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Mohamed DS, Shaban NS, Labib MM, Shehata O. Sesame oil ameliorates valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: integrated in vivo-in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8485-8505. [PMID: 36271831 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sesame oil (SO) has been exhibited to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant influences. The goal of this experiment was to look into SO's hepato-protective properties and underlying processes in valproic acid (VPA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Molecular docking was carried out to clarify the functional and structural underlying mechanism of SO ameliorative effect. Mice were given 8 mL/kg/day of SO (orally) and 100 mg/kg/day of VPA (i.p.) for 21 days. The results revealed that VPA caused a considerable increase in hepatic malondialdehyde levels while decreasing the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme. There was also a significant rise in serum levels of interleukins 1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6) and a significant decrease in hepatic (PXR) gene expression level. SO co-administration with VPA significantly normalized the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status and upregulated the gene expression level of PXR. In silico docking analysis results confirmed these results. This study concluded that supplementation of SO attenuated VPA-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence, it was recommended as a dietary supplement for protection against VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Shaaban Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nema S Shaban
- Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mai M Labib
- Department of bioinformatics and computer networks, Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shehata
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Benson M, Hossain J, Darmaun D. Improved glycemic control either alone, or combined with antioxidant supplementation, fails to restore blood glutathione or markers of oxidative stress in adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Nutr Res 2023; 117:83-90. [PMID: 37515943 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In earlier studies, we showed that adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have significant glutathione (GSH) depletion and that GSH is reciprocally related to glycemic control. In both the general population and in those with diabetes, the use of over-the-counter antioxidant supplements is widespread. We hypothesized that improved glycemic control, alone or in combination with dietary antioxidants, would restore blood GSH pool. The study included 41 participants who were 15.8 ± 2.4 years of age (mean ± standard deviation) and with poorly controlled T1DM (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 8.2 ± 0.6%). Erythrocyte GSH, and 3-nitrotyrosine, F2-isoprostane, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (as markers of protein, lipid, and DNA oxidative stress, respectively) were determined in the postabsorptive state after blood glucose was maintained overnight near euglycemia. Participants were then randomized to a mix of antioxidants (vitamin C, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, β-carotene) or placebo for 3 to 6 months, and diabetes management was intensified using CSII (n = 30) or multiple daily injections (n = 11) coupled with CDE phone calls and visits with a Nutritionist. A second, identical study was performed when/if a drop in HbA1c ≥0.5% was achieved. HbA1c levels dropped similarly in both groups (from 8.9 ± 1.0% to 7.9 ± 0.9% and 8.5 ± 0.6% to 7.7 ± 0.7% in placebo and antioxidant group, respectively). Neither total nor reduced GSH was altered by improved metabolic control. Markers of protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation remained unaltered. We conclude that, in youngsters with T1DM, neither a significant improvement in diabetes control over a 3-month period nor the regimen of dietary antioxidant supplied in the current study can mitigate oxidative stress. These findings suggest that, in adolescents with T1DM, (1) more sustained improvement of diabetes control may be needed to alleviate oxidative stress and (2) the putative benefit of antioxidant supplements remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Benson
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, 32207
| | | | - Dominique Darmaun
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, 32207; UMR 1280, INRAE and Nantes University, CRNH, Nantes, France.
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Ma X, Gong H, Ogino K, Yan X, Xing R. Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:284-291. [PMID: 35281632 PMCID: PMC8895033 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can lead to permanent and irreversible damage to cellular components and even cause cancer and other diseases. Therefore, the development of antioxidative reagents is an important strategy to alleviate chronic diseases and maintain the redox balance in cells. Small-molecule bioactive compounds have exhibited huge therapeutic potential as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Myricetin (Myr), a well-known natural flavonoid, has drawn wide attention because of its high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer efficacy. Especially regarding antioxidation, Myr is capable of not only chelating intracellular transition metal ions for removing reactive oxygen species, but also of activating antioxidant enzymes and related signal pathways and, thus, of sustainably scavenging radicals. However, Myr is poorly soluble in water, which limits its bioavailability for biomedical applications, and even its clinical therapeutic potential. The antioxidant peptide glutathione (GSH) plays a role as antioxidant in cells and possesses good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. However, it is easily metabolized by enzymes. To take advantages of their antioxidation activity and to overcome the abovementioned limitations, GSH, Zn2+, and Myr were selected to co-assemble into Myr-Zn2+-GSH nanoparticles or nanoarchitectonics. This study offers a new design to harness stable, sustainable antioxidant nanoparticles with high loading capacity, high bioavailability, and good biocompatibility as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haoning Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kenji Ogino
