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Maranto C, Sabharwal L, Udhane V, Pitzen SP, McCluskey B, Qi S, O’Connor C, Devi S, Johnson S, Jacobsohn K, Banerjee A, Iczkowski KA, Wang L, Dehm SM, Nevalainen MT. Stat5 induces androgen receptor ( AR) gene transcription in prostate cancer and offers a druggable pathway to target AR signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2742. [PMID: 38416822 PMCID: PMC10901378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) drives prostate cancer (PC) growth and progression, and targeting AR signaling is the mainstay of pharmacological therapies for PC. Resistance develops relatively fast as a result of refueled AR activity. A major gap in the field is the lack of understanding of targetable mechanisms that induce persistent AR expression in castrate-resistant PC (CRPC). This study uncovers an unexpected function of active Stat5 signaling, a known promoter of PC growth and clinical progression, as a potent inducer of AR gene transcription. Stat5 suppression inhibited AR gene transcription in preclinical PC models and reduced the levels of wild-type, mutated, and truncated AR proteins. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibition by a specific small-molecule Stat5 inhibitor down-regulated Stat5-inducible genes as well as AR and AR-regulated genes and suppressed PC growth. This work introduces the concept of Stat5 as an inducer of AR gene transcription in PC. Pharmacological Stat5 inhibitors may represent a new strategy for suppressing AR and CRPC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel P. Pitzen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Braedan McCluskey
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Songyan Qi
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine O’Connor
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Savita Devi
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott Johnson
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth Jacobsohn
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anjishnu Banerjee
- Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marja T. Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Thomas C, Erb HHH. Impact of STAT Proteins in Tumor Progress and Therapy Resistance in Advanced and Metastasized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4854. [PMID: 34638338 PMCID: PMC8508518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are a family of transcription factors involved in several biological processes such as immune response, cell survival, and cell growth. However, they have also been implicated in the development and progression of several cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Although the members of the STAT protein family are structurally similar, they convey different functions in PCa. STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 are associated with therapy resistance. STAT1 and STAT3 are involved in docetaxel resistance, while STAT3 and STAT5 are involved in antiandrogen resistance. Expression of STAT3 and STAT5 is increased in PCa metastases, and together with STAT6, they play a crucial role in PCa metastasis. Further, expression of STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6 was elevated in advanced and high-grade PCa. STAT2 and STAT4 are currently less researched in PCa. Since STATs are widely involved in PCa, they serve as potential therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors interfering with STATs signaling have been tested unsuccessfully in PCa clinical trials. This review focuses on the respective roles of the STAT family members in PCa, especially in metastatic disease and provides an overview of STAT-inhibitors evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.)
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Prospects for Clinical Development of Stat5 Inhibitor IST5-002: High Transcriptomic Specificity in Prostate Cancer and Low Toxicity In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113412. [PMID: 33217941 PMCID: PMC7724566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is an unmet medical need for new and potent pharmacological inhibitor drugs for the protein Stat5 that would be orally bioavailable for treatment of several different cancers. Previous work has established a critical role for Stat5 in molecular and clinical progression of prostate cancer to metastatic disease and in the pathogenesis of several leukemias and blood-based disorders. Our group has developed a potent pharmacological inhibitor for Stat5, IST5-002, which targets two critical steps in the activation process of Stat5 in cancer cells. In the present work, we evaluated the characteristics of IST5-002 for further development into a cancer drug. We evaluated whether IST5-002 affects the Stat5 targets genes in prostate cancer, defined more closely its mechanisms of action, and investigated its initial toxicity as the basis for further development in order to enable its entrance into clinical testing in patients. Our study supports optimization of IST5-002 compound for oral bioavailability and for clinical development. Abstract Stat5 is of significant interest in the search for new therapeutics for prostate cancer (PC) and hematopoietic disorders. We evaluated the transcriptomic specificity of the Stat5a/b inhibitor IST5-002 (IST5) in PC, defined more closely its mechanisms of action, and investigated the in vivo toxicity of IST5 for further optimization for clinical development. The transcriptomic specificity of IST5 vs. genetic Stat5 knockdown was evaluated by RNA-seq analysis, which showed high similarity with the Pearson correlation coefficient ranging from 0.98–0.99. The potency of IST5 vs. its derivative lacking the phosphate group in suppressing Stat5 was evaluated in two separate but complementary assays. The inhibitory activity of IST5 against kinases was investigated in cell-free assays followed by more focused evaluation in a cell-based assay. IST5 has no specific inhibitory activity against 54 kinases, while suppressing Stat5 phosphorylation and subsequent dimerization in PC cells. The phosphate group was not critical for the biological activity of IST5 in cells. The acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies of IST5 were carried out in mice. IST5 did not cause any significant toxic effects or changes in the blood profiles. The present work supports further optimization of IST5 for oral bioavailability for clinical development for therapies for solid tumors, hematological and myeloproliferative disorders.
