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Liu S, Wang Y, He W, Chen Y, Wang Q. The effect of students' effort-reward imbalance on learning engagement: the mediating role of learned helplessness and the moderating role of social support. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1329664. [PMID: 38390420 PMCID: PMC10881799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1329664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the predictive effect of effort-reward imbalance on students' learning engagement and to elucidate the underlying mechanism, 796 students were selected for a survey. Methods The participants were required to complete four scales: the Effort-reward Imbalance Scale, the Learning Engagement Scale, the Learned Helplessness Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Results (1) Students' effort-reward imbalance significantly and negatively predicts their learning engagement; (2) Learned helplessness serves as a mediator in the relationship between students' effort-reward imbalance and learning engagement; (3) Social support plays a moderating role in the association between effort-reward imbalance and learned helplessness. High levels of social support can buffer the impact of an effort-reward imbalance on learned helplessness, and the protective effect of social support is more obvious when the effort-reward imbalance is low. Discussion The present study revealed how an effort-reward imbalance affects learning engagement among students through the dimensions of learned helplessness and perceived social support. The constructed model not only further clarifies the mechanism underlying the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and learning engagement but also holds significant implications for guiding students' education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Liu
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanru Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanning He
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Beschoner P, Jerg-Bretzke L, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Rottler E, Brück A, Steiner L, Kempf MJ, von Wietersheim J. [Mobbing Among Hospital Physicians]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2022; 84:1094-1100. [PMID: 34905784 DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bullying in the workplace is considered an interpersonal stress factor. Occupational stress and mental health among physicians is increasingly becoming the focus of public attention. The extent to which mobbing plays a role in this has hardly been investigated yet. The aim of this study is to provide data on the prevalence of bullying among hospital physicians in Germany and possible correlations with occupational stress and mental health. METHODS Within the framework of two cross-sectional studies, 692 hospital physicians in the field of psychiatry/psychotherapy (P/PT) and 667 hospital physicians in intensive care (IM) were interviewed at conferences. Standardized questionnaires on mobbing experience, occupational stress and mental health (single item from COPSOQ, BDI-II, ERI, MBI) were used. RESULTS Bullying was experienced by 4.6% (n=61) of the respondents. IM and women physicians were more often affected (not significant) and correlations with occupational stress (ERI), overcommitment (OC), emotional exhaustion (MBI) and depression (BDI-II) were found. CONCLUSION Our data on a large cohort of physicians in specialties with different exposure profiles show that a relevant proportion is affected by bullying and that bullying is related to the experience of occupational stress as well as mental health impairments. From this, implications for institutional and individual prevention and support services can be derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Maxi Braun
- Artemed Kliniken GmbH und Co KG, Psychosomatische Klinik Kloster Dießen, Diessen, Deutschland
| | | | - Edit Rottler
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Aniela Brück
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Laurenz Steiner
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | | | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
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Bykov KV, Zrazhevskaya IA, Topka EO, Peshkin VN, Dobrovolsky AP, Isaev RN, Orlov AM. Prevalence of burnout among psychiatrists: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:47-64. [PMID: 35398112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a consequence of chronic occupational stress exposure. Psychiatrists are prone to burnout due to specific work-related factors. This study examined the burnout prevalence among psychiatrists. METHODS The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020204615). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and OpenGrey for relevant publications. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed. We used subgroup analysis and meta-regression to reveal any association of geographical region, survey year, participants' age, gender, and response rate with burnout. RESULTS Thirty-six studies involving 5481 participants were included. The prevalence of overall burnout was 25.9% [11.1%-40.7%] as measured by a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and 50.3% [30.9%-69.8%] as measured by a Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). The pooled prevalence was 43.5% [27.9%-59%] for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 28.2% [17.5%-38.9%] for high depersonalization (DP), and 32.4% [3.4%-61.3%] for low personal accomplishment (PA). The mean scores of 22-item MBI subscales were 21.51 [18.64%-24.38%] for EE, 6.57 [5.53%-7.62%] for DP, and 31.83 [25.73%-37.94%] for PA. European psychiatrists revealed (p = 0.045) lower EE score (20.82; 95% CI 7.24-24.41) measured by 22-item MBI compared to their non-European colleagues (24.99; 95% CI 23.05-26.94). Other results include mean scores for 16-item MBI-General Survey, burnout rates, and scores in CBI subscales. LIMITATIONS The main limitation was high heterogeneity in terms of statistics, screening methods, burnout definitions, and cut-off points utilized in included studies. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is highly prevalent among psychiatrists. Future research should focus on finding consensus on burnout screening, longitudinal evaluation of psychiatrists' burnout predictors, and development of effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Bykov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Inna A Zrazhevskaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elvira O Topka
- Mental Hospital №13, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valery N Peshkin
