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Ahmadi E, Khojasteh M, Mortazavi SM, Khan-Mohammadi F, Kazemnia A, Beheshtipour J, Raeeszadeh M. Prevalence of and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the West of Iran: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:899. [PMID: 31660878 PMCID: PMC6819401 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports designate the recent increase in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) nasal carriage. Because of the scanty information regarding the nasal carriage sate of MRSA in the west of Iran, the purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of CA-MRSA in Sanandaj city. Methods Swabs collected from anterior nares of 600 volunteers were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus. The isolates were further investigated for methicillin resistance by using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test, followed by PCR-amplification of the mecA gene. SCCmec types and the presence of the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (pvl) encoding genes were determined through PCR. Finally, the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the agar diffusion method. Results Nasal screening identified 181 S. aureus, of which 55 isolates were MRSA. SCCmec types IV and V were detected in MRSA at frequencies of 80 and 20%, respectively. The overall frequency of pvl genes among the MRSA isolates was 14.54%. MRSA isolates were highly susceptible (98.18%) to mupirocin, gentamicin, and fusidic acid. Conclusions The high prevalence of CA-MRSA carriage in the population could pose a serious public health concern for the region. Additionally, advent of drug-resistant pvl-positive strains demands continuous surveillance on the colonization state of CA-MRSA in order to prevent dissemination of the bacterium in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khojasteh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mortazavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khan-Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemnia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Beheshtipour
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Serra A, Caltabiano R, Spinato G, Gallina S, Caruso S, Rapisarda V, Di Mauro P, Castro V, Conti A, Licciardello L, Maiolino L, Lanzafame S, Cocuzza S. Expression pattern of estroprogestinic receptors in sinonasal inverted papilloma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38962-38968. [PMID: 28473663 PMCID: PMC5503586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverted papilloma (IP) is a locally destructive, benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses with a high tendency for recurrence, a significant potential for malignancy, and an etiology that today is still uncertain. The expression of hormonal receptors in neoplastic tissues has been the focus of intensive research for its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. The aim of this study was to assess the potential estroprogestinic receptor expression in patients undergoing sinus surgery for IP. A retrospective study was carried out, on surgical specimens of 73 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for first manifestation of sinonasal IP (primitive IP group) and in 21 subjects who had developed a recurrence (relapsed IP group). The results of the immunohistochemical analysis of the first group showed the absence of receptor expression for PGR in all cases analyzed and the presence of a low positivity for ER in 11 cases (P > 0.082). Similarly, in the second group the results showed a low presence of ER receptors in 3 of the 21 cases (P > 0.068), while there was no evidence of PGR receptors in the examined samples. In addition, in 11 of the cases only 3 were considered positive (27.2%) showing a recurrence during follow-up (P > 0.068). Our results suggest that the sinonasal IP is a benign tumor independent of estrogen and progesterone, and the receptors for these hormones are therefore unsuitable as predictors of relapse or possible prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Gallina
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caruso
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Gynecological Clinic and Research Group for Sexology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Veronica Castro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Conti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Licciardello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lanzafame
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. Ingrassia", ENT Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Liu SH, Chen KF, Chen CJ, Lin YH, Huang YC. Intermittent nasal carriage with Staphylococcus aureus within a menstrual cycle: Results from a prospective cohort of healthy carriers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4040. [PMID: 27368032 PMCID: PMC4937946 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Female sex hormones have been related to nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in healthy individuals; however, whether nasal staphylococcal carriage varies by menstrual cycle phase remains unknown.We sampled anterior nares of female healthcare workers twice per week for 6 consecutive menstrual cycles. We used mixed-effects Poisson regression models to determine whether intermittent carriage was associated with cycle phases in a given individual. We also performed recurrent event survival analysis to identify host factors linked to incident carriage status.Overall, we collected 754 nasal swabs over 89 consecutive person-cycles from 14 intermittent carriers. In 84 ovulation-defined menstrual cycles (715 swabs), the period prevalence of staphylococcal carriage was 58.7%, 63.1%, and 64.9% in the follicular, periovulatory, and luteal phases, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant after multivariable adjustment and correction for within-person correlation (adjusted relative risk [RR]-periovulatory 0.92, P: 0.30; luteal 