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Habowski AN, Budagavi DP, Scherer SD, Aurora AB, Caligiuri G, Flynn WF, Langer EM, Brody JR, Sears RC, Foggetti G, Arnal Estape A, Nguyen DX, Politi KA, Shen X, Hsu DS, Peehl DM, Kurhanewicz J, Sriram R, Suarez M, Xiao S, Du Y, Li XN, Navone NM, Labanca E, Willey CD. Patient-Derived Models of Cancer in the NCI PDMC Consortium: Selection, Pitfalls, and Practical Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:565. [PMID: 38339316 PMCID: PMC10854945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For over a century, early researchers sought to study biological organisms in a laboratory setting, leading to the generation of both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Patient-derived models of cancer (PDMCs) have more recently come to the forefront of preclinical cancer models and are even finding their way into clinical practice as part of functional precision medicine programs. The PDMC Consortium, supported by the Division of Cancer Biology in the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, seeks to understand the biological principles that govern the various PDMC behaviors, particularly in response to perturbagens, such as cancer therapeutics. Based on collective experience from the consortium groups, we provide insight regarding PDMCs established both in vitro and in vivo, with a focus on practical matters related to developing and maintaining key cancer models through a series of vignettes. Although every model has the potential to offer valuable insights, the choice of the right model should be guided by the research question. However, recognizing the inherent constraints in each model is crucial. Our objective here is to delineate the strengths and limitations of each model as established by individual vignettes. Further advances in PDMCs and the development of novel model systems will enable us to better understand human biology and improve the study of human pathology in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Habowski
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Deepthi P. Budagavi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Sandra D. Scherer
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Arin B. Aurora
- Children’s Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY 11724, USA; (A.N.H.); (D.P.B.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Ellen M. Langer
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | | | - Anna Arnal Estape
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Don X. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (D.X.N.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Katerina A. Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (D.X.N.); (K.A.P.)
| | - Xiling Shen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - David S. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.M.P.); (J.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Sophie Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Yuchen Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.S.); (S.X.); (Y.D.); (X.-N.L.)
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.M.N.)
| | - Estefania Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.M.N.)
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Jones S, Ashworth JC, Meakin M, Collier P, Probert C, Ritchie AA, Merry CLR, Grabowska AM. Application of a 3D hydrogel-based model to replace use of animals for passaging patient-derived xenografts. IN VITRO MODELS 2023; 2:99-111. [PMID: 37808200 PMCID: PMC10550889 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-023-00048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This 3D in vitro cancer model for propagation of patient-derived cells, using a synthetic self-assembling peptide gel, allows the formation of a fully characterised, tailorable tumour microenvironment. Unlike many existing 3D cancer models, the peptide gel is inert, apart from molecules and motifs deliberately added or produced by cells within the model. Methods Breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were disaggregated and embedded in a peptide hydrogel. Growth was monitored by microscopic examination and at intervals, cells were extracted from the gels and passaged on into fresh gels. Passaged cells were assessed by qPCR and immunostaining techniques for the retention of characteristic markers. Results Breast cancer PDXs were shown to be capable of expansion over four or more passages in the peptide gel. Contaminating mouse cells were found to be rapidly removed by successive passages. The resulting human cells were shown to be compatible with a range of common assays useful for assessing survival, growth and maintenance of heterogeneity. Conclusions Based on these findings, the hydrogel has the potential to provide an effective and practical breast cancer model for the passage of PDXs which will have the added benefits of being relatively cheap, fully-defined and free from the use of animals or animal products. Encapsulated cells will require further validation to confirm the maintenance of cell heterogeneity, genotypes and phenotypes across passage, but with further development, including the addition of bespoke cell and matrix components of the tumour microenvironment, there is clear potential to model other cancer types. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44164-023-00048-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sal Jones
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer C. Ashworth
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marian Meakin
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pamela Collier
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine Probert
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison A. Ritchie
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Catherine L. R. Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna M. Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Kehrberg RJ, Bhyravbhatla N, Batra SK, Kumar S. Epigenetic regulation of cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188901. [PMID: 37120098 PMCID: PMC10375465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a significant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), contribute to cancer progression through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), growth factors, and metabolites. It is now well recognized that CAFs are a heterogenous population with ablation experiments leading to reduced tumor growth and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrating CAF subgroups. CAFs lack genetic mutations yet substantially differ from their normal stromal precursors. Here, we review epigenetic changes in CAF maturation, focusing on DNA methylation and histone modifications. DNA methylation changes in CAFs have been demonstrated globally, while roles of methylation at specific genes affect tumor growth. Further, loss of CAF histone methylation and gain of histone acetylation has been shown to promote CAF activation and tumor promotion. Many CAF activating factors, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), lead to these epigenetic changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as targets and orchestrators of epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET), an epigenetic reader, recognizes histone acetylation and activates the transcription of genes leading to the pro-tumor phenotype of CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Kehrberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Namita Bhyravbhatla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Xu X, Kumari R, Zhou J, Chen J, Mao B, Wang J, Zheng M, Tu X, An X, Chen X, Zhang L, Tian X, Wang H, Dong X, Bao