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Morel C, Martinez Sanchez I, Cherifi Y, Chartrel N, Diaz Heijtz R. Perturbation of maternal gut microbiota in mice during a critical perinatal window influences early neurobehavioral outcomes in offspring. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109479. [PMID: 36870672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key environmental factor that shapes host development and physiology, including neural circuits formation and function. Concurrently, there has been growing concern that early-life antibiotic exposure may alter brain developmental trajectories, increasing the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we assessed whether perturbation of the maternal gut microbiota in mice during a narrow critical perinatal window (last week of pregnancy and first three postnatal days), induced by exposure to a commonly used broad-spectrum oral antibiotic (ampicillin), influences offspring neurobehavioral outcomes relevant to ASD. Our results demonstrate that neonatal offspring from antibiotic-treated dams display an altered pattern of ultrasonic communication, which was more pronounced in males. Moreover, juvenile male, but not female, offspring from antibiotic-treated dams showed reduced social motivation and social interaction, as well as context-dependent anxiety-like behavior. However, no changes were observed in locomotor or exploratory activity. This behavioral phenotype of exposed juvenile males was associated with reduced gene expression of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and several tight-junction proteins in the prefrontal cortex, a key region involved in the regulation of social and emotional behaviors, as well as a mild inflammatory response in the colon. Further, juvenile offspring from exposed dams also showed distinct alterations in several gut bacterial species, including, Lactobacillus murinus, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the maternal microbiome in early-life, and how its perturbation by a widely used antibiotic could contribute to atypical social and emotional development of offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Morel
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Yamina Cherifi
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
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Muratori F, Apicella F. Being Born Autistic and the Forming of the Interpersonal World. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2022.2007019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Use of Home Videos for Investigation of Early Development and Skill Loss in Children Diagnosed with Autistic Regression: a Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Waltereit J, Czieschnek C, Albertowski K, Roessner V, Waltereit R. Family and Developmental History of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Importance of the Clinical Diagnostic Interview for Diagnosis in Adolescents. An Explorative Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:703023. [PMID: 34764892 PMCID: PMC8575716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be made early in childhood, but also later in adolescence or adulthood. In the latter cases, concerns about an individual's behavior typically lead to consultation of a mental health professional (MHP). As part of the initial clinical examination by the MHP, a clinical diagnostic interview is performed, in order to obtain the patient's history, and may lead to the hypothesis of ASD. We were here interested to study family and developmental history as key parts of the patient's history. The aim of the study was to investigate empirical differences between adolescents with ASD and adolescent control persons in family and developmental history. Method: Clinical diagnostic interview items addressing family and developmental history were adopted from their regular use at several university hospitals and in leading textbooks. Parents of male adolescents with normal intelligence and an ASD diagnosis (n = 67) and parents of male adolescents without psychiatric diagnosis (n = 51) between the age of 12 and 17 years were investigated. Data were operationalized into three categories: 0 = normal behavior, 1 = minor pathological behavior, and 2 = major pathological behavior. Differences were analyzed by multiple t-test of two-way ANOVA. Results: Adolescents with ASD expressed a profile of items significantly differing from control persons. Comparison of significant items with the empirical ASD literature indicated robust accordance. Conclusions: Our findings support the importance and feasibility of the clinical diagnostic interview of family and developmental history for initiation of the diagnostic process of ASD in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Czieschnek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Albertowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Hamazaki K, Matsumura K, Tsuchida A, Kasamatsu H, Tanaka T, Ito M, Inadera H. Maternal dietary intake of fish and PUFAs and child neurodevelopment at 6 months and 1 year of age: a nationwide birth cohort-the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1295-1303. [PMID: 32766751 PMCID: PMC7657336 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although emerging evidence indicates a relation between maternal intake of fish and improved child neurodevelopment, the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether dietary consumption of fish during pregnancy is associated with offspring neurodevelopment at age 6 mo and 1 y. As exploratory research, we also examined the association between consumption of PUFAs and neurodevelopment at the same time points. METHODS After exclusion and multiple imputation from a dataset comprising 104,065 records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we evaluated 81,697 and 77,751 mother-child pairs at age 6 mo and 1 y, respectively. RESULTS Maternal fish intake during pregnancy was independently associated with reduced risk of delay in problem-solving at age 6 mo (lowest compared with highest quintile OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.99; P-trend = 0.01) and in fine motor skills (highest quintile OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02) and problem-solving (fourth quintile OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98; and highest quintile OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; P-trend = 0.005) at age 1 y. Dietary intake of total n-3 PUFAs was associated with reduced risk of delay in fine motor skills at 6 mo, and in fine motor skills and problem-solving at 1 y. Dietary intake of total n-6 PUFAs was associated with reduced risk of delay in communication and fine motor skills at 6 mo, and in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and problem-solving at 1 y. In contrast, the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio was positively associated with increased risk of delay in problem-solving at 1 y. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest there might be beneficial effects of fish intake during pregnancy on some domains of child psychomotor development and this effect might be partially explained by PUFA intake from fish. Trial registration: UMIN000030786.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Matsumura
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuchida
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Kasamatsu
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
KamijimaMichihiroprincipal investigatorNagoya City University, Nagoya, JapanYamazakiShinNational Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, JapanOhyaYukihiroNational Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, JapanKishiReikoHokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanYaegashiNobuoTohoku University, Sendai, JapanHashimotoKoichiFukushima Medical University, Fukushima, JapanMoriChisatoChiba University, Chiba, JapanItoShuichiYokohama City University, Yokohama, JapanYamagataZentaroUniversity of Yamanashi, Chuo, JapanInaderaHidekuniUniversity of Toyama, Toyama, JapanNakayamaTakeoKyoto University, Kyoto, JapanIsoHiroyasuOsaka University, Suita, JapanShimaMasayukiHyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, JapanKurozawaYouichiTottori University, Yonago, JapanSuganumaNarufumiKochi University, Nankoku, JapanKusuharaKoichiUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, JapanKatohTakahikoKumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Geng X, Kang X, Wong PCM. Autism spectrum disorder risk prediction: A systematic review of behavioral and neural investigations. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 173:91-137. [PMID: 32711819 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A reliable diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is difficult to make until after toddlerhood. Detection in an earlier age enables early intervention, which is typically more effective. Recent studies of the development of brain and behavior in infants and toddlers have provided important insights in the diagnosis of autism. This extensive review focuses on published studies of predicting the diagnosis of autism during infancy and toddlerhood younger than 3 years using behavioral and neuroimaging approaches. After screening a total of 782 papers, 17 neuroimaging and 43 behavioral studies were reviewed. The features for prediction consist of behavioral measures using screening tools, observational and experimental methods, brain volumetric measures, and neural functional activation and connectivity patterns. The classification approaches include logistic regression, linear discriminant function, decision trees, support vector machine, and deep learning based methods. Prediction performance has large variance across different studies. For behavioral studies, the sensitivity varies from 20% to 100%, and specificity ranges from 48% to 100%. The accuracy rates range from 61% to 94% in neuroimaging studies. Possible factors contributing to this inconsistency may be partially due to the heterogeneity of ASD, different targeted populations (i.e., high-risk group for ASD and general population), age when the features were collected, and validation procedures. The translation to clinical practice requires extensive further research including external validation with large sample size and optimized feature selection. The use of multi-modal features, e.g., combination of neuroimaging and behavior, is worth further investigation to improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Geng