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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Meta-analysis of effort–reward imbalance prevalence among physicians. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:559-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Pantenburg B, Jung F, Conrad I, Riedel-Heller SG. [Burnout Among Physicians Working in Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Care]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 48:371-377. [PMID: 33472266 DOI: 10.1055/a-1310-1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burnout is considered to be a major risk factor that can contribute secondary disorders due to persistent work related stress. International studies showed that physicians working in psychiatric care are more frequently affected by burnout than physicians working in somatic care. Studies from Germany are lacking. METHODS In a cross-sectional study all physicians 40 years and younger and registered with the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony, Germany, received an anonymous paper-pencil questionnaire. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Physicians working in psychiatric/psychosomatic care did not differ from physicians working in somatic care regarding the subscales emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Physicians working in psychiatric/psychosomatic care reported higher personal accomplishment. Working in psychiatric/psychosomatic care was associated with a lower likelihood for a high degree of burnout on the subscale personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION Previous studies suggesting a higher prevalence of burnout among physicians working in psychiatric care could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Pantenburg
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Franziska Jung
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig
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Effort-Reward Imbalance, Mental Health and Burnout in Occupational Groups That Face Mental Stress. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:847-852. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Suizidalität und Sucht unter Ärzten. URO-NEWS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7326758 DOI: 10.1007/s00092-020-4162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Beschoner P, von Wietersheim J, Jarczok MN, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Jerg-Bretzke L, Steiner L. Changes in Working Conditions and Mental Health Among Intensive Care Physicians Across a Decade. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:145. [PMID: 32296349 PMCID: PMC7136524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: International studies have shown that among physicians working in intensive care, a relatively high level of work load, an elevated risk of developing burnout and reduced mental health are frequent. The implementation of a legislative intervention in Germany with the goal to reduce the working hours of physicians, offered an opportunity to investigate the potential influence of occupational conditions on stress and mental health. The present study investigates working conditions, occupational stress and burnout risk in two samples of German Intensive Care Physicians in 2006 and 2016. The aim was to assess how occupational and private stress factors influenced burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance indices over this time-period. Methods: Intensive care physicians were surveyed during the annual conference of their profession in two cross-sectional studies (10-year gap). Data on demographic (occupational, family), medical history, and mental health (burnout and Effort-Reward-Imbalance) were assessed by paper pencil questionnaires. Results: In total, N = 2,085 physicians participated (2006: N = 1,403, 2016: N = 695), with N = 1,840 (2006 = 1,248; 2016 = 592) eligible for propensity score matching comparison. In general, more working hours per week and working days on weekends were associated with an increased effort/reward imbalance and higher burnout scores. From 2006 to 2016, reductions in working hours per week and days worked on weekends were accompanied by improvements in occupational stress (Effort-Reward-Imbalance) and by trend in mental health indices (burnout) after matching for differences in working conditions. Conclusions: The study presents the changes concerning occupational stress factors and mental wellbeing in physicians working in intensive care in 2016 as compared to 2006. These findings may promote the implementation of preventive strategies in the vocational context to protect health and productivity of physicians, especially intensive care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maxi Braun
- Clinic of Psychosomatics Kloster Dießen, Dießen am Ammersee, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laurenz Steiner
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Chang S, Picco L, Abdin E, Yuan Q, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Resilience and associative stigma among mental health professionals in a tertiary psychiatric hospital: a cross-sectional study in Singapore. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033762. [PMID: 31888942 PMCID: PMC6937006 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mental health profession exposes healthcare workers to unique stressors such as associative stigma (stigmatisation that is extended from the stigmatised patients to psychiatric professionals and is based on affiliation with an individual with mental illness). Enhancing resilience, or the ability to 'bounce back' from adversity, is found to be useful in reducing occupational stress and its negative effects. In view of the high burnout rates reported among mental health professionals, this study aimed to examine resilience in this group of professionals and to explore the association between resilience and associative stigma. DESIGN Observational study-cross-sectional design. SETTING Tertiary psychiatry hospital in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted among 470 mental health professionals (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) working in the hospital. MEASURES Resilience was assessed using the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and participants completed questionnaires that examined associative stigma. Participants provided their sociodemographic information, length of service, and information on whether they knew of a close friend or family member who had a mental illness. RESULTS Mean resilience score for the overall sample was 3.59 (SD=0.64). Older age (β=0.012, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.019, p=0.003) and having known a family member or close friend with a mental illness (β=0.155, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.290, p=0.025) predicted higher BRS score. Associative stigma remained significantly associated with resilience score after controlling for