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Vitale M, Kranjc N, Leigh J, Kyrou K, Courty T, Marston L, Grilli S, Crisanti A, Bernardini F. Y chromosome shredding in Anopheles gambiae: Insight into the cellular dynamics of a novel synthetic sex ratio distorter. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011303. [PMID: 38848445 PMCID: PMC11189259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to explore the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, the Y chromosome of this species remains enigmatic. The large number of repetitive and heterochromatic DNA sequences makes the Y chromosome exceptionally difficult to fully assemble, hampering the progress of gene editing techniques and functional studies for this chromosome. In this study, we made use of a bioinformatic platform to identify Y-specific repetitive DNA sequences that served as a target site for a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The activity of Cas9 in the reproductive organs of males caused damage to Y-bearing sperm without affecting their fertility, leading to a strong female bias in the progeny. Cytological investigation allowed us to identify meiotic defects and investigate sperm selection in this new synthetic sex ratio distorter system. In addition, alternative promoters enable us to target the Y chromosome in specific tissues and developmental stages of male mosquitoes, enabling studies that shed light on the role of this chromosome in male gametogenesis. This work paves the way for further insight into the poorly characterised Y chromosome of Anopheles gambiae. Moreover, the sex distorter strain we have generated promises to be a valuable tool for the advancement of studies in the field of developmental biology, with the potential to support the progress of genetic strategies aimed at controlling malaria mosquitoes and other pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vitale
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nace Kranjc
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Leigh
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyrous Kyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Courty
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Marston
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Grilli
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Bernardini
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Steinberg ER, Bressa MJ, Mudry MD. Sex chromosome systems in Neotropical Primates: What have we learnt so far from cytogenetics and genomics? J Evol Biol 2022; 35:1589-1600. [PMID: 35731796 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical Primates (Platyrrhini) show great diversity in their life histories, ecology, behaviour and genetics. This diversity extends to their chromosome complements, both to autosomes and to sex chromosomes. In this contribution, we will review what is currently known about sex chromosomes in this group, both from cytogenetic and from genomic evidence. The X and Y chromosomes in Neotropical Primates, also known as New World Monkeys, have striking structural differences compared with Old World Monkeys when Catarrhini sex chromosomes are considered. The XY bivalent displays a different meiotic behaviour in prophase I, and their Y chromosome shows extensive genomic differences. Even though the most widespread sex chromosome system is the XX/XY and thus considered the ancestral one for Platyrrhini, modifications of this sexual system are observed within this group. Multiple sex chromosome systems originated from Y-autosome translocations were described in several genera (Aotus, Callimico and Alouatta). In the howler monkeys, genus Alouatta, an independent origin of the sexual systems in South American and Mesoamerican species was postulated. All the above-mentioned evidence suggests that the Y chromosome of Platyrrhini has a different evolutionary history compared with the Catarrhini Y. There is still much to understand regarding their sex chromosome systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ruth Steinberg
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE). Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Bressa
- Grupo de Citogenética de Insectos. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Dolores Mudry
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE). Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución (EGE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Caetano de Barros L, Piscor D, Parise-Maltempi PP, Feldberg E. Differentiation and Evolution of the W Chromosome in the Fish Species of Megaleporinus (Characiformes, Anostomidae). Sex Dev 2018; 12:204-209. [DOI: 10.1159/000489693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Unraveling the Sex Chromosome Heteromorphism of the Paradoxical Frog Pseudis tocantins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156176. [PMID: 27214234 PMCID: PMC4877019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical frog Pseudis tocantins is the only species in the Hylidae family with known heteromorphic Z and W sex chromosomes. The Z chromosome is metacentric and presents an interstitial nucleolar organizer region (NOR) on the long arm that is adjacent to a pericentromeric heterochromatic band. In contrast, the submetacentric W chromosome carries a pericentromeric NOR on the long arm, which is adjacent to a clearly evident heterochromatic band that is larger than the band found on the Z chromosome and justify the size difference observed between these chromosomes. Here, we provide evidence that the non-centromeric heterochromatic bands in Zq and Wq differ not only in size and location but also in composition, based on comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and an analysis of the anuran PcP190 satellite DNA. The finding of PcP190 sequences in P. tocantins extends the presence of this satellite DNA, which was previously detected among Leptodactylidae and Hylodidae, suggesting that this family of repetitive DNA is even older than it was formerly considered. Seven groups of PcP190 sequences were recognized in the genome of P. tocantins. PcP190 probes mapped to the heterochromatic band in Wq, and a Southern blot analysis indicated the accumulation of PcP190 in the female genome of P. tocantins, which suggests the involvement of this satellite DNA in the evolution of the sex chromosomes of this species.