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Xin Kang
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick C M Wong
- Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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7
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Tokunaga A, Akiyama T, Miyamura T, Honda S, Nakane H, Iwanaga R, Tanaka G. Neonatal behavior and social behavior and sensory issues in 18-month toddlers. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1202-1209. [PMID: 31655009 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has long existed a need for early detection and early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to demonstrate, in a prospective manner, the relationship between behavioral features during the neonatal period and social behavior and sensory issues at 18 months. METHODS Participants were 105 full-term infants considered "healthy" by an obstetrician. The behavioral features of the infants were evaluated using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) between 2 and 7 days after birth. Follow-up assessments were conducted 18 months later using a Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT-JV) and the Infant / Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). RESULTS Sixteen (15.2%) of the 105 infants were M-CHAT-JV-positive. There were significant differences between the M-CHAT-JV-positive and M-CHAT-JV-negative groups in two of the NBAS clusters: orientation and motor. We observed a significant negative correlation between the NBAS orientation cluster and the ITSP "low registration" and "auditory processing" sections, as well as between the NBAS motor cluster and the ITSP "sensation avoiding" and "tactile processing" sections. Logistic regression analysis showed that the NBAS orientation cluster and ITSP low registration were significantly associated with the M-CHAT-JV at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a relationship between the NBAS orientation cluster in full-term neonates and their social behavior and sensory features at 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tokunaga
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Unit Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Sumihisa Honda
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakane
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Unit Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Iwanaga
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Unit Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Science, Unit Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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8
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Lee HY, Vigen C, Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Smith I, Brian J, Watson LR, Crais ER, Turner-Brown L, Reznick JS, Baranek GT. The Performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI) Screening on a Sample of High-Risk 12-Month-Olds Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 36 Months. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4957-4973. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Vllasaliu L, Jensen K, Dose M, Hagenah U, Hollmann H, Kamp-Becker I, Lechmann C, Poustka L, Sinzig J, Spitzcok von Brisinski I, van Elst LT, Will D, Vogeley K, Freitag CM. Diagnostik von Autismus- Spektrum-Störungen im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter: Überblick zu den wesentlichen Fragestellungen und Ergebnissen des ersten Teils der S3-Leitlinie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:359-370. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) umfassen die ICD-10-Diagnosen (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) frühkindlicher Autismus, Asperger-Syndrom und atypischer Autismus und zeigen eine Lebenszeitprävalenz von bis zu 1 %. Die S3-Leitlinie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. hat zum Ziel, evidenzbasierte Diagnostik und Therapie für professionelle Akteure im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem systematisch zusammenzufassen und klinische Empfehlungen zu konsentieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zum Teil Diagnostik zusammen. Methodik: Die Leitliniengruppe besteht aus 14 klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften sowie Patienten-/Angehörigen-Vertretern. Die Empfehlungen basieren dabei auf den Ergebnissen systematischer Literatursuche, Datenextraktion, Studienqualitäts-Bewertung sowie metaanalytischer Datenaggregation in Kombination mit der klinischen Expertise der jeweiligen Vertreter. Die Empfehlungen wurden anhand eines nominalen Gruppenprozesses abgestimmt. Ergebnisse: Der aktuelle Forschungsstand zur Diagnostik wird zusammengefasst. Dabei liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf der Frage der Notwendigkeit und Entbehrlichkeit verschiedener Bestandteile des diagnostischen Prozesses. Nach einer allgemeinen Einführung zum Krankheitsbild werden insbesondere die wesentlichen Aspekte der Anamnese, die sinnvolle Verwendung von Screening- und Diagnostikinstrumenten, die internistisch-neurologische Untersuchung, apparative Diagnostik, testpsychologische Untersuchung, Aufklärung und Beratung sowie sinnvolle Verlaufsdiagnostik detailliert dargestellt. Schlussfolgerung: Die ASS-Leitlinie gibt evidenzbasierte, klinisch konsentierte Empfehlungen zum Prozess der Diagnostik von ASS im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter. Sie bietet Anwendern zudem die Möglichkeit, sich in kurzer Zeit über die Hintergründe der Störung sowie verschiedene diagnostische Instrumente zu informieren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Vllasaliu
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Autismus-Therapie- und Forschungszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität
| | - Katrin Jensen
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Informatik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Matthias Dose
- kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum gemeinnützige GmbH; München-Ost; Sitz Haar, Landkreis München
| | - Ulrich Hagenah
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | | | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Judith Sinzig
- Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, LVR-Klinik Bonn, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Bonn
| | | | | | - Diana Will
- Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeutin, Leiterin der Ambulanz und Beratungsstelle Kiel und der Autismus-Therapiezentren (ATZ) Neumünster und Lübeck von Hilfe für das autistische Kind e. V. Landesverband Schleswig-Holstein, Timmendorfer Strand
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Zentrum für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Köln
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Autismus-Therapie- und Forschungszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität
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Miller LE, Burke JD, Robins DL, Fein DA. Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Low Mental Age. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:1080-1095. [PMID: 30406437 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostic tools are not designed for mental ages (MA) below 12 months. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were examined in 2-year-olds with ASD-low MA (n = 53), Global Developmental Delay (GDD; n = 175), and ASD-higher MA (n = 425). ADOS and CARS demonstrated similar agreement with clinical diagnosis, but ADOS over-classified ASD in low MA, whereas CARS both over- and under-classified. All ADOS items differentiated GDD from ASD. Elementary social behaviors (e.g., eye contact, social interest) were similar across ASD groups, although advanced skills (e.g., pointing, play) were more impaired in ASD-low MA. ASD-low MA, a severe presentation, may require a modified ADOS algorithm to account for developmental delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Burke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Diana L Robins
