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Li D, Su Y, Liu Y, Duan Q, Chen X. Comment on "Effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory response in patients with cancer and precancerous lesions: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials". Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1075. [PMID: 38049355 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Qiongyu Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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Lepore Signorile M, Grossi V, Fasano C, Simone C. Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention: A Dream Coming True? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087597. [PMID: 37108756 PMCID: PMC10140862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide. CRC development occurs mainly through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, which can last decades, giving the opportunity for primary prevention and early detection. CRC prevention involves different approaches, ranging from fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy screening to chemoprevention. In this review, we discuss the main findings gathered in the field of CRC chemoprevention, focusing on different target populations and on various precancerous lesions that can be used as efficacy evaluation endpoints for chemoprevention. The ideal chemopreventive agent should be well tolerated and easy to administer, with low side effects. Moreover, it should be readily available at a low cost. These properties are crucial because these compounds are meant to be used for a long time in populations with different CRC risk profiles. Several agents have been investigated so far, some of which are currently used in clinical practice. However, further investigation is needed to devise a comprehensive and effective chemoprevention strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Stinson J, McCall C, Dobbs RW, Mistry N, Rosenberg A, Nettey OS, Sharma P, Dixon M, Sweis J, Macias V, Sharifi R, Kittles RA, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Murphy AB. Vitamin D and genetic ancestry are associated with apoptosis rates in benign and malignant prostatic epithelium. Prostate 2023; 83:352-363. [PMID: 36479698 PMCID: PMC9870946 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D metabolites may be protective against prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate associations between in vivo vitamin D status, genetic ancestry, and degree of apoptosis using prostatic epithelial terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Benign and tumor epithelial punch biopsies of participants with clinically localized PCa underwent indirect TUNEL staining. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were assessed immediately before radical prostatectomy; levels of prostatic 25(OH)D were obtained from the specimen once the prostate was extracted. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate the percentage of genetic West African, Native American, and European ancestry. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one newly diagnosed men, age 40-79, were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Serum 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.03), and benign (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.04) prostatic epithelial TUNEL staining. Similarly, prostatic 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.31, p < 0.001) and benign (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.03) epithelial TUNEL staining. Only Native American ancestry was positively correlated with tumor (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.05) and benign (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.02) TUNEL staining. In multivariate regression models, increasing quartiles of prostatic 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, p = 0.04) and Native American ancestry (β = 0.327, p = 0.004) were independently associated with tumor TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic serum and prostatic 25(OH)D levels and Native American ancestry are positively associated with the degree of apoptosis in tumor and benign prostatic epithelium in clinically localized PCa. Vitamin D may have secondary chemoprevention benefits in preventing PCa progression in localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stinson
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Cordero McCall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Neil Mistry
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adrian Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Oluwarotimi S. Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Michael Dixon
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Jamila Sweis
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | | | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte CA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL
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4
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Lawler T, Su T, Cai Q, Steinwandel MD, Zheng W, Blot WJ, Warren Andersen S. Associations between serum vitamin D biomarkers and tumor expression of Ki67, p53, and COX-2 in colorectal cancer cases from the Southern Community Cohort Study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106201. [PMID: 36210028 PMCID: PMC9993486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, with limited data from African Americans (AAs), who have greater risk for CRC and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. In a predominantly AA sample of CRC cases from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), we report associations between vitamin D biomarkers and tumor expression of proteins implicated in vitamin D's anti-tumorigenic pathways (e.g. proliferation and inflammation) and CRC prognosis. SCCS participants with incident CRC were identified via state cancer registries. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) were measured at enrollment. 'Free' 25-hydroxyvitamin D was calculated via standard equation. Cellular Ki67, p53, and COX-2 were measured from tumor samples and categorized using literature-defined cut-points related to survival. Generalized linear models were used to measure associations between vitamin D exposures, tumor biomarkers, and stage. In total, 104 cases (40-79 years) were analyzed. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not associated with high Ki67 (odds ratio (OR) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase [95% confidence interval] 1.35[0.86-2.11]), p53 (0.75[0.47-1.20]), or COX-2 expression (1.25[0.78-2.01]), or metastatic disease (1.04[0.59-1.81]). Mean biomarker expression was unrelated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (p-trend ≥.09). Null associations were observed for VDBP and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D. In AAs (n = 70), higher VDBP was associated with lower odds of high Ki67 expression (0.53[0.28-0.98], p-trend =.04). In conclusion, we observed no associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and prognostic marker expression in CRC. An inverse association between VDBP and tumor Ki67 in AAs is consistent with reports showing relationships with reduced CRC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lawler
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy Su
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark D Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Ivlev I, Rushkin MC, Thomas RG, Martin A, Lin JS. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2022; 327:2334-2347. [PMID: 35727272 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.15650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death in the US, and vitamin and mineral supplementation has been proposed to help prevent these conditions. OBJECTIVE To review the benefits and harms of vitamin and mineral supplementation in healthy adults to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed (publisher-supplied records only), Cochrane Library, and Embase (January 2013 to February 1, 2022); prior reviews. STUDY SELECTION English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of vitamin or mineral use among adults without cardiovascular disease or cancer and with no known vitamin or mineral deficiencies; observational cohort studies examining serious harms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Single extraction, verified by a second reviewer. Quantitative pooling methods appropriate for rare events were used for most analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mortality, cardiovascular disease events, cancer incidence, serious harms. RESULTS Eighty-four studies (N=739 803) were included. In pooled analyses, multivitamin use was significantly associated with a lower incidence of any cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87-0.99]; 4 RCTs [n=48 859]; absolute risk difference [ARD] range among adequately powered trials, -0.2% to -1.2%) and lung cancer (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58-0.95]; 2 RCTs [n=36 052]; ARD, 0.2%). However, the evidence for multivitamins had important limitations. Beta carotene (with or without vitamin A) was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.01-1.42]; 4 RCTs [n=94 830]; ARD range, -0.1% to 0.6%) and cardiovascular mortality (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02-1.19]; 5 RCTs [n=94 506] ARD range, -0.8% to 0.8%). Vitamin D use was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.91-1.02]; 27 RCTs [n=117 082]), cardiovascular disease (eg, composite cardiovascular disease event outcome: OR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.95-1.05]; 7 RCTs [n=74 925]), or cancer outcomes (eg, any cancer incidence: OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.92-1.03]; 19 RCTs [n=86 899]). Vitamin E was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.97-1.07]; 9 RCTs [n=107 772]), cardiovascular disease events (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.90-1.04]; 4 RCTs [n=62 136]), or cancer incidence (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98-1.08]; 5 RCTs [n=76 777]). Evidence for benefit of other supplements was equivocal, minimal, or absent. Limited evidence suggested some supplements may be associated with higher risk of serious harms (hip fracture [vitamin A], hemorrhagic stroke [vitamin E], and kidney stones [vitamin C, calcium]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Vitamin and mineral supplementation was associated with little or no benefit in preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death, with the exception of a small benefit for cancer incidence with multivitamin use. Beta carotene was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and other harmful outcomes in persons at high risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Connor
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Corinne V Evans
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ilya Ivlev
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan C Rushkin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
- Center for Evidence-based Policy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Rachel G Thomas
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Allea Martin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
