytical aspects. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320915143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Meldonium is the active molecule from Mildronate® with similar chemical structure to an amino acid, and it is known as (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine) propionate) (CAS 76144-81-5). This pharmaceutical substance is approved in Eastern Europe for cerebral and myocardial ischemia and has been on the World Doping Association’s banned substances list since January 2016. The goal of this review is to relate the use of meldonium as a doping agent, considering its pharmacological, toxicological, and analytical aspects. This review is based on the scientific literature from digital platforms. The main mechanism of action of meldonium is based on a decrease in l-carnitine levels and increase of peroxisomes activity in the cytosol. Females were more susceptible to the substance in animal experiments for toxicological tests. There is currently no report in the scientific literature about acute or chronic intoxication cases by meldonium in humans. Based on the literature findings, meldonium showed ergogenic effect in animals and human volunteers. For anti-doping analysis, urine is the biological matrix of choice, and dilute-and-shoot is the most common sample treatment in addition to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Other approaches could be used to determine meldonium levels, mainly for screening tests, such as l-carnitine or gamma-butyrobetaine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dener Gomes Berlato
- Nucleus of Applied Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - André Valle de Bairros
- Nucleus of Applied Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Čuperlović-Culf M, Khieu NH, Surendra A, Hewitt M, Charlebois C, Sandhu JK. Analysis and Simulation of Glioblastoma Cell Lines-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Metabolome. Metabolites 2020; 10:E88. [PMID: 32131411 PMCID: PMC7142482 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the central nervous system. Despite current advances in non-invasive imaging and the advent of novel therapeutic modalities, patient survival remains very low. There is a critical need for the development of effective biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by GBM tumors have been shown to play an important role in cellular communication and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. As GBM-derived EVs contain specific "molecular signatures" of their parental cells and are able to transmigrate across the blood-brain barrier into biofluids such as the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), they are considered as a valuable source of potential diagnostic biomarkers. Given the relatively harsh extracellular environment of blood and CSF, EVs have to endure and adapt to different conditions. The ability of EVs to adjust and function depends on their lipid bilayer, metabolic content and enzymes and transport proteins. The knowledge of EVs metabolic characteristics and adaptability is essential for their utilization as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The main aim of this study was to determine the metabolome of small EVs or exosomes derived from different GBM cells and compare to the metabolic profile of their parental cells using NMR spectroscopy. In addition, a possible flux of metabolic processes in GBM-derived EVs was simulated using constraint-based modeling from published proteomics information. Our results showed a clear difference between the metabolic profiles of GBM cells, EVs and media. Machine learning analysis of EV metabolomics, as well as flux simulation, supports the notion of active metabolism within EVs, including enzymatic reactions and the transfer of metabolites through the EV membrane. These results are discussed in the context of novel GBM diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Čuperlović-Culf
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, Bldg-M50, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada;
| | - Nam H. Khieu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Bldg-M54, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (N.H.K.); (M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Anuradha Surendra
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, Bldg-M50, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada;
| | - Melissa Hewitt
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Bldg-M54, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (N.H.K.); (M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudie Charlebois
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Bldg-M54, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (N.H.K.); (M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Jagdeep K. Sandhu
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Bldg-M54, 1200 Montreal Road, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0R6, Canada; (N.H.K.); (M.H.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Du X, Tu Y, Liu S, Zhao P, Bao Z, Li C, Li J, Pan M, Ji J. LINC00511 contributes to glioblastoma tumorigenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via LINC00511/miR-524-5p/YB1/ZEB1 positive feedback loop. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1474-1487. [PMID: 31856394 PMCID: PMC6991637 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour invasion is closely related to the prognosis and recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme and partially attributes to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) plays a pivotal role in tumour; however, the role of LINC00511 in GBM, especially in the epigenetic molecular regulation mechanism of EMT, is still unclear. Here, we found that LINC00511 was up‐regulated in GBM tissues and relatively high LINC00511 expression predicted poorer prognosis. Moreover, ectopic LINC00511 enhanced GBM cells proliferation, EMT, migration and invasion, whereas LINC00511 knockdown had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we confirmed that ZEB1 acted as a transcription factor for LINC00511 in GBM cells. Subsequently, we found that LINC00511 served as a competing endogenous RNA that sponged miR‐524‐5p to indirectly regulate YB1, whereas, up‐regulated YB1 promoted ZEB1 expression, which inversely facilitated LINC00511 expression. Finally, orthotopic xenograft models were performed to further demonstrate the LINC00511 on GBM tumorigenesis. This study demonstrates that a LINC00511/miR‐524‐5p/YB1/ZEB1 positive feedback loop provides potential therapeutic targets for GBM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minhong Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Juraszek B, Nałęcz KA. SLC22A5 (OCTN2) Carnitine Transporter-Indispensable for Cell Metabolism, a Jekyll and Hyde of Human Cancer. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010014. [PMID: 31861504 PMCID: PMC6982704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of fatty acids uses l-carnitine to transport acyl moieties to mitochondria in a so-called carnitine shuttle. The process of β-oxidation also takes place in cancer cells. The majority of carnitine comes from the diet and is transported to the cell by ubiquitously expressed organic cation transporter novel family member 2 (OCTN2)/solute carrier family 22 member 5 (SLC22A5). The expression of SLC22A5 is regulated by transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and estrogen receptor. Transporter delivery to the cell surface, as well as transport activity are controlled by OCTN2 interaction with other proteins, such as PDZ-domain containing proteins, protein phosphatase PP2A, caveolin-1, protein kinase C. SLC22A5 expression is altered in many types of cancer, giving an advantage to some of them by supplying carnitine for β-oxidation, thus providing an alternative to glucose source of energy for growth and proliferation. On the other hand, SLC22A5 can also transport several chemotherapeutics used in clinics, leading to cancer cell death.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tu Y, Xie P, Du X, Fan L, Bao Z, Sun G, Zhao P, Chao H, Li C, Zeng A, Pan M, Ji J. S100A11 functions as novel oncogene in glioblastoma via S100A11/ANXA2/NF-κB positive feedback loop. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6907-6918. [PMID: 31430050 PMCID: PMC6787445 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most universal type of primary brain malignant tumour, and the prognosis of patients with GBM is poor. S100A11 plays an essential role in tumour. However, the role and molecular mechanism of S100A11 in GBM are not clear. Here, we found that S100A11 was up‐regulated in GBM tissues and higher S100A11 expression indicated poor prognosis of GBM patients. Overexpression of S100A11 promoted GBM cell growth, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion and generation of glioma stem cells (GSCs), whereas its knockdown inhibited these activities. More importantly, S100A11 interacted with ANXA2 and regulated NF‐κB signalling pathway through decreasing ubiquitination and degradation of ANXA2. Additionally, NF‐κB regulated S100A11 at transcriptional level as a positive feedback. We also demonstrated the S100A11 on tumour growth in GBM using an orthotopic tumour xenografting. These data demonstrate that S100A11/ANXA2/NF‐κB positive feedback loop in GBM cells that promote the progression of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Xiaoliu Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangchi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengzhan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ailiang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minhong Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|