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Trukhina AV, Lukina NA, Nekrasova AA, Smirnov AF. Sex inversion and epigenetic regulation in vertebrates. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zurano JP, Ojeda DS, Bidau CJ, Molina WF, Ledesma MA, Martinez PA. A comparison of heterochromatic regions in three species of neotropical canids. ZOOL ANZ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wolf JB, Bryk J. General lack of global dosage compensation in ZZ/ZW systems? Broadening the perspective with RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:91. [PMID: 21284834 PMCID: PMC3040151 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes face the challenge of large-scale imbalance in gene dose. Microarray-based studies in several independent male heterogametic XX/XY systems suggest that dosage compensation mechanisms are in place to mitigate the detrimental effects of gene dose differences. However, recent genomic research on female heterogametic ZZ/ZW systems has generated surprising results. In two bird species and one lepidopteran no evidence for a global dosage compensating mechanism has been found. The recent advent of massively parallel RNA sequencing now opens up the possibility to gauge the generality of this observation with a broader phylogenetic sampling. It further allows assessing the validity of microarray-based inference on dosage compensation with a novel technology. RESULTS We here exemplify this approach using massively parallel sequencing on barcoded individuals of a bird species, the European crow (Corvus corone), where previously no genetic resources were available. Testing for Z-linkage with quantitative PCR (qPCR,) we first establish that orthology with distantly related species (chicken, zebra finch) can be used as a good predictor for chromosomal affiliation of a gene. We then use a digital measure of gene expression (RNA-seq) on brain transcriptome and confirm a global lack of dosage compensation on the Z chromosome. RNA-seq estimates of male-to-female (m:f) expression difference on the Z compare well to previous microarray-based estimates in birds and lepidopterans. The data further lends support that an up-regulation of female Z-linked genes conveys partial compensation and suggest a relationship between sex-bias and absolute expression level of a gene. Correlation of sex-biased gene expression on the Z chromosome across all three bird species further suggests that the degree of compensation has been partly conserved across 100 million years of avian evolution. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that the study of dosage compensation has become amenable to species where previously no genetic resources were available. Massively parallele transcriptome sequencing allows re-assessing the degree of dosage compensation with a novel tool in well-studies species and, in addition, gain valuable insights into the generality of mechanisms across independent taxonomic group for both the XX/XY and ZZ/ZW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bw Wolf
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, August-Thienemannstr, 2, 24306 Plön, Germany.
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Khil PP, Camerini-Otero RD. Molecular Features and Functional Constraints in the Evolution of the Mammalian X Chromosome. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 40:313-30. [PMID: 16338684 DOI: 10.1080/10409230500356703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genomic sequencing of multiple organisms have fostered significant advances in our understanding of the evolution of the sex chromosomes. The integration of this newly available sequence information with functional data has facilitated a considerable refinement of our conceptual framework of the forces driving this evolution. Here we address multiple functional constraints that were encountered in the evolution of the X chromosome and the impact that this evolutionary history has had on its modern behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P Khil
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Berset-Brändli L, Jaquiéry J, Broquet T, Ulrich Y, Perrin N. Extreme heterochiasmy and nascent sex chromosomes in European tree frogs. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1577-85. [PMID: 18426748 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated sex-specific recombination rates in Hyla arborea, a species with nascent sex chromosomes and male heterogamety. Twenty microsatellites were clustered into six linkage groups, all showing suppressed or very low recombination in males. Seven markers were sex linked, none of them showing any sign of recombination in males (r=0.00 versus 0.43 on average in females). This opposes classical models of sex chromosome evolution, which envision an initially small differential segment that progressively expands as structural changes accumulate on the Y chromosome. For autosomes, maps were more than 14 times longer in females than in males, which seems the highest ratio documented so far in vertebrates. These results support the pleiotropic model of Haldane and Huxley, according to which recombination is reduced in the heterogametic sex by general modifiers that affect recombination on the whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Berset-Brändli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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A ZZ–ZW sex chromosome system in the finless eel Dalophis imberbis (Anguilliformes, Ophichtidae). Genetica 2008; 135:283-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Identification of novel chicken microRNAs and analysis of their genomic organization. Gene 2008; 418:34-40. [PMID: 18511220 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a family of small noncoding RNAs with important regulatory roles in diverse biological processes ranging from cell differentiation to organism development. In chickens, the full set of miRNAs and the expression patterns of miRNAs during development are still poorly understood when compared to the other vertebrates. In this study, we identified 29 novel miRNAs and 140 potential miRNA loci in the chicken genome by combining the experimental and computational analyses. Detailed expression patterns of 49 miRNAs were first characterized by Northern blotting and indicated the cooperativity of the miRNA expression with their function in embryogenesis and organogenesis. Twenty-seven miRNA clusters were systematically evaluated in the chicken genome and diverse expression patterns for closely linked miRNAs were observed. Our results significantly expand the set of known miRNAs in the chicken and provide the basis for understanding the structural and functional evolution of miRNA genes in vertebrates.
