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Abstract
The c-Myb gene encodes a transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation of signaling pathways. The protein is frequently overexpressed in human leukemias, breast cancers, and other solid tumors suggesting that it is a bona fide oncogene. c-MYB is often overexpressed by translocation in human tumors with t(6;7)(q23;q34) resulting in c-MYB-TCRβ in T cell ALL, t(X;6)(p11;q23) with c-MYB-GATA1 in acute basophilic leukemia, and t(6;9)(q22-23;p23-24) with c-MYB-NF1B in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Antisense oligonucleotides to c-MYB were developed to purge bone marrow cells to eliminate tumor cells in leukemias. Recently, small molecules that inhibit c-MYB activity have been developed to disrupt its interaction with p300. The Dmp1 (cyclin D binding myb-like protein 1; Dmtf1) gene was isolated through its virtue for binding to cyclin D2. It is a transcription factor that has a Myb-like repeat for DNA binding. The Dmtf1 protein directly binds to the Arf promoter for transactivation and physically interacts with p53 to activate the p53 pathway. The gene is hemizygously deleted in 35-42% of human cancers and is associated with longer survival. The significances of aberrant expression of c-MYB and DMTF1 proteins in human cancers and their clinical significances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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Iżykowska K, Zawada M, Nowicka K, Grabarczyk P, Braun FC, Delin M, Möbs M, Beyer M, Sterry W, Schmidt CA, Przybylski GK. Identification of Multiple Complex Rearrangements Associated with Deletions in the 6q23-27 Region in Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:2617-2625. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
A key regulator of proliferation, differentiation and cell fate, the c-Myb transcription factor regulates the expression of hundreds of genes and is in turn regulated by numerous pathways and protein interactions. However, the most unique feature of c-Myb is that it can be converted into an oncogenic transforming protein through a few mutations that completely change its activity and specificity. The c-Myb protein is a myriad of interactions and activities rolled up in a protein that controls proliferation and differentiation in many different cell types. Here we discuss the background and recent progress that have led to a better understanding of this complex protein, and outline the questions that have yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Lee YH, Lee NH, Bhattarai G, Hwang PH, Kim TI, Jhee EC, Yi HK. c-myb has a character of oxidative stress resistance in aged human diploid fibroblasts: regulates SAPK/JNK and Hsp60 pathway consequently. Biogerontology 2010; 11:267-74. [PMID: 19707884 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-009-9244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether c-myb acts as a survival molecule in aged cells. A previous in vitro ageing model suggested that aged cells have a higher cell capacity for survival after exposure to oxidative stress, which involves blockage of the translocation of Hsp60 from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm followed by SAPK/JNK inactivation, than young cells. In human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), c-myb expression increased gradually with ageing, and this increase had a significant influence on the cell survival capacity after exposure to oxidative stress. To clarify the role of c-myb in oxidative stress, young cells under 21 passages, which lacked c-myb expression, were transfected with adenovirus-mediated c-myb for express c-myb. These c-myb-over-expressed young cells showed increased cell viability upon exposure to oxidative stress to a similar extent to that of the aged cells. In addition, these c-myb-over-expressed young cells did not exhibit SAPK/JNK activation, Hsp60 displacement and cytochrome C release, as was observed in aged cells. The aged cells that had c-myb suppressed using siRNA c-myb showed reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in a manner to that observed in young cells. From this study, c-myb blocked SAPK/JNK and Hsp60 translocation upon exposure to oxidative stress. This result suggests that c-myb might act as a modulator of cell survival in the ageing process by suppressing apoptosis in aged cells.