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah A Fein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Boterberg S, Charman T, Marschik PB, Bölte S, Roeyers H. Regression in autism spectrum disorder: A critical overview of retrospective findings and recommendations for future research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:24-55. [PMID: 30917924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Historically, two onset patterns in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were described: early onset of symptoms and regression in which one-third appear to show a loss of previously established skills in the second year of life. Since this phenomenon could represent a distinct ASD subtype and provide more insight into the etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis, many studies have compared these two groups. The present review discusses definitions, etiology, and methods used in research with a retrospective design and provides an overview of the results on early development and outcomes. However, retrospective research has not provided clear answers on regression as a distinct subtype of ASD and the historic division between early onset and regression does not seem to fit the empirical findings. Based on inconsistent results, future research on onset patterns in ASD needs to be more systematic on the definitions and methods used. Several recommendations to enhance the reliability of future retrospective results are discussed. The combination of a categorical and dimensional approach provides a new interesting framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Boterberg
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter B Marschik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; iDN - Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Timing of Parents' Concerns Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Diagnosis: A Mediation Analysis. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 21:E59. [PMID: 30477592 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2018.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parents are the first to indicate concerns about their child's development in up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They often notice symptoms related to ASD around the first two years, but the average age of diagnosis is 3.5 years old. This study examined the relationships between parents' early concerns and the time lag between suspicion and diagnosis. Forty-eight Spanish-speaking families were enrolled in this study. Parents were asked about early signs that made them think that their child could possibly have ASD. Mediation analyses showed that the child's age at suspicion mediated between sibling status and the time lag between suspicion and a formal diagnosis (β = -.53, p < .01). Having another child with typical development accelerated parents' detection of ASD signs (β = -.62, p < .001). The number of social-communication concerns that parents detected mediated this relationship (β = -.28, p < .01). Parents who reported more social-communication concerns perceived these signs earlier, but have to cope with a longer time lag until diagnosis than those who reported more concerns related to restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests, or other developmental concerns. Moreover, this relationship between concerns of ASD and the diagnoses was explained by the child's age. Training pediatricians on how to respond to parent questions and concerns could reduce the time lag between parents' concerns and diagnosis of ASD.
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Nyström P, Bölte S, Falck-Ytter T. Responding to Other People's Direct Gaze: Alterations in Gaze Behavior in Infants at Risk for Autism Occur on Very Short Timescales. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:3498-3509. [PMID: 28871495 PMCID: PMC5633639 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Atypical gaze processing has been reported in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here we explored how infants at risk for ASD respond behaviorally to others' direct gaze. We assessed 10-month-olds with a sibling with ASD (high risk group; n = 61) and a control group (n = 18) during interaction with an adult. Eye-tracking revealed less looking at the adult in the high risk group during 300-1000 ms after the adult initiated direct gaze: a short alteration that is likely to go unnoticed by the naked eye. Data aggregated over longer segments (the traditional eye-tracking approach) showed no group differences. Although findings are limited by lack of outcome data, they are in line with theories linking atypical eye processing to the emergence of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Nyström
- Uppsala Child & Babylab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 75142 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Uppsala Child & Babylab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 75142 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women’s & Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose core features of impaired social communication and atypical repetitive behaviors and/or restrictions in range of interests emerge in toddlerhood and carry significant implications at successive stages of development. The ability to reliably identify most cases of the condition far earlier than the average age of diagnosis presents a novel opportunity for early intervention, but the availability of such an intervention is disparate across US communities, and its impact is imperfectly understood. New research may transform the clinical approach to these conditions in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Constantino
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Natasha Marrus
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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15
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Zantinge G, van Rijn S, Stockmann L, Swaab H. Psychophysiological responses to emotions of others in young children with autism spectrum disorders: Correlates of social functioning. Autism Res 2017; 10:1499-1509. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Zantinge
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies at Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Rijn
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies at Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Lex Stockmann
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies at Leiden University; Leiden The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition; Leiden The Netherlands
- Centre for Autism, Rivierduinen; Leiden The Netherlands
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16
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Music therapy microanalysis of parent-infant interaction in a three-month-old infant later diagnosed with autism. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY REPORT 2016. [DOI: 10.5114/hpr.2017.63845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Background</b><br />
Infant research literature has described for a long time the main aspects of parentese (motherese and fatherese) referring to musicality and specifically to musical language. It is believed that there is a deep analogy between the vital affects experienced by the child during interaction with the parent and the type of parentese that is a direct representation of them. Disruption of parentese has been described in early autism. The aim of this paper was to achieve a better understanding of this disruptive process.<br />
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<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
Sequences of parent-infant interaction extracted from one home movie of a child later diagnosed with autism were analyzed in a micro-musical way in order to create a musical score that allows the description of parent-infant interaction in a new way (considering form, pulse, rhythm, melody, timbre and silence).<br />
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<b>Results</b><br />
Musical microanalysis is able to highlight features not brought out by other kinds of analysis. The first fragment is dominated by the anxiety of the mother, who attempts to stimulate the unresponsive infant. In the second fragment there is a change in musicality parallel to changes in the relationship: the mother participates in and coordinates the infant’s experience through rhythm, prosody and musical dynamics. This change persists in the third fragment.<br />
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<b>Conclusions</b><br />
Musical transcription of parent-infant interactions has allowed us to highlight changes occurring in a short time during early interactions and to get a closer view of the disruptive process created by autism. This kind of research represents a potential shift in autism research, by focusing on dynamic parent-infant interactions instead of single behaviors of the child or of the parent. The usefulness of Stern’s concept of intersubjective communion is discussed.