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Loke SS, Chuah SK. Factors Associated with Colorectal Polyps in Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127543. [PMID: 35742789 PMCID: PMC9223574 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal polyps are the precursor lesions of most colorectal cancers. This study aimed to evaluate associations between bone mineral density (BMD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and gastrointestinal diseases with colorectal polyps in middle-aged and elderly populations. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using data from the health examination database of a tertiary medical center in southern Taiwan in 2015. Subjects aged 50 years and older who had been assessed for metabolic factors and had undergone colonoscopy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA) were included. Factors associated with colorectal polyps were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. In total, 1515 subjects were included, with mean age 60.1 years. Among them, 710 (46.9%) had colorectal polyps. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high fasting glucose (OR = 1.08, p = 0.001), high triglycerides (OR = 1.02, p = 0.008), high total cholesterol (OR = 1.004, p = 0.009), reflux esophagitis (OR = 1.44, p = 0.002), duodenal polyps (OR = 1.75, p = 0.026), gastric ulcer (OR = 1.38, p = 0.024), duodenal ulcers (OR = 1.45, p = 0.028), osteopenia (OR = 1.48, p = 0.001), and MetS (OR = 1.46, p < 0.001) were independently associated with colorectal polyps. In conclusion, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, MetS, duodenal polyps, gastric and duodenal ulcers, reflux esophagitis, and low BMD are independent risk factors associated with colorectal polyps in the middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Seng Loke
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123
| | - Seng-Kee Chuah
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
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Wang J, Huang H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zou Z, Yang L, He X, Wu J, Ma J, Liu Y. Research Progress on the Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:859151. [PMID: 35619598 PMCID: PMC9128593 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.859151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can lead to severe social behavioral difficulties, which mainly manifests as social communication and interaction disorders; narrow interests; and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. In recent years, the prevalence of ASD has increased annually, and it has evolved from a rare disease to one with a high incidence among childhood developmental disorders. The pathogenesis of ASD is considered to be the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and early childhood can lead to the occurrence of ASD. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D intervention can significantly improve the symptoms of ASD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, exploring the neuroprotective mechanism of vitamin D against ASD is a huge challenge currently being worked on by current basic and clinical researchers, a task which is of great significance for the clinical promotion and optimization of vitamin D in the treatment of ASD. To further clarify the relationship between vitamin D and ASD, this review summarizes the correlation between vitamin D level and ASD, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on ASD, the possible mechanism of vitamin D involved in ASD, and insights from ASD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoyu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yangping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinting Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ma,
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Ma,
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Uthaiah CA, Beeraka NM, Rajalakshmi R, Ramya CM, Madhunapantula SV. Role of Neural Stem Cells and Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)-Mediated Cellular Signaling in the Mitigation of Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4065-4105. [PMID: 35476289 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02837-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Specific stem cell-based therapies for treating Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia are gaining importance in recent years. Accumulating data is providing further support by demonstrating the efficacy of neural stem cells in enhancing the neurogenesis in the aging brain. In addition to stem cells, recent studies have shown the efficacy of supplementing vitamin D in promoting neurogenesis and neuronal survival. Studies have also demonstrated the presence of mutational variants and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in neurological disorders; however, implications of these mutations in the pathophysiology and response to drug treatment are yet to be explored. Hence, in this article, we have reviewed recent reports pertaining to the role of neural stem cells and VDR-mediated cellular signaling cascades that are involved in enhancing the neurogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. This review benefits neurobiologists and pharmaceutical industry experts to develop stem cell-based and vitamin D-based therapies to better treat the patients suffering from neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - R Rajalakshmi
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - C M Ramya
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR, DST-FIST Supported Center), Department of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
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9
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Vaughan-Shaw PG, Blackmur JP, Grimes G, Ooi LY, Ochocka-Fox AM, Dunbar K, von Kriegsheim A, Rajasekaran V, Timofeeva M, Walker M, Svinti V, Din FVN, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG. Vitamin D treatment induces in vitro and ex vivo transcriptomic changes indicating anti-tumor effects. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22082. [PMID: 34918389 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101430rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with risk of several common cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we have utilized patient derived epithelial organoids (ex vivo) and CRC cell lines (in vitro) to show that calcitriol (1,25OHD) increased the expression of the CRC tumor suppressor gene, CDH1, at both the transcript and protein level. Whole genome expression analysis demonstrated significant differential expression of a further six genes after 1,25OHD treatment, including genes with established links to carcinogenesis GADD45, EFTUD1 and KIAA1199. Furthermore, gene ontologies relevant to carcinogenesis were enriched by 1,25OHD treatment (e.g., 'regulation of Wnt signaling pathway', 'regulation of cell death'), with common enriched processes across in vitro and ex vivo cultures including 'negative regulation of cell proliferation', 'regulation of cell migration' and 'regulation of cell differentiation'. Our results identify genes and pathways that are modifiable by calcitriol that have links to CRC tumorigenesis. Hence the findings provide potential mechanism to the epidemiological and clinical trial data indicating a causal association between vitamin D and CRC. We suggest there is strong rationale for further well-designed trials of vitamin D supplementation as a novel CRC chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Vaughan-Shaw
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Blackmur
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Li-Yin Ooi
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Anna M Ochocka-Fox
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Dunbar
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vidya Rajasekaran
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Timofeeva
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- DIAS, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marion Walker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria Svinti
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Farhat V N Din
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kamada T, Furukawa K, Takahashi J, Nakashima K, Nakaseko Y, Suzuki N, Yoshida M, Ohdaira H, Ikegami T, Suzuki Y. Prognostic significance of osteopenia in patients with colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021; 5:832-843. [PMID: 34755015 PMCID: PMC8560618 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We examined the prognostic impact of osteopenia on the long-term outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer after laparoscopic colectomy along with other nutritional factors, including sarcopenia or the Glasgow Prognostic Score. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 230 patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancers who underwent surgical resection between November 2010 and December 2015. Osteopenia and sarcopenia were evaluated by measuring the average pixel density in the mid-vertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra on enhanced computed tomography and the psoas muscle mass area at the third lumbar vertebra, respectively. The overall survival and disease-free survival rates were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test. RESULTS Osteopenia was identified in 43 patients (18.7%). Univariate analysis showed that the disease-free survival rate was significantly worse in patients with stage II-III cancers, vascular invasion, carcinoembryonic antigen (CA) >5.0 ng/mL, CA19-9 > 37.0 U/mL, sarcopenia, and osteopenia (all P < .01). Multivariate analysis revealed that stage II-III cancers (P = .01), vascular invasion (P = .01), carcinoembryonic antigen >5.0 (P < .01), and osteopenia (P < .01) were significant independent disease-free survival predictors. In univariate analysis, the overall survival rate significantly decreased in patients with stage II-III cancers (P = .03), carcinoembryonic antigen >5.0 (P < .01), CA19-9 > 37.0 (P < .01), sarcopenia (P < .01), and osteopenia (P < .01). Multivariate analysis indicated that carcinoembryonic antigen >5.0 (P = .04), CA19-9 > 37.0 (P = .05), and osteopenia (P < .01) were significant independent predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSION Preoperative osteopenia could be a strong predictor of long-term outcomes in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Kamada
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Junji Takahashi
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Keigo Nakashima
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Yuichi Nakaseko
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Norihiko Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Hironori Ohdaira
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineMinato‐kuJapan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of SurgeryInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
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11
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Vernia F, Longo S, Stefanelli G, Viscido A, Latella G. Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010143. [PMID: 33401525 PMCID: PMC7824178 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.