sociodemographic factors whereby higher associative stigma predicted lower resilience scores. CONCLUSION The present finding suggests that resilience building programmes among mental health workers should target those of the younger age group, and that addressing the issue of associative stigma is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Yuan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Beschoner P, Limbrecht-Ecklundt K, Jerg-Bretzke L. [Mental health among physicians : Burnout, depression, anxiety and substance abuse in the occupational context]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 90:961-974. [PMID: 31172233 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-0739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders show a high risk for psychological impairment among physicians in Germany. There is evidence that the mental health of physicians exerts a significant influence on the quality of patient care. The estimated prevalence rates for burnout among physicians in Germany vary between 4% and 20% and for depression between 6% and 13%. In addition, there is evidence for impairment in the context of anxiety, suicidal tendencies and substance abuse. Importantly, work-related stress factors play an important role in the development of mental disorders among physicians. In addition to individual prevention and interventions, institutional measures have been shown to be effective as a preventive strategy. It is therefore important to establish effective interventions specifically tailored to physicians to reduce stress factors at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Beschoner
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - Kerstin Limbrecht-Ecklundt
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Lucia Jerg-Bretzke
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
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11
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Beschoner P, Braun M, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C, Freudenmann RW, von Wietersheim J. [Gender aspects in female and male physicians : Occupational and psychosocial stress]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:1343-50. [PMID: 27631321 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International studies have shown that physicians have an elevated risk of developing depression or burnout syndrome. Gender aspects with regard to occupation are discussed in German politics and society. Currently, there is little data comparing female and male physicians with regard to stress at work, depression, and burnout. OBJECTIVES Are there differences between male and female physicians with respect to psychosocial strain, emotional exhaustion, and depression? METHODS In different cross-sectional studies, anaesthetists, psychiatrists and dentists filled out a questionnaire containing questions on personal data, occupation, past medical history and medication intake. Additional standardized questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)) were performed. RESULTS The return rate was 51.8 % (n = 3782). Male and female physicians vary significantly in social data, participation in the job, and health status. Female physicians are on average not married (p < 0.001) and have significantly fewer children (p < 0.05). Leading positions are mostly held by male physicians (p < 0.001); female physicians more often work in part-time jobs (p < 0.001). Female physicians reached higher scores of emotional exhaustion (MBI) (p < 0.01) and depression (BDI) (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION The study shows big differences between male and female physicians with respect to their occupation, personal life, and psychosocial wellbeing. Female physicians more often report burnout and depression. Causes might be family and job strain, gender aspects in hierarchy, as well as different recognition and interpretation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beschoner
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - M Braun
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - C Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Deutschland
| | - R W Freudenmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, 89075, Deutschland
| | - J von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
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Liu C, Wang L, Zhao Q. Factors related to health-related quality of life among Chinese psychiatrists: occupational stress and psychological capital. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 25609081 PMCID: PMC4314731 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatry has been considered as one of the most stressful medical specialities, and psychiatrists are likely to experience impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, few studies are available in regard to related factors of HRQOL among psychiatrists in China. This study aims to evaluate the condition of HRQOL of psychiatrists and explore its predictive factors, especially the effects of occupational stress and psychological capital. METHODS A cross-sectional, multicenter survey was conducted among psychiatrists from different regions of Liaoning province, China, during August 2013-April 2014. Self-administrated questionnaires including the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Chinese version Psychological Capital Questionnaire, effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) scale and participants' basic characteristics were distributed to 500 psychiatrists from 10 psychiatric hospitals of 8 major cities in Liaoning province. Overall, 373 psychiatrists became our final research objects. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMR) was performed to explore the predictors of psychiatrists' HRQOL. RESULTS The mean (SD) scores of PCS and MCS among psychiatrists were 79.78 (16.55) and 71.50 (19.24) respectively. The mean (SD) of ERR were 0.777 (0.493), and 89 (23.9%) had ERR scores above 1 (ERR > 1). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that, psychiatrists' basic characteristics that significant correlated with PCS and MCS were educational level, turnover intention, and exercise; age, weekly working hours were associated with MCS; psychiatrists' experienced occupational stress (both ERR and overcommitment), and PsyCap were significant predictors for PCS and MCS. CONCLUSIONS Chinese psychiatrists experienced relatively good physical QOL but impaired mental QOL, and they experienced high level of occupational stress. For the sake of psychiatrists' HRQOL, the reduction of occupational stress should be implemented. The enhancement of PsyCap could be a new intervention strategy and should be paid attention to in improving HRQOL of psychiatrists. Proportionate occupational reward (money, esteem, career opportunities) to their high work demands, psychological counseling, and stress management courses should be provided to psychiatrists to improve their QOL. PsyCap, as a personal coping resource open to change, should be managed and developed among psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of public health, China Medical University, No.92 North second road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of public health, China Medical University, No.92 North second road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of public health, China Medical University, No.92 North second road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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The eye of the storm: a feasibility study of an adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group intervention to manage NHS staff stress. