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Maung MT, Carlson A, Olea-Flores M, Elkhadragy L, Schachtschneider KM, Navarro-Tito N, Padilla-Benavides T. The molecular and cellular basis of copper dysregulation and its relationship with human pathologies. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21810. [PMID: 34390520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient required for the activity of redox-active enzymes involved in critical metabolic reactions, signaling pathways, and biological functions. Transporters and chaperones control Cu ion levels and bioavailability to ensure proper subcellular and systemic Cu distribution. Intensive research has focused on understanding how mammalian cells maintain Cu homeostasis, and how molecular signals coordinate Cu acquisition and storage within organs. In humans, mutations of genes that regulate Cu homeostasis or facilitate interactions with Cu ions lead to numerous pathologic conditions. Malfunctions of the Cu+ -transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B cause Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. Additionally, defects in the mitochondrial and cellular distributions and homeostasis of Cu lead to severe neurodegenerative conditions, mitochondrial myopathies, and metabolic diseases. Cu has a dual nature in carcinogenesis as a promotor of tumor growth and an inducer of redox stress in cancer cells. Cu also plays role in cancer treatment as a component of drugs and a regulator of drug sensitivity and uptake. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of Cu metabolism and transport and its relation to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- May T Maung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Napoleon Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
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Januchowski R, Sterzyńska K, Zaorska K, Sosińska P, Klejewski A, Brązert M, Nowicki M, Zabel M. Analysis of MDR genes expression and cross-resistance in eight drug resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:65. [PMID: 27756418 PMCID: PMC5069986 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is the main reason of intrinsic or acquired insensitivity to chemotherapy in many cancers. In this study we used ovarian cancer model of acquired drug resistance to study development of MDR. We have developed eight drug resistant cell lines from A2780 ovarian cancer cell line: two cell lines resistant to each drug commonly used in ovarian cancer chemotherapy: cisplatin (CIS), paclitaxel (PAC), doxorubicin (DOX) and topotecan (TOP). A chemosensitivity assay - MTT was performed to assess drug cross-resistance. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were also performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes/proteins involved in drug resistance (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1, MRP2, MVP). Flow cytometry was used to determine the activity of drug transporters. Results We could observe cross-resistance between PAC- and DOX-resistant cell lines. Additionally, both PAC-resistant cell lines were cross-resistant to TOP and both TOP-resistant cell lines were cross-resistant to DOX. We observed two different mechanisms of resistance to TOP related to P-gp and BCRP expression and activity. P-gp and BCRP were also involved in DOX resistance. Expression of MRP2 was increased in CIS-resistant cell lines and increased MVP expression was observed in CIS-, PAC- and TOP-, but not in DOX-resistant cell lines. Conclusions Effectiveness of TOP and DOX in second line of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer can be limited because of their cross-resistance to PAC. Moreover, cross-resistance of PAC-resistant cell line to CIS suggests that such interaction between those drugs might also be probable in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Januchowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Karolina Sterzyńska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zaorska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sosińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 St., 61-781, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Sawers L, Ferguson MJ, Ihrig BR, Young HC, Chakravarty P, Wolf CR, Smith G. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) directly influences platinum drug chemosensitivity in ovarian tumour cell lines. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1150-8. [PMID: 25010864 PMCID: PMC4453841 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer patients is frequently compromised by drug resistance, possibly due to altered drug metabolism. Platinum drugs are metabolised by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which is abundantly, but variably expressed in ovarian tumours. We have created novel ovarian tumour cell line models to investigate the extent to which differential GSTP1 expression influences chemosensitivity. Methods: Glutathione S-transferase P1 was stably deleted in A2780 and expression significantly reduced in cisplatin-resistant A2780DPP cells using Mission shRNA constructs, and MTT assays used to compare chemosensitivity to chemotherapy drugs used to treat ovarian cancer. Differentially expressed genes in GSTP1 knockdown cells were identified by Illumina HT-12 expression arrays and qRT–PCR analysis, and altered pathways predicted by MetaCore (GeneGo) analysis. Cell cycle changes were assessed by FACS analysis of PI-labelled cells and invasion and migration compared in quantitative Boyden chamber-based assays. Results: Glutathione S-transferase P1 knockdown selectively influenced cisplatin and carboplatin chemosensitivity (2.3- and 4.83-fold change in IC50, respectively). Cell cycle progression was unaffected, but cell invasion and migration was significantly reduced. We identified several novel GSTP1 target genes and candidate platinum chemotherapy response biomarkers. Conclusions: Glutathione S-transferase P1 has an important role in cisplatin and carboplatin metabolism in ovarian cancer cells. Inter-tumour differences in GSTP1 expression may therefore influence response to platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sawers