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17
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Paquet A, Olliac B, Bouvard MP, Golse B, Vaivre-Douret L. The Semiology of Motor Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders as Highlighted from a Standardized Neuro-Psychomotor Assessment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1292. [PMID: 27672371 PMCID: PMC5018946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered motor performance has been described in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with disturbances in walking; posture, coordination, or arm movements, but some individuals with ASD show no impairment of motor skills. The neuro-developmental processes that underpin the performance of neuro-psychomotor functions have not been widely explored, nor is it clear whether there are neuro-psychomotor functions specifically affected in ASD. Our objective was to focus on the semiology of motor disorders among children with ASD using a neuro-developmental assessment tool. Method: Thirty-four children with ASD, with or without intellectual deficit (ID) were recruited in a child psychiatry department and Autism Resource Centers. Initial standard evaluations for diagnosis (psychiatric; psychological; psychomotor) were supplemented by a standardized assessment battery for neuro-developmental psychomotor functions (NP-MOT). Results: The results of some NP-MOT tests differed between children with ASD with ID and those without. However, on the NP-MOT battery, neither of the two groups did well in the bi-manual and finger praxia tests (36 and 52% respectively failed). Manual and digital gnosopraxia showed some deficit (63 and 62% respectively failed). Postural deficits were found in tests for both static equilibrium (64%) and dynamic (52%). There were also difficulties in coordination between the upper and lower limbs in 58% of children. We found 75% failure in motor skills on the M-ABC test. Concerning muscular tone, significant laxity was observed in distal parts of the body (feet and hands), but hypertonia was observed in the proximal muscles of the lower limbs (reduced heel-ear angle). Discussion: The results of manual and digital gnosopraxia tests point to a planning deficit in children with autism. A gesture programming deficit is also highlighted by the poor results in manual praxis, and by failures in the M-ABC tests despite prior training of the child. However, concerning global motor function, a significant difference was observed between children with and without ID. Our findings suggest a semiology of tone deregulation between proximal versus distal muscles, indeterminate tonic laterality, postural control deficit (proprioceptive), impairment of inter-hemispheric coordination (corpus callosum), and neurological soft signs such asdysdiadochokinesia, which leads us to hypothesize a general impairment of motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Paquet
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1018 and CESP, Universities of Paris-Saclay and Paris-Sud, UVSQVillejuif, France; Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Esquirol HospitalLimoges, France
| | - Bertrand Olliac
- Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Esquirol HospitalLimoges, France; INSERM UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of LimogesLimoges, France
| | - Manuel-Pierre Bouvard
- Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Perrens Hospital, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Golse
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1018 and CESP, Universities of Paris-Saclay and Paris-Sud, UVSQVillejuif, France; Department of Pediatrics, Child development, Cochin-Port Royal University Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisParis, France; Endocrinology Laboratory, Imagine Institut, Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France
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18
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Pierce K, Courchesne E, Bacon E. To Screen or Not to Screen Universally for Autism is not the Question: Why the Task Force Got It Wrong. J Pediatr 2016; 176:182-94. [PMID: 27421956 PMCID: PMC5679123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pierce
- Department of Neurosciences and Autism Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Eric Courchesne
- Department of Neurosciences and Autism Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elizabeth Bacon
- Department of Neurosciences and Autism Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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19
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Paquet A, Olliac B, Golse B, Vaivre-Douret L. [Formula: see text]Current knowledge on motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child Neuropsychol 2015; 22:763-94. [PMID: 26416608 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1085501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Motor symptomatology in autism is currently poorly understood, and still not included in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic criteria, although some studies suggest the presence of motor disturbances in this syndrome. We provide here a literature review on early motor symptoms in autism, focusing on studies on psychomotor issues (tone, postural control, manual dexterity, handedness, praxis). The approach adopted in research to study altered motor behaviors is generally global and there is no detailed semiology of the motor or neuromotor disorders observed in people with ASD. This global approach does not enable understanding of the neuro-developmental mechanisms involved in ASD. Identification of clinical neuro-psychomotor profiles in reference to a standard would help to better understand the origin and the nature of the disorders encountered in ASD, and would thus give new directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paquet
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,d Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hospital Center Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - B Olliac
- d Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hospital Center Esquirol , Limoges , France.,e INSERM, U 1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology , Limoges University , Limoges , France
| | - B Golse
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Department of Medicine , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,f Department of Child Psychiatry , AP-HP Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital , Paris , France
| | - L Vaivre-Douret
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Department of Medicine , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,f Department of Child Psychiatry , AP-HP Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital , Paris , France.,g Department of Pediatrics , AP-HP Paris Centre Cochin-Port-Royal University Hospital , Paris , France
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20
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Usher LV, Burrows CA, Schwartz CB, Henderson HA. Social Competence with an Unfamiliar Peer in Children and Adolescents with High Functioning Autism: Measurement and Individual Differences. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2015; 17:25-39. [PMID: 26161136 PMCID: PMC4492168 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children and adolescents with high functioning autism (HFA) display heterogeneity in social competence, which may be particularly evident during interactions with unfamiliar peers. The goal of this study was to examine predictors of social competence variability during an unfamiliar peer interaction. Thirty-nine participants with HFA and 39 age-, gender- and IQ-matched comparison participants were observed during dyadic laboratory interactions and detailed behavioral coding revealed three social competence dimensions: social initiative, social reciprocity, and social self-monitoring. Participants with HFA displayed higher social initiative but lower reciprocity than comparison participants. For participants with HFA, theory of mind was positively associated with observed initiative. For COM participants, social anxiety was negatively associated with reciprocity. However, for HFA participants, there was a quadratic relation between parent-reported social anxiety and observed reciprocity, demonstrating that low and high levels of anxiety were associated with low reciprocity. Results demonstrated the utility of our behavioral coding scheme as a valid assessment of social competence for children and adolescents with and without HFA. The curvilinear association between social anxiety and reciprocity highlights the importance of examining nonlinear relations in individuals with HFA, and emphasizes that discrete profiles of social anxiety in individuals with HFA may necessitate different treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Usher
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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21
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Maternal folate status as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders: a review of existing evidence. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:663-72. [PMID: 26243379 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence from epidemiological studies supports the notion that maternal folate status regulated by dietary and genetic factors early in pregnancy may influence the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this review, we provide an overview of what is known about the role of folate in the aetiology of neurodevelopmental disorders; summarise relevant biological, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms; and synthesise the evidence from human observational studies and randomised controlled trials that have examined the relationship between maternal folate and ASD or related traits. Much of the existing literature on this topic is subject to limitations such as potential confounding by healthy behaviours and other dietary factors, and exposure assessed within limited exposure windows. As the existing evidence is inconclusive, further research remains to be conducted in order to verify this hypothesis. Complete assessment of maternal functional folate status through the pre- and peri-conceptional periods requires biological measurement of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine and genetic variants involved in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms. In addition to more complete assessment of maternal functional folate status, careful consideration of potential confounding is warranted.