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Terencio ML, Schneider CH, Gross MC, Silva AMD, Feldberg E, Porto JIR. Comparative cytogenetics of Carnegiella marthae and Carnegiella strigata (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) and description of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Smith JJ, Voss SR. Bird and mammal sex-chromosome orthologs map to the same autosomal region in a salamander (ambystoma). Genetics 2007; 177:607-13. [PMID: 17660573 PMCID: PMC2013703 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.072033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested hypotheses concerning the origin of bird and mammal sex chromosomes by mapping the location of amniote sex-chromosome loci in a salamander amphibian (Ambystoma). We found that ambystomatid orthologs of human X and chicken Z sex chromosomes map to neighboring regions of a common Ambystoma linkage group 2 (ALG2). We show statistically that the proportion of human X and chicken Z orthologs observed on ALG2 is significantly different from the proportion that would be expected by chance. We further show that conserved syntenies between ALG2 and amniote chromosomes are identified as overlapping conserved syntenies when all available chicken (N = 3120) and human (N = 14,922) RefSeq orthologs are reciprocally compared. In particular, the data suggest that chromosomal regions from chicken chromosomes (GGA) Z and 4 and from human chromosomes (HSA) 9, 4, X, 5, and 8 were linked ancestrally. A more distant outgroup comparison with the pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals ALG2/GGAZ/HSAX syntenies among three pairs of ancestral chromosome duplicates. Overall, our results suggest that sex chromosomal regions of birds and mammals were recruited from a common ancestral chromosome, and thus our findings conflict with the currently accepted hypothesis of separate autosomal origins. We note that our results were obtained using the most immediate outgroup to the amniote clade (mammals, birds, and other reptiles) while the currently accepted hypothesis is primarily based upon conserved syntenies between in-group taxa (birds and mammals). Our study illustrates the importance of an amphibian outgroup perspective in identifying ancestral amniote gene orders and in reconstructing patterns of vertebrate sex-chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology and Spinal Cord and Brian Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
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Berset-Brändli L, Jaquiéry J, Perrin N. Recombination is suppressed and variability reduced in a nascent Y chromosome. J Evol Biol 2007; 20:1182-8. [PMID: 17465927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been elaborated to account for the evolutionary decay commonly observed in full-fledged Y chromosomes. Enhanced drift, background selection and selective sweeps, which are expected to result from reduced recombination, may all share responsibilities in the initial decay of proto-Y chromosomes, but little empirical information has been gathered so far. Here we take advantage of three markers that amplify on both of the morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes of the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) to show that recombination is suppressed in males (the heterogametic sex) but not in females. Accordingly, genetic variability is reduced on the Y, but in a way that can be accounted for by merely the number of chromosome copies per breeding pair, without the need to invoke background selection or selective sweeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Berset-Brändli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Castiglia R, Makundi R, Corti M. The origin of an unusual sex chromosome constitution in Acomys sp. (Rodentia, Muridae) from Tanzania. Genetica 2006; 131:201-7. [PMID: 17180438 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-9127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a case which presents an evident variation from the "standard" XX/XY sex chromosomal constitution in a rodent, Acomys sp. This species known to be found in three localities of East Africa has only recently been separated from A. spinosissimus, its closest relative. In our study, five specimens of Acomys sp. and eight specimens of A. spinosissimus were live-trapped in five localities. Comparisons between the two taxa assed by G-banding show a complete homology in the chromosomal shape and banding pattern for 29 pairs of chromosomes corresponding to the complete autosomal set of A. spinosissimus. However, while all the A. spinosissimus analysed have 2n = 60 and a XY-XX system, in Acomys sp. males and females constitute mosaics for sex chromosomes in the bone marrow cells. Females (2n = 59, 60) have an excess (97%) of aneuploid cells with one single giant X chromosome, and males (2n = 60, 61) show X0/XY cells occurring in somatic tissues and XY cells in the germinal lineage. In addition, an odd heterochromatic submetacentric chromosome was identified in all the cells examined in two males and a female of Acomys sp. Since this chromosome was not related to sex determination and it is not present in all the analysed specimens, it can be considered as a B chromosome. Finally, the in situ fluorescence hybridisation (FISH) with telomeric probes showed a very intense interstitial telomeric signal (ITS) at the medial part on the long heterochromatic arm of the X chromosome. This could be due to recent chromosomal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castiglia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell'Uomo, Università di Roma La Sapienza, via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Roma, Italy.
