1
|
Lin KJ, Wang TJ, Chen SD, Lin KL, Liou CW, Lan MY, Chuang YC, Chuang JH, Wang PW, Lee JJ, Wang FS, Lin HY, Lin TK. Two Birds One Stone: The Neuroprotective Effect of Antidiabetic Agents on Parkinson Disease-Focus on Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121935. [PMID: 34943038 PMCID: PMC8750793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease affecting more than 1% of the population over 65 years old. The etiology of the disease is unknown and there are only symptomatic managements available with no known disease-modifying treatment. Aging, genes, and environmental factors contribute to PD development and key players involved in the pathophysiology of the disease include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagic-lysosomal imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Recent epidemiology studies have shown that type-2 diabetes (T2DM) not only increased the risk for PD, but also is associated with PD clinical severity. A higher rate of insulin resistance has been reported in PD patients and is suggested to be a pathologic driver in this disease. Oral diabetic drugs including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been shown to provide neuroprotective effects in both PD patients and experimental models; additionally, antidiabetic drugs have been demonstrated to lower incidence rates of PD in DM patients. Among these, the most recently developed drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors may provide neuroprotective effects through improving mitochondrial function and antioxidative effects. In this article, we will discuss the involvement of mitochondrial-related oxidative stress in the development of PD and potential benefits provided by antidiabetic agents especially focusing on sglt2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jer Lee
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin KL, Chen SD, Lin KJ, Liou CW, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Lin TK. Quality Matters? The Involvement of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636295. [PMID: 33829016 PMCID: PMC8019794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide. Multiple factors are known to affect the cardiovascular system from lifestyles, genes, underlying comorbidities, and age. Requiring high workload, metabolism of the heart is largely dependent on continuous power supply via mitochondria through effective oxidative respiration. Mitochondria not only serve as cellular power plants, but are also involved in many critical cellular processes, including the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating cellular survival. To cope with environmental stress, mitochondrial function has been suggested to be essential during bioenergetics adaptation resulting in cardiac pathological remodeling. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been advocated in various aspects of cardiovascular pathology including the response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular complications related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, mitochondrial homeostasis through mitochondrial dynamics and quality control is pivotal in the maintenance of cardiac health. Impairment of the segregation of damaged components and degradation of unhealthy mitochondria through autophagic mechanisms may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders. This article provides in-depth understanding of the current literature regarding mitochondrial remodeling and dynamics in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neergheen V, Chalasani A, Wainwright L, Yubero D, Montero R, Artuch R, Hargreaves I. Coenzyme Q10 in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817707771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viruna Neergheen
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Annapurna Chalasani
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Luke Wainwright
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reinauer C, Meissner T, Roden M, Thon A, Holterhus PM, Haberland H, Binder E, Marg W, Bollow E, Holl R. Low prevalence of patients with mitochondrial disease in the German/Austrian DPV diabetes registry. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:613-22. [PMID: 26670026 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and treatment of young patients (manifestation <30 years) with diabetes of mitochondrial origin (DMO), based on the German/Austrian DPV (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation) registry. Only 13 (0.02 %) of all patients with diabetes in this cohort were identified with DMO, mainly due to the Kearns-Sayre (n = 5), Pearson (n = 3), or mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome (n = 2). The onset of DMO (14.2, interquartile range (IQR) 7.1-16 years) was later than diabetes onset in individuals with T1D but earlier than in T2D. At manifestation, patients exhibited a mild elevation of blood glucose concentrations (251, IQR 178-299 mg/dl) without ketoacidosis. They had lower body mass index (BMI) values (-1.39 ± 0.28 kg/m(2)) than peers with T1D or T2D (p < 0.0001) and higher triglycerides (211, IQR 134-574 mg/dl) than in T1D (p = 0.04) while there was a high rate of dyslipidemia (86 %). Insulin requirements (0.58, IQR 0.37-0.90 U/kg/d) were between T1D and T2D while glucometabolic control (glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 7.4 ± 0.52 %) in DMO was comparable to age-matched T2D and stable over a 5-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Primary mitochondrial disorders are a rare cause of juvenile diabetes and likely to be underdiagnosed. As there is clinical overlap with T1D and T2D, dyslipidemia and low body weight may help to