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Al-Sowayan NS. Possible modulation of nervous tension-induced oxidative stress by vitamin E. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2563-2566. [PMID: 32994712 PMCID: PMC7499109 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an unavoidable part of human life that affects a majority of people: In 2018, 55% of Americans reported experiencing stress (Gallup Global Emotions, 2019). Various factors contribute to the emergence of nervous stress among individuals, including environmental, physical, and psychological stimuli. Physical and psychological issues arise as a result of stress, which is the subject of our research study, giving it significant practical value. Here, we have tested the possible correlation between increase in oxidation species and severe psychological issues at a community level. To understand any possible connections between these two parameters, tests were conducted on 200 rats that were divided into three general groups based on the duration of stress exposure. Each group was further divided into five smaller groups with 10–20 rats. Treatments were setup with or without vitamin E with periods of stress immobilization. Samples were then collected to conduct necessary analyses from control, experimental, and treatment groups. Immobilization stress types, i.e., acute and chronic stress, caused noticeably different physiological changes, especially with respect to nature and severity of response. Chronic stress induced different responses depending on the exposure period as well. Furthermore, vitamin E appeared to have a protective role due to its antioxidant nature, which highlights the need for investigations on oxidative stress-related disease treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorah Saleh Al-Sowayan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 30230, Buraydah 52377, Saudi Arabia
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Gould RL, Pazdro R. Impact of Supplementary Amino Acids, Micronutrients, and Overall Diet on Glutathione Homeostasis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1056. [PMID: 31083508 PMCID: PMC6566166 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant found in all eukaryotic cells. Higher GSH concentrations protect against cellular damage, tissue degeneration, and disease progression in various models, so there is considerable interest in developing interventions that augment GSH biosynthesis. Oral GSH supplementation is not the most efficient option due to the enzymatic degradation of ingested GSH within the intestine by γ-glutamyltransferase, but supplementation of its component amino acids-cysteine, glycine, and glutamate-enhances tissue GSH synthesis. Furthermore, supplementation with some non-precursor amino acids and micronutrients appears to influence the redox status of GSH and related antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, lowering systemic oxidative stress and slowing the rate of tissue deterioration. In this review, the effects of oral supplementation of amino acids and micronutrients on GSH metabolism are evaluated. And since specific dietary patterns and diets are being prescribed as first-line therapeutics for conditions such as hypertension and diabetes, the impact of overall diets on GSH homeostasis is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Vijayaraghavan K, Iyyampillai S, Subramanian SP. Antioxidant potential of zinc-flavonol complex studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Diabetes 2013; 5:149-56. [PMID: 22834931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic oxidative stress coexists with a reduction in the antioxidant status, which can further increase the deleterious effects of free radicals. Zinc is an essential trace element with significant antidiabetic activity. However, the acceptance of zinc compounds as promising therapeutic antidiabetic agents has been slowed due to concerns regarding chronic toxicity. Recently, we have designed, synthesized and characterized a novel zinc-flavonol complex and evaluated its antidiabetic efficacy in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the zinc-flavonol complex in the antioxidant status of diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by i.p. injection of STZ. Diabetic rats were then treated with the zinc-flavonol complex (5 mg/kg, p.o.) for 30 days. The extent of oxidative stress was assessed by determining lipid peroxide levels, pancreatic tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and plasma concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, nuclear levels of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, pancreatic nitric oxide (NO), and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were determined. Pancreatic tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS Oral treatment with the zinc-flavonol complex significantly improved antioxidant levels and alleviated levels of oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, significant increases were seen in NF-κB p65, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Histological observations revealed that the zinc-flavonol complex effectively protects pancreatic β-cells against oxidative damage. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that the zinc-flavonol complex has an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory role in the diabetic milieu.