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - M J Ferguson
- Dundee Cancer Centre, NHS Tayside, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - B R Ihrig
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - H C Young
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - P Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service, Cancer Research UK, 44 Lincolns Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, London, UK
| | - C R Wolf
- 1] Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK [2] Cancer Research UK Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - G Smith
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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MDR gene expression analysis of six drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:241763. [PMID: 23484165 PMCID: PMC3591129 DOI: 10.1155/2013/241763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecological malignancies. Multiple drug resistance makes cancer cells insensitive to chemotherapy. In this study, we developed six
primary ovarian cancer cell lines (W1MR, W1CR, W1DR, W1VR, W1TR, and W1PR) resistant to drugs such as methotrexate, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine, topotecan, and paclitaxel. A chemosensitivity assay MTT test was performed to assess drug cross-resistance. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were also performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in chemoresistance. We observed high cross-resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine, and paclitaxel in the cell lines resistant to these agents. We also found a significant correlation between resistance to these drugs and increased expression of P-gp. Two different mechanisms of topotecan resistance were observed in the W1TR and W1PR cell lines. We did not observe any correlation between MRP2 transcript
and protein levels. Cell lines resistant to agents used in ovarian cancer treatment remained sensitive to methotrexate. The main mechanisms of drug resistance were due to P-gp expression in the doxorubicin, vincristine, and paclitaxel resistant cell lines and BCRP expression in the topotecan resistant cell line.
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Wu W, Wang HD, Guo W, Yang K, Zhao YP, Jiang YG, He P. Up-regulation of Fas reverses cisplatin resistance of human small cell lung cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:49. [PMID: 20470393 PMCID: PMC2877011 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim Fas/FasL system is a major regulator of apoptosis. The mechanisms by which Fas mediates cisplatin resistance remain unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of Fas over-expression on cisplatin resistance of small cell lung cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. Materials and methods Fas was over-expressed in H446/CDDP cells by infection with the adenoviruses containing Fas. Sensitivity of Fas-overexpressed H446/CDDP cells to cisplatin was evaluated using MTT assay. Expressions of Fas, GST-π and ERCC1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Apoptosis rate was examined by FACS. Results Over-expression of Fas in H446/CDDP cells significantly decreased the expressions of GST-π and ERCC1 at mRNA and protein levels, and increased the cell apoptosis. Furthermore, up-regulation of Fas significantly decreased the tolerance of H446/CDDP cells to cisplatin. Conclusion Over-expression of Fas reverses drug resistance of H446/CDDP cells, possibly due to the increased cell sensitivity to apoptosis and the decreased expressions of GST-π and ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Kolwijck E, Zusterzeel PL, Roelofs HM, Hendriks JC, Peters WH, Massuger LF. GSTP1-1 in Ovarian Cyst Fluid and Disease Outcome of Patients With Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2176-81. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Stewart DJ. Mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 63:12-31. [PMID: 17336087 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While cisplatin and carboplatin are active versus most common cancers, epithelial malignancies are incurable when metastatic. Even if an initial response occurs, acquired resistance due to mutations and epigenetic events limits efficacy. Resistance may be due to excess of a resistance factor, to saturation of factors required for tumor cell killing, or to mutation or alteration of a factor required for tumor cell killing. Platinum resistance could arise from decreased tumor blood flow, extracellular conditions, reduced platinum uptake, increased efflux, intracellular detoxification by glutathione, etc., decreased binding (e.g., due to high intracellular pH), DNA repair, decreased mismatch repair, defective apoptosis, antiapoptotic factors, effects of several signaling pathways, or presence of quiescent non-cycling cells. In lung cancer, flattening of dose-response curves at higher doses suggests that efficacy is limited by exhaustion of something required for cell killing, and several clinical observations suggest epigenetic events may play a major role in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stewart