Z, Guo S, Ouyang X, Shang L, Wang F, Yan X, Zhang R, Vries RGJ, Clevers H, Li QX. A living biobank of matched pairs of patient-derived xenografts and organoids for cancer pharmacology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279821. [PMID: 36602988 PMCID: PMC9815646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX)/organoid (PDO), driven by cancer stem cells (CSC), are considered the most predictive models for translational oncology. Large PDX collections reflective of patient populations have been created and used extensively to test various investigational therapies, including population-trials as surrogate subjects in vivo. PDOs are recognized as in vitro surrogates for patients amenable for high-throughput screening (HTS). We have built a biobank of carcinoma PDX-derived organoids (PDXOs) by converting an existing PDX library and confirmed high degree of similarities between PDXOs and parental PDXs in genomics, histopathology and pharmacology, suggesting "biological equivalence or interchangeability" between the two. Here we demonstrate the applications of PDXO biobank for HTS "matrix" screening for both lead compounds and indications, immune cell co-cultures for immune-therapies and engineering enables in vitro/in vivo imaging. This large biobank of >550 matched pairs of PDXs/PDXOs across different cancers could become powerful tools for the future cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xu
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Rajendra Kumari
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhou
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Binchen Mao
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Xiaolong Tu
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu An
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Xiaoli Tian
- Shanghai Yihao Biological Technology, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Suzhou NeoLogics Bioscience Co, LTD, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Suzhou NeoLogics Bioscience Co, LTD, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Fei Wang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefei Yan
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Taicang City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Robert G. J. Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qi-Xiang Li
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sharpe BP, Hayden A, Manousopoulou A, Cowie A, Walker RC, Harrington J, Izadi F, Breininger SP, Gibson J, Pickering O, Jaynes E, Kyle E, Saunders JH, Parsons SL, Ritchie AA, Clarke PA, Collier P, Mongan NP, Bates DO, Yacqub-Usman K, Garbis SD, Walters Z, Rose-Zerilli M, Grabowska AM, Underwood TJ. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors enhance chemotherapy in preclinical models of esophageal adenocarcinoma by targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100541. [PMID: 35732148 PMCID: PMC9244979 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapy resistance of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) is underpinned by cancer cell extrinsic mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We demonstrate that, by targeting the tumor-promoting functions of the predominant TME cell type, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i), we can enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care chemotherapy. In ex vivo conditions, PDE5i prevent the transdifferentiation of normal fibroblasts to CAF and abolish the tumor-promoting function of established EAC CAFs. Using shotgun proteomics and single-cell RNA-seq, we reveal PDE5i-specific regulation of pathways related to fibroblast activation and tumor promotion. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of PDE5i in combination with chemotherapy in close-to-patient and in vivo PDX-based model systems. These findings demonstrate that CAFs drive chemotherapy resistance in EACs and can be targeted by repurposing PDE5i, a safe and well-tolerated class of drug administered to millions of patients world-wide to treat erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Sharpe
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Annette Hayden
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Andrew Cowie
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Robert C Walker
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jack Harrington
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Fereshteh Izadi
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stella P Breininger
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jane Gibson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Oliver Pickering
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Eleanor Jaynes
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ewan Kyle
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - John H Saunders
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Simon L Parsons
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Alison A Ritchie
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pamela Collier
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - David O Bates
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kiren Yacqub-Usman
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Zoë Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew Rose-Zerilli
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Timothy J Underwood
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room CS B2, MP824, Somers Cancer Research Building, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Qu F, Zhao S, Cheng G, Rahman H, Xiao Q, Chan RWY, Ho YP. Double emulsion-pretreated microwell culture for the in vitro production of multicellular spheroids and their in situ analysis. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34567752 PMCID: PMC8433470 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have served as a promising preclinical model for drug efficacy testing and disease modeling. Many microfluidic technologies, including those based on water-oil-water double emulsions, have been introduced for the production of spheroids. However, sustained culture and the in situ characterization of the generated spheroids are currently unavailable for the double emulsion-based spheroid model. This study presents a streamlined workflow, termed the double emulsion-pretreated microwell culture (DEPMiC), incorporating the features of (1) effective initiation of uniform-sized multicellular spheroids by the pretreatment of double emulsions produced by microfluidics without the requirement of biomaterial scaffolds; (2) sustained maintenance and culture of the produced spheroids with facile removal of the oil confinement; and (3) in situ characterization of individual spheroids localized in microwells by a built-in analytical station. Characterized by microscopic observations and Raman spectroscopy, the DEPMiC cultivated spheroids accumulated elevated lipid ordering on the apical membrane, similar to that observed in their Matrigel counterparts. Made possible by the proposed technological advancement, this study subsequently examined the drug responses of these in vitro-generated multicellular spheroids. The developed DEPMiC platform is expected to generate health benefits in personalized cancer treatment by offering a pre-animal tool to dissect heterogeneity from individual tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyang Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guangyao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinru Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renee Wan Yi Chan