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22
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Early detection of autism spectrum disorders: From retrospective home video studies to prospective ‘high risk’ sibling studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:627-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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McConachie H, Parr JR, Glod M, Hanratty J, Livingstone N, Oono IP, Robalino S, Baird G, Beresford B, Charman T, Garland D, Green J, Gringras P, Jones G, Law J, Le Couteur AS, Macdonald G, McColl EM, Morris C, Rodgers J, Simonoff E, Terwee CB, Williams K. Systematic review of tools to measure outcomes for young children with autism spectrum disorder. Health Technol Assess 2015; 19:1-506. [PMID: 26065374 PMCID: PMC4781156 DOI: 10.3310/hta19410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are complex and this is reflected in the number and diversity of outcomes assessed and measurement tools used to collect evidence about children's progress. Relevant outcomes include improvement in core ASD impairments, such as communication, social awareness, sensory sensitivities and repetitiveness; skills such as social functioning and play; participation outcomes such as social inclusion; and parent and family impact. OBJECTIVES To examine the measurement properties of tools used to measure progress and outcomes in children with ASD up to the age of 6 years. To identify outcome areas regarded as important by people with ASD and parents. METHODS The MeASURe (Measurement in Autism Spectrum disorder Under Review) research collaboration included ASD experts and review methodologists. We undertook systematic review of tools used in ASD early intervention and observational studies from 1992 to 2013; systematic review, using the COSMIN checklist (Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) of papers addressing the measurement properties of identified tools in children with ASD; and synthesis of evidence and gaps. The review design and process was informed throughout by consultation with stakeholders including parents, young people with ASD, clinicians and researchers. RESULTS The conceptual framework developed for the review was drawn from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, including the domains 'Impairments', 'Activity Level Indicators', 'Participation', and 'Family Measures'. In review 1, 10,154 papers were sifted - 3091 by full text - and data extracted from 184; in total, 131 tools were identified, excluding observational coding, study-specific measures and those not in English. In review 2, 2665 papers were sifted and data concerning measurement properties of 57 (43%) tools were extracted from 128 papers. Evidence for the measurement properties of the reviewed tools was combined with information about their accessibility and presentation. Twelve tools were identified as having the strongest supporting evidence, the majority measuring autism characteristics and problem behaviour. The patchy evidence and limited scope of outcomes measured mean these tools do not constitute a 'recommended battery' for use. In particular, there is little evidence that the identified tools would be good at detecting change in intervention studies. The obvious gaps in available outcome measurement include well-being and participation outcomes for children, and family quality-of-life outcomes, domains particularly valued by our informants (young people with ASD and parents). CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review of the quality and appropriateness of tools designed to monitor progress and outcomes of young children with ASD. Although it was not possible to recommend fully robust tools at this stage, the review consolidates what is known about the field and will act as a benchmark for future developments. With input from parents and other stakeholders, recommendations are made about priority targets for research. FUTURE WORK Priorities include development of a tool to measure child quality of life in ASD, and validation of a potential primary outcome tool for trials of early social communication intervention. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002223. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen McConachie
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeremy R Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Magdalena Glod
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer Hanratty
- School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nuala Livingstone
- School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Inalegwu P Oono
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Shannon Robalino
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gillian Baird
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Tony Charman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Garland
- National Autistic Society North East Autism Resource Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jonathan Green
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Gringras
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Glenys Jones
- School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Law
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann S Le Couteur
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Geraldine Macdonald
- School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elaine M McColl
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Morris
- PenCRU, Child Health Group, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jacqueline Rodgers
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrina Williams
- University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Seol KI, Song SH, Kim KL, Oh ST, Kim YT, Im WY, Song DH, Cheon KA. A comparison of receptive-expressive language profiles between toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and developmental language delay. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1721-8. [PMID: 25323912 PMCID: PMC4205715 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well known that expressive language impairment is commonly less severe than receptive language impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this result is based on experiments in Western countries with Western language scales. This study tries to find whether the result above is applicable for toddlers in a non-Western country; more specifically, in Korea with non-Western language scales. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants were 166 toddlers aged between 20 months and 50 months who visited the clinic from December 2010 to January 2013. The number of toddlers diagnosed as ASD and developmental language delay (DLD) was 103 and 63, respectively. Language development level was assessed using Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), a Korean language scale. Using SELSI, each group was divided into 3 sub-groups. Moreover, the group difference by age was observed by dividing them into three age groups. Chi-square test and linear-by-linear association was used for analysis. RESULTS Receptive language ability of the DLD group was superior to that of the ASD group in all age groups. However, expressive language ability in both groups showed no difference in all age groups. A greater proportion of expressive dominant type was found in ASD. The 20-29 months group in ASD showed the largest proportion of expressive language dominant type in the three age groups, suggesting that the younger the ASD toddler is, the more severe the receptive language impairment is. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that receptive-expressive language characteristics in ASD at earlier age could be useful in the early detection of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong In Seol
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ka Lim Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Oh
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Communication Disorder, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Young Im
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Song
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ah Cheon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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25
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Libertus K, Sheperd KA, Ross SW, Landa RJ. Limited fine motor and grasping skills in 6-month-old infants at high risk for autism. Child Dev 2014; 85:2218-31. [PMID: 24978128 PMCID: PMC4236283 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atypical motor behaviors are common among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, little is known about onset and functional implications of differences in early motor development among infants later diagnosed with ASD. Two prospective experiments were conducted to investigate motor skills among 6-month-olds at increased risk (high risk) for ASD (N1 = 129; N2 = 46). Infants were assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and during toy play. Across both experiments, high-risk infants exhibited less mature object manipulation in a highly structured (MSEL) context and reduced grasping activity in an unstructured (free-play) context than infants with no family history of ASD. Longitudinal assessments suggest that between 6 and 10 months, grasping activity increases in high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Libertus
- Kennedy Krieger Institute; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
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26
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Machado FP, Palladino RRR, Cunha MC. Adaptation of the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators instrument to retrospective parent report. Codas 2014; 26:138-47. [PMID: 24918507 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/2014001in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To adapt the Child Development Clinical Risk Indicators (IRDI) instrument to retrospective report for parents of children from 3 to 7 years old and administer it in two groups. METHODS Participated on the study 72 subjects--parents of children aged from 2 years and 11 months to 7 years and 7 months--divided into two groups: Research Group and Control Group. The proposed modification to parent report transformed the 31 indicators (affirmations) into retrospective self-administered questions to parents, with responses in Likert scale. The IRDI-questionnaire was administered in the two groups. RESULTS The IRDI-questionnaire showed to be easy and quick to administer (average 15 minutes) and with low cost. The analysis of the questions obtained a good internal consistency value. The comparison between the groups by the parents' answers to the 31 questions showed difference in 16 questions. CONCLUSION The items of the IRDI-questionnaire concern the main Autism Spectrum Disorders risk signs pointed out in literature. The parents' answers showed differences between the studied groups.