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12
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The protective effect of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 against cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173510. [PMID: 32861664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a critical regulator of the cell cycle, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 or p21 is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Calcitriol, or 1,25(OH)2D3, the bioactive form of vitamin D (VD), can activate p21 expression and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. To simulate cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and ex vivo, respectively, mice and cardiomyocytes were treated with isoproterenol (ISO). Moreover, the p21 signaling pathway was examined in ISO + VD and ISO + VD p21 inhibitor-treated cardiomyocytes. We found that calcitriol treatment led to a significant decrease in cardiac size and the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in ISO-treated mice. Furthermore, the surface area of cardiomyocytes and the expression of ANP and BNP were decreased, and the expression of p21 was increased in the ISO + VD group compared with those in the ISO group. Furthermore, the surface area of cardiomyocytes and the expression of ANP and BNP were markedly upregulated in the ISO + VD p21 inhibitor group relative to the ISO + VD group, whereas the difference was not statistically significant compared with those of the ISO p21 inhibitor group. Therefore, our findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice through upregulating p21 expression.
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13
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Role of Circulating and Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D in the Occurrence and Development of Colorectal Adenoma or Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 53:621-623. [PMID: 28134636 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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ramezani S, peeri M, Azarbaijani MA, Dehghan F. Combined Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise with Vitamin D Supplementation on Some Apoptosis Indices in the Lung of Rats Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.13.5.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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15
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Wang W, Yu S, Huang S, Deng R, Ding Y, Wu Y, Li X, Wang A, Wang S, Chen W, Lu Y. A Complex Role for Calcium Signaling in Colorectal Cancer Development and Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2145-2153. [PMID: 31366605 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical data suggest that many malignant cancers are associated with hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can facilitate the proliferation and metastasis of gastric and colon tumors, and has been considered a hallmark of end-stage disease. However, it has also been reported that dietary calcium or vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of many types of cancers. In particular, the intestines can absorb considerable amounts of calcium via Ca2+-permeable ion channels, and hypercalcemia is common in patients with colorectal cancer. Thus, this review considers the role of calcium signaling in the context of colorectal cancer and summarizes the functions of specific regulators of cellular calcium levels in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cell death, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells. The data reveal that even a slight upregulation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling can facilitate the onset and progression of colorectal cancer, while continuous Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ overload may cause tumor cell death. This dual function of Ca2+ signaling adds nuance to the debate over the hallmarks of colorectal cancer, and may even provide new directions and strategies for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Suyun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yushi Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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16
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Administration of vitamin D and aerobic training: recovery of lung apoptosis markers in male rats exposed to hydrogen peroxide. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Um CY, Prizment A, Hong CP, Lazovich D, Bostick RM. Associations of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Dairy Product Intakes with Colorectal Cancer Risk among Older Women: The Iowa Women's Health Study. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:739-748. [PMID: 30572720 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1539188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and, to a lesser extent, dairy products are consistently modestly inversely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Dairy products may contain components other than calcium and fat, such as insulin-like growth factor-1, that may affect CRC risk. In the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study, calcium, dairy product, and vitamin D intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate dairy products independent of their calcium components, we estimated residuals from linear regression models of their associations with dietary calcium. Of the 35,221 55-69-year-old cancer-free women at baseline in 1986, 1,731 developed CRC during follow-up through 2012. For those in the highest relative to the lowest intake quintiles, the adjusted hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models for overall and distal CRC were 0.81 (0.67-0.98; Ptrend = 0.004) and 0.59 (0.44-0.80; Ptrend = 0.003), respectively, for total calcium; and 0.79 (0.66-0.94; Ptrend = 0.01) and 0.69 (0.53-0.90; Ptrend = 0.003) for total dairy products, respectively. The various dairy product residuals were not associated with CRC. These results support that, among women, calcium and dairy products may be inversely associated with CRC-perhaps primarily distal CRC-but suggest that the non-calcium, non-fat component of dairy products may not be associated with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y Um
- a Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- b Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.,c Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Ching-Ping Hong
- b Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - DeAnn Lazovich
- b Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA.,c Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- a Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,d Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
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18
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Gao Y, Um CY, Fedirko V, Rutherford RE, Seabrook ME, Barry EL, Baron JA, Bostick RM. Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on markers of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the normal colorectal mucosa of colorectal adenoma patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208762. [PMID: 30557404 PMCID: PMC6296527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the roles of vitamin D and calcium as potential chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancer in humans, and to develop “treatable”, pre-neoplastic, phenotypic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, we estimated the effects of supplemental vitamin D3 (1,000 IU/day [25 μg/day]) and calcium (1,200 mg/day), alone and in combination, on biomarkers of proliferation (mib-1), differentiation (p21), and apoptosis (bax [apoptosis-promoting] and bcl-2 [apoptosis-inhibiting]), in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa in a subsample of participants (n = 104) in a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among colorectal adenoma patients. The biomarkers were measured in rectal biopsies at baseline and after one year of follow up, using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. In the vitamin D plus calcium group relative to control, in the crypt differentiation zone (upper 40% of crypts), mib-1 expression decreased 24% (P = 0.28); p21 expression alone and relative to mib-1 expression increased 29% (P = 0.06) and 73% (P = 0.06), respectively; and bax expression relative to mib-1 expression increased 58% (P = 0.21). The estimated vitamin D alone treatment effects were similar but of lesser magnitudes, and those for calcium alone were mixed. All estimated treatment effects on bcl-2 expression were close to the null. These pilot study results support further investigation of whether 1) vitamin D and calcium promote colorectal epithelial cell differentiation, reduce proliferation, and promote apoptosis in the normal-appearing human colorectal mucosa, 2) vitamin D and calcium act as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms, and 3) mib-1, p21, and bax are potential “treatable”, pre-neoplastic, biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caroline Y. Um
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robin E. Rutherford
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Georgia, United States of America
| | - March E. Seabrook
- Consultants in Gastroenterology, West Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - John A. Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9853192. [PMID: 30498395 PMCID: PMC6222239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-β can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.