- CUHK-UMCU Joint Research Laboratory of Respiratory Virus and Immunobiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhu L, Li J, Ma S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in non-small cell lung cancer: Recent advances and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2021; 514:38-47. [PMID: 34019960 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the majority of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Nearly 70% of NSCLC patients were diagnosed at advanced stage with only 15% of five-year survival rate. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major component of tumor microenvironment and account for almost 70% of the cells in tumor tissues. By the crosstalk with cancer cells, CAFs reprogrammed cancer cell metabolism, remodeled extracellular matrix (ECM) and created a supportive niche for cancer stem cells. CAFs lead collective invasion of tumor cells and shape tumor immune microenvironment, promoting tumor metastasis and immune escape. In this review, we have summarized the progress of studies regarding CAFs influences on NSCLC in recent five years from the aspects of cell growth, metabolism, therapy resistance, invasion and metastasis and immune suppression. We have discussed the involved mechanisms and implications for the development of anti-NSCLC therapies. The current strategies of CAFs targeting and elimination have also been generalized. Only better understanding of the molecular biology of CAFs may contribute to the development of novel anti-NSCLC strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhang
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Hangzhou Cancer Institution, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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9
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Nasir A, Cardall A, Othman RT, Nicolaou N, Lourdusamy A, Linke F, Onion D, Ryzhova M, Cameron H, Valente C, Ritchie A, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Grabowska AM, Kerr ID, Coyle B. ABCB1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic target to block TWIST1-induced migration in medulloblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab030. [PMID: 33948561 PMCID: PMC8080134 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic intervention in metastatic medulloblastoma is dependent on elucidating the underlying metastatic mechanism. We investigated whether an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like pathway could drive medulloblastoma metastasis. Methods A 3D Basement Membrane Extract (3D-BME) model was used to investigate medulloblastoma cell migration. Cell line growth was quantified with AlamarBlue metabolic assays and the morphology assessed by time-lapse imaging. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and protein expression by immunohistochemistry of patient tissue microarrays and mouse orthotopic xenografts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to determine whether the EMT transcription factor TWIST1 bound to the promoter of the multidrug pump ABCB1. TWIST1 was overexpressed in MED6 cells by lentiviral transduction (MED6-TWIST1). Inhibition of ABCB1 was mediated by vardenafil, and TWIST1 expression was reduced by either Harmine or shRNA. Results Metastatic cells migrated to form large metabolically active aggregates, whereas non-tumorigenic/non-metastatic cells formed small aggregates with decreasing metabolic activity. TWIST1 expression was upregulated in the 3D-BME model. TWIST1 and ABCB1 were significantly associated with metastasis in patients (P = .041 and P = .04, respectively). High nuclear TWIST1 expression was observed in the invasive edge of the MED1 orthotopic model, and TWIST1 knockdown in cell lines was associated with reduced cell migration (P < .05). TWIST1 bound to the ABCB1 promoter (P = .03) and induced cell aggregation in metastatic and TWIST1-overexpressing, non-metastatic (MED6-TWIST1) cells, which was significantly attenuated by vardenafil (P < .05). Conclusions In this study, we identified a TWIST1–ABCB1 signaling axis during medulloblastoma migration, which can be therapeutically targeted with the clinically approved ABCB1 inhibitor, vardenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Nasir
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alice Cardall
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ramadhan T Othman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Niovi Nicolaou
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Onion
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marina Ryzhova
- Department of Neuropathology, NN Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hanna Cameron
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cara Valente
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alison Ritchie
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Cooperation Unit Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Pediatric Neurooncology and Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Pal A, Ashworth JC, Collier P, Probert C, Jones S, Leza EP, Meakin ML, A. Ritchie A, Onion D, Clarke PA, Allegrucci C, Grabowska AM. A 3D Heterotypic Breast Cancer Model Demonstrates a Role for Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Driving a Proliferative and Invasive Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2290. [PMID: 32824003 PMCID: PMC7465555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous indirect 2D co-culture studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote breast cancer (BC) progression through secretion of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In order to investigate this aspect of the tumour microenvironment in a more relevant 3D co-culture model, spheroids incorporating breast cancer cells (BCCs), both cell lines and primary BCCs expanded as patient-derived xenografts, and MSCs were established. MSCs in co-cultures were shown to enhance proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive BCCs. In addition, co-culture resulted in downregulation of E-cadherin in parallel with upregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-relation transcription factor, SNAIL. Cytoplasmic relocalization of ski-related novel protein N (SnON), a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling, and of β-catenin, involved in a number of pathways including Wnt signalling, was also observed in BCCs in co-cultures in contrast to monocultures. In addition, the β-catenin inhibitor, 3-[[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino]-benzoic acid methyl ester (MSAB), mediated reduced growth and invasion in the co-cultures. This study highlights the potential role for SnON as a biomarker for BC invasiveness, and the importance of interactions between TGF-β and Wnt signalling, involving SnON. Such pathways may contribute towards identifying possible targets for therapeutic intervention in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Pal
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Jennifer C. Ashworth
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Pamela Collier
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Catherine Probert
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Sal Jones
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Eduardo Pernaut Leza
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Marian L. Meakin
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Alison A. Ritchie
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - David Onion
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK;
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- SVMS, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Anna M. Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (A.P.); (J.C.A.); (P.C.); (C.P.); (S.J.); (E.P.L.); (M.L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.A.C.)