identify further DMO cases. WHAT IS KNOWN • In adults diabetes of mitochondrial origin (DMO) is a rare cause of non-autoimmune diabetes, affecting about 0.8 % of diabetes cases. • Common features are a maternal family history of diabetes, hearing loss and neurological abnormalities. What is New: • In our juvenile cohort 0.02 % of diabetes patients (age < 30 years) were affected by DMO, while Kearns Sayre, MELAS and Pearson syndrome were the most frequent entities. • Juvenile DMO patients exhibited dyslipidemia, higher triglycerides and a lower BMI than peers with T1D or T2D, while some patients also showed retinal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Reinauer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meissner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partners Düsseldorf and Ulm, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partners Düsseldorf and Ulm, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angelika Thon
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology & Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul-Martin Holterhus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Haberland
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Sana Hospital Berlin Lichtenberg, 10365, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, A 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Marg
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Bremen-Mitte Hospital, 28211, Bremen, Germany
| | - Esther Bollow
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhard Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 89081, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Naing A, Kenchaiah M, Krishnan B, Mir F, Charnley A, Egan C, Bano G. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD): diagnosis and management. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:542-6. [PMID: 24746802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternally inherited diabetes with deafness is rare diabetes caused by a mitochondrial DNA defect. 85% of cases are associated with m.3243A>G mutation. It is important to diagnose this form of diabetes because of the unique management issues and associated comorbidities. A very strong family history of diabetes, deafness and presence of retinal dystrophy should prompt an investigation for MIDD. Microvascular complications out of keeping with duration of diabetes are another clue to the diagnosis. Retinal and renal manifestations of mitochondrial disease may be confused for diabetic complications. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody negativity in a nonobese diabetic is another clue. Cardiac conduction defects and GDM may also raise suspicion as to the diagnosis. Recognizing this etiology of DM should promote family screening, genetic counseling, screening of associated comorbidities, avoidance of metformin, and cautious use of statins. We report a 77 years old lady with MIDD who was being followed up as insulin requiring type 2 diabetes. We then identified 5 more patients with MIDD in the same clinic. They all had A3243 mutation with characteristic clinical presentation. The pharmacological approaches discussed in the paper are unlikely to work in these patients as they were diagnosed late.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aye Naing
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. George's Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT
| | - Manohar Kenchaiah
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. George's Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT
| | - Binu Krishnan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. George's Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT
| | - Farheen Mir
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Princess Alexander Hospital, Hamstel Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 1QX
| | - Amanda Charnley
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, St. George's Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT
| | | | - Gul Bano
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's University of London, London SW17 0RE.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Role of reactive oxygen species-elicited apoptosis in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial and neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108:599-611. [PMID: 19666347 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been demonstrated to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in relation to mitochondrial and neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous studies have shown that large-scale deletions of mtDNA not only serve as an indicator of oxidative damage, but also result in greater susceptibility of human cells to apoptosis triggered by UV irradiation and other apoptotic stimuli. In this review, we focus on the involvement of mtDNA-mutation-associated oxidative stress and susceptibility to apoptosis in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial and neurodegenerative diseases. Different lines of research have provided concordant data to suggest that the mtDNA-mutation-elicited energy insufficiency and enhanced oxidative stress and damage lead to cell dysfunction, and increase the susceptibility of affected cells to apoptosis in patients with these diseases. Moreover, accumulating experimental evidence has shown that antioxidant therapy is a good strategy for decreasing intracellular ROS and alleviating oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in cells of patients that harbor pathogenic mtDNA mutations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Murphy R, Turnbull DM, Walker M, Hattersley AT. Clinical features, diagnosis and management of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) associated with the 3243A>G mitochondrial point mutation. Diabet Med 2008; 25:383-99. [PMID: 18294221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) affects up to 1% of patients with diabetes but is often unrecognized by physicians. It is important to make an accurate genetic diagnosis, as there are implications for clinical investigation, diagnosis, management and genetic counselling. This review summarizes the range of clinical phenotypes associated with MIDD; outlines the advances in genetic diagnosis and pathogenesis of MIDD; summarizes the published prevalence data and provides guidance on the clinical management of these patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Murphy