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Manolakou P, Lavranos G, Angelopoulou R. Molecular patterns of sex determination in the animal kingdom: a comparative study of the biology of reproduction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006; 4:59. [PMID: 17101057 PMCID: PMC1660543 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining sexual fate is an integral part of reproduction, used as a means to enrich the genome. A variety of such regulatory mechanisms have been described so far and some of the more extensively studied ones are being discussed. For the insect order of Hymenoptera, the choice lies between uniparental haploid males and biparental diploid females, originating from unfertilized and fertilized eggs accordingly. This mechanism is also known as single-locus complementary sex determination (slCSD). On the other hand, for Dipterans and Drosophila melanogaster, sex is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes and the sex switching gene, sxl. Another model organism whose sex depends on the X:A ratio, Caenorhabditis elegans, has furthermore to provide for the brief period of spermatogenesis in hermaphrodites (XX) without the benefit of the "male" genes of the sex determination pathway. Many reptiles have no discernible sex determining genes. Their sexual fate is determined by the temperature of the environment during the thermosensitive period (TSP) of incubation, which regulates aromatase activity. Variable patterns of sex determination apply in fish and amphibians. In birds, while sex chromosomes do exist, females are the heterogametic (ZW) and males the homogametic sex (ZZ). However, we have yet to decipher which of the two (Z or W) is responsible for the choice between males and females. In mammals, sex determination is based on the presence of two identical (XX) or distinct (XY) gonosomes. This is believed to be the result of a lengthy evolutionary process, emerging from a common ancestral autosomal pair. Indeed, X and Y present different levels of homology in various mammals, supporting the argument of a gradual structural differentiation starting around the SRY region. The latter initiates a gene cascade that results in the formation of a male. Regulation of sex steroid production is also a major result of these genetic interactions. Similar observations have been described not only in mammals, but also in other vertebrates, emphasizing the need for further study of both normal hormonal regulators of sexual phenotype and patterns of epigenetic/environmental disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Manolakou
- Experimental Embryology Unit, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Athens University, Greece
| | - Giagkos Lavranos
- Experimental Embryology Unit, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Athens University, Greece
| | - Roxani Angelopoulou
- Experimental Embryology Unit, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Athens University, Greece
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Turner JMA. Sex chromosomes make their mark. Chromosoma 2005; 114:300-6. [PMID: 16025338 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-005-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M A Turner
- MRC National Institute for Medical Research Division, Stem Cell Research and Developmental Genetics, London, UK.
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Yoshido A, Marec F, Sahara K. Resolution of sex chromosome constitution by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization with (TTAGG) n telomeric probe in some species of Lepidoptera. Chromosoma 2005; 114:193-202. [PMID: 16021495 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-005-0013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a simple method to resolve the sex chromosome constitution in females of Lepidoptera by using a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization with (TTAGG)( n ) telomeric probe (telomere-FISH). In pachytene configurations of sex chromosomes, GISH differentiated W heterochromatin and telomere-FISH detected the chromosome ends. With this method we showed that Antheraea yamamai has a standard system with a fully differentiated W-Z sex chromosome pair. In Orgyia antiqua, we confirmed the presence of neo-W and neo-Z chromosomes, which most probably originated by fusion of the ancestral W and Z with an autosome pair. In contrast to earlier data, Orgyia thyellina females displayed a neo-ZW(1)W(2) sex chromosome constitution. A neo-WZ(1)Z(2) trivalent was found in females of Samia cynthia subsp. indet., originating from a population in Nagano, Japan. Whereas another subspecies collected in Sapporo, Japan, and determined as S. cynthia walkeri, showed a neo-W/neo-Z bivalent similar to O. antiqua, and the subspecies S. cynthia ricini showed a Z univalent (a Z/ZZ system). The combination of GISH and telomere-FISH enabled us to acquire not only reliable information about sex chromosome constitution but also an insight into sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Yoshido
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University N9, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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