1.00, P: 0.98).Using survival analysis, we identified several host factors that were associated with incident loss, gain of colonization, or both. For example, as compared to women aged 20 to 30 years, those aged 30 to 40 years were less likely to losing carriage (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09, 0.80) but were as likely to regaining carriage (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.34). In comparison, being underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5) was significantly associated with a higher risk for regaining (HR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.51) and losing (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.12) colonization, indicating the alternating tendency for status changes. Personal hygiene behaviors, such as nostril cleansing habit and methods, differentially affected carriers' risk for losing or regaining staphylococcal colonization.Using an intensive sampling scheme, we found that nasal staphylococcal carriage could vary substantially over time in healthy carriers. Yet, such dynamic intraperson changes in carriage status did not depend on menstrual cycle phases but were associated with host age, BMI, and personal hygiene behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hsun Liu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
| | | | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan
- Correspondence: Yhu-Chering Huang, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fuhsin Street, Gueishan District, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Shirasaki H, Watanabe K, Kanaizumi E, Konno N, Sato J, Narita SI, Himi T. Expression and localization of steroid receptors in human nasal mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol 2004; 124:958-963. [PMID: 15536653 DOI: 10.1080/00016480310017063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in nasal mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human turbinates were obtained after turbinectomy from seven patients. The expression and localization of steroid receptors were examined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Using RT-PCR, GR and ER alpha mRNA were detected in all cases. In contrast, ER beta, PR and AR mRNA were found in five, four and six cases, respectively. Using immunohistochemistry, antibodies to GR showed the presence of GR within all cells of nasal mucosa, with the highest quantities of GR being localized in epithelial cells, submucosal glands and inflammatory leukocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis of sex steroid receptor revealed that anti-ER alpha antibody labelled mainly mast cells and anti-ER beta antibody labelled submucosal glands, and that no PR or AR expression was detected in any of the samples tested. CONCLUSIONS The role of ER in mast cells and submucosal glands has not been well clarified. However, precise knowledge of the identity and distribution of sex steroid receptor should be of considerable interest in understanding the role of sex hormones in upper airway diseases such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Nasal Mucosa/cytology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rabbits
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/immunology
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/immunology
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/immunology
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/immunology
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/immunology
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rhinitis/metabolism
- Turbinates/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Shirasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical School, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
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Stübner UP, Gruber D, Berger UE, Toth J, Marks B, Huber J, Horak F. The influence of female sex hormones on nasal reactivity in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy 1999; 54:865-71. [PMID: 10485391 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether the hormone peaks of estrogen and progesterone could influence the extent of the allergic reaction in grass-pollen-allergic women. METHODS Twenty-three allergic women with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to grass pollen were included in this trial. Twelve were taking oral contraceptives (OC) (control group), and 11 were taking no pill (target group). The subjects were challenged with grass pollen by nasal provocation test around day 14 of their menstrual cycle (ovulation day) and again at the end of the cycle (day 27). The primary criteria were the subjective nasal symptoms rhinorrhea, nasal blockage, itching, and sneezing. A further criterion was the objectively measured nasal mucosal swelling, assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry. All criteria were evaluated before and 15 min after provocation, and the hormone status was determined on each investigation day. RESULTS Comparisons of symptoms between the groups resulted in P values of > 0.05 for all symptoms at both visits except the symptom blocked nose, which was significantly lower (P=0.03) in the patients with OC intake at visit 2, and the symptom sneezing, which showed a significantly (P=0.02) higher increase in patients taking OC at the end of the cycle. The flow decrease reached a greater extent in the target group than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a correlation of the hormonal situation and the nasal allergic reactivity. OC intake led to an intensifying of neurogenic symptoms near the end of pill intake, a result which could be due to a protective effect of the endogenous progesterone, in contrast to the orally administered hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- U P Stübner
- ENT University Clinic, Department of Allergy, Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Lapco
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA
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