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11
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Mohamed HT, El-Ghonaimy EA, El-Shinawi M, Hosney M, Götte M, Woodward WA, El-Mamlouk T, Mohamed MM. IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 regulate proteolytic activity in triple negative inflammatory breast cancer a mechanism that might be modulated by Src and Erk1/2. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115092. [PMID: 32512068 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly metastatic and lethal breast cancer. As many as 25-30% of IBCs are triple negative (TN) and associated with low survival rates and poor prognosis. We found that the microenvironment of IBC is characterized by high infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and by over-expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB). TAMs in IBC secrete high levels of the cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) compared to non-IBC patients. Herein, we tested the roles of IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 in modulating proteolytic activity and invasiveness of TN-non-IBC as compared to TN-IBC and addressed the underlying molecular mechanism(s) for both cytokines. Quantitative real time PCR results showed that IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 were significantly overexpressed in tissues of TN-IBCs. IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 induced CTSB expression and activity of the p-Src and p-Erk1/2 signaling pathways relevant for invasion and metastasis in TN-non-IBC, HCC70 cells and TN-IBC, SUM149 cells. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of p-Src, and U0126, an inhibitor of p-Erk1/2, down-regulated invasion and expression of CTSB by HCC70 and SUM149 cells, a mechanism that is reversed by IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2. Our study shows that targeting the cytokines IL-8 and MCP-1/CCL2 and associated signaling molecules may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in TN-IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Eslam A El-Ghonaimy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tahani El-Mamlouk
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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12
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Ruzycka M, Cimpan MR, Rios-Mondragon I, Grudzinski IP. Microfluidics for studying metastatic patterns of lung cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:71. [PMID: 31133019 PMCID: PMC6537392 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer continues to rise worldwide. Because the aggressive metastasis of lung cancer cells is the major drawback of successful therapies, the crucial challenge of modern nanomedicine is to develop diagnostic tools to map the molecular mechanisms of metastasis in lung cancer patients. In recent years, microfluidic platforms have been given much attention as tools for novel point-of-care diagnostic, an important aspect being the reconstruction of the body organs and tissues mimicking the in vivo conditions in one simple microdevice. Herein, we present the first comprehensive overview of the microfluidic systems used as innovative tools in the studies of lung cancer metastasis including single cancer cell analysis, endothelial transmigration, distant niches migration and finally neoangiogenesis. The application of the microfluidic systems to study the intercellular crosstalk between lung cancer cells and surrounding tumor microenvironment and the connection with multiple molecular signals coming from the external cellular matrix are discussed. We also focus on recent breakthrough technologies regarding lab-on-chip devices that serve as tools for detecting circulating lung cancer cells. The superiority of microfluidic systems over traditional in vitro cell-based assays with regard to modern nanosafety studies and new cancer drug design and discovery is also addressed. Finally, the current progress and future challenges regarding printable and paper-based microfluidic devices for personalized nanomedicine are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ruzycka
- Department of Applied Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mihaela R Cimpan
- Biomaterials - Department for Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Biomaterials - Department for Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Applied Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Flørenes VA, Flem-Karlsen K, McFadden E, Bergheim IR, Nygaard V, Nygård V, Farstad IN, Øy GF, Emilsen E, Giller-Fleten K, Ree AH, Flatmark K, Gullestad HP, Hermann R, Ryder T, Wernhoff P, Mælandsmo GM. A Three-dimensional Ex Vivo Viability Assay Reveals a Strong Correlation Between Response to Targeted Inhibitors and Mutation Status in Melanoma Lymph Node Metastases. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:951-958. [PMID: 31096111 PMCID: PMC6520638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although clinical management of melanoma has changed considerably in recent years, intrinsic treatment resistance remains a severe problem and strategies to design personal treatment regimens are highly warranted. We have applied a three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo drug efficacy assay, exposing disaggregated cells from 38 freshly harvested melanoma lymph node metastases and 21 patient derived xenografts (PDXs) to clinical relevant drugs for 7 days, and examined its potential to evaluate therapy response. A strong association between Vemurafenib response and BRAF mutation status was achieved (P < .0001), while enhanced viability was seen in some NRAS mutated tumors. BRAF and NRAS mutated tumors responded comparably to the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib. Based on the ex vivo results, two tumors diagnosed as BRAF wild-type by routine pathology examinations had to be re-evaluated; one was subsequently found to have a complex V600E mutation, the other a double BRAF mutation (V600E/K601 N). No BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms were identified, but PIK3CA and NF1 mutations were identified in two highly responsive tumors. Concordance between ex vivo drug responses using tissue from PDXs and corresponding patient tumors demonstrate that PDX models represent an indefinite source of tumor material that may allow ex vivo evaluation of numerous drugs and combinations, as well as studies of underlying molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, we have established a rapid and low cost ex vivo drug efficacy assay applicable on tumor tissue from patient biopsies. The 3D/spheroid format, limiting the influence from normal adjacent cells and allowing assessment of drug sensitivity to numerous drugs in one week, confirms its potential as a supplement to guide clinical decision, in particular in identifying non-responding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Erin McFadden