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20
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Iamartino L, Elajnaf T, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Calcium-sensing receptor in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Current insights and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4119-4131. [PMID: 30271078 PMCID: PMC6158479 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is best known for its action in the parathyroid gland and kidneys where it controls body calcium homeostasis. However, the CaSR has different roles in the gastrointestinal tract, where it is ubiquitously expressed. In the colon, the CaSR is involved in controlling multiple mechanisms, including fluid transport, inflammation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the expression pattern and functions of the CaSR in the colonic microenvironment are far from being completely understood, evidence has been accumulating that the CaSR might play a protective role against both colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer. For example, CaSR agonists such as dipeptides have been suggested to reduce colonic inflammation, while dietary calcium was shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. CaSR expression is lost in colonic malignancies, indicating that the CaSR is a biomarker for colonic cancer progression. This dual anti-inflammatory and anti-tumourigenic role of the CaSR makes it especially interesting in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. In this review, we describe the clinical and experimental evidence for the role of the CaSR in colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer, the intracellular signalling pathways which are putatively involved in these actions, and the possibilities to exploit these actions of the CaSR for future therapies of colonic inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Iamartino
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Taha Elajnaf
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Marques da Costa P, Martins I, Neves J, Cortez-Pinto H, Velosa J. Serum vitamin D levels correlate with the presence and histological grading of colorectal adenomas in peri and postmenopausal women. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1390-1397. [PMID: 29961649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D is known to modulate immune function and proliferation. Higher vitamin D [25(OH)D3] serum levels have been reported to have protective effects on adenoma detection and colorectal cancer (CRC) development and survival. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 315 peri and post-menopausal women submitted to opportunistic colorectal and osteoporosis screening at the gynaecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary medical centre between 2004 and 2015. Colonoscopy findings were correlated with 25(OH)D3 and PTH serum levels, and subsequently adjusted in a multivariate logistic regression model. Confounding factors included demographic and colorectal risk factors, pharmacological therapies and bone densitometry metrics. RESULTS A total of 77 lesions were identified in 66 patients. Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) were identified in 79.4% and 35.2% of patients, respectively. In univariate analysis, lower levels of 25(OH)D3 were associated with polyp, adenoma and advanced adenoma detection. After adjusting for confounders, an association with polyps could not be observed, but a trend towards a negative correlation with adenoma detection was found (adjusted OR: 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-1.00; p = 0.083). Regarding advanced adenoma detection, 25(OH)D3 (adjusted OR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.97; p = 0.013) proved to be an independent predictive factor. No association was found between 25(OH)D3 levels and lesion detection site. CONCLUSION The association of 25(OH)D3 serum levels with colorectal lesions seems to be restricted to adenomatous lesions and is influenced by histological grading. Vitamin D may be a valuable biomarker for optimization of risk stratification in group-specific CRC screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques da Costa
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Inês Martins
- Departamento/Clínica Universitária de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim Neves
- Departamento/Clínica Universitária de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
| | - José Velosa
- Serviço de Gastrenterologia e Hepatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-035, Portugal.
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22
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Malihi Z, Wu Z, MM Lawes C, Scragg R. Noncalcemic adverse effects and withdrawals in randomized controlled trials of long-term vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:1007-1034. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sasso A, Latella G. Dietary components that counteract the increased risk of colorectal cancer related to red meat consumption. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:536-548. [PMID: 29096565 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1393503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Western-style diets are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, a strong correlation has been documented between CRC and the consumption of large amounts of red meat, especially processed red meat. Compared with white meat, red meat contains high levels of haem iron, a molecule that can exert a variety of genotoxic and other adverse effects on the colonic epithelium. According to current international guidelines, the reduction of red meat intake combined with the consumption of food containing antioxidant and chemoprotective substances may significantly reduce the risk of developing CRC. The dietary strategies that can help to contrast the harmful effects of haem iron are reported and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Sasso
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- a Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences , University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
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Sun X, Wang T, Zhang C, Ning K, Guan ZR, Chen SX, Hong TT, Hua D. S100A16 is a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2017; 117:275-283. [PMID: 28876468 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 is a superfamily of calcium-binding proteins that regulate multiple biological processes and are involved in many diseases. S100A16 has recently been identified to be involved in several cancers such as bladder cancer, lung cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of S100A16 expression in the colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been investigated. METHODS S100A16 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 296 cases of CRC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of S100A16. RESULT The results showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients with low membrane S100A16 expression was significantly shorter than patients with high expression (P < 0.05). Chi-square analysis showed that S100A16 expression had a positive correlation with tumor grade (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis identified membrane S100A16 expression as an independent prognostic marker for OS in CRC patients. (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed no significant association between cytoplasmic/nuclear S100A16 expression and OS. CONCLUSION Membrane S100A16 is associated with the prognosis of CRC patients, indicating that S100A16 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Ning
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang-Rui Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Xian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hong
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Pietrzyk Ł. Food properties and dietary habits in colorectal cancer prevention and development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1236813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pietrzyk
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Chair of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1st Military Clinical Hospital in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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26
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Zhao J, Zhu X, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Hibler EA, Cai Q, Long J, Chen Z, Jiang M, Kabagambe EK, Zhang B, Hou L, Smalley WE, Edwards TL, Giovannucci EL, Zheng W, Dai Q. Interactions between calcium intake and polymorphisms in genes essential for calcium reabsorption and risk of colorectal neoplasia in a two-phase study. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2258-2266. [PMID: 28544176 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SLC8A1 (solute carrier family 8, member 1) gene, encoding Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger, is essential in regulating calcium reabsorption and homeostasis. Calcium homeostasis plays a key role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in five calcium-regulating genes (SLC8A1, ATP2B1, CALB1, CALB2, and CABP1) interact with calcium intake in relation to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. A two-phase (discovery and replication) study was conducted within the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, including a total of 1275 cases and 2811 controls. In Phase I, we identified six out of 135 SNPs that significantly interacted with calcium intake in relation to adenoma risk. In Phase II, the calcium intake by rs4952490 (SLC8A1) interaction was replicated (Pinteraction = 0.048). We found an inverse association between calcium intake (1000-2000 mg/day) and colorectal adenomas, particularly for multiple/advanced adenomas, among the G-allele carriers but not among homozygous carriers of the common variant (A) in rs4952490. In the joint analysis of SLC8A1, KCNJ1, and SLC12A1 SNPs, carriers of variant alleles in at least two genes and with calcium intake above the DRI (1000 mg/day) were approximately 30-57% less likely to have adenomas than those whose calcium intake was below the DRI. The association was stronger for multiple/advanced adenomas. No association was found among those who did not carry any variant alleles in these genes when calcium intake was below 2500 mg/day. These findings, if confirmed, may provide a new avenue for the personalized prevention of colorectal adenoma and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Reid M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth A Hibler
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhi Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming Jiang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Laboratory of Nuclear Receptors and Cancer Research, Center for Basic Medical Research, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Edmond K Kabagambe
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bing Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter E Smalley
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Abstract
In many cells throughout the body, vitamin D is converted into its active form calcitriol and binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which functions as a transcription factor to regulate various biological processes including cellular differentiation and immune response. Vitamin D-metabolising enzymes (including CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) and VDR play major roles in exerting and regulating the effects of vitamin D. Preclinical and epidemiological studies have provided evidence for anti-cancer effects of vitamin D (particularly against colorectal cancer), although clinical trials have yet to prove its benefit. In addition, molecular pathological epidemiology research can provide insights into the interaction of vitamin D with tumour molecular and immunity status. Other future research directions include genome-wide research on VDR transcriptional targets, gene-environment interaction analyses and clinical trials on vitamin D efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we review the literature on vitamin D and colorectal cancer from both mechanistic and population studies and discuss the links and controversies within and between the two parts of evidence.