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27
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López B. Beyond Modularisation: The Need of a Socio-Neuro-Constructionist Model of Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 45:31-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry I Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 2DY, UK,
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28
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Elsabbagh M, Gliga T, Pickles A, Hudry K, Charman T, Johnson MH. The development of face orienting mechanisms in infants at-risk for autism. Behav Brain Res 2013; 251:147-54. [PMID: 22846849 PMCID: PMC3730054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A popular idea related to early brain development in autism is that a lack of attention to, or interest in, social stimuli early in life interferes with the emergence of social brain networks mediating the typical development of socio-communicative skills. Compelling as it is, this developmental account has proved difficult to verify empirically because autism is typically diagnosed in toddlerhood, after this process of brain specialization is well underway. Using a prospective study, we directly tested the integrity of social orienting mechanisms in infants at-risk for autism by virtue of having an older diagnosed sibling. Contrary to previous accounts, infants who later develop autism exhibit a clear orienting response to faces that are embedded within an array of distractors. Nevertheless, infants at-risk for autism as a group, and irrespective of their subsequent outcomes, had a greater tendency to select and sustain attention to faces. This pattern suggests that interactions among multiple social and attentional brain systems over the first two years give rise to variable pathways in infants at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Elsabbagh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
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Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Garon N. Early identification of autism spectrum disorders. Behav Brain Res 2013; 251:133-46. [PMID: 23588272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bailey AR, Hou H, Song M, Obregon DF, Portis S, Barger S, Shytle D, Stock S, Mori T, Sanberg PG, Murphy T, Tan J. GFAP expression and social deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing human sAPPα. Glia 2013; 61:1556-69. [PMID: 23840007 PMCID: PMC3729742 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autistic individuals display impaired social interactions and language, and restricted, stereotyped behaviors. Elevated levels of secreted amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα), the product of α-secretase cleavage of APP, are found in the plasma of some individuals with autism. The sAPPα protein is neurotrophic and neuroprotective and recently showed a correlation to glial differentiation in human neural stem cells (NSCs) via the IL-6 pathway. Considering evidence of gliosis in postmortem autistic brains, we hypothesized that subsets of patients with autism would exhibit elevations in CNS sAPPα and mice generated to mimic this observation would display markers suggestive of gliosis and autism-like behavior. Elevations in sAPPα levels were observed in brains of autistic patients compared to controls. Transgenic mice engineered to overexpress human sAPPα (TgsAPPα mice) displayed hypoactivity, impaired sociability, increased brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and altered Notch1 and IL-6 levels. NSCs isolated from TgsAPPα mice, and those derived from wild-type mice treated with sAPPα, displayed suppressed β-tubulin III and elevated GFAP expression. These results suggest that elevations in brain sAPPα levels are observed in subsets of individuals with autism and TgsAPPα mice display signs suggestive of gliosis and behavioral impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette R Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, USA
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Narzisi A, Calderoni S, Maestro S, Calugi S, Mottes E, Muratori F. Child Behavior Check List 1½-5 as a tool to identify toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:1179-1189. [PMID: 23376628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tools to identify toddlers with autism in clinical settings have been recently developed. This study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the Child Behavior Check List 1½-5 (CBCL 1½-5) in the detection of toddlers subsequently diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ages 18-36 months. The CBCL of 47 children with ASD were compared to the CBCL of 47 toddlers with Other Psychiatric Disorders (OPD) as well as the CBCL of 47 toddlers with Typical Development (TD) in a case control study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) analyses were performed. In order to establish the optimal threshold able to discriminate children with ASD from children with OPD and TD, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Withdrawn and the Pervasive Developmental Problems (PDP) subscales can recognize toddlers subsequently identified as ASD from both children with TD (p<0.001) and OPD (p<0.001). ROC analyses showed very high sensitivity and specificity for the PDP (0.98 and 0.91) and Withdrawn (0.92 and 0.97) subscales when ASD was compared to TD. Sensitivity and specificity of Withdrawn (0.90 and 0.83) and PDP (0.85 and 0.83) remained high when comparing ASD versus OPD. In conclusion, the CBCL 1½-5 seemed to be able to identify toddlers subsequently diagnosed with ASD from children with TD and OPD. Its high sensitivity and specificity, coupled with its efficiency in terms of time and cost, suggest this broadband tool should be tested in a pilot screening survey of toddlers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Narzisi
- Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa, Italy.
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Landa RJ, Gross AL, Stuart EA, Bauman M. Latent class analysis of early developmental trajectory in baby siblings of children with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012; 53:986-96. [PMID: 22574686 PMCID: PMC3432306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siblings of children with autism (sibs-A) are at increased genetic risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and milder impairments. To elucidate diversity and contour of early developmental trajectories exhibited by sibs-A, regardless of diagnostic classification, latent class modeling was used. METHODS Sibs-A (N = 204) were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning from age 6 to 36 months. Mullen T scores served as dependent variables. Outcome classifications at age 36 months included: ASD (N = 52); non-ASD social/communication delay (broader autism phenotype; BAP; N = 31); and unaffected (N = 121). Child-specific patterns of performance were studied using latent class growth analysis. Latent class membership was then related to diagnostic outcome through estimation of within-class proportions of children assigned to each diagnostic classification. RESULTS A 4-class model was favored. Class 1 represented accelerated development and consisted of 25.7% of the sample, primarily unaffected children. Class 2 (40.0% of the sample), was characterized by normative development with above-average nonverbal cognitive outcome. Class 3 (22.3% of the sample) was characterized by receptive language, and gross and fine motor delay. Class 4 (12.0% of the sample), was characterized by widespread delayed skill acquisition, reflected by declining trajectories. Children with an outcome diagnosis of ASD were spread across Classes 2, 3, and 4. CONCLUSIONS Results support a category of ASD that involves slowing in early non-social development. Receptive language and motor development is vulnerable to early delay in sibs-A with and without ASD outcomes. Non-ASD sibs-A are largely distributed across classes depicting average or accelerated development. Developmental trajectories of motor, language, and cognition appear independent of communication and social delays in non-ASD sibs-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Landa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Alden L. Gross
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Elizabeth A. Stuart
- Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Margaret Bauman
- Lurie Center/LADDERS, Mass General Hospital for Children, Neurology, Harvard Medical School
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Brookman-Frazee L, Stahmer AC, Lewis K, Feder JD, Reed S. BUILDING A RESEARCH-COMMUNITY COLLABORATIVE TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY CARE FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS AT-RISK FOR AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:715-734. [PMID: 23878409 PMCID: PMC3716577 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the formation and initial outcomes of a research-community collaborative group that was developed based on community-based participatory research principles. The group includes a transdisciplinary team of practitioners, funding agency representatives, researchers, and families of children with autism spectrum disorders, who partnered to improve community-based care for infants and toddlers at risk for autism through the implementation of evidence-based practices. Data from this group provide support for the feasibility of developing and sustaining a highly synergistic and productive research-community collaborative group who shares common goals to improve community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brookman-Frazee
- Child & Adolescent Services Research Center-San Diego, and University of California, San Diego
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Muratori F. L'autisme comme conséquence d'un trouble de l'intersubjectivité primaire. PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT 2012. [DOI: 10.3917/psye.551.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Dunphy-Lelii S, Wellman HM. Delayed Self Recognition in Autism: A Unique Difficulty? RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2012; 6:212-223. [PMID: 22125578 PMCID: PMC3223930 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a sense of self is a crucial task of ordinary development. With which aspects of self do children with autism have particular difficulty? Two prior studies concluded that children with autism are unimpaired in delayed self-recognition; we confirm and clarify this conclusion by examining it in conjunction with another key aspect of self understanding, including several needed controls and contrasts. Three groups of children were tested in a delayed self-recognition paradigm as well as a self-other action memory card game in which they took turns placing pictures with an adult: 3-year-olds (n = 25), 5-year-olds (n = 27), and children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 20). Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrated impaired performance on self-other recall compared to both typical 5-year-olds and typical 3-year-olds, but were not significantly different on delayed self-recognition. Results are discussed with regard to the unique profile of self-related performance in autism.