- Section of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kavanagh JJ, Gershenson DM, Choi H, Lewis L, Patel K, Brown GL, Garcia A, Spriggs DR. Multi-institutional phase 2 study of TLK286 (TELCYTA, a glutathione S-transferase P1-1 activated glutathione analog prodrug) in patients with platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005; 15:593-600. [PMID: 16014111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of TLK286 (TELCYTA(TM)), a glutathione analog prodrug, in patients with platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian carcinoma. Thirty-six patients with measurable disease were enrolled. TLK286 was administered at 1000 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. The endpoints were objective response rate assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and survival. Adverse events were graded using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. Thirty-four platinum refractory or resistant patients (94%) were evaluable for objective tumor response. Five patients (15%) had objective tumor responses, including one durable complete response (CR) of greater than 3 years and continuing. The disease stabilization rate was 50%, including one CR (3%), four partial responses (12%), and 12 durable disease stabilizations (35%). Responses were accompanied by improvement in clinical symptoms and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) and decline in CA125 levels. Median survival was 423 days with survival of 60% at 1 year and 40% at 18 months. TLK286 was well tolerated in this population. TLK286 is an active agent in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. Further studies of TLK286 in platinum and paclitaxel refractory or resistant ovarian cancer are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Kavanagh
- The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ralat LA, Colman RF. Glutathione S-transferase Pi has at least three distinguishable xenobiotic substrate sites close to its glutathione-binding site. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50204-13. [PMID: 15347687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407445200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), present in cruciferous vegetables, is an efficient substrate of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (hGST P1-1). BITC also acts as an affinity label of hGST P1-1 in the absence of glutathione, yielding an enzyme inactive toward BITC as substrate. As monitored by using BITC as substrate, the dependence of k of inactivation (K(I)) of hGST P1-1 on [BITC] is hyperbolic, with K(I) = 66 +/- 7 microM. The enzyme incorporates 2 mol of BITC/mol of enzyme subunit upon complete inactivation. S-Methylglutathione and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) each yield partial protection against inactivation and decrease reagent incorporation, whereas S-(N-benzylthiocarbamoyl)glutathione or S-methylglutathione + ANS protects completely. Mapping of proteolytic digests of modified enzyme by using mass spectrometry reveals that Tyr(103) and Cys(47) are modified equally. S-Methylglutathione reduces modification of Cys(47), indicating this residue is at/near the glutathione binding region, whereas ANS decreases modification of Tyr(103), suggesting this residue is at/near the BITC substrate site, which is also near the binding site of ANS. The Y103F and Y103S mutant enzymes were generated, expressed, and purified. Both mutants handle substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene normally; however, Y103S exhibits a 30-fold increase in K(m) for BITC and binds ANS poorly, whereas Y103F has a normal K(m) for BITC and K(d) for ANS. These results indicate that an aromatic residue at position 103 is essential for the binding of BITC and ANS. This study provides evidence for the existence of a novel xenobiotic substrate site in hGST P1-1, which can be occupied by benzyl isothiocyanate and is distinct from that of monobromobimane and 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ralat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Ralat LA, Colman RF. Monobromobimane occupies a distinct xenobiotic substrate site in glutathione S-transferase pi. Protein Sci 2004; 12:2575-87. [PMID: 14573868 PMCID: PMC2366952 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03249303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Monobromobimane (mBBr), functions as a substrate of porcine glutathione S-transferase pi (GST pi): The enzyme catalyzes the reaction of mBBr with glutathione. S-(Hydroxyethyl)bimane, a nonreactive analog of monobromobimane, acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to mBBr as substrate but does not affect the reaction of GST pi with another substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In the absence of glutathione, monobromobimane inactivates GST pi at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C as assayed using mBBr as substrate, with a lesser effect on the enzyme's use of CDNB as substrate. These results indicate that the sites occupied by CDNB and mBBr are not identical. Inactivation is proportional to the incorporation of 2 moles of bimane/mole of subunit. Modification of GST pi with mBBr does not interfere with its binding