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Wasco MJ, Fullen D, Su L, Ma L. The expression of MUM1 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Hum Pathol 2008; 39:557-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karsai S, Hou JS, Telang G, Kantor GR, Nowell PC, Vonderheid EC. Sézary Syndrome Coexisting with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Dermatology 2007; 216:68-75. [DOI: 10.1159/000109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Booken N, Gratchev A, Utikal J, Weiss C, Yu X, Qadoumi M, Schmuth M, Sepp N, Nashan D, Rass K, Tüting T, Assaf C, Dippel E, Stadler R, Klemke CD, Goerdt S. Sézary syndrome is a unique cutaneous T-cell lymphoma as identified by an expanded gene signature including diagnostic marker molecules CDO1 and DNM3. Leukemia 2008; 22:393-9. [PMID: 18033314 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2405044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sezary syndrome (SS) is a rare, aggressive CD4+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); molecular traits differentiating SS from nonleukemic mycosis fungoides (MF) and from inflammatory skin diseases (ID) are not sufficiently characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 10 SS patients and 10 healthy donors (HD) were screened by Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 chips for differential gene expression. Ten candidate genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR to be significantly overexpressed in CD4+ T cells of SS versus HD/ID. For easier clinical use, these genes were re-analyzed in PBMC; qRT-PCR confirmed five novel (DNM3, IGFL2, CDO1, NEDD4L, KLHDC5) and two known genes (PLS3, TNFSF11) to be significantly overexpressed in SS. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that CDO1 and DNM3 had the highest discriminative power in combination. Upon comparison of PBMC and skin samples of SS versus MF, CDO1 and DNM3 were found upregulated only in SS. Using anti-CDO1 antisera, differential expression of CDO1 protein was confirmed in SS CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, DNM3 and CDO1 are known to be regulated by SS-associated transcription factors TWIST1 and c-myb, respectively. Furthermore, CDO1 catalyzes taurine synthesis and taurine inhibits apoptosis and promotes chemoprotection. In summary, CDO1 and DNM3 may improve the diagnosis of SS and open novel clues to its pathogenesis.
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Lacoste V, Nicot C, Gessain A, Valensi F, Gabarre J, Matta H, Chaudhary PM, Mahieux R. In primary effusion lymphoma cells, MYB transcriptional repression is associated with v-FLIP expression during latent KSHV infection while both v-FLIP and v-GPCR become involved during the lytic cycle. Br J Haematol 2007; 138:487-501. [PMID: 17659053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is associated with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. Although MYB levels are high in most neoplastic B cells, we found that, unexpectedly, both PEL cells and uncultured PEL patients' samples contained very low levels of MYB mRNA when compared to B-cell leukaemia samples obtained from KSHV(-) patients. These results were further confirmed at the protein level. Both latent viral FLICE inhibitory protein (v-FLIP) and early lytic viral G protein coupled receptor (v-GPCR) KSHV proteins were found to activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and transrepress a MYB promoter reporter construct. In contrast, a dominant negative inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB-alpha) mutant prevented v-FLIP and v-GPCR from inhibiting MYB functions while a v-GPCR mutant that was impaired for NF-kappaB activation could not repress the MYB construct. Transduction of a v-FLIP expressing vector or stable transfection of v-GPCR both resulted in a marked downregulation of the endogenous MYB protein expression. However, MYB expression transactivated the lytic switch Replication and Transcription Activator (RTA) promoter in transient transfection assays. Taken together, our results demonstrate that, contrary to a number of other haematological malignancies, MYB expression is not required for PEL cell proliferation. Repressing MYB expression also helps in maintaining the virus in latency.
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MESH Headings
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, myb
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/metabolism
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/virology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/analysis
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transfection
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
- Virus Activation
- Virus Latency
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lacoste
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Hwang IK, Moon SM, Yoo KY, Li H, Kwon HD, Hwang HS, Choi SK, Lee BH, Kim JD, Won MH. c-Myb immunoreactivity, protein and mRNA levels significantly increase in the aged hippocampus proper in gerbils. Neurochem Res 2007; 32:1091-7. [PMID: 17401667 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myb genes are a family of transcription factors and have been implicated in the control of the proliferation and differentiation of normal and transformed cells. c-Myb is the best characterized member of the myb family. In the present study, we investigated age-dependent changes of c-myb immunoreactivity, its protein and mRNA level in the hippocampus proper (CA1-3 regions) at various age stages in gerbils. In the postnatal month 1 (PM 1) group, c-myb immunoreactivity was detected in non-pyramidal neurons of the strata oriens and radiatum as well as in pyramidal neurons of the stratum pyramidale. At PM 3, c-myb immunoreactivity and its protein