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28
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Farris AB, Cohen C, Rogers TE, Smith GH. Whole Slide Imaging for Analytical Anatomic Pathology and Telepathology: Practical Applications Today, Promises, and Perils. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:542-550. [PMID: 28157404 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0265-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Whole slide imaging (WSI) offers a convenient, tractable platform for measuring features of routine and special-stain histology or in immunohistochemistry staining by using digital image analysis (IA). We now routinely use IA for quantitative and qualitative analysis of theranostic markers such as human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu), estrogen and progesterone receptors, and Ki-67. Quantitative IA requires extensive validation, however, and may not always be the best approach, with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors being one example in which a semiautomated approach may be preferable for patient care. We find that IA has great utility for objective assessment of gastrointestinal tract dysplasia, microvessel density in hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, renal fibrosis, and general quality analysis/quality control, although the applications of these to daily practice are still in development. Collaborations with bioinformatics specialists have explored novel applications to gliomas, including in silico approaches for mining histologic data and correlating with molecular and radiologic findings. We and many others are using WSI for rapid, remote-access slide reviews (telepathology), though technical factors currently limit its utility for routine, high-volume diagnostics. In our experience, the greatest current practical impact of WSI lies in facilitating long-term storage and retrieval of images while obviating the need to keep slides on site. Once the existing barriers of capital cost, validation, operator training, software design, and storage/back-up concerns are overcome, these technologies appear destined to be a cornerstone of precision medicine and personalized patient care, and to become a routine part of pathology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Geoffrey H Smith
- From the Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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29
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Aggarwal A, Schulz H, Manhardt T, Bilban M, Thakker RV, Kallay E. Expression profiling of colorectal cancer cells reveals inhibition of DNA replication licensing by extracellular calcium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:987-996. [PMID: 28161520 PMCID: PMC5424886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in industrialised societies. Epidemiological studies, animal experiments, and randomized clinical trials have shown that dietary factors can influence all stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, from initiation through promotion to progression. Calcium is one of the factors with a chemoprophylactic effect in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms of the anti-tumorigenic effects of extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) in colon cancer cells. Gene expression microarray analysis of colon cancer cells treated for 1, 4, and 24 h with 2 mM [Ca2+]o identified significant changes in expression of 1571 probe sets (ANOVA, p < 10− 5). The main biological processes affected by [Ca2+]o were DNA replication, cell division, and regulation of transcription. All factors involved in DNA replication-licensing were significantly downregulated by [Ca2+]o. Furthermore, we show that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor is a mediator involved in this process. To test whether these results were physiologically relevant, we fed mice with a standard diet containing low (0.04%), intermediate (0.1%), or high (0.9%) levels of dietary calcium. The main molecules regulating replication licensing were inhibited also in vivo, in the colon of mice fed high calcium diet. We show that among the mechanisms behind the chemopreventive effect of [Ca2+]o is inhibition of replication licensing, a process often deregulated in neoplastic transformation. Our data suggest that dietary calcium is effective in preventing replicative stress, one of the main drivers of cancer and this process is mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor. Extracellular calcium inhibits cell division, DNA replication, in colon cancer cells. Extracellular calcium inhibits replication licensing in vitro and in vivo. The calcium-sensing receptor is a critical mediator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Teresa Manhardt
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
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30
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Um CY, Fedirko V, Flanders WD, Judd SE, Bostick RM. Associations of Calcium and Milk Product Intakes with Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:416-427. [PMID: 28128980 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1274408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium intake has been consistently, modestly inversely associated with colorectal neoplasms, and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence in clinical trials. Milk products are the major source of dietary calcium in the United States, but their associations with colorectal neoplasms are unclear. Data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 807 cases, 2,185 controls) were analyzed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Residuals from linear regression models of milk with dietary calcium were estimated as the noncalcium, insulin-like growth factor 1-containing component of milk. For total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intakes, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest to the lowest intake quintiles were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.30), 0.86 (CI 0.62-1.20), and 0.99 (CI 0.77-1.27), respectively. The corresponding ORs for consumption of total milk products, total milk, nonfat milk, total milk product residuals, and nonfat milk residuals were, respectively, 0.99, 0.90, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.95; all CIs included 1.0. For those who consumed any whole milk relative to those who consumed none, the OR was 1.15 (CI 0.89-1.49). These results are consistent with previous findings of modest inverse associations of calcium intakes with colorectal adenoma, but suggest that milk products may not be associated with adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Y Um
- a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.,c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA
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31
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Das V, Kalita J, Pal M. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of recent advances and challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 87:8-19. [PMID: 28040600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Since CRC is largely asymptomatic until alarm features develop to advanced stages, the implementation of the screening programme is very much essential to reduce cancer incidence and mortality rates. CRC occurs predominantly from accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in colon epithelial cells, which later gets transformed into adenocarcinomas. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current challenges of screening paradigm and diagnostic ranges are from semi-invasive methods like colonoscopy to non-invasive stool-based test, have resulted in over-diagnosis and over-treatment of CRC. Hence, new screening initiatives and deep studies are required for early diagnosis of CRC. In this regard, we not only summarise current predictive and prognostic biomarkers with their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, but also describe current limitations, future perspectives and challenges associated with the progression of CRC. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Currently many potential biomarkers have already been successfully translated into clinical practice eg. Fecal haemoglobin, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19.9, although these are not highly promising diagnostic target for personalized medicine. So there is a critical need for reliable, minimally invasive, highly sensitive and specific genetic markers of an individualised and optimised patient treatment at the earliest disease stage possible. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification of a new biomarker, or a set of biomarkers to the development of a valid, and clinical sensible assay that can be served as an alternative tool for early diagnosis of CRC and open up promising new targets in therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Das
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the cause of many cancer deaths worldwide. Nutrients might be crucial in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer. Although a number of studies have demonstrated the potential effects of nutrients, many challenges still remain. SUMMARY A tremendous amount of research has emerged concerning the roles of nutrients in colorectal cancer during the past decades. Here, we review the latest research progress on nutrients, including vitamins, folic acid, calcium, selenium and dietary fiber, involved in colorectal cancer prevention. KEY MESSAGE Nutrients are commonly consumed in foods or dietary supplements. It is clear that nutrients could play an important role and influence colorectal cancer outcomes. The relationship between nutrients and colorectal risk is complex. Vitamins, folic acid, calcium, selenium and dietary fiber have been proposed as potential agents to prevent colorectal cancer. However, some studies found that these nutrients did not reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The supplementary dose of nutrients, the length of time required to observe the effects and confounding factors during the study might influence the role of nutrients in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Therefore, more evidence from ongoing clinical trials with different population groups and longer follow-up periods is critical to determine the relationship between nutrients and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Du
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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33
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Shan L, Hu XL, Wang B, Jia FY. [Research advances in the role of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:183-8. [PMID: 26903068 PMCID: PMC7403048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 03/30/2024]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are still unclear. The relationship between vitamin D and ASD has drawn attention in recent years due to common vitamin D deficiency in children with ASD. This article reviews the peripheral blood levels of vitamin D in children with ASD, the possible reasons for hypovitamin D and its possible roles in the etiology of ASD and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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34
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Shan L, Hu XL, Wang B, Jia FY. [Research advances in the role of vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:183-188. [PMID: 26903068 PMCID: PMC7403048 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenic mechanism of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are still unclear. The relationship between vitamin D and ASD has drawn attention in recent years due to common vitamin D deficiency in children with ASD. This article reviews the peripheral blood levels of vitamin D in children with ASD, the possible reasons for hypovitamin D and its possible roles in the etiology of ASD and the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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35
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Keeney JT, Butterfield DA. Vitamin D deficiency and Alzheimer disease: Common links. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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36
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Aggarwal A, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Tennakoon S, Höbaus J, Boudot C, Mentaverri R, Brown EM, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. The calcium-sensing receptor: A promising target for prevention of colorectal cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:2158-67. [PMID: 25701758 PMCID: PMC4549785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inverse correlation between dietary calcium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is well known, but poorly understood. Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a calcium-binding G protein-coupled receptor is downregulated in CRC leading us to hypothesize that the CaSR has tumor suppressive roles in the colon. The aim of this study was to understand whether restoration of CaSR expression could reduce the malignant phenotype in CRC. In human colorectal tumors, expression of the CaSR negatively correlated with proliferation markers whereas loss of CaSR correlated with poor tumor differentiation and reduced apoptotic potential. In vivo, dearth of CaSR significantly increased expression of proliferation markers and decreased levels of differentiation and apoptotic markers in the colons of CaSR/PTH double knock-out mice confirming the tumor suppressive functions of CaSR. In vitro CRC cells stably overexpressing wild-type CaSR showed significant reduction in proliferation, as well as increased differentiation and apoptotic potential. The positive allosteric modulator of CaSR, NPS R-568 further enhanced these effects, whereas treatment with the negative allosteric modulator, NPS 2143 inhibited these functions. Interestingly, the dominant-negative mutant (R185Q) was able to abrogate these effects. Our results demonstrate a critical tumor suppressive role of CaSR in the colon. Restoration of CaSR expression and function is linked to regulation of the balance between proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and provides a rationale for novel strategies in CRC therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation, Missense
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Phenethylamines
- Propylamines
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Boudot
- INSERM U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Edward M Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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37
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Masri OA, Chalhoub JM, Sharara AI. Role of vitamins in gastrointestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5191-5209. [PMID: 25954093 PMCID: PMC4419060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A tremendous amount of data from research was published over the past decades concerning the roles of different vitamins in various gastrointestinal diseases. For instance, most vitamins showed an inverse relationship with the risk of colorectal carcinoma as well as other malignancies like gastric and esophageal cancer in observational trials, however interventional trials failed to prove a clear beneficial preventive role. On the other hand, more solid evidence was obtained from high quality studies for a role of certain vitamins in specific entities. Examples for this include the therapeutic role of vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the additive role of vitamins B12 and D to the standard therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus, the role of vitamin C in reducing the risk of gallstones, the positive outcome with vitamin B12 in patients with aphthous stomatitis, and the beneficial effect of vitamin D and B1 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Other potential uses are yet to be elaborated, like those on celiac disease, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, cholestasis and other potential fields. Data from several ongoing interventional trials are expected to add to the current knowledge over the coming few years. Given that vitamin supplementation is psychologically accepted by patients as a natural compound with relative safety and low cost, their use should be encouraged in the fields where positive data are available.