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Riise Bergheim
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Nygaard
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Nygård
- Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Nina Farstad
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Frode Øy
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Emilsen
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Giller-Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, N-1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Petter Gullestad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Hermann
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Ryder
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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14
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Saini F, Argent RH, Grabowska AM. Sonic Hedgehog Ligand: A Role in Formation of a Mesenchymal Niche in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:E424. [PMID: 31072042 PMCID: PMC6563044 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by desmoplasia, thought to support progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. The Hedgehog pathway is known to play an important role in this cancer. While the upregulation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the epithelium of PDAC is known, we investigated its expression in the tumour microenvironment in order to find new targets for new chemotherapeutical approaches. Immunohistochemistry was used for the investigation of Shh and Vimentin in primary human pancreatic tissues. Gene (qRT-PCR) and protein (immunofluorescence) expression of Shh, αSMA (a marker of the mesenchymal phenotype) and periostin (a marker of mesenchymal cells within a mixed population) were investigated in in vitro cell models. Shh expression was significantly upregulated in the stromal and epithelial compartments of poorly-differentiated PDAC samples, with a strong correlation with the amount of stroma present. Characterisation of stromal cells showed that there was expression of Shh ligand in a mixed population comprising αSMA+ myofibroblasts and αSMA- mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, we demonstrated the interaction between these cell lines by showing a higher rate of mesenchymal cell proliferation and the upregulation of periostin. Therefore, targeting stromal Shh could affect the equilibrium of the tumour microenvironment and its contribution to tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saini
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Richard H Argent
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Ex Vivo Cancer Pharmacology Centre of Excellence, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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15
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Saengwimol D, Rojanaporn D, Chaitankar V, Chittavanich P, Aroonroch R, Boontawon T, Thammachote W, Jinawath N, Hongeng S, Kaewkhaw R. A three-dimensional organoid model recapitulates tumorigenic aspects and drug responses of advanced human retinoblastoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15664. [PMID: 30353124 PMCID: PMC6199308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent or recurrent retinoblastoma (RB) is associated with the presence of vitreous or/and subretinal seeds in advanced RB and represents a major cause of therapeutic failure. This necessitates the development of novel therapies and thus requires a model of advanced RB for testing candidate therapeutics. To this aim, we established and characterized a three-dimensional, self-organizing organoid model derived from chemotherapy-naïve tumors. The responses of organoids to drugs were determined and compared to relate organoid model to advanced RB, in terms of drug sensitivities. We found that organoids had histological features resembling retinal tumors and seeds and retained DNA copy-number alterations as well as gene and protein expression of the parental tissue. Cone signal circuitry (M/L+ cells) and glial tumor microenvironment (GFAP+ cells) were primarily present in organoids. Topotecan alone or the combined drug regimen of topotecan and melphalan effectively targeted proliferative tumor cones (RXRγ+ Ki67+) in organoids after 24-h drug exposure, blocking mitotic entry. In contrast, methotrexate showed the least efficacy against tumor cells. The drug responses of organoids were consistent with those of tumor cells in advanced disease. Patient-derived organoids enable the creation of a faithful model to use in examining novel therapeutics for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangporn Saengwimol
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vijender Chaitankar
- Bioinformatics Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA
| | - Pamorn Chittavanich
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rangsima Aroonroch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatpong Boontawon
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerin Thammachote
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rossukon Kaewkhaw
- Section for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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16
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Drug screening of biopsy-derived spheroids using a self-generated microfluidic concentration gradient. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14672. [PMID: 30279484 PMCID: PMC6168499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing drug screening of tissue derived from cancer patient biopsies using physiologically relevant 3D tumour models presents challenges due to the limited amount of available cell material. Here, we present a microfluidic platform that enables drug screening of cancer cell-enriched multicellular spheroids derived from tumour biopsies, allowing extensive anticancer compound screening prior to treatment. This technology was validated using cell lines and then used to screen primary human prostate cancer cells, grown in 3D as a heterogeneous culture from biopsy-derived tissue. The technology enabled the formation of repeatable drug concentration gradients across an array of spheroids without external fluid actuation, delivering simultaneously a range of drug concentrations to multiple sized spheroids, as well as replicates for each concentration. As proof-of-concept screening, spheroids were generated from two patient biopsies and a panel of standard-of-care compounds for prostate cancer were tested. Brightfield and fluorescence images were analysed to provide readouts of spheroid growth and health, as well as drug efficacy over time. Overall, this technology could prove a useful tool for personalised medicine and future drug development, with the potential to provide cost- and time-reduction in the healthcare delivery.