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salles JE, Kasamatsu TS, Dib SA, Moisés RS. Beta-cell function in individuals carrying the mitochondrial tRNA leu (UUR) mutation. Pancreas 2007; 34:133-7. [PMID: 17198195 DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000246659.38375.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the beta-cell function in individuals with mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or diabetes mellitus (DM). Furthermore, in diabetic individuals, we evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on insulin secretory response. METHODS Eight mutation-positive individuals with NGT (n = 4) or DM (n = 4) were studied. beta-Cell function was evaluated by C-peptide levels before and after a mixed liquid meal (Sustacal) challenge and by first-phase insulin response. RESULTS Fasting and Sustacal-stimulated C-peptide levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than that in controls (area under the curve: 104.1 +/- 75.7 vs 520.8 +/- 173.8, P = 0.001), whereas in individuals with NGT, this response was preserved (area under the curve: 537.8 +/- 74.3 vs 520.8 +/- 179.8, P = 0.87). The duration of diabetes was negatively correlated with fasting C-peptide levels (r = -0.961, P = 0.038). Among the 3 patients with residual insulin secretion, the short-term treatment with coenzyme Q10 (3 months) improved C-peptide levels in 2 of them. The first-phase insulin response was diminished in 2 individuals with NGT, the oldest ones. CONCLUSIONS We showed an impaired insulin secretory capacity in individuals carrying the A3243G mutation, this possibly being the primary defect contributing to the development of DM. In addition, our data suggest that this could be a functional defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Eduardo Salles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee CF, Liu CY, Chen SM, Sikorska M, Lin CY, Chen TL, Wei YH. Attenuation of UV-Induced Apoptosis by Coenzyme Q10in Human Cells Harboring Large-Scale Deletion of Mitochondrial DNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1042:429-38. [PMID: 15965089 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1338.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) syndrome is one of the mitochondrial diseases caused by large-scale deletions in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that impair the respiratory function of mitochondria and result in decreased production of ATP in affected tissues. In order to investigate whether CPEO-associated mtDNA mutations (i.e., 4,366-bp and 4,977-bp large-scale deletions) render human cells more vulnerable to apoptosis, we constructed cybrids carrying the deleted mtDNA. Assays for cell viability, DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation revealed that UV irradiation at 20 J/m2 triggered apoptosis in all the cybrids. This treatment also produced elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The rate of UV-induced cell death was more pronounced in the cybrids harboring mtDNA deletions than in the control cybrid with wild-type mtDNA. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the UV-triggered apoptosis. The results showed that after pretreatment of the cybrids with 100 microM coenzyme Q10 the UV-induced cell damage (i.e., ROS production and activation of caspase 3) was significantly reduced. Taken together, these findings suggest that large-scale deletions of mtDNA increased the susceptibility of human cells to the UV-triggered apoptosis and that coenzyme Q10 mitigated the damage; hence, it might potentially serve as a therapeutic agent to treat mitochondrial diseases resulting from mtDNA deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Baker SK, Tarnopolsky MA. Targeting cellular energy production in neurological disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 12:1655-79. [PMID: 14519086 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.12.10.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The concepts of energy dysregulation and oxidative stress and their complicated interdependence have rapidly evolved to assume primary importance in understanding the pathophysiology of numerous neurological disorders. Therefore, neuroprotective strategies addressing specific bioenergetic defects hold particular promise in the treatment of these conditions (i.e., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, mitochondrial cytopathies and other neuromuscular diseases), all of which, to some extent, share 'the final common pathway' leading to cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. Compounds such as creatine monohydrate and coenzyme Q(10) offer substantial neuroprotection against ischaemia, trauma, oxidative damage and neurotoxins. Miscellaneous agents, including alpha-lipoic acid, beta-OH-beta-methylbutyrate, riboflavin and nicotinamide, have also been shown to improve various metabolic parameters in brain and/or muscle. This review will highlight the biological function of each of the above mentioned compounds followed by a discussion of their utility in animal models and human neurological disease. The balance of this work will be comprised of discussions on the therapeutic applications of creatine and coenzyme Q(10).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Baker