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Gowda S, Lipka S, Davis-Yadley AH, Shen H, Silpe J, White A, Satler S, Luebbers D, Statler J, Zheng A, Elder J, Abraham A, Viswanathan P, Mustacchia P. Low bone mineral density linked to colorectal adenomas: a cross-sectional study of a racially diverse population. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:165-71. [PMID: 25830036 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that lower bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with an increased risk for colorectal adenoma/cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between osteopenia and/or osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas in patients from a New York community hospital. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional observational study on 200 patients who underwent screening colonoscopies and bone density scan (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at Nassau University Medical Center from November 2009 to March 2011. Among these, 83 patients were identified as osteoporosis (T score of -2.5 or below) and 67 were osteopenia (T score between -1.0 and -2.5). Logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between osteopenia and/or osteoporosis and colorectal adenomas. RESULTS Among the patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, the mean ages were 59.1 years [standard deviation (SD) =8.9] and 61.5 (SD =8.9), respectively. There were 94.0%, 85.1% and 74.7% women, respectively, in normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis groups. The prevalence of colorectal adenomas was 17.9% and 25.3% in the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups, respectively, and 18.0% in the normal BMD group. After adjustment for potential confounders including age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), tobacco use, alcohol use, history of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia, osteoporosis was found to be associated with presence of colorectal adenomas more than 2, compared to the normal BMD group. No significant associations were found for the prevalence, size, and location of adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that osteoporosis is significantly associated with the presence of multiple colorectal adenomas. Prospective studies with a larger sample size are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gowda
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Seth Lipka
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Ashley H Davis-Yadley
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Huafeng Shen
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Silpe
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Andy White
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Sam Satler
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Dustin Luebbers
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - James Statler
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Anna Zheng
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Elder
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Albin Abraham
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Prakash Viswanathan
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
| | - Paul Mustacchia
- 1 Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA ; 2 Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, 3 Department of Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; 4 Department of Medicine, 5 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA
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Bostick RM. Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on normal colon tissue and circulating biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 148:86-95. [PMID: 25597952 PMCID: PMC4389892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This brief review, based on an invited presentation at the 17th Workshop on Vitamin D, is to summarize a line of the author's research that has been directed at the intertwined missions of clarifying and/or developing vitamin D and calcium as preventive agents against colorectal cancer in humans, understanding the mechanisms by which these agents may reduce risk for the disease, and developing 'treatable' biomarkers of risk for colorectal cancer. The biological plausibility and observational and clinical trial evidence for vitamin D and calcium in reducing risk for colorectal neoplasms, the development of pre-neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, and the clinical trial findings from the author's research group on the efficacy of vitamin D and calcium in modulating these biomarkers are summarized. Regarding the latter, we tested the efficacy of 800 IU (20μg) of vitamin D3 and 2.0g of calcium daily, alone and combined vs. placebo over 6 months on modulating normal colon tissue and circulating hypothesis-based biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2×2 factorial design clinical trial (n=92). The tissue-based biomarkers were measured in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa using immunohistochemistry with quantitative image analysis, and a panel of circulating inflammation markers was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). Statistically significant proportional tissue increases in the vitamin D group relative to the placebo group were found in bax (51%), p21 (141%), APC (48%), E-cadherin (78%), MSH2 (179%), the CaSR (39%), and CYP27B1 (159%). In blood, there was a 77% statistically significant decrease in a summary inflammation z-score. The findings for calcium were similar to those for vitamin D. These findings indicate that supplemental vitamin D3 or calcium can favorably modulate multiple normal colon tissue and circulating hypothesis-based biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms in sporadic colorectal adenoma patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Zhu X, Liang J, Shrubsole MJ, Ness RM, Cai Q, Long J, Chen Z, Li G, Wiese D, Zhang B, Smalley WE, Edwards TL, Giovannucci E, Zheng W, Dai Q. Calcium intake and ion transporter genetic polymorphisms interact in human colorectal neoplasia risk in a 2-phase study. J Nutr 2014; 144:1734-41. [PMID: 25165391 PMCID: PMC4195417 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.196709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney-specific sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) protein encoded by solute carrier family 12 member 1 (SLC12A1) is the direct downstream effector of the inward-rectifier potassium channel (ROMK) encoded by potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 1 (KCNJ1), both of which are critical for calcium reabsorption in the kidney. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that polymorphisms in KCNJ1, SLC12A1, and 7 other genes may modify the association between calcium intake and colorectal neoplasia risk. METHODS We conducted a 2-phase study in 1336 cases and 2891 controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study. RESULTS In phase I, we identified 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that significantly interacted with calcium intake in adenoma risk. In phase II, rs2855798 in KCNJ1 was replicated. In combined analysis of phases I and II, the P values for interactions between calcium intake and rs2855798 were 1 × 10(-4) for all adenoma and 5 × 10(-3) for multiple/advanced adenoma. The highest calcium intake was not associated with risk among those with no variant allele but was significantly associated with a 41% reduced adenoma risk among those who carried at least 1 variant allele in KCNJ1. The corresponding reduction in risk of multiple or advanced adenomas was 52% among those with at least 1 variant allele. The P values for interactions between calcium intake and combined SNPs from the KCNJ1 and SLC12A1 genes were 7.5 × 10(-5) for adenoma and 9.9 × 10(-5) for multiple/advanced adenoma. The highest calcium intake was not associated with risk among those with nonvariant alleles in 2 genes but was significantly associated with a 34% reduced adenoma risk among those who carried a variant allele in 1 of the genes. The corresponding reduction in risk of multiple or advanced adenomas was 64% among those with variant alleles in both genes. CONCLUSION These findings, if confirmed, will be critical for the development of personalized prevention strategies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ji Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Reid M. Ness
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and
| | - Zhi Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and
| | - Guoliang Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and
| | - Dawn Wiese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Walter E. Smalley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN;,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Todd L. Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Qi Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, TN;
