Retrovesical hydatid disease: a clinical study of 27 cases

Retrovesical hydatid cyst: A rare presentation of echinococcosis - A case report

This case details a 42-year-old farmer experiencing ten months of lower abdominal pain, diagnosed with a retrovesical hydatid cyst (RVHC). Imaging, including ultrasound and CT scans, categorized the cyst as Gharbi type 3. Serological tests confirmed echinococcal antibodies. Surgical intervention comprised the resection of the cyst's prominent dome, following one month of albendazole therapy. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach is highlighted, emphasizing collaboration among urologists, radiologists, and parasitologists for optimal outcomes. This case discussion contributes to the existing literature, providing insights into the management of this rare manifestation of echinococcosis.

Prevesical hydatid cyst: A case report

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus granulosus either in its adult or larval forms. Original pelvic cysts are rare; however, the majority of abdominal and pelvic hydatid cysts are believed to result from inadvertent surgical inoculation or spontaneous rupture from a primary hepatic focus. We present a 35-year-old female patient who visited our facility complaining of lower abdominal pain that had persisted for the last 5 months.

Retrovesical hydatid cyst: an unusual location of hydatid disease about a case series

Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonosis in regions with temperate climates where pastoral farming is common. Retrovesical localization is rare. Given the rarity of this entity, the lack of personal clinical experience, and the difficulty with detecting early symptoms, the diagnosis remains elusive for years.

Methods

This is a 30-year retrospective, descriptive and analytic study of seven patients who were hospitalized and operated on in the Department of Urology during 30 years (1990-2019).

Outcomes

The average patient age was 54 years (range: 28-76). Signs of bladder irritation were the predominant presenting complaint. No cases of hydaturia were noted. Preoperative diagnosis was based on ultrasonography and serology tests. Hydatid serology was positive for three patients. In three cases, a hydatid cyst of the liver was associated. A partial cystopericystectomy was performed for five patients, it was total for one patient. The resection of the prominent dome was realized once. No cystovesical fistula was found. The mean postoperative stay was 16 days. The postoperative course was uneventful for five patients. Urinary fistula occurred in one patient. One case of infection of the residual cavity was observed. One patient had a retroperitoneal cyst recurrence requiring reoperation.

Conclusion

The preoperative diagnosis of retrovesical hydatid cysts is based mainly on ultrasonography. Open surgery is the treatment of choice. Different approaches are possible. Given the rarity of this entity, management should be guided by experienced experts.

Conquering new battlegrounds: Successful management of isolated giant retrovesical hydatid cyst with robotic assistance

Hydatid disease (HD) is an accidental human parasitic infestation by cestodes and is most commonly caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Liver happens to be the most common site of involvement, although involvement of other organ symptoms is not uncommon. Involvement of the retrovesical pouch by hydatidosis is generally secondary in nature with an incidence of 0.1%–0.5% only. Primary retrovesical hydatid cyst (RVHC) is extremely rare with only few cases in existing literature. RVHC can present with a wide gamut of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to obstructive uropathy. A 38-year-old male presented to us with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and was found to have an isolated primary retrovesical hydatid cyst on evaluation. The RVHC had compressed the right ureter leading to a grossly hydronephrotic non-functional right kidney. The patient was started on albendazole therapy and underwent robot assisted right nephroureterectomy and partial pericystectomy for the RVHC. The postoperative period was uneventful with resolution of symptoms. This report highlights the various clinical presentations of RVHC as well as the minimal invasive management of this rare entity.

Unusual localization and coexistence of primary hydatid cyst: a case report

Hydatid cysts are zoonotic parasitic infections caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Although witnessed in all body parts, the first and most important locations for this parasite are the liver and lungs. Unusually, hydatid cysts are rarely located in the pelvic region. The majority of such cysts generally develop secondary to spontaneous rupture of an hepatic hydatic cyst or due to surgical inoculation. Incidentally diagnosed in a patient admitted with the picture of acute abdomen, a case of primary hydatid cyst located in retrovesical region, an uncommon localization for hydatid cysts, is presented in this report. In patients admitted with symptoms of abdominal pain in endemic regions, and in those suspected of having unidentified cystic lesions, the unusual localization of a primary hydatid cyst should be considered.

Hepatic hydatid disease complications: review of imaging findings and clinical implications

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The liver is the most commonly affected organ, and hepatic hydatid disease complications are not uncommon. Hydatid cyst superinfection, intrabiliary rupture, and direct rupture into the thoracic or abdominal cavities are the frequently encountered complications. Other exceedingly rare complications include rupture of the cyst into hollow viscera, abdominal wall invasion, and hepatic vasculature-related complications such as portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari syndrome. These complications have variable clinical presentations and imaging findings and require different medical and surgical managements. We aim to provide a spectrum of imaging findings of different common and uncommon complications of hepatic hydatid disease with emphasis on their clinical implications.

