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Gao L, Gu L, Shu H, Chen J, Zhu J, Wang B, Shi Y, Song R, Li K, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Z. The reduced left hippocampal volume related to the delayed P300 latency in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2054-2062. [PMID: 32308167 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is characterized by delayed P300 latency and reduced grey matter (GM) volume, respectively. The relationship between the features in aMCI is unclear. This study was to investigate the relationship between the altered P300 latency and the GM volume in aMCI. METHODS Thirty-four aMCI and 34 well-matched normal controls (NC) were studied using electroencephalogram during a visual oddball task and scanned with MRI. Both tests were finished in the same day. RESULTS As compared with the NC group, the aMCI group exhibited delayed P300 latency in parietal cortex and reduced GM volumes in bilateral temporal pole and left hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus. A remarkable negative correlation was found between delayed P300 latency and reduced left hippocampal volume only in the aMCI group. Interestingly, the mediating analysis found P300 latency significantly mediated the association between right supramarginal gyrus volume and information processing speed indicated by Stroop Color and Word Test A scores. CONCLUSIONS The association between delayed P300 latency and reduced left hippocampal volume in aMCI subjects suggests that reduced left hippocampal volume may be the potential structural basis of delayed P300 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Lihua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Hao Shu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Jianli Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453003, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453002, China
| | - Yachen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Ruize Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453003, China
| | - Xianrui Li
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453003, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453002, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453003, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Institution of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210009, China
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan453003, China
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2
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Jee S. Brain Oscillations and Their Implications for Neurorehabilitation. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2021; 14:e7. [PMID: 36742108 PMCID: PMC9879411 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activities, which can be observed at all levels of the central nervous system (CNS). The large-scale oscillations measured by electroencephalography have long been used in clinical practice and may have a potential for the usage in neurorehabilitation for people with various CNS disorders. The recent advancement of computational neuroscience has opened up new opportunities to explore clinical application of the results of neural oscillatory activity analysis to evaluation and diagnosis; monitoring the rehab progress; prognostication; and personalized rehabilitation planning in neurorehabilitation. In addition, neural oscillation is catching more attention to its role as a target of noninvasive neuromodulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungju Jee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.,Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Medical Rehabilitation Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.,Daejeon Chungcheong Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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3
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Tarawneh HY, Mulders WH, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN, Jayakody DM. Investigating Auditory Electrophysiological Measures of Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Event-Related Potential Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:419-448. [PMID: 34569950 PMCID: PMC8609695 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectively measuring auditory functions has been proposed as an avenue in differentiating normal age-related cognitive dysfunction from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its prodromal states. Previous research has suggested auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) to be non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to review the published literature on AERPs measures in older adults diagnosed with AD and those at higher risk of developing AD, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline. METHODS The search was performed on six major electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus). Articles identified prior to 7 May 2019 were considered for this review. A random effects meta-analysis and analysis of between study heterogeneity was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS The search identified 1,076 articles; 74 articles met the full inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review, and 47 articles were included into the analyses. Pooled analysis suggests that AD participants can be differentiated from controls due to significant delays in ABR, N100, P200, N200, and P300 latencies. P300 amplitude was significantly smaller in AD participants compared to controls. P300 latencies differed significantly between MCI participants and controls based on the pooled analysis. CONCLUSION The findings of this review indicate that some AERPs may be valuable biomarkers of AD. In conjunction with currently available clinical and neuropsychological assessments, AERPs can aid in screening and diagnosis of prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Y. Tarawneh
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | | | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dona M.P. Jayakody