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Prolactin: A hormone with diverse functions from mammary gland development to cancer metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:159-170. [PMID: 33109441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin has a rich mechanistic set of actions and signaling in order to elicit developmental effects in mammals. Historically, prolactin has been appreciated as an endocrine peptide hormone that is responsible for final, functional mammary gland development and lactation. Multiple signaling pathways impacted upon by the microenvironment contribute to cell function and differentiation. Endocrine, autocrine and paracrine signaling are now apparent in not only mammary development, but also in cancer, and involve multiple cell types including those of the immune system. Multiple ligands agonists are capable of binding to the prolactin receptor, potentially expanding receptor function. Prolactin has an important role not only in tumorigenesis of the breast, but also in a number of hormonally responsive cancers such as prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancer, as well as pancreatic and lung cancer. Although pituitary and extra-pituitary sources of prolactin such as the epithelium are important, stromal sourced prolactin is now also being recognized as an important factor in tumor progression, all of which potentially signal to multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment. While prolactin has important roles in milk production including calcium and bone homeostasis, in the disease state it can also affect bone homeostasis. Prolactin also impacts metastatic cancer of the breast to modulate the bone microenvironment and promote bone damage. Prolactin has a fascinating contribution in both physiologic and pathologic settings of mammals.
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Hall WA, Sabharwal L, Udhane V, Maranto C, Nevalainen MT. Cytokines, JAK-STAT Signaling and Radiation-Induced DNA Repair in Solid Tumors: Novel Opportunities for Radiation Therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 127:105827. [PMID: 32822847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of solid tumors are treated with radiation therapy (RT) as a curative modality. At the same time, for certain types of cancers the applicable doses of RT are not high enough to result in a successful eradication of cancer cells. This is often caused by limited pharmacological tools and strategies to selectively sensitize tumors to RT while simultaneously sparing normal tissues from RT. We present an outline of a novel strategy for RT sensitization of solid tumors utilizing Jak inhibitors. Here, recently published pre-clinical data are reviewed which demonstrate the promising role of Jak inhibition in sensitization of tumors to RT. A wide number of currently approved Jak inhibitors for non-malignant conditions are summarized including Jak inhibitors currently in clinical development. Finally, intersection between Jak/Stat and the levels of serum cytokines are presented and discussed as they relate to susceptibility to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Maranto
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Prostate Cancer Center of Excellence at Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Cornella-Taracido I, Garcia-Echeverria C. Monovalent protein-degraders - Insights and future perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127202. [PMID: 32331933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of interfering with dysregulated proteins by inducing its selective degradation has been pursued using different mechanisms. In the present article, we review representative examples of monovalent protein-degraders that, contrary to the proteolysis targeting chimeras, achieve target degradation without displaying recognition motifs for the recruitment of E3 ubiquitin ligases. We also highlight new technologies and assays that may brought to bear on the discovery of common elements that could predict and enable the selective degradation of pathogenic targets by monovalent protein-degraders. The successful application of these methods would pave the way to the advancement of new drugs with unique efficacy and tolerability properties.