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17
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Ding Q, Xing Y, Xu Z, Lu C, Luo D, Xu L, Xia W, Zhou C, Shi M. Establishment of patient-derived tumor spheroids for non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194016. [PMID: 29543851 PMCID: PMC5854348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is poor. One of the reasons for this hampered progress has been a lack of in vitro models that would faithfully recapitulate the heterogeneity of tumors and response to treatment. In this study, surgically resected tumors were obtained from patients with stage I/II NSCLC during curative-intent surgery. Using a 3D patient-derived tumor spheroids culture system, our results demonstrate successful long-term expansion of primary NSCLC cells in vitro (> 120 days). Patient-derived tumor spheroid (PDS) cultures could be established with a success rate of 100% (3 out of 3 samples). Consistent with their growth in culture and their cancer type, many cells within the tumor spheroids were stained positive for Ki67 and thyroid transcription factor-1. The result of this study supports the establishment of an expandable 3D in vitro NSCLC model for drug screening, and enables the potential long term studies such as the establishment of drug resistant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huiqian Wang
- Invitrocue Biomedical Service Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qifeng Ding
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Xing
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun Lu
- Invitrocue Biomedical Service Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Luo
- Invitrocue Biomedical Service Suzhou, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Longjiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (MS); (CZ)
| | - Minhua Shi
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (MS); (CZ)
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18
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Saunders JH, Onion D, Collier P, Dorrington MS, Argent RH, Clarke PA, Reece-Smith AM, Parsons SL, Grabowska AM. Individual patient oesophageal cancer 3D models for tailored treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24224-24236. [PMID: 27736801 PMCID: PMC5421842 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A model to predict chemotherapy response would provide a marked clinical benefit, enabling tailored treatment of oesophageal cancer, where less than half of patients respond to the routinely administered chemotherapy. Methods Cancer cells were established from tumour biopsies taken from individual patients about to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A 3D-tumour growth assay (3D-TGA) was developed, in which cancer cells were grown with or without supporting mesenchymal cells, then subjected to chemo-sensitivity testing using the standard chemotherapy administered in clinic, and a novel emerging HDAC inhibitor, Panobinostat. RESULTS Individual patients cancer cells could be expanded and screened within a clinically applicable timescale of 3 weeks. Incorporating mesenchymal support within the 3D-TGA significantly enhanced both the growth and drug resistance profiles of the patients cancer cells. The ex vivo drug response in the presence, but not absence, of mesenchymal cells accurately reflected clinical chemo-sensitivity, as measured by tumour regression grade. Combination with Panobinostat enhanced response and proved efficacious in otherwise chemo-resistant tumours. Conclusions This novel method of establishing individual patient oesophageal cancers in the laboratory, from small endoscopic biopsies, enables clinically-relevant chemo-sensitivity testing, and reduces use of animals by providing more refined in vitro models for pre-screening of drugs. The 3D-TGA accurately predicted chemo-sensitivity in patients, and could be developed to guide tailored patient treatment. The incorporation of mesenchymal cells as the stromal cell component of the tumour micro-environment had a significant effect upon enhancing chemotherapy drug resistance in oesophageal cancer, and could prove a useful target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Saunders
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Upper GI Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - David Onion
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pamela Collier
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew S Dorrington
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard H Argent
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip A Clarke
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex M Reece-Smith
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Upper GI Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon L Parsons
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Upper GI Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Makita Y, Teratani M, Murata S, Hoashi Y, Matsumoto S, Kawamata Y. Antitumor activity of kinetochore-associated protein 2 siRNA against lung cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541240 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely reported that patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) are more similar to tumor tissues than conventional cancer cell lines. Kinetochore-associated protein 2 (KNTC2) is known to be upregulated specifically in tumor tissues of cancer patients and is recognized as a potential target for cancer therapy. Previously, in vivo antitumor activities of KNTC2 short interfering RNA encapsulated into a lipid nanoparticle (KNTC2-LNP) were reported in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models. However, it remains unclear whether KNTC2-LNP exhibits antitumor activities against lung cancer PDXs. In the present study, the antitumor activities of KNTC2-LNP were clarified in a three-dimensional culture system and a subcutaneous tumor model of lung cancer PDX, LC-60, which was resistant to erlotinib. Growth inhibitory activities of KNTC2-LNP were associated with knockdown activities. Furthermore, KNTC2-LNP also exhibited in vivo antitumor activity against another lung cancer PDX, LC-45, which was sensitive to erlotinib. These results suggest that KNTC2 is a promising target for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Makita
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mika Teratani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shumpei Murata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hoashi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Kawamata