level were similar to those at PM 1. Thereafter, c-myb immunoreactivity and its protein level were increased with time. In the PM 24 group, c-myb immunoreactivity, its protein and mRNA levels were highest. These results suggest that the significant increase of c-myb immunoreactivity, protein and mRNA levels in the aged hippocampus may be associated with neuronal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Fierro MT, Comessatti A, Quaglino P, Ortoncelli M, Osella Abate S, Ponti R, Novelli M, Bernengo MG. Expression pattern of chemokine receptors and chemokine release in inflammatory erythroderma and Sézary syndrome. Dermatology 2007; 213:284-92. [PMID: 17135733 DOI: 10.1159/000096191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroderma can be caused by inflammatory dermatoses or cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Even if chemokines and their receptors are involved in the skin-selective lymphocyte recruitment, their role in inflammatory erythroderma is yet unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the chemokine release (TARC, MDC, IP-10) and to define the expression pattern of Th1- (CCR5, CXCR3) and Th2-related (CCR4) chemokine receptors in inflammatory erythroderma and Sézary syndrome (SS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow cytometry has been carried out on both circulating and skin-infiltrating T lymphocytes; serum chemokine levels have been evaluated using ELISA techniques. RESULTS CCR4, CCR5 and CXCR3 were expressed on about 40% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and on the majority of skin-infiltrating lymphocytes in the inflammatory erythroderma patients, whereas the leukemic CD4+CD26- subpopulation in SS was characterized by a high CCR4 expression without a concurrent increase in CCR5 or CXCR3. TARC, MDC and IP-10 serum levels were significantly increased in both erythrodermic and SS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that SS is a Th2 disorder with a selective expression of CCR4, whereas inflammatory erythroderma shares an overexpression of both Th1- and Th2-related chemokine receptors, suggesting an activation of different pathways driving reactive lymphocytes to the skin.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chemokine CCL17
- Chemokines/blood
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemokines, CC/analysis
- Chemokines, CC/blood
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Dermatitis, Exfoliative/blood
- Dermatitis, Exfoliative/immunology
- Dermatitis, Exfoliative/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, CCR4
- Receptors, CCR5/analysis
- Receptors, CCR5/blood
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/blood
- Receptors, Cytokine/analysis
- Receptors, Cytokine/blood
- Sezary Syndrome/blood
- Sezary Syndrome/immunology
- Sezary Syndrome/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/blood
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Fierro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Martens JH, Kzhyshkowska J, Falkowski-Hansen M, Schledzewski K, Gratchev A, Mansmann U, Schmuttermaier C, Dippel E, Koenen W, Riedel F, Sankala M, Tryggvason K, Kobzik L, Moldenhauer G, Arnold B, Goerdt S. Differential expression of a gene signature for scavenger/lectin receptors by endothelial cells and macrophages in human lymph node sinuses, the primary sites of regional metastasis. J Pathol 2006; 208:574-89. [PMID: 16440291 DOI: 10.1002/path.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for several cancers has shown that metastatic tumour cells are preferentially arrested in the lymph node sinuses. To study the molecular components of this sinusoidal trap, gene profiling of lymph node (sinuses) versus tonsil (no sinuses) was performed. Among other groups of molecules, an intriguing gene signature of scavenger and lectin-like receptors was identified. Nine of the 13 genes were preferentially expressed in sinusoidal cells by immunohistochemistry. Using stabilin-2 and monoclonal antibody 3A5 as exclusive endothelial cell (EC) and macrophage (Mvarphi) markers, respectively, lymph node sinusoidal ECs (stabilin-2+, LYVE-1+, DC-SIGNR+, MARCO+, stabilin-1+, MMR+) and sinusoidal Mvarphi (MMR+, DC-SIGN+, sialoadhesin+, CD163+, stabilin-1+ ) showed distinct, but overlapping expression patterns of the signature molecules by double labelling immunofluorescence. The number of stabilin-1+ sinusoidal Mvarphi, however, varied considerably between samples, indicating turnover/differentiation dynamics in this sinusoidal cell population. In the hepatic sinuses, LYVE-1 and CD36 were strongly up-regulated on both sinusoidal ECs and Mvarphi, while DC-SIGNR and DC-SIGN were strongly down-regulated; in contrast to lymph node sinusoidal ECs, MARCO was confined to Mvarphi (Kupffer cells) in the liver sinuses. As Mvarphi are not present in the wall and lumen of splenic sinuses, splenic sinuses expressed a considerably reduced repertoire of scavenger/lectin receptors lacking sialoadhesin, CD36, CD163, and MARCO; in addition, DC-SIGNR was absent from splenic sinusoidal ECs, while DC-SIGN and thrombomodulin were strongly expressed. Interestingly, most of the signature molecules are known to mediate tumour cell adhesion in addition to their functions as scavenger or pattern recognition receptors. This study establishes a gene and tissue database platform to test the hypothesis that additive expression of the lymph node sinus signature genes in sinusoidal ECs and Mvarphi may contribute to selective tumour cell metastasis in lymph nodes and liver including organ-specific mechanisms, such as intraluminal retention or transmigration, while sparing the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Martens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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