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Ear Science Centre, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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4
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Saraf SL, Hsu JY, Ricardo AC, Mehta R, Chen J, Chen TK, Fischer MJ, Hamm L, Sondheimer J, Weir MR, Zhang X, Wolf M, Lash JP. Anemia and Incident End-Stage Kidney Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:623-630. [PMID: 33117990 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000852020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression can be a cause and potentially a consequence of anemia. Previous studies suggesting that anemia is associated with CKD progression have not utilized methodologic approaches to address time-dependent confounding. Methods We evaluated the association of anemia (defined using World Health Organization criteria of hemoglobin <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men) with incident ESRD and all-cause death in individuals with CKD using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Marginal structural models were used to account for time-dependent confounding. Results Among 3919 participants, 1859 (47.4%) had anemia at baseline. Over median follow up of 7.8 years, we observed 1,010 ESRD events and 994 deaths. In multivariable analyses, individuals with anemia had higher risk for ESRD compared to those without (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.24-2.11). In stratified analyses, the increased risk for incident ESRD with anemia was observed in males (HR 2.15, 95% CI: 1.53-3.02) but not females (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.82-1.78. The association between anemia and ESRD was significant among all racial/ethnic groups except non-Hispanic blacks (non-Hispanic white, HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.53-3.06; Hispanic, HR 1.92, 1.04-3.51; others, HR 2.94; 95% CI 1.16-7.44; non-Hispanic black, HR 1.39; 95% CI 0.95-2.02). There was no association between anemia and all-cause death. Conclusions In this cohort, anemia was independently associated with increased risk for incident ESRD. Future work is needed to evaluate the mechanisms by which anemia leads to CKD progression as well as the impact of novel therapeutic agents to treat anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh L Saraf
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jesse Y Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ana C Ricardo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rupal Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.,Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Teresa K Chen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael J Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.,Research Service, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois
| | - Lee Hamm
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Matthew R Weir
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Myles Wolf
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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5
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Rimke AN, Ahmed SB, Turin TC, Pendharkar SR, Raneri JK, Lynch EJ, Hanly PJ. Effect of CPAP therapy on kidney function in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and chronic kidney disease: a protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024632. [PMID: 30904853 PMCID: PMC6475212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to the progression of kidney disease either through direct effects of hypoxia on the kidney or indirectly through hypoxaemia-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems, and hypertension. Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves many of these physiological abnormalities in patients with normal renal function, though to date there are no trials evaluating the effect of OSA treatment on kidney function in patients with CKD. The purpose of this study is to test the feasibility and efficacy of CPAP therapy in CKD patients with OSA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The study is a randomised, controlled, non-blinded, parallel clinical trial in which patients with established CKD are screened for OSA. Patients with OSA are randomised to either conventional medical therapy (control group) or medical therapy and CPAP (CPAP group) and followed for 1 year. The primary outcome is the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate. Secondary outcomes are the change in the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale , Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Kidney Disease Quality of Life questionnaire. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (ID: REB15-0055). Results from this study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02420184; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick J Hanly
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Shukin IA, Lebedeva AV, Soldatov MA, Fidler MC. [Post-stroke rehabilitation training with a brain-computer interface: a clinical and neuropsychological study]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:25-29. [PMID: 30132452 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20181187125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and mild cognitive impairment predominantly of vascular origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Treatment results of 140 patients, aged 60-74, with chronic cerebral ischemia were analyzed. The main group included 77 patients (35 men and 42 women of average age 66.38±4.64 years) who received cytoflavin throughout the observation period: 2 tablets twice a day 30 minutes before meals. The comparison group included 63 patients (26 men and 37 women of average age 67.48±5.22 years) who during the whole period of observation received ethyl methyl hydroxypyridine succinate: 2 tablets (250 mg) twice a day, according to the same