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Fetahu IS, Höbaus J, Aggarwal A, Hummel DM, Tennakoon S, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. Calcium-sensing receptor silencing in colorectal cancer is associated with promoter hypermethylation and loss of acetylation on histone 3. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2014-23. [PMID: 24691920 PMCID: PMC4282356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is suggested to mediate the antiproliferative effects of calcium in colon. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC) the expression of the CaSR is silenced and the underlying mechanisms leading to its loss are poorly understood. We investigated whether loss of the CaSR expression in colorectal tumors is caused by DNA hypermethylation and imbalance of transcriptionally permissive/repressive histone alterations. We observed significantly lower CaSR mRNA expression (n = 65, p < 0.001) in colorectal tumors compared with the adjacent mucosa from the same patient. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed downregulation of the CaSR protein also. The CaSR promoter was methylated to a greater extent in tumors compared with adjacent mucosa as determined by bisulfite sequencing (n = 20, p < 0.01) and by pyrosequencing (n = 45, p < 0.001), and methylation correlated inversely with mRNA expression (n = 20, ρ = -0.310, p < 0.05 and n = 45, ρ = -0.588, p < 0.001). Treatments with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and/or with two different histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) restored the expression of CaSR in colon cancer cells. Restored CaSR expression in Coga1A and HT29 cells was functional. Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to prevent demethylation of mono- and dimethylated H3K4, increased CaSR expression only marginally. Our data show that hypermethylation of the CaSR promoter and H3K9 deacetylation, but not H3K4me2 demethylation are important factors that cause silencing of the CaSR in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Doris M Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Zgaga L, Theodoratou E, Farrington SM, Din FVN, Ooi LY, Glodzik D, Johnston S, Tenesa A, Campbell H, Dunlop MG. Plasma vitamin D concentration influences survival outcome after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2430-9. [PMID: 25002714 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.5947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether the plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) influences survival outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively studied 1,598 patients with stage I to III CRC. We sought association between plasma 25-OHD and stage-specific survival and tested for interaction between 25-OHD level and variation at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene locus. Blood was sampled postoperatively, and plasma was assayed for 25-OHD by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. VDR polymorphisms (rs1544410, rs10735810, rs7975232, rs11568820) were genotyped, and haplotypes were inferred by using BEAGLE software. We tested for association between survival and 25-OHD, VDR genotype/haplotype, and after applying a VDR genotype-25-OHD interaction term. We conducted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS We found strong associations between plasma 25-OHD concentration and CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause mortality (P = .003). Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.90) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.89), respectively (highest v lowest 25-OHD tertile), particularly in stage II disease (HR, 0.44; P = .004 for CRC-specific mortality). We detected gene-environment interactions between 25-OHD concentration and rs11568820 genotype for CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause (P = .022) mortality, number of protective alleles (P = .004 and P = .018, respectively), and GAGC haplotype at the VDR locus for all-cause mortality (P = .008). CONCLUSION In patients with stage I to III CRC, postoperative plasma vitamin D is associated with clinically important differences in survival outcome, higher levels being associated with better outcome. We observed interactions between 25-OHD level and VDR genotype, suggesting a causal relationship between vitamin D and survival. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on CRC outcome will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zgaga
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Farhat V N Din
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Li Yin Ooi
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominik Glodzik
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan Johnston
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Albert Tenesa
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Campbell
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Lina Zgaga, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, and Malcolm G. Dunlop, University of Edinburgh and Western General Hospital; Evropi Theodoratou and Harry Campbell, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Albert Tenesa, University of Edinburgh, Roslin; Susan Johnston, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Lina Zgaga, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Yang B, McCullough ML, Gapstur SM, Jacobs EJ, Bostick RM, Fedirko V, Flanders WD, Campbell PT. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and mortality among colorectal cancer survivors: the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2335-43. [PMID: 24958826 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Higher calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product intakes are associated with lower colorectal cancer incidence, but their impacts on colorectal cancer survival are unclear. We evaluated associations of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product intakes before and after colorectal cancer diagnosis with all-cause and colorectal cancer-specific mortality among colorectal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This analysis included 2,284 participants in a prospective cohort who were diagnosed with invasive, nonmetastatic colorectal cancer after baseline (1992 or 1993) and up to 2009. Mortality follow-up was through 2010. Prediagnosis risk factor information was collected on the baseline questionnaire. Postdiagnosis information was collected via questionnaires in 1999 and 2003 and was available for 1,111 patients. RESULTS A total of 949 participants with colorectal cancer died during follow-up, including 408 from colorectal cancer. In multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, postdiagnosis total calcium intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] for those in the highest relative to the lowest quartiles, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98; Ptrend = .02) and associated with marginally statistically significant reduced colorectal cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.05; Ptrend = .01). An inverse association with all-cause mortality was also observed for postdiagnosis milk intake (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.94; Ptrend = .02), but not vitamin D intake. Prediagnosis calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product intakes were not associated with any mortality outcomes. CONCLUSION Higher postdiagnosis intakes of total calcium and milk may be associated with lower risk of death among patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Yang
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marjorie L McCullough
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Eric J Jacobs
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Baiyu Yang, Marjorie L. McCullough, Susan M. Gapstur, Eric J. Jacobs, and Peter T. Campbell, American Cancer Society; Roberd M. Bostick, Veronika Fedirko, and W. Dana Flanders, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; Baiyu Yang, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
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Tu H, Ahearn TU, Daniel CR, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Seabrook ME, Bostick RM. Transforming growth factors and receptor as potential modifiable pre-neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:821-30. [PMID: 24719252 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased colorectal epithelial cell proliferation is an early, common event in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a pilot, colonoscopy-based case-control study (n = 49 cases, 154 controls) of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma to investigate endogenous cell growth factors and receptor, as well as the balance of growth factors, as potential modifiable pre-neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. We measured transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), TGFβ(1), and TGFβ receptor II (TGFβRII) expression in normal-appearing mucosa from the rectum, sigmoid colon, and ascending colon using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. Diet and lifestyle were assessed via questionnaires. The mean ratio of rectal TGFα to TGFβ(1) expression and mean rectal TGFα expression were, respectively, 110% (P = 0.02) and 49% (P = 0.04) higher in cases than in controls, and associated with a more than two-fold (OR 2.42, 95% CI 0.85-6.87) and a 62% (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.63-4.19) higher risk of colorectal adenoma. TGFβ(1) and TGFβRII expression were 6.7% (P = 0.75) and 7.2% (P = 0.49), respectively, lower in cases than in controls. The TGFα/TGFβ(1) expression ratio was 105% higher among smokers than among non-smokers (P = 0.03). These preliminary data suggest that the balance of TGFα and TGFβ(1) expression, and to a lesser extend TGFα alone, in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa may be directly associated with risk for incident, sporadic colorectal neoplasms, as well as with modifiable risk factors for colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Molecules to Mankind Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Neggers YH. Increasing prevalence, changes in diagnostic criteria, and nutritional risk factors for autism spectrum disorders. ISRN NUTRITION 2014; 2014:514026. [PMID: 24967269 PMCID: PMC4045304 DOI: 10.1155/2014/514026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnoses has been increasing for decades, but researchers cannot agree on whether the trend is a result of increased awareness, improved detection, expanding definition, or an actual increase in incidence or a combination of these factors. Though both genetic and multiple environmental risk factors have been studied extensively, many potentially modifiable risk factors including nutritional and immune function related risk factors such as vitamin D, folic acid, and metabolic syndrome have not received sufficient attention. Several recent studies have put forward hypotheses to explain the mechanism of association between both folic acid and vitamin D and autism. A continuous rise in the prevalence of autism in the USA has coincided with a significant enhancement of maternal folate status with FDA mandated folic acid fortification of certain foods starting in 1998. There is also a growing body of research that suggests that vitamin D status either in utero or early in life may be a risk for autism. In this communication, controversies regarding increase in estimate of prevalence, implications of changes in definition, and possible association between some modifiable nutritional risk factors such as folic acid and vitamin D and ASD will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin H. Neggers