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Bishop SL, Lahvis GP. The autism diagnosis in translation: shared affect in children and mouse models of ASD. Autism Res 2011; 4:317-35. [PMID: 21882361 PMCID: PMC3684385 DOI: 10.1002/aur.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of molecular biomarkers that can be used to diagnose ASD, current diagnostic tools depend upon clinical assessments of behavior. Research efforts with human subjects have successfully utilized standardized diagnostic instruments, which include clinician interviews with parents and direct observation of the children themselves [Risi et al., 2006]. However, because clinical instruments are semi-structured and rely heavily on dynamic social processes and clinical skill, scores from these measures do not necessarily lend themselves directly to experimental investigations into the causes of ASD. Studies of the neurobiology of autism require experimental animal models. Mice are particularly useful for elucidating genetic and toxicological contributions to impairments in social function [Halladay et al., 2009]. Behavioral tests have been developed that are relevant to autism [Crawley, 2004, 2007], including measures of repetitive behaviors [Lewis, Tanimura, Lee, & Bodfish, 2007; Moy et al., 2008], social behavior [Brodkin, 2007; Lijam et al., 1997; Moretti, Bouwknecht, Teague, Paylor, & Zoghbi, 2005], and vocal communication [D'Amato et al., 2005; Panksepp et al., 2007; Scattoni et al., 2008]. Advances also include development of high-throughput measures of mouse sociability that can be used to reliably compare inbred mouse strains [Moy et al., 2008; Nadler et al., 2004], as well as measures of social reward [Panksepp & Lahvis, 2007] and empathy [Chen, Panksepp, & Lahvis, 2009; Langford et al., 2006]. With continued generation of mouse gene-targeted mice that are directly relevant to genetic linkages in ASD, there remains an urgent need to utilize a full suite of mouse behavioral tests that allows for a comprehensive assessment of the spectrum of social difficulties relevant to ASD. Using impairments in shared affect as an example, this paper explores potential avenues for collaboration between clinical and basic scientists, within an amply considered translational framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somer L. Bishop
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 3333 Burnet Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45229 Phone: (513) 636-3849 Fax: 513-636-1360
| | - Garet P. Lahvis
- Oregon Health and Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code L470 Portland, OR 97239 Phone: (503) 346 0820 Fax: (503) 494 6877
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Mahdhaoui A, Chetouani M, Cassel RS, Saint‐Georges C, Parlato E, Laznik MC, Apicella F, Muratori F, Maestro S, Cohen D. Computerized home video detection for motherese may help to study impaired interaction between infants who become autistic and their parents. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2011; 20:e6-18. [PMID: 21574205 PMCID: PMC6878508 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a well-defined clinical syndrome after the second year of life, but information on autism in the first two years of life is still lacking. The study of home videos has described children with autism during the first year of life as not displaying the rigid pattern typical of later symptoms. Therefore, developmental/environmental factors are claimed in addition to genetic/biological ones to explain the onset of autism during maturation. Here we describe (1) a developmental hypothesis focusing on the possible implication of motherese impoverishment during the course of parent-infant interactions as a possible co-factor; (2) the methodological approach we used to develop a computerized algorithm to detect motherese in home videos; (3) the best configuration performance of the detector in extracting motherese from home video sequences (accuracy = 82% on speaker-independent versus 87.5% on speaker-dependent) that we should use to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Mahdhaoui
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de RobotiqueUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Mohamed Chetouani
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de RobotiqueUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
| | - Raquel S. Cassel
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAP‐HPGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
- Laboratoire Psychologie et Neurosciences CognitivesParisFrance
| | - Catherine Saint‐Georges
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAP‐HPGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
- Laboratoire Psychologie et Neurosciences CognitivesParisFrance
| | - Erika Parlato
- Department of LinguisticsUniversity of CampinasBrazil
| | - Marie Christine Laznik
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAssociation Santé Mentale du 13èmeParisFrance
| | - Fabio Apicella
- Scientific Institute Stella MarisUniversity of PisaItaly
| | | | - Sandra Maestro
- Scientific Institute Stella MarisUniversity of PisaItaly
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAP‐HPGroupe Hospitalier Pitié‐SalpêtrièreUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
- Laboratoire Psychologie et Neurosciences CognitivesParisFrance
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Planche P. La réaction à la nouveauté : un indice de dépistage précoce de l’autisme ? ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Webb SJ, Jones EJH, Merkle K, Namkung J, Toth K, Greenson J, Murias M, Dawson G. Toddlers with elevated autism symptoms show slowed habituation to faces. Child Neuropsychol 2010; 16:255-78. [PMID: 20301009 DOI: 10.1080/09297041003601454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We explored social information processing and its relation to social and communicative symptoms in toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their siblings. Toddlers with more severe symptoms of autism showed slower habituation to faces than comparison groups; slower face learning correlated with poorer social skills and lower verbal ability. Unaffected toddlers who were siblings of children with ASD also showed slower habituation to faces compared with toddlers without siblings with ASD. We conclude that slower rates of face learning may be an endophenotype of ASD and is associated with more severe symptoms among affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jane Webb
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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40
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Abstract
Retrospective research studies, videotape analyses of children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and recent studies on younger siblings of children diagnosed with ASD, at high-risk of ASD, provide evidence of the early signs of ASD in children as young as 12 months. This article provides a review of early identification, diagnostic assessment, and treatment for young children (0-5 years old) with ASD. Several screening tools as well as comprehensive assessment measures are described. The authors also discuss how the family context is affected by the diagnosis, in terms of adaptation to the diagnosis and to treatment. Finally, the authors present a brief review of interventions for young children with ASD.