scheme as in the main group. Treatment efficacy was assessed by neuropsychological testing and P300 evoked potentials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION During treatment, there was an improvement in neurophysiological parameters in both groups, which was more pronounced in patients treated with cytoflavin: their P300 amplitude increased by1.3 times in the left hemisphere (from 9.21 (8.36, 10.11) to 12.41 (10.23, 13.37 μV) and 1,7 times in the right hemisphere (from 6.48 (5.26, 7.35) to 11.04 (9.29, 12.18) μV). Our study confirms the advisability of using drugs that have complex cytoprotective and energy-correcting mechanism in patients with cognitive impairment. Cytoflavin has shown the high efficacy and safety and can be recommended as part of complex therapy for cognitive disorders. Using simple and inexpensive instrumental methods (assessment of cognitive P300 evoked potential) along with diagnostic scales in patients with cognitive impairment can significantly objectify the assessment of treatment dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Shukin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lebedeva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Soldatov
- Pirogov City Clinical Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
| | - M C Fidler
- Pirogov City Clinical Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Wang P, Zhang H, Han L, Zhou Y. Cortical function in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Transl Neurosci 2016; 7:116-125. [PMID: 28123831 PMCID: PMC5234521 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are the most common causes of dementia; however, their overlapping clinical syndromes and involved brain regions make a differential diagnosis difficult. We aimed to identify the differences in the cognition and motor cortex excitability between AD and bvFTD patients. Methods Twenty-seven AD patients and 30 bvFTD patients were included in the study. Each participant received a neurological evaluation. Cognitive event-related potentials (P300) were recorded during an auditory oddball task. Next, the excitability of the motor cortex, including the resting, facilitated motor threshold (RMT and FMT) and cortical silent period (CSP), were assessed during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results The bvFTD patients exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies compared with AD patients. There was a significant negative correlation between cognition and P300 latency in the bvFTD group. The AD patients showed significantly reduced RMT and FMT values compared to the bvFTD group; however, no significant correlation was found between AD severity and the excitability of the motor cortex. Conclusions Cognition and motor cortical functions are different between AD and bvFTD patients. Noninvasive electrophysiological examinations have the potential to identify unique pathophysiological features that can be used to differentially diagnose AD and bvFTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of electrophysiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P.R. China
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Calzavacca P, May CN, Bellomo R. Glomerular haemodynamics, the renal sympathetic nervous system and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:2178-2184. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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9
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Howe AS, Bani-Fatemi A, De Luca V. The clinical utility of the auditory P300 latency subcomponent event-related potential in preclinical diagnosis of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Cogn 2014; 86:64-74. [PMID: 24565814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis investigated the clinical utility of the auditory P300 latency event-related potential in differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and unaffected controls. Effect size estimates were computed from mean P300 latency measurements at midline electrodes between patients and unaffected controls using the random effects restricted maximum likelihood model. The effects of clinical and ERP/EEG methological variables were assessed in a moderator analysis. P300 latency was found to be significantly prolonged in patients with AD (and MCI) compared to unaffected controls. Shortened P300 latencies were observed when comparing patients with MCI to patients with AD. Clinically relevant differences in P300 latency effect sizes were associated with mean age, interstimulus interval, stimulus difference, target frequency, reference electrode, and sampling rate. The meta-analytic findings provide robust statistical evidence for the use of the auditory P300 latency subcomponent as a biological marker of prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S Howe
- PharmacoEEG Study Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Ali Bani-Fatemi
- PharmacoEEG Study Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- PharmacoEEG Study Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T 1R8, Canada
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Nagasu H, Satoh M, Kuwabara A, Yorimitsu D, Sakuta T, Tomita N, Kashihara N. Renal denervation reduces glomerular injury by suppressing NAD(P)H oxidase activity in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2889-98. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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11
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Schellart NA, Reits D. Influences of perinatal dioxin load to visual motion and oddball stimuli examined with an EEG and MEG analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Aminoff MJ, Goodin DS. Electrophysiological evaluation of dementia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 89:63-74. [PMID: 18631731 DOI: 10.1016/s0072-9752(07)01205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Aminoff
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0114, USA.