of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate, indicating that this hydrophobic site is not the target of monobromobimane. S-Methylglutathione and S-(hydroxyethyl)bimane each yield partial protection against inactivation and decrease reagent incorporation, while glutathionyl-bimane protects completely against inactivation. Peptide analysis after trypsin digestion indicates that mBBr modifies Cys45 and Cys99 equally. Modification of Cys45 is reduced in the presence of S-methylglutathione, indicating that this residue is at or near the glutathione binding region. In contrast, modification of Cys99 is reduced in the presence of S-(hydroxyethyl)bimane, suggesting that this residue is at or near the mBBr xenobiotic substrate binding site. Modification of Cys99 can best be understood by reaction with monobromobimane while it is bound to its xenobiotic substrate site in an alternate orientation. These results support the concept that glutathione S-transferase accomplishes its ability to react with a diversity of substrates in part by harboring distinct xenobiotic substrate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Ralat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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Ikeda K, Sakai K, Yamamoto R, Hareyama H, Tsumura N, Watari H, Shimizu M, Minakami H, Sakuragi N. Multivariate analysis for prognostic significance of histologic subtype, GST-pi, MDR-1, and p53 in stages II-IV ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004; 13:776-84. [PMID: 14675314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2003.13381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that histologic subtype of ovarian cancer is a factor that determines the chemoresponsiveness of tumor. In this study, we wanted to clarify the prognostic significance of histologic subtype and its correlation to expression of chemoresistance-related proteins (CRPs) in ovarian cancer. A total of 93 stage II-IV ovarian cancers, where the proportion of serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell subtype was 61.3%, 14.0%, 7.5%, and 17.2%, respectively, were investigated for glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), MDR (multidrug resistance)-1, and p53 expression using immunohistochemistry. GST-pi expression was detected in 62.4% of the tumors and was not related to histologic subtype of tumor. MDR-1 expression was observed in 12.9% of the tumors tested and was more frequently detected in clear cell adenocarcinomas than other histologic subtypes of tumor (10/ 16 vs. 2 / 77, P < 0.001). P53 expression was found in 49.1% of serous, 53.8% of endometrioid, and 50% of mucinous adenocarcinomas. In contrast, none of 16 clear cell adenocarcinomas showed positive p53 staining. In univariate analysis, no direct correlations were found between CRPs and overall survival. Histology of mucinous/clear cell tumors (P = 0.0063), as well as FIGO stage III/IV (P = 0.0091) and residual tumor >or= 2 cm (P = 0.0045), was found to have independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, histologic subtype proved to be the significant independent prognostic factor in addition to FIGO stage and residual tumor in stage II-IV ovarian cancer. GST-pi, MDR-1, and p53 expression pattern is closely related to histologic subtype of ovarian cancer, although they are not significant predictors of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Satoh T, Nishida M, Tsunoda H, Kubo T. Expression of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in human malignant ovarian tumors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 96:202-8. [PMID: 11384808 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) has attracted much attention and has been studied as a mechanism of multidrug resistance of tumors to anticancer drugs. In the present study, we immunohistologically measured the expression of GST-pi in tumor tissues using surgical specimens obtained from patients with malignant ovarian tumors. METHODS Of 137 patients with malignant ovarian tumors treated and managed during a period of 20 years since the establishment of Tsukuba University Hospital, 117 patients were selected as subjects because of the presence of complete data on their clinical courses as well as paraffin blocks preserved in a good condition. GST-pi in these specimens was immunohistochemically stained to determine the correlation between GST-pi stainability and clinical outcomes. Stainability was graded as 0 when GST-pi was completely absent, 1 when less than 20% of tumor cells were stained, 2 when 20--60% were stained, and 3 when more than 60% were stained. RESULTS When the correlation between stainability and clinical outcomes was analyzed with Kaplan--Meier method, excluding stage Ia cases that did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy at our hospital, significantly better clinical outcomes were observed in the low stainable group, compared with the high stainable group (P<0.01--0.05, Cox--Mantel test, Wilcoxon's test). CONCLUSION Since the stainability for GST-pi was high in tumors of histological types with strong resistance to anticancer drugs, and better clinical outcomes were observed in cases having a lower stainability score, the expression of GST-pi was thought to play some role in the resistance of malignant ovarian tumors to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Satoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ibaraki Seinan Central Hospital, Ibaraki 306-0433, Japan
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