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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Sarkissyan M, Wu Y, Chen Z, Mishra DK, Sarkissyan S, Giannikopoulos I, Vadgama JV. Vitamin D receptor FokI gene polymorphisms may be associated with colorectal cancer among African American and Hispanic participants. Cancer 2014; 120:1387-93. [PMID: 24510435 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays a role in cancer tumorogenesis and acts through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Although African Americans have the lowest serum vitamin D levels, supplementation has not yielded a significant improvement in cancer. Gene polymorphisms in VDR may play a role. There is a dearth of information on VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) among under-represented ethnic groups. In this study, the authors examined whether VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with CRC in predominately African American and Hispanic study participants. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 378 participants, including a group of 78 patients with CRC (cases), a group of 230 noncancer participants without polyps (controls without polyps), and a group of 70 noncancer participants with polyps (controls with polyps). The 4 polymorphic SNPs in VDR (FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI) were assessed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS There was a significant association of the VDR-FokI FF genotype with CRC cases (odds ratio, 2.9; P= .036) compared with the controls without polyps. The most common VDR-FokI genotype in the overall study population was the FF genotype (46%). However, upon breakdown by ethnicity, the FF genotype was the most common in African American participants (61%), and the Ff genotype was the most common in Hispanic/Latino participants (49%). When the association was assessed in a multivariate model, there was no significant association with any VDR polymorphism and CRC cases (P> .05). The other 3 polymorphic variants of VDR (BsmI, TaqI, and ApaI) were not associated with CRC. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study suggest that genetic variation of the VDR-FokI SNPs may influence CRC risk, particularly in African American cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Center to Eliminate Cancer Health Disparities, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
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Cannell JJ, Grant WB. What is the role of vitamin D in autism? DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014; 5:199-204. [PMID: 24494055 PMCID: PMC3897590 DOI: 10.4161/derm.24356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, either in utero or in early life, may reduce the risk of autism. For example, an ecological study in the companion paper inversely correlated solar UV-B doses in the United States with prevalence of autism among those aged 6–17 y. That study proposed that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy could account for this finding, although the findings are also consistent with childhood vitamin D deficiency contributing to the condition. Also, in a recent study, children with autism had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than did control subjects (19 vs. 33 ng/ml), despite parents of each group reporting the same amount of sun exposure. The same study found highly significant inverse correlations between 25(OH)D and autism rating scales and between 25(OH)D and levels of an antineuronal antibody. This finding indicates that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations may reduce the symptoms of established autism. Because activated vitamin D, a secosteroid, upregulates DNA-repair genes, vitamin D deficiency during development may inhibit the repair of de novo DNA mutations in fetuses and infants and thus contribute to risk of autism. Vitamin D might also reduce the risk or severity of autism through its anti-inflammatory actions, antiautoimmune effects, increasing seizure threshold, increasing T-regulatory cells, protecting the mitochondria, and upregulating glutathione, which scavenges oxidative by-products and chelates (captures and excretes) heavy metals. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and childhood is a widespread and growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center; San Francisco, CA USA
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Lin JH, Giovannucci E. Environmental Exposure and Tumor Heterogeneity in Colorectal Cancer Risk and Outcomes. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-014-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chai W, Cooney RV, Franke AA, Bostick RM. Effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and serum lipids and carotenoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:564-70. [PMID: 23958407 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the effects of calcium or vitamin D supplementation or a combination of both on blood pressure and serum lipid and carotenoid levels. METHODS Ninety-two colorectal adenoma patients were randomized in a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of supplemental vitamin D3 800 IU and elemental calcium 2.0 g (as calcium carbonate) alone or in combination in divided doses twice daily with meals over 6 months. RESULTS Relative to placebo, mean serum triglycerides decreased 30% (P = .10) and 32% (P = .10) in the calcium and calcium plus vitamin D3 treatment groups, respectively. When the two calcium intervention groups were pooled and compared with the pooled noncalcium groups, the estimated supplemental calcium treatment effects were statistically significant for triglycerides (P = .04). Similar but nonstatistically significant decreases (5%-7%) were observed for serum total cholesterol levels. Mean systolic blood pressure increased 6% (P = .08) in the calcium group; otherwise, there were no appreciable changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressures in any active treatment group. Mean serum total carotenoid levels decreased 14% (P = .07) in the calcium and 9% (P = .10) in the calcium plus vitamin D3 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that supplemental calcium alone or combined with vitamin D3 but not vitamin D3 alone may reduce serum lipids and lipophilic micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Chai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA.
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Tu H, Flanders WD, Ahearn TU, Daniel CR, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Long Q, Rutherford RE, Bostick RM. Effects of calcium and vitamin D3 on transforming growth factors in rectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients: a randomized controlled trial. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:270-80. [PMID: 24166893 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) and TGFβ1 are growth-promoting and -inhibiting autocrine/paracrine growth factors, respectively, that may (1) affect risk for colorectal cancer and (2) be modifiable by anti-proliferative exposures. The effects of supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 on these two markers in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa in humans are unknown. We conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial (n = 92; 23/treatment group) of calcium 2 g and/or vitamin D3 800 IU/d versus placebo over 6 mo. TGFα and TGFβ1 expression was measured in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal mucosa using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis at baseline and 6-mo follow-up. In the calcium, vitamin D3 , and calcium plus vitamin D3 groups relative to the placebo group (1) the mean overall expression of TGFβ1 increased by 14% (P= 0.25), 19% (P = 0.17), and 22% (P = 0.09); (2) the ratio of TGFα expression in the upper 40% (differentiation zone) to that in the lower 60 (proliferation zone) of the crypts decreased by 34% (P = 0.11), 31% (P = 0.22), and 26% (P = 0.33); and (3) the TGFα/TGFβ1 ratio in the upper 40% of the crypts decreased by 28% (P = 0.09), 14% (P = 0.41), and 22% (P = 0.24), respectively. These preliminary results, although not statistically significant, suggest that supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 may increase TGFβ1 expression and shift TGFα expression downward from the differentiation to the proliferation zone in the crypts in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients, and support further investigation in a larger clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakang Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Molecules to Mankind Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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