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Maurage P, Philippot P, Verbanck P, Noel X, Kornreich C, Hanak C, Campanella S. Is the P300 deficit in alcoholism associated with early visual impairments (P100, N170)? An oddball paradigm. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:633-44. [PMID: 17208045 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies exploring chronic alcoholism with event-related potentials (ERPs) have shown delayed latency and reduced amplitude of the P300, a long-lasting positive potential reflecting decisional processing. This P300 deficit in alcoholism is generally interpreted as a disturbance in central nervous system inhibition or in memory/attention. The present study aimed at identifying if this electrophysiological deficit is already present on earlier components, and advances a new hypothesis concerning the interpretation of the P300 alteration. METHODS Patients suffering from alcoholism and matched healthy controls had to detect, in an oddball paradigm, emotional faces among a succession of neutral faces. Behavioral performance and ERP data (recorded from 32 electrodes) were analyzed. RESULTS In line with previous studies, data showed that alcoholism led to a P300 deficit. Moreover, we observed for the first time that this deficit begins at earlier visual (P100) and face-processing (N170) stages, and we found high positive correlations between P100, N170 and P300 for amplitude and latency values, suggesting cumulative deficits on the cognitive continuum. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the P300 deficit observed in chronic alcoholism could be linked to earlier visuo-spatial deficits rather than being an impairment of the specific processes linked to the P300. SIGNIFICANCE These results call for reconsidering the interpretation of P300 impairments at a fundamental and clinical level, and shows that earlier ERP components must be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maurage
- Cognitive Neurosciences and Clinical Psychology Research Units, Faculty of Psychology, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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14
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Wada K, Mizuguchi Y, Wada Y, Ohno Y, Iino Y. Hyperlipidaemia, lack of sleep and smoking as risk factors for proteinuria among high altitude mountain trekkers. Nephrology (Carlton) 2006; 11:131-6. [PMID: 16669975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The number of alpine accidents has been increasing among trekkers in Japan. Some of the alpine accidents have been related to acute mountain sickness (AMS). At present, the mechanism of AMS is poorly clarified, however, it is well known that hypoxia at high altitudes plays an important role. A good relation exists between proteinuria, altitude and hypoxia. However, no reports are available concerned with the risk factors of proteinuria for trekkers at high altitudes. METHODS The authors evaluated 41 trekkers and 13 highlanders (cabin employees) through physical examinations and interviews held in a mountain cabin (2300 m above sea level) located in a mountain (2926 m above sea level) in the Japanese Alps. First, urine samples were collected and urinalysis was performed. Second, non-invasive blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured using a portable life monitor. RESULTS Proteinuria was present in 20 (49%) participants. Past history of hyperlipidaemia, amount of sleep, and smoking history are independently associated with proteinuria. Among the physiological examinations conducted at the cabin, only systolic blood pressure demonstrated strong association with proteinuria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using a score combining past history of hyperlipidaemia, amount of sleep and smoking history revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of proteinuria at the cut-off score of 2 was 80%. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that these three variables were significantly and independently correlated with proteinuria: hyperlipidaemia, amount of sleep (night before) and smoking history. Improvement of these three variables might decrease the risk of alpine accidents including AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Wada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Social Insurance Central General Hospital, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Pearlstein RD, Whitten C, Haerich P. Assessing neurocognitive dysfunction in cranial radiotherapy: can cognitive event-related potentials help? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2006; 5:109-25. [PMID: 16551131 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive changes are common sequelae of cancer and cancer treatment, particularly in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy (RT). These effects are typically assessed by subjective clinical examination or using objective neuropsychological tests. Biologically based neurophysiological methods have been increasingly applied to the study of cognitive processing in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and as objective measures of cognitive status for patients with dementia. These methods detect the activation of neural circuits that directly mediate cognitive function in the human brain and include metabolic and electrophysiology based techniques. Neuroimaging procedures such as 18FDG PET and more recently fMRI, which detect metabolic activation associated with cognitive processing, provide excellent spatial resolution and can be