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Syed S, Zargar MH, Pandith A, Khan N, Ahmad R, Mahajan Q, Qazi W. Frequency of SMN1 exon 7 deletion in patients with spinal muscular atrophy in Kashmir. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Bora-Tatar G, Yesbek-Kaymaz A, Bekircan-Kurt CE, Erdem-Özdamar S, Erdem-Yurter H. Spinal muscular atrophy type III: Molecular genetic characterization of Turkish patients. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:654-8. [PMID: 26548498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. Homozygous loss of exon 7 of the Survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene is the main cause of SMA. Although progressive muscle weakness and atrophy are common symptoms, disease severity varies from severe to mild. Type III is one of the milder and less frequent forms of SMA. In this study, we report molecular genetic characteristics of 24 Turkish type III SMA patients. Homozygous loss of SMN1 exon 7 and 8 was analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA). SMN2, homologue of SMN1, and Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes were also evaluated considering their influence on disease severity. We determined that male patients who were born in consanguineous families were predominant in our cohort and these patients mostly carry the homozygous loss of SMN1 exon 7 and 8 and four copies of SMN2 gene without NAIP deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bora-Tatar
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Yesbek-Kaymaz
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Erdem-Özdamar
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayat Erdem-Yurter
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Genetic findings of Cypriot spinal muscular atrophy patients. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1829-34. [PMID: 26017350 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative disorder characterised commonly by proximal muscle weakness and wasting in the absence of sensory signs. Deletion or disruption of the SMN1 gene causes the disease. The SMN1 gene is located within an inverted duplication on chromosome 5q13 with the genes SMN2, NAIP and GTF2H2. MLPA analysis of 13 Cypriot SMA patients revealed that, 12 patients carried a homozygous SMN1 gene deletion and one patient carried two copies of the SMN1 gene. Two of 13 cases were a consequence of a paternally originating de novo mutation. Five genotypes were identified within the population, with the most frequent being a homozygous SMN1 and NAIP genes deletion. In conclusion, genotype-phenotype correlation revealed that SMN2 is inversely related to disease severity and that NAIP and GTF2H2 act as negative modifiers. This study provided, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of gene copy numbers and inheritance patterns within Cypriot SMA families.
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Sedghi M, Behnam M, Fazel E, Salehi M, Ganji H, Meamar R, Hosseinzadeh M, Nouri N. Genotype-phenotype correlation of survival motor neuron and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein genes in spinal muscular atrophy patients from Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:74. [PMID: 24627882 PMCID: PMC3950840 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and atrophy. According to the severity of the disease and the age of onset, SMA can be divided into three groups. The survival motor neuron (SMN) gene that is located on 5q13 is identified as the disease determining gene. Another gene in this region is neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), and its functional role in the pathogenesis of SMA has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the correlation between deletions in SMN and NAIP genes with clinical features of SMA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the current study, 71 unrelated Iranian patients were investigated for the detection of deletions in SMN1 and NAIP genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the deletions of exon 4 and 5 of the NAIP gene. Deletions in exon 7 and 8 of SMN1 gene were detected by RFLP-PCR with DraI and DdeI, respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that 51 patients have homozygous deletions in SMN1 and/or NAIP genes. Among these 51 patients, deletion in NAIP gene were found in 35 patients (65.7% of type I, 22.5% type II and 11.42% type III). CONCLUSION Defect in SMN1 gene plays a major role in manifesting of the disease and NAIP (4 and 5) gene acts as a modifying factor in severity of symptoms. Correlation between NAIP gene defect and severity of the disease is confirmed. However, the exact role of NAIP gene in SMA has yet to be fully clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sedghi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Behnam
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Esmat Fazel
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ganji
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Meamar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nayereh Nouri
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sifi Y, Sifi K, Boulefkhad A, Abadi N, Bouderda Z, Cheriet R, Magen M, Bonnefont JP, Munnich A, Benlatreche C, Hamri A. Clinical and Genetic Study of Algerian Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy. JOURNAL OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2013; 2013:903875. [PMID: 26317002 PMCID: PMC4437343 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the second most common lethal autosomal recessive disorder. It is divided into the acute Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (type I), the intermediate form (type II), the Kugelberg-Welander disease (type III), and the adult form (type IV). The gene involved in all four forms of SMA, the so-called survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, is duplicated, with a telomeric (tel SMN or SMN1) and a centromeric copy (cent SMN or SMN2). SMN1 is homozygously deleted in over 95% of SMA patients. Another candidate gene in SMA is the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene; it shows homozygous deletions in 45-67% of type I and 20-42% of type II/type III patients. Here we studied the SMN and NAIP genes in 92 Algerian SMA patients (20 type I, 16 type II, 53 type III, and 3 type IV) from 57 unrelated families, using a semiquantitative PCR approach. Homozygous deletions of SMN1 exons 7 and/or 8 were found in 75% of the families. Deletions of exon 4 and/or 5 of the NAIP gene were found in around 25%. Conversely, the quantitative analysis of SMN2 copies showed a significant correlation between SMN2 copy number and the type of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sifi