Tailgut Cyst and Perineal Hydatid Cyst: A Case Report with Multimodality Imaging Findings

A tailgut cyst is a rare developmental lesion and usually is located in the retrorectal or presacral space. Extrahepatic hydatid disease has been reported in several locations including the pelvis and it often poses a diagnostic challenge. There are very few reported cases of primary perineal hydatid cysts. We present the multimodality imaging findings of a tailgut cyst and concurrent perineal hydatid disease in a 32-year-old male patient.

Laparoscopic management of a hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland

Hydatid disease is endemic in parts of India, yet genitourinary involvement is rare. Laparoscopic management of such cases is uncommonly reported. We present a case of an adrenal hydatid and its management by laparoscopic aspiration, instillation of scolicidal solution, and partial excision of the cyst.

Laparoscopic Palanivelu-hydatid-system aided management of retrovesical hydatid cyst

Hydatid cysts of the retrovesical region are rare. They are often adherent to the adjacent bowel and bladder, and complete removal is associated with potential injuries. The Palanivelu hydatid system allows minimally invasive treatment of hydatid cysts with no adjacent organ injuries. We describe the laparoscopic management of a pelvic hydatid cyst using this system.

[Retrovesical hydatid cyst in children: report of 3 cases]

Retrovesical hydatid cyst is rare, even in endemic regions. From a presentation of three cases, the authors will review the clinical findings and illustrate the imaging features of this pathology and relate diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.

Primary retrovesical hydatidosis causing chronic renal failure

Hydatidosis is an endemic, widely distributed zoonosis, which involves the liver, lung and other organs. Isolated retrovesical involvement is an uncommon location of occurrence, which may rarely cause chronic renal failure. We profile the presentation, management and outcome of three such cases.

Echinococcosis involving the liver, retrovesical and seminal vesicle presented with syncope

Hydatid disease of the urogenital system, especially of the retroperitoneum and seminal vesicles, is a very rare condition. We report a case of hydatid disease located in the liver, retrovesical region and seminal vesicle that was diagnosed incidentally while investigating the etiology of syncope. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography revealed hypoecoic multicystic masses which had thin septations and walls in the liver, retrovesical region and seminal vesicle. Abdominal computed tomography examination showed multicystic low attenuation masses in the same region. Pelvic magnetic resonance image findings revealed multiple cystic masses in the retrovesical region and the right seminal vesicle. In conclusion, the diagnosis of hydatid disease should be kept in mind with patients who have cystic lesions in seminal vesicle and retrovesical region.

The Experimental Model of Hydatidosis in Rabbit Testis

OBJECTIVES

Although no part of the human anatomy is invulnerable to hydatid disease, it has been reported to occur mostly in vital organs such as liver, lungs and brain. Hydatid disease of the urinary tract is uncommon accounting for only 2% of all such cases. Testes are extremely rare sites for echinococcosis. To our knowledge there are only 3 cases of testicular hydatid cyst described. In this animal model, we studied echinococcosis in rabbit testis.

METHODS

We directly infected the unilateral testis of 4 male rabbits with infective protoscolices via intratesticular injection and housed them under pathogen-free conditions for 10 weeks. All rabbits survived during the follow-up period and then, at the 10th week, all testes were removed for histopathologic investigation.

RESULTS

Despite of the direct infection of the rabbit testes with Echinococcus granulosus, there was no demonstrable hydatid cyst after a 10-week period except from some fibrosis in the injection tract of the testicular tissue in 1 case.

CONCLUSION

The testes are extremely rare anatomic locations for echinococcosis infection. The mechanism of this resistance should be another reason apart from blood-testicular barrier. We think that low temperature in the scrotum or different properties of the testicular tissue may be the reasons of this defense mechanism. If this hypothesis clarifies with the further studies, new treatment options may be defined in the medical literature for the hydatid cyst.

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of zoonotic cestode infections: an update

This paper reviews the literature on zoonotic cestode infections with specific reference to the years 1999-2003. The sources and prevalence of various zoonotic tapeworm infections caused by adult and larval stages of the genera Taenia, Echinococcus, Diphyllobothrium, Hymenolepis and Dipylidium continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality, not only in most underdeveloped countries but also in industrialized countries, particularly in rural areas or among immigrant groups from endemic areas. The review gives a detailed report on recent molecular epidemiological studies on the taxonomy and phylogenetic variations in Echinococcus granulosus, immunological tests and imaging techniques used in epidemiological surveys and clinical investigations of important adult and larval tapeworm infections of animals and humans. Larval stages or metacestodes of Taenia solium, Echinococcus spp. and pseudophyllidean tapeworms (Spirometra syn. Diphyllobothrium spp.) may reside in various tissues of their intermediate hosts, including humans. In particular, Cysticercus cellulosae (T. solium) and the larvae of E. granulosus, and E. multilocularis, which are predominantly located in the liver, lungs and central nervous system forming various types of cysts, lead to a complex of systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Relatively rare clinical manifestations are seen in the muscles, subcutaneous tissue, spleen, kidneys, bones and body cavities.