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s1754470x14000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA feasibility study evaluated five adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) groups that were delivered to staff in a National Health Service (NHS) mental health Trust as part of a staff health and wellbeing initiative. Using an uncontrolled design typical of a feasibility study, recruitment, retention and acceptability of the groups were assessed. Effectiveness was also measured at pre- and post-therapy, and at 3-month follow-up, using quantitative methods. In addition, qualitative methods were used to explore staff experiences of the groups. Results demonstrated high levels of feasibility, and significant improvements in staff perceived stress and self-compassion at both post-therapy and follow-up. Qualitative data suggested many staff felt the groups had improved their physical and emotional health, their ability to manage stress at work and the quality of their work with patients and of their relationships with colleagues. Although Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has typically been used to help manage staff stress, these results are promising for the use of an adapted MBCT with this population. Challenges and factors contributing to these outcomes are discussed.
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14
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Volpe U, Luciano M, Palumbo C, Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Fiorillo A. Risk of burnout among early career mental health professionals. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2014; 21:774-81. [PMID: 25757038 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is a stress-related syndrome that often affects mental health professionals (MHPs) and may have serious consequences on personal well-being as well as on the quality of provided psychiatric care. Established literature shows a high risk to develop burnout among MHPs. Few data are available on the incidence and on the clinical implications of the burnout syndrome in the early phases of MHP professional career. We confirmed the presence of burnout among early career MHPs: early career psychiatrists showed a lower sense of personal accomplishment, while non-medical MHPs tended to have more depersonalization and suffered from higher levels of depression. Specific programmes to identify the presence of the burnout syndrome and to cope with it should be taught within mental health training curricula. Burnout is a stress-related syndrome that often affects professionals working in emotionally loaded and highly interpersonal environments. Mental health professionals (MHPs) are long known to be at high risk to develop the burnout syndrome, but this has rarely been investigated in professionals in an early phase of career. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the burnout syndrome and of depressive symptoms among early career psychiatrists and 'non-medical' MHPs. One hundred MHPs (including 50 psychiatrists and 50 non-medical MHPs) were screened for the presence of burnout and depression, with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory - revised, respectively. The relationships of burnout with socio-demographical and professional characteristics were also explored. We confirmed the presence of burnout among both groups of early career MHPs, but psychiatrists had a significantly higher degree of emotional exhaustion and a lower sense of personal accomplishment, while non-medical MHPs adopted more frequently depersonalization as a coping strategy and had higher scores for depression, which is associated with higher level of burnout. The risk of developing burnout should be properly addressed in training curricula and strategies to overcome it should be systematically taught, in order to promote personal well-being and efficient team work in mental health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
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Baruch Y, Swartz M, Sirkis S, Mirecki I, Barak Y. Staff happiness and work satisfaction in a tertiary psychiatric centre. Occup Med (Lond) 2013; 63:442-4. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqt087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Stress, burnout, and job dissatisfaction in mental health workers. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262 Suppl 2:S65-9. [PMID: 22926058 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the industrial world has transformed toward a service economy, a particular interest has developed in mental health problems at the workplace. The risk for burnout is significantly increased in certain occupations, notably for health care workers. Beyond the effects of an extensive workload, many working hours, or long night shifts, the medical field has specific stressors. Physicians work in emotionally demanding environments with patients, families, or other medical staff. They must make quick decisions while faced with a quite frequent information overload. All of these stressors have to be weighed against a rapidly changing organizational context within medicine. Today, economics objectives have priority over medical values in health care. In principal, mental health workers should experience similar work stressors and the same contextual factors as health professionals from other medical disciplines. However, several studies have identified stressors that are unique to the psychiatric profession. These challenges range from the stigma of this profession, to particularly demanding relationships with patients and difficult interactions with other mental health professionals as part of multidisciplinary teams to personal threats from violent patients. Other sources of stress are a lack of positive feedback, low pay, and a poor work environment. Finally, patient suicide is a major stressor, upon which a majority of mental health workers report post-traumatic stress symptoms.
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