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7
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Dihydrotestosterone promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation by activating the STAT5 pathway via androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:2293-2301. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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9
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Trivedi S, Starz-Gaiano M. Drosophila Jak/STAT Signaling: Regulation and Relevance in Human Cancer and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124056. [PMID: 30558204 PMCID: PMC6320922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three-decades, Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling has emerged as a paradigm to understand the involvement of signal transduction in development and disease pathology. At the molecular level, cytokines and interleukins steer Jak/STAT signaling to transcriptional regulation of target genes, which are involved in cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Jak/STAT signaling is involved in various types of blood cell disorders and cancers in humans, and its activation is associated with carcinomas that are more invasive or likely to become metastatic. Despite immense information regarding Jak/STAT regulation, the signaling network has numerous missing links, which is slowing the progress towards developing drug therapies. In mammals, many components act in this cascade, with substantial cross-talk with other signaling pathways. In Drosophila, there are fewer pathway components, which has enabled significant discoveries regarding well-conserved regulatory mechanisms. Work across species illustrates the relevance of these regulators in humans. In this review, we showcase fundamental Jak/STAT regulation mechanisms in blood cells, stem cells, and cell motility. We examine the functional relevance of key conserved regulators from Drosophila to human cancer stem cells and metastasis. Finally, we spotlight less characterized regulators of Drosophila Jak/STAT signaling, which stand as promising candidates to be investigated in cancer biology. These comparisons illustrate the value of using Drosophila as a model for uncovering the roles of Jak/STAT signaling and the molecular means by which the pathway is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Trivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Michelle Starz-Gaiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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10
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Cai Z, Chen W, Zhang J, Li H. Androgen receptor: what we know and what we expect in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1753-1764. [PMID: 30128923 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is an important therapy for prostate cancer (PCa) in aging men. Under the background of castration, it is inevitable that prostate cancer will develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which has a high mortality rate, after 2-3 years. Androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in PCa development and is essential to CRPC. More recent research studies have reported that the development of CRPC is largely due to altered mechanisms related to AR, so it is important for us to understand the roles of AR and detailed AR-related mechanisms in CRPC. The multiple AR-related mechanisms promoting the development of CRPC are as follows: (1) enhanced transformation and increased synthesis of intratumoral androgen; (2) AR overexpression, which enables CRPC to be hypersensitive to low levels of androgen; (3) AR cofactors, which enhanced AR transactivation; (4) AR-spliced variants, which mediated downstream gene expression without androgen; (5) the interaction between the AR pathway and classic tumor-related pathways; and» (6) AR mutations, which reduced AR specificity and enhanced AR transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Cai
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Gordevičius J, Kriščiūnas A, Groot DE, Yip SM, Susic M, Kwan A, Kustra R, Joshua AM, Chi KN, Petronis A, Oh G. Cell-Free DNA Modification Dynamics in Abiraterone Acetate-Treated Prostate Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3317-3324. [PMID: 29615462 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Primary resistance to abiraterone acetate (AA), a key medication for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, occurs in 20% to 40% of patients. We aim to identify predictive biomarkers for AA-treatment response and understand the mechanisms related to treatment resistance.Experimental Design: We used the Infinium Human Methylation 450K BeadChip to monitor modification profiles of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) in 108 plasma samples collected from 33 AA-treated patients.Results: Thirty cytosines showed significant modification differences (FDR Q < 0.05) between AA-sensitive and AA-resistant patients during the treatment, of which 21 cytosines were differentially modified prior to treatment. In addition, AA-sensitive patients, but not AA-resistant patients, lost interindividual variation of cfDNA modification shortly after starting AA treatment, but such variation returned to initial levels in the later phases of treatment.Conclusions: Our findings provide a list of potential biomarkers for predicting AA-treatment response, highlight the prognostic value of using cytosine modification variance as biomarkers, and shed new insights into the mechanisms of prostate cancer relapse in AA-sensitive patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3317-24. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juozas Gordevičius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Kriščiūnas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daniel E Groot
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven M Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miki Susic
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Kwan
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafal Kustra
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Kinghorn Cancer Center, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim N Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Art Petronis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriel Oh
- The Krembil Family Epigenetics Laboratory, The Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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Goffin V. Prolactin receptor targeting in breast and prostate cancers: New insights into an old challenge. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:111-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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ETS Related Gene mediated Androgen Receptor Aggregation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Prostate Cancer Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1109. [PMID: 28439080 PMCID: PMC5430720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of deregulated ERG in prostate cancer and other cancers continue to enhance its role in cancer biology and its utility as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Here, we show that ERG, through its physical interaction with androgen receptor, induces AR aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the prostate glands of ERG transgenic mice. Histomorphological alterations and the expression of ER stress sensors Atf6, Ire1α, Perk, their downstream effectors Grp78/BiP and eIF2α in ERG transgenic mouse prostate glands indicate the presence of chronic ER stress. Transient activation of apoptotic cell death during early age correlated well with the differential regulation of ER stress sensors, in particular Perk. Epithelial cells derived from ERG transgenic mouse prostates have increased prostasphere formation with resistance to radiation induced cell death. Continued activation of cell survival factors, Atf6 and Ire1α during chronic ER stress due to presence of ERG in prostate epithelium induces survival pathways and provides a selection pressure in the continuum of ERG dependent neoplastic process. These novel insights will enhance the understanding of the mechanistic functions of ERG in prostate tumor biology and towards development of early targeted therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer.