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Erejuwa OO. Management of diabetes mellitus: could simultaneous targeting of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress be a better panacea? Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2965-2972. [PMID: 22489136 PMCID: PMC3317697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the current management of diabetes mellitus is to achieve and/or maintain a glycated hemoglobin level of ≤6.5%. However, recent evidence indicates that intensive treatment of hyperglycemia is characterized by increased weight gain, severe hypoglycemia and higher mortality. Besides, evidence suggests that it is difficult to achieve and/or maintain optimal glycemic control in many diabetic patients; and that the benefits of intensively-treated hyperglycemia are restricted to microvascular complications only. In view of these adverse effects and limitations of intensive treatment of hyperglycemia in preventing diabetic complications, which is linked to oxidative stress, this commentary proposes a hypothesis that “simultaneous targeting of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress” could be more effective than “intensive treatment of hyperglycemia” in the management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotayo O Erejuwa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Schmatz R, Perreira LB, Stefanello N, Mazzanti C, Spanevello R, Gutierres J, Bagatini M, Martins CC, Abdalla FH, Daci da Silva Serres J, Zanini D, Vieira JM, Cardoso AM, Schetinger MR, Morsch VM. Effects of resveratrol on biomarkers of oxidative stress and on the activity of delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in liver and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2011; 94:374-83. [PMID: 21864646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RV), a polyphenol with potent antioxidant properties, on oxidative stress parameters in liver and kidney, as well as on serum biochemical parameters of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 8): control/saline; control/RV 10 mg/kg; control/RV 20 mg/kg; diabetic/saline; diabetic/RV10 mg/kg; diabetic/RV 20 mg/kg. After 30 days of treatment with resveratrol the animals were sacrificed and the liver, kidney and serum were used for experimental determinations. Results showed that TBARS levels were significantly increased in the diabetic/saline group and the administration of resveratrol prevented this increase in the diabetic/RV10 and diabetic/RV20 groups (P < 0.05). The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and the levels of non protein thiols (NPSH) and vitamin C presented a significant decrease in the diabetic/saline group when compared with the control/saline group (P < 0.05). The treatment with resveratrol was able to prevent these decrease improving the antioxidant defense of the diabetic/RV10 and diabetic/RV20 groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamiltransferase (γ-GT) activities as well as in levels of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides observed in the diabetic/saline group were reverted to levels close to normal by the administration of resveratrol in the diabetic/RV10 and diabetic/RV20 groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that resveratrol could have a protector effect against hepatic and renal damage induced by oxidative stress in the diabetic state, which was evidenced by the capacity of this polyphenol to modulate the antioxidant defense and to decrease the lipid peroxidation in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Schmatz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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A Regenerative Antioxidant Protocol of Vitamin E and α-Lipoic Acid Ameliorates Cardiovascular and Metabolic Changes in Fructose-Fed Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:120801. [PMID: 21437191 PMCID: PMC3062110 DOI: 10.1155/2011/120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. We have determined whether the metabolic and cardiovascular changes induced by a diet high in fructose in young adult male Wistar rats could be prevented or reversed by chronic intervention with natural antioxidants. We administered a regenerative antioxidant protocol using two natural compounds: α-lipoic acid together with vitamin E (α-tocopherol alone or a tocotrienol-rich fraction), given as either a prevention or reversal protocol in the food. These rats developed glucose intolerance, hypertension, and increased collagen deposition in the heart together with an increased ventricular stiffness. Treatment with a fixed combination of vitamin E (either α-tocopherol or tocotrienol-rich fraction, 0.84 g/kg food) and α-lipoic acid (1.6 g/kg food) normalized glucose tolerance, blood pressure, cardiac collagen deposition, and ventricular stiffness in both prevention and reversal protocols in these fructose-fed rats. These results suggest that adequate antioxidant therapy can both prevent and reverse the metabolic and cardiovascular damage in type 2 diabetes.
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Ballatori N, Krance SM, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, Hammond CL. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases. Biol Chem 2009; 390:191-214. [PMID: 19166318 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and as a result, disturbances in GSH homeostasis are implicated in the etiology and/or progression of a number of human diseases, including cancer, diseases of aging, cystic fibrosis, and cardiovascular, inflammatory, immune, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to the pleiotropic effects of GSH on cell functions, it has been quite difficult to define the role of GSH in the onset and/or the expression of human diseases, although significant progress is being made. GSH levels, turnover rates, and/or oxidation state can be compromised by inherited or acquired defects in the enzymes, transporters, signaling molecules, or transcription factors that are involved in its homeostasis, or from exposure to reactive chemicals or metabolic intermediates. GSH deficiency or a decrease in the GSH/glutathione disulfide ratio manifests itself largely through an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and the resulting damage is thought to be involved in diseases, such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, imbalances in GSH levels affect immune system function, and are thought to play a role in the aging process. Just as low intracellular GSH levels decrease cellular antioxidant capacity, elevated GSH levels generally increase antioxidant capacity and resistance to oxidative stress, and this is observed in many cancer cells. The higher GSH levels in some tumor cells are also typically associated with higher levels of GSH-related enzymes and transporters. Although neither the mechanism nor the implications of these changes are well defined, the high GSH content makes cancer cells chemoresistant, which is a major factor that limits drug treatment. The present report highlights and integrates the growing connections between imbalances in GSH homeostasis and a multitude of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Ballatori
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Ble-Castillo JL, Carmona-Díaz E, Méndez JD, Larios-Medina FJ, Medina-Santillán R, Cleva-Villanueva G, Díaz-Zagoya JC. Effect of α-tocopherol on the metabolic control and oxidative stress in female type 2 diabetics. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:290-5. [PMID: 15932790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluate the effects of alpha-tocopherol on the metabolic control and oxidative stress in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty-four female type 2 diabetics 40-70 years old up to 14 years with diabetes, under medical treatment, were randomly divided in two groups. One group received placebo (Control group, n = 21) and the other received alpha-tocopherol (800 IU/day, n = 13) during 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study to measure malondialdehyde production, glycated hemoglobin, selenium dependent-glutathione peroxidase, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes and total antioxidant status, glucose, lipid and lipoproteins in serum. Erythrocyte malondialdehyde decreased and serum-total antioxidant status increased after alpha-tocopherol treatment (P < 0.0001). However, an unexpected increase on cholesterol levels and a reduced erythrocyte-Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity was observed after alpha-tocopherol treatment. alpha-Tocopherol administration did not affect glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triacylglycerides, lipoprotein levels and serum malondialdehyde. A minor oxidative stress was observed in female type 2 diabetic patients after alpha-tocopherol treatment inferred from the reduced levels of erythrocyte malondialdehyde and the increased values of total antioxidant status. On the other hand, no beneficial changes were observed on glycemic control or lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Ble-Castillo
- Hospital General de Zona No. 46, IMSS, Prolongación de Avenida Universidad Km 2.5, Colonia Casa Blanca, 86060 Villahermosa Tabasco, Mexico.