directly correlated with neuroradiological findings associated with cranial RT neurotoxicity. Clinical electrophysiology procedures such as cognitive event-related potentials (ERP), which detect the neuronal electrical activity associated with cognitive processing, offer excellent temporal resolution at low cost. Cognitive ERP techniques are already being used to assess severity and progression of cognitive dysfunction in patients with vascular and degenerative dementias, but have been largely overlooked in studies of radiation-related cognitive impairments. We review these various electrophysiological methods in the context of their relevance to assessing cranial RT effects on cognitive function, and provide recommendations for a neurophysiological approach to supplement current neuropsychological tests for RT cognitive impairments. This technology is well suited for clinical assessment of neurocognitive sequelae of cancer and should provide new insights into the mechanism of RT-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Pearlstein
- Department of Surgery/Neurosurgery, Duke University and Medical Center, Box 3388 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Yamamoto Y, Kadota M, Nishimura Y. A case of maxacalcitol-resistant confluent and reticulated papillomatosis successfully treated with minocycline. J Dermatol 2006; 33:223-4. [PMID: 16620232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Konda T, Enomoto A, Matsushita J, Takahara A, Moriyama T. The N- and L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker Cilnidipine Suppresses Renal Injury in Dahl Rats Fed a High-Sucrose Diet, an Experimental Model of Metabolic Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 101:p1-13. [PMID: 15886499 DOI: 10.1159/000085713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The L/N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) cilnidipine has been demonstrated to suppress progressive renal disease in a variety of experimental models, but the characteristic effects of N-type calcium channel blocking action on renal injury have not been examined in detail. Therefore, we investigated the beneficial effects of cilnidipine on renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD), which mimics metabolic syndrome, and compared them with the effects of an L-type CCB, amlodipine. METHODS Male Dahl S rats were divided into groups with similar blood pressure at 8 weeks of age and fed an HSD. They received vehicle, cilnidipine or amlodipine for 27 weeks. At 35 weeks of age, urine and blood samples were collected for physiological analysis, and the kidneys were removed for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Cilnidipine reduced albuminuria, glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular expression of ICAM-1, ED-1-positive cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis compared with vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, amlodipine had no effect on these parameters. Urinary norepinephrine excretion, renal expression of renin mRNA and renal tissue levels of angiotensin II were increased only in the amlodipine-treated group. CONCLUSION Cilnidipine provided superior protection against renal damage compared with amlodipine in Dahl S rats given an HSD. The different effects between these two drugs may be partly explained by their different actions on the renal sympathetic nerve activity and the renin-angiotensin system through the N-type calcium channel blocking action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Konda
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki, Japan.
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Denton KM, Luff SE, Shweta A, Anderson WP. DIFFERENTIAL NEURAL CONTROL OF GLOMERULAR ULTRAFILTRATION. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31:380-6. [PMID: 15191417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The renal nerves constrict the renal vasculature, causing decreases in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Whether renal haemodynamics are influenced by changes in renal nerve activity within the physiological range is a matter of debate. We have identified two morphologically distinct populations of nerves within the kidney, which are differentially distributed to the renal afferent and efferent arterioles. Type I nerves almost exclusively innervate the afferent arteriole whereas type II nerves are distributed equally on the afferent and efferent arterioles. We have also demonstrated that type II nerves are immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y, whereas type I nerves are not. This led us to hypothesize that, in the kidney, distinct populations of nerves innervate specific effector tissues and that these nerves may be selectively activated, setting the basis for the differential neural control of GFR. In physiological studies, we demonstrated that differential changes in glomerular capillary pressure occurred in response to graded reflex activation of the renal nerves, compatible with our hypothesis. Thus, sympathetic outflow may be capable of selectively increasing or decreasing glomerular capillary pressure and, hence, GFR by differentially activating separate populations of renal nerves. This has important implications for our understanding of the neural control of body fluid balance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Denton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002; 17:395-402. [PMID: 11994897 DOI: 10.1002/gps.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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