- Service of Neurology CHU of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics CHU and University of Constantine, Algeria
| | - K. Sifi
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics CHU and University of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU of Constantine, Algeria
| | - A. Boulefkhad
- Service of Neurology CHU of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics CHU and University of Constantine, Algeria
| | - N. Abadi
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics CHU and University of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU of Constantine, Algeria
| | - Z. Bouderda
- Service of Pediatrics CHU de Constantine, Algeria
| | - R. Cheriet
- Service of Pediatrics CHU de Constantine, Algeria
| | - M. Magen
- Genetic Department of the Necker Hospital and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - J. P. Bonnefont
- Genetic Department of the Necker Hospital and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - A. Munnich
- Genetic Department of the Necker Hospital and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - C. Benlatreche
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics CHU and University of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU of Constantine, Algeria
| | - A. Hamri
- Service of Neurology CHU of Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU of Constantine, Algeria
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Cogulu O, Durmaz B, Pehlivan S, Alpman A, Ozkinay F. Evaluation of the SMN and NAIP genes in a family: homozygous deletion of the SMN2 gene in the fetus and outcome of the pregnancy. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:287-8. [PMID: 19397406 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cogulu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Omrani O, Bonyadi M, Barzgar M. Molecular analysis of the SMN and NAIP genes in Iranian spinal muscular atrophy patients. Pediatr Int 2009; 51:193-6. [PMID: 19405914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells, leading to muscular atrophy. SMA is clinically classified into three subgroups based on the age of onset and severity. The majority of patients with SMA have homozygous deletions of exons 7 and 8 of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of SMN and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) gene deletions in Iranian SMA patients. Experience in prenatal diagnosis of SMA in this population is also reported. METHODS To study the frequency of deletions of SMN and NAIP genes in an Iranian sample group, 75 unrelated SMA patients (54 type I, eight type II and 13 type III) were analyzed according to the methods described by van der Steege et al and Roy et al. RESULTS Homozygous deletion of SMN1 exons 7 and/or 8 were identified in 68 out of 75 patients (90%). Deletion of exon 5 of the NAIP gene was found in 40/54 of type I, 2/8 of type II and 1/13 of type III patients. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of the SMN1 gene is a major cause of SMA in Iran, and NAIP gene deletions were common in the present patients with type I SMA. Also, the incidence of NAIP deletion is higher in more severe SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Omrani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Yamashita M, Nishio H, Harada Y, Matsuo M, Yamamoto T. Significant increase in the number of the SMN2 gene copies in an adult-onset Type III spinal muscular atrophy patient with homozygous deletion of the NAIP gene. Eur Neurol 2004; 52:101-6. [PMID: 15305106 DOI: 10.1159/000080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The patient was a 57-year-old Japanese man who gradually developed muscle atrophy and weakness in the trunk and limbs since the age of 20 years and was wheelchair bound at the age of 56 years. The gene copy number assay confirmed the combined homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron (SMN) 1 and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes and showed the presence of 4 copies of the SMN2 gene. In this patient, the significant increase in the number of the SMN2 gene copies should compensate for the homozygous deletion of the SMN1 gene and make his disease milder despite the absence of the NAIP gene. Taken together with our previous data, we may reasonably hypothesize that the SMN2 gene copy number is more critical in determining the severity of the disease compared to the NAIP genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital and Medical Center based on Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Imperial Gift Foundation Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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Savas S, Eraslan S, Kantarci S, Karaman B, Acarsoz D, Tükel T, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F, Basaran S, Aydinli K, Yuksel-Apak M, Kirdar B. Prenatal prediction of childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in Turkish families. Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:703-9. [PMID: 12210580 DOI: 10.1002/pd.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the most common neurodegenerative genetic disorders. SMN1 is the SMA-determining gene deleted or mutated in the majority of SMA cases. There is no effective cure or treatment for this disease yet. Thus, the availability of prenatal testing is important. Here we report prenatal prediction for 68 fetuses in 63 Turkish SMA families using direct deletion analysis of the SMN1 gene by restriction digestion. The genotype of the index case was known in 40 families (Group A) but unknown in the remaining 23 families (Group B). A total of ten fetuses were predicted to be affected. Eight of these fetuses were derived from Group A and two of these fetuses were from Group B families. Two fetuses from the same family in Group A had the SMNhyb1 gene in addition to homozygous deletion of the NAIP gene. One fetus from Group A was homozygously deleted for only exon 8 of the SMN2 gene, and further analysis showed the presence of both the SMN1 and SMNhyb1 genes but not the SMN2 gene. In addition, one carrier with a homozygous deletion of only exon 8 of the SMN1 gene was detected to have a SMNhyb2 gene, which was also found in the fetus. To our knowledge, these are the first prenatal cases with SMNhyb genes. Follow-up studies demonstrated that the prenatal predictions and the phenotype of the fetuses correlated well in 33 type I pregnancies demonstrating that a careful molecular analysis of the SMN genes is very useful in predicting the phenotype of the fetus in families at risk for SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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