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Abstract
Accumulating research suggests that oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The normal kidney generates a substantial amount of oxidative stress because of its high metabolic activity that is balanced by an extensive antioxidant system. However, in pathologic states such as hyperglycemia, nitroso-oxidant balance shifts toward a pro-oxidant state that accelerates tissue and vascular injury. This oxidative damage progresses concomitant with worsening glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction, and kidney disease. Accordingly, strategies to reduce oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus may exert favorable effects on the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vasavada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Lapolla A, Flamini R, Dalla Vedova A, Senesi A, Reitano R, Fedele D, Basso E, Seraglia R, Traldi P. Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal Levels in Diabetic Patients: Quantitative Determination by a New GC/MS Method. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41:1166-73. [PMID: 14598866 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Determination of glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels in plasma is of great interest, since it allows us to evaluate oxidation processes occurring in glycated proteins. A method based on a simple derivatization procedure followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed. Ten diabetic patients were evaluated before and after improvement of glycemic control. Fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), advanced glycation end products (AGE), pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal levels were measured. The percentage decreases of the levels of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and AGE were larger than those of pentosidine, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These results may be explained by considering the different position of these compounds in the Maillard reaction pathways: these two sets of metabolic parameters give different pictures of patients' metabolic control. The measurement of glyoxal and methylglyoxal may be particularly important in the evaluation of the possible effect of oxidative stress. Other metabolic pathways can contribute to glyoxal production, and the observed minor decrease in these compounds can be, in principle, ascribed to such effect. However, a similar behavior of pentosidine indicates that these alternative pathways can be only partially responsible for glyoxal and methylglyoxal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Lapolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Park S, Choi SB. Effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on oxidative stress in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:728-33. [PMID: 11916760 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most Koreans with type 2 diabetes are insulin deficient and insulin resistant. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) provides a suitable amount of insulin to overcome insulin deficiency and achieve near-normal blood glucose concentrations. Our previous study showed, however, that CSII does not reduce oxidative stress even though it normalizes blood glucose concentrations. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether CSII plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation for 2 mo would alter oxidative stress in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Ninety-eight subjects received CSII plus either 200 mg alpha-tocopherol/d (n = 48) or a placebo (n = 50) for 2 mo. The general characteristics (age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, and blood glucose concentrations) of the 2 groups were not significantly different. RESULTS Fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations of all subjects were normalized after CSII. Fasting plasma insulin concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups after CSII. Lipid peroxide concentrations in plasma and red blood cells decreased and alpha-tocopherol concentrations in plasma and red blood cells increased after alpha-tocopherol supplementation. However, these changes were not affected significantly by CSII. Plasma vitamin C concentrations increased significantly after CSII plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation. However, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in red blood cells did not change significantly after CSII plus alpha-tocopherol supplementation. CONCLUSION alpha-Tocopherol supplementation was beneficial in decreasing blood lipid peroxide concentrations without altering antioxidant enzyme activities in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes treated with CSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan-Si, Korea.
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Abuja PM, Albertini R. Methods for monitoring oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistance of lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 306:1-17. [PMID: 11282089 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
After a brief discussion of lipid peroxidation mechanism and the action of antioxidants and their potential to exhibit prooxidant effects, we give an overview on the clinical relevance of oxidative stress parameters. Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress e.g. by radical damage, among them atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases, and in many cases the investigation of parameters of oxidative stress has brought substantial insights into their pathogenesis. We then briefly review methods for the continuous monitoring of lipid peroxidation processes in vitro, which has helped in elucidating their mechanism and in some more detail cover such methods which have been proposed more recently to assess oxidative status and antioxidant activity in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Abuja
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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