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41
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Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Lord C, Rogers S, Carter A, Carver L, Chawarska K, Constantino J, Dawson G, Dobkins K, Fein D, Iverson J, Klin A, Landa R, Messinger D, Ozonoff S, Sigman M, Stone W, Tager-Flusberg H, Yirmiya N. Clinical assessment and management of toddlers with suspected autism spectrum disorder: insights from studies of high-risk infants. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1383-91. [PMID: 19403506 PMCID: PMC2833286 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With increased public awareness of the early signs and recent American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations that all 18- and 24-month-olds be screened for autism spectrum disorders, there is an increasing need for diagnostic assessment of very young children. However, unique challenges exist in applying current diagnostic guidelines for autism spectrum disorders to children under the age of 2 years. In this article, we address challenges related to early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of autism spectrum disorders in this age group. We provide a comprehensive review of findings from recent studies on the early development of children with autism spectrum disorders, summarizing current knowledge on early signs of autism spectrum disorders, the screening properties of early detection tools, and current best practice for diagnostic assessment of autism spectrum disorders before 2 years of age. We also outline principles of effective intervention for children under the age of 2 with suspected/confirmed autism spectrum disorders. It is hoped that ongoing studies will provide an even stronger foundation for evidence-based diagnostic and intervention approaches for this critically important age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Susan Bryson
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Catherine Lord
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sally Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Alice Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie Carver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kasia Chawarska
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen Dobkins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Deborah Fein
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Jana Iverson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ami Klin
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Landa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Sally Ozonoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Marian Sigman
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Stone
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Nurit Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kalmanson B. Echoes in the Nursery: Insights for Treatment of Early Signs of Autism in a Baby Sibling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15289160802683427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Bursztejn C. Est-il possible de dépister l’autisme au cours de la première année ? ENFANCE 2009. [DOI: 10.3917/enf1.091.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Stefanatos GA. Regression in autistic spectrum disorders. Neuropsychol Rev 2008; 18:305-19. [PMID: 18956241 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of children diagnosed with Autistic Spectrum Disorder experience a developmental regression characterized by a loss of previously-acquired skills. This may involve a loss of speech or social responsitivity, but often entails both. This paper critically reviews the phenomena of regression in autistic spectrum disorders, highlighting the characteristics of regression, age of onset, temporal course, and long-term outcome. Important considerations for diagnosis are discussed and multiple etiological factors currently hypothesized to underlie the phenomenon are reviewed. It is argued that regressive autistic spectrum disorders can be conceptualized on a spectrum with other regressive disorders that may share common pathophysiological features. The implications of this viewpoint are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry A Stefanatos
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Stone WL, McMahon CR, Henderson LM. Use of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) for children under 24 months. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2008; 12:557-73. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361308096403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the properties of the Screening Tool for Autism in Two-Year-Olds (STAT) for children under 24 months. The STAT provides a standard context for observing social-communicative behavior in play, imitation, and communication. Seventy-one children received the STAT between 12 and 23 months of age and a follow-up diagnostic evaluation after 24 months. All had an older sibling with an autism spectrum diagnosis ( n = 59) or had been referred for evaluation for concerns about autism ( n = 12). Signal detection analysis resulted in a cut score of 2.75 for this sample, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.95, specificity of 0.73, positive predictive value of 0.56, and negative predictive value of 0.97. False positives were highest for the 12- to 13-month-old age group; STAT screening properties were improved when the sample was limited to children 14 months and older. Implications for using the STAT with children under 24 months are discussed.
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Intersubjectivity, affective neuroscience, and the neurobiology of autistic spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Keio J Med 2008; 57:15-36. [PMID: 18382122 DOI: 10.2302/kjm.57.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intersubjectivity is an approach to the study of social interaction viewed from a perspective which rejects the view that reducing any such analysis to study at the level of the individual is adequate to address the issues of social functioning. It also stresses the view that social processes cannot be reduced to cognitive ones - most of the important questions in the study of developmental psychopathology deal with issues which have commonality with many other species and are patent well before the ontological emergence of 'cognitive' abilities. In this paper we review the evidence in this area, and discuss a range of issues relevant to autistic spectrum disorders. We focus in particular on social interaction; the role of the Intrinsic Motive Formation and recent work on mirror neurons in autism; genetic and teratogenic factors in the genesis of autism; and the role of a number of biological factors in pathogenesis - tryptophan; vitamin B12; sterol metabolism; glutamate and GABA; and the Fragile-X expansion.
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Landa RJ. Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:138-47. [PMID: 18253102 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a class of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by qualitative impairments in social functioning and communication, often accompanied by repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests. The term 'ASD' encompasses autism, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified, and Asperger's syndrome. ASDs show etiologic heterogeneity, and there is no definitive medical test or cure for these conditions. Around 1 in 150 children have an ASD, with males being affected three to four times more frequently than females. The age at diagnosis of ASD ranges from 3 to 6 years, but there is increasing evidence that diagnosis in the second year of life is possible in some children. Early diagnosis will lead to earlier behavior-based intervention, which is associated with improvements in core areas, such as social functioning and communication. Early detection of-and intervention to treat-ASD is crucial because it is likely to lead to an improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Landa
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA.
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Thorsen KL, Goldberg WA, Osann K, Spence MA. Birthday and Non-birthday Videotapes: The Importance of Context for the Behavior of Young Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2007; 38:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-007-0479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nadel S, Poss JE. Early detection of autism spectrum disorders: screening between 12 and 24 months of age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 19:408-17. [PMID: 17655570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to present nurse practitioners (NPs) with information on screening for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children between 12 and 24 months of age. Recommendations are also provided for appropriate referrals and initiation of early intervention (EI). DATA SOURCES Review of published literature about ASD. CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD exhibit impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication deficits, and repetitive, restricted, and stereotyped patterns of behavior or interests. Studies show that these children benefit from beginning intensive EI as soon as possible. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Early detection enables children with suspected ASD to be evaluated by specialists and entered into treatment programs at the earliest possible opportunity. Because of the importance of early diagnosis of ASD, it is critical that NPs use established screening instruments to maximize time and increase the reliability of the assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Nadel
- School of Education, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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