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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20
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Dondajewska E, Juzwa W, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Heterotypic breast cancer model based on a silk fibroin scaffold to study the tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4935-4950. [PMID: 29435153 PMCID: PMC5797024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An intensive investigation of the development of in vitro models to study tumor biology has led to the generation of various three-dimensional (3D) culture methods that better mimic in vivo conditions. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is shaped by direct interactions among cancer cells, cancer-associated cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recognizing the need to incorporate both tissue dimensionality and the heterogeneity of cells, we have developed a 3D breast cancer model. NIH3T3 fibroblasts and EMT6 breast cancer cell lines were seeded in various ratios onto a silk fibroin scaffold. The porosity of the silk scaffold was optimized to facilitate the growth of cancer cells. EMT6 and NIH3T3 cells were modified to express GFP and turboFP635, respectively, which enabled the direct analysis of the cell morphology and colonization of the scaffold and for the separation of the cells after their co-culture. Use of 3D mono-culture and 3D co-culture methods resulted in the modification of cell morphology and in a significant increase in ECM production. These culture methods also induced cellular changes related to EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and CAF (cancer-associated fibroblast) markers. The presented model is an easy to manufacture, well-characterized tool that can be used to study processes of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Dondajewska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan 61-866, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-806, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan 61-866, Poland
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21
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Zscheppang K, Berg J, Hedtrich S, Verheyen L, Wagner DE, Suttorp N, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC. Human Pulmonary 3D Models For Translational Research. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:1700341. [PMID: 28865134 PMCID: PMC7161817 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases belong to the major causes of death worldwide. Recent innovative methodological developments now allow more and more for the use of primary human tissue and cells to model such diseases. In this regard, the review covers bronchial air-liquid interface cultures, precision cut lung slices as well as ex vivo cultures of explanted peripheral lung tissue and de-/re-cellularization models. Diseases such as asthma or infections are discussed and an outlook on further areas for development is given. Overall, the progress in ex vivo modeling by using primary human material could make translational research activities more efficient by simultaneously fostering the mechanistic understanding of human lung diseases while reducing animal usage in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zscheppang
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Department of BiotechnologyTechnical University of BerlinGustav‐Meyer‐Allee 25Berlin 13335Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for PharmacyPharmacology and ToxicologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Leonie Verheyen
- Institute for PharmacyPharmacology and ToxicologyFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Darcy E. Wagner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Comprehensive Pneumology CenterMember of the German Center for Lung ResearchMunichGermany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Dept. of Internal Medicine/Infectious and Respiratory DiseasesCharité − Universitätsmedizin BerlinCharitèplatz 1Berlin 10117Germany
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22
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Conway JRW, Vennin C, Cazet AS, Herrmann D, Murphy KJ, Warren SC, Wullkopf L, Boulghourjian A, Zaratzian A, Da Silva AM, Pajic M, Morton JP, Cox TR, Timpson P. Three-dimensional organotypic matrices from alternative collagen sources as pre-clinical models for cell biology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16887. [PMID: 29203823 PMCID: PMC5715059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic co-cultures bridge the gap between standard two-dimensional culture and mouse models. Such assays increase the fidelity of pre-clinical studies, to better inform lead compound development and address the increasing attrition rates of lead compounds within the pharmaceutical industry, which are often a result of screening in less faithful two-dimensional models. Using large-scale acid-extraction techniques, we demonstrate a step-by-step process to isolate collagen I from commercially available animal byproducts. Using the well-established rat tail tendon collagen as a benchmark, we apply our novel kangaroo tail tendon collagen as an alternative collagen source for our screening-ready three-dimensional organotypic co-culture platform. Both collagen sources showed equal applicability for invasive, proliferative or survival assessment of well-established cancer models and clinically relevant patient-derived cancer cell lines. Additional readouts were also demonstrated when comparing these alternative collagen sources for stromal contributions to stiffness, organization and ultrastructure via atomic force microscopy, second harmonic generation imaging and scanning electron microscopy, among other vital biological readouts, where only minor differences were found between the preparations. Organotypic co-cultures represent an easy, affordable and scalable model to investigate drug responses within a physiologically relevant 3D platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R W Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Aurélie S Cazet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alice Boulghourjian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Da Silva
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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23