- Neurology and Rehabilitation, Room 4U4, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations has been associated with energy deficiency in multiple organ systems and a variety of severe, often fatal, clinical syndromes. Although the production of energy is indeed the primary function of mitochondria, attention has also been directed toward their role producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the subsequent widespread deleterious effects of these intermediates. The generation of toxic reactive intermediates has been implicated in a number of relatively common disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Understanding the role mitochondrial dysfunction plays in the pathogenesis of common disorders has provided unique insights into a number of diseases and offers hope for potential new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H-315, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thyagarajan D, Byrne E. Mitochondrial disorders of the nervous system: clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic features. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2003; 53:93-144. [PMID: 12512338 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(02)53005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Thyagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahoney DJ, Parise G, Tarnopolsky MA. Nutritional and exercise-based therapies in the treatment of mitochondrial disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2002; 5:619-29. [PMID: 12394637 DOI: 10.1097/00075197-200211000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will critically summarize the nutritional and exercise-based interventions that have been used to treat mitochondrial disease, with a focus on the biochemical or molecular rationale for their use as well as recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS Many nutritional-based treatment strategies have been used in an attempt to target energy impairment and its sequelae. Recently, coenzyme Q10, idebenone and triacylglycerol have been shown to bypass defective respiratory enzymes or scavenge free radicals, whereas creatine monohydrate has provided an alternative energy source. Thiamine has been used to decrease lactate levels and increase flux through aerobic metabolism, and riboflavin has been used as a precursor to complexes I and II. Several therapies employing various antioxidants in combination with other supplements have been effective at targeting several of the final common pathways of mitochondrial disease. Miscellaneous supplements, such as L-arginine and uridine, have also had recent success. However, although positive responses have been reported with these agents, many reports have shown no benefit, and there is widespread disparity in the literature. An alternative approach to treatment is exercise training. Both resistance and endurance exercise training have had positive outcomes in patients with mitochondrial disease, although several questions remain to be answered. SUMMARY There is no currently recognized treatment for mitochondrial disease. Future clinical trials are needed, as well as research into the potential for in-vitro screening of various compounds within affected cells from patients. Until this time, an accurate diagnosis will facilitate treatment on a case-by-case basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Mahoney
- Department of Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pang CY, Lee HC, Wei YH. Enhanced oxidative damage in human cells harboring A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA: implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 54 Suppl 2:S45-56. [PMID: 11733109 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the ATP production in pancreatic beta cells play significant roles in insulin secretion in response to glucose and other nutrients. An A to G mutation in the tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene at nucleotide position (np) 3243 of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been observed in patients with MELAS syndrome and mitochondrial diabetes. Recently, some patients with mitochondrial diabetes associated with the A3243G mtDNA mutation were found to respond to coenzyme Q10 therapy. Thus, we investigated oxidative stress and peroxidative damage in a series of cybrids carrying either the wild-type adenine or the mutant-type guanine at np 3243 but having otherwise identical mtDNA sequence. The cybrids harboring >90% of the A3243G mutant mtDNA were found to have significantly lower oxygen consumption rate and electron transfer activities, and thereby had lower ATP/ADP ratios and declined energy charge. Importantly, the defective respiratory function elicited by the A3243G mtDNA mutation caused an increased oxidative stress as indicated by the decreased GSH/GSSG ratio and enhanced oxidative damage to lipids. Moreover, the cybrids harboring high proportions of the A3243G mtDNA mutation were found to be much more vulnerable to an exogenous oxidant, tert-butylhydroperoxide. We thus suggest that enhanced oxidative damage and elevated oxidative stress contribute to the decline of mitochondrial function and may be involved in the initiation and progression of the MELAS syndrome and mitochondrial diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, 112, Republic of China, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|