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14
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Hoang DT, Iczkowski KA, Kilari D, See W, Nevalainen MT. Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles. Oncotarget 2017; 8:3724-3745. [PMID: 27741508 PMCID: PMC5356914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hoang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepak Kilari
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William See
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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15
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Lu J, Wang W, Xu M, Li Y, Chen C, Wang X. A global view of regulatory networks in lung cancer: An approach to understand homogeneity and heterogeneity. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 42:31-38. [PMID: 27894849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of new biotechnologies are used to identify potential biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer, enabling a personalized therapy to be developed in response. The combinatorial cross-regulation of hundreds of biological function-specific transcription factors (TFs) is defined as the understanding of regulatory networks of molecules within the cell. Here we integrated global databases with 537 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), 140 with lung squamous carcinoma (SCC), 9 with lung large-cell carcinoma (LCC), 56 with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 590 without cancer with the understanding of TF functions. The present review aims at the homogeneity or heterogeneity of gene expression profiles among subtypes of lung cancer. About 5, 136, 52, or 16 up-regulated or 19, 24, 122, or 97down-regulated type-special TF genes were identified in ADC, SCC, LCC or SCLC, respectively. DNA-binding and transcription regulator activity associated genes play a dominant role in the differentiation of subtypes in lung cancer. Subtype-specific TF gene regulatory networks with elements should be an alternative for diagnostic and therapeutic targets for early identification of lung cancer and can provide insightful clues to etiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - William Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Menglin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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16
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Talati PG, Gu L, Ellsworth EM, Girondo MA, Trerotola M, Hoang DT, Leiby B, Dagvadorj A, McCue PA, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, Gomella L, Aplin AE, Languino L, Fatatis A, Rui H, Nevalainen MT. Jak2-Stat5a/b Signaling Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem-Like Cell Properties in Prostate Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:2505-22. [PMID: 26362718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Active Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and disease-specific death in prostate cancer (PC), which both typically are caused by development of metastatic disease. Herein, we demonstrate that Stat5a/b induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells, as shown by Stat5a/b regulation of EMT marker expression (Twist1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin) in PC cell lines, xenograft tumors in vivo, and patient-derived PCs ex vivo using organ explant cultures. Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling induced functional end points of EMT as well, indicated by disruption of epithelial cell monolayers and increased migration and adhesion of PC cells to fibronectin. Knockdown of Twist1 suppressed Jak2-Stat5a/b-induced EMT properties of PC cells, which were rescued by re-introduction of Twist1, indicating that Twist1 mediates Stat5a/b-induced EMT in PC cells. While promoting EMT, Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling induced stem-like properties in PC cells, such as sphere formation and expression of cancer stem cell markers, including BMI1. Mechanistically, both Twist1 and BMI1 were critical for Stat5a/b induction of stem-like features, because genetic knockdown of Twist1 suppressed Stat5a/b-induced BMI1 expression and sphere formation in stem cell culture conditions, which were rescued by re-introduction of BMI1. By using human prolactin knock-in mice, we demonstrate that prolactin-Stat5a/b signaling promoted metastases formation of PC cells in vivo. In conclusion, our data support the concept that Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling promotes metastatic progression of PC by inducing EMT and stem cell properties in PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja G Talati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elyse M Ellsworth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie A Girondo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayush Dagvadorj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Costas D Lallas
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard Gomella
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucia Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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