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Ravi M, Ramesh A, Pattabhi A. Contributions of 3D Cell Cultures for Cancer Research. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2679-2697. [PMID: 27791270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines have contributed immensely in understanding the complex physiology of cancers. They are excellent material for studies as they offer homogenous samples without individual variations and can be utilised with ease and flexibility. Also, the number of assays and end-points one can study is almost limitless; with the advantage of improvising, modifying or altering several variables and methods. Literally, a new dimension to cancer research has been achieved by the advent of 3Dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques. This approach increased many folds the ways in which cancer cell lines can be utilised for understanding complex cancer biology. 3D cell culture techniques are now the preferred way of using cancer cell lines to bridge the gap between the 'absolute in vitro' and 'true in vivo'. The aspects of cancer biology that 3D cell culture systems have contributed include morphology, microenvironment, gene and protein expression, invasion/migration/metastasis, angiogenesis, tumour metabolism and drug discovery, testing chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive responses and cancer stem cells. We present here, a comprehensive review on the applications of 3D cell culture systems for these aspects of cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2679-2697, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddaly Ravi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Aarthi Ramesh
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Aishwarya Pattabhi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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24
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Ivanov DP, Coyle B, Walker DA, Grabowska AM. In vitro models of medulloblastoma: Choosing the right tool for the job. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:10-25. [PMID: 27498314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recently-defined four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma have required updating of our understanding of in vitro models to include molecular classification and risk stratification features from clinical practice. This review seeks to build a more comprehensive picture of the in vitro systems available for modelling medulloblastoma. The subtype classification and molecular characterisation for over 40 medulloblastoma cell-lines has been compiled, making it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses in current model systems. Less than half (18/44) of established medulloblastoma cell-lines have been subgrouped. The majority of the subgrouped cell-lines (11/18) are Group 3 with MYC-amplification. SHH cell-lines are the next most common (4/18), half of which exhibit TP53 mutation. WNT and Group 4 subgroups, accounting for 50% of patients, remain underrepresented with 1 and 2 cell-lines respectively. In vitro modelling relies not only on incorporating appropriate tumour cells, but also on using systems with the relevant tissue architecture and phenotype as well as normal tissues. Novel ways of improving the clinical relevance of in vitro models are reviewed, focusing on 3D cell culture, extracellular matrix, co-cultures with normal cells and organotypic slices. This paper champions the establishment of a collaborative online-database and linked cell-bank to catalyse preclinical medulloblastoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delyan P Ivanov
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - David A Walker
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anna M Grabowska
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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25
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Huber JM, Amann A, Koeck S, Lorenz E, Kelm JM, Obexer P, Zwierzina H, Gamerith G. Evaluation of assays for drug efficacy in a three-dimensional model of the lung. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1955-66. [PMID: 27424189 PMCID: PMC4978763 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The focus of the outlined work is the establishment of a three-dimensional lung model for various drug-screening applications. Methods The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line Colo699 was cultivated as monolayer (2D) on plates for 5 days or as microtissues (3D) using a hanging-drop system for 5 and 10 days. Cells and microtissues were treated with afatinib (10–80 µM), cisplatin (100–800 µM) or vinorelbine (25–200 µM) for 24 or 48 hours (h). Cell proliferation and viability were analysed by intra-cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) assays, annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, and cell cycle determination. Microtissue morphology and size, as well as cell death were evaluated via phase contrast microscopy. Results Our results demonstrate the valid determination of viability and cell death using established assays in the 3D system for drug testing. The comparison of ATP, LDH and cytometry data showed moderate (0.40) to very strong (0.99) correlations. Thereby, we observed partially significant differences in drug efficacy between microtissues and 2D cultures dependent from the applied treatment and read-out method. Altogether, microtissues developed resistance to cisplatin and vinorelbine; but remained more vulnerable to afatinib. These findings were confirmed with microscopy. Conclusion In summary, we established an NSCLC 3D test system with multiple assays compatible for drug-testing applications of substances with different mechanisms of action. In addition, our data support the usage of microtissues as more accurate tools for drug-efficacy testing with the possibility of long-term cultivation and treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00432-016-2198-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Huber
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Oncotyrol, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Amann
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Koeck
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edith Lorenz
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Oncotyrol, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jens M Kelm
- InSphero AG, Wagistr. 27, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Petra Obexer
- University Hospital for Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zwierzina
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gamerith
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Oncotyrol, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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