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Kwon SY, Park YJ. Function of NAD metabolism in white adipose tissue: lessons from mouse models. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2313297. [PMID: 38316756 PMCID: PMC10877972 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2313297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is an endogenous substance in redox reactions and regulates various functions in metabolism. NAD and its precursors are known for their anti-ageing and anti-obesity properties and are mainly active in the liver and muscle. Boosting NAD+ through supplementation with the precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside (NR), enhances insulin sensitivity and circadian rhythm in the liver, and improves mitochondrial function in the muscle. Recent evidence has revealed that the adipose tissue could be another direct target of NAD supplementation by attenuating inflammation and fat accumulation. Moreover, murine studies with genetically modified models demonstrated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a NAD regulatory enzyme that synthesizes NMN, played a critical role in lipogenesis and lipolysis in an adipocyte-specific manner. The tissue-specific effects of NAD+ metabolic pathways indicate a potential of the NAD precursors to control metabolic stress particularly via focusing on adipose tissue. Therefore, this narrative review raises an importance of NAD metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) through a variety of studies using different mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kwon
- Graduate Program in System Health and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Graduate Program in System Health and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang X, Qin Y, Li J, Huang P, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang H. Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2335340. [PMID: 38587818 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum (p < .05). Goblet cells (ileal crypt) and endocrine cells (ileal villus) significantly increased in Control and H-VB5 (p < .05). The H-VB5 group exhibited significantly higher levels of ki67 and crypt depth in the cecum and colon, colonic goblet cells and endocrine cells were both rising considerably (p < .05). Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly reduced in the H-VB5 group (p < .05), and there was a decreasing trend in butyric acid (p = .073). At the genus level, the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium_Sensu_Structo_1 Strecto_1, Terrisporbacter and Streptococcus decreased significantly and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Turicibacter increased significantly in H-VB5 group (p < .05). Overall, the addition of 50 mg/kg VB5 primarily enhanced the morphological structure, cell proliferation and differentiation of the ileum, cecum and colon. It also had a significant impact on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wawrzyńczak A, Nowak I, Feliczak-Guzik A. SBA-15- and SBA-16-Functionalized Silicas as New Carriers of Niacinamide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17567. [PMID: 38139403 PMCID: PMC10743396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous silica as a food additive (E 551) is used in food materials (e.g., sweeteners, dairy products) for its anti-caking properties. The physicochemical properties of SiO2 also make it suitable to serve as a carrier of active substances in functional foods, dietary supplements, and drugs. Deficiency of niacinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) leads to several pathologies in the nervous system and causes one of the nutritional diseases called pellagra. The present study focuses on the use of hybrid ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15/SBA-16) functionalized with amino groups introduced through grafting or co-condensation with (N-vinylbenzyl)aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Z-6032) as novel carriers of niacinamide. They combine the characteristics of a relatively stable and chemically inert amorphous silica matrix with well-defined structural/textural parameters and organic functional groups that give specific chemical properties. The highest degree of carrier loading with niacinamide (16 wt.%) was recorded for the unmodified SBA-15. On the other hand, the highest degree of niacinamide release characterizes the functionalized SBA-15 sample (60% after 24 h), indicating that the presence of amino groups affects the release profile of niacinamide from the structure of the mesoporous silica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (I.N.)
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Ma Y, Yi M, Wang W, Liu X, Wang Q, Liu C, Chen Y, Deng H. Oxidative degradation of dihydrofolate reductase increases CD38-mediated ferroptosis susceptibility. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:944. [PMID: 36351893 PMCID: PMC9646779 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High expression of CD38 in tissues is a characteristic of aging, resulting in a decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether CD38 increases susceptibility to ferroptosis remains largely unexplored. Our previous study showed that CD38 overexpression decreased dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In the present study, we confirmed that high expression of CD38 increased ROS levels and induced DHFR degradation, which was prevented by nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) replenishment. We further revealed that ROS-mediated sulfonation on Cys7 of DHFR induced its degradation via the autophagy and non-canonical proteasome pathways. Mutation of Cys7 to alanine abolished ROS-induced DHFR degradation. Moreover, oxidative degradation of DHFR was responsible for the increased ferroptosis susceptibility of cells in which CD38 was highly expressed. We also found that CD38 expression was higher in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from aged mice than those from young mice, while the DHFR level was lower. Consequently, we demonstrated that BMDMs from aged mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis that can be reverted by NMN replenishment, suggesting that CD38 high expression rendered cells more susceptible to ferroptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that CD38-mediated NAD+ decline promoted DHFR oxidative degradation, thus resulting in increased cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis and suggesting that NMN replenishment may protect macrophages from ferroptosis in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Yi
- grid.459355.b0000 0004 6014 2908BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- grid.411847.f0000 0004 1804 4300Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100043 Beijing, China
| | - Chongdong Liu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100043 Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Jia H, Liu X, Zhang R, Guan J. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal the regulatory effects of compound probiotics on cecal metabolism in heat-stressed broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102323. [PMID: 36436366 PMCID: PMC9706624 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of compound probiotics on the caecum of broilers under heat stress was assessed in this study. A total of 400 twenty-eight-day-old AA male broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, where each group had 5 replicates of 20 broilers. The 4 treatment groups were a heat stress control group (broilers receiving a normal diet) and groups HP I, HP II, and HP Ⅲ, consisting of broilers receiving 1, 5, and 10 g of compound probiotics added to each kilogram of feed, respectively. Compound probiotics (L. casei, L. acidophilus, and B. lactis at a ratio of 1:1:2) were used to formulate a compound probiotic powder, with 1 × 1010 CFU/g of effective viable bacteria. Heat stress treatment was performed at 32 ± 1°C from 9:00 to 17:00 every day from 28 d to 42 d. In d 28 to 42, compared with the HC group, the ADG of broilers in the HP II and III groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05); the ADFI difference between groups was not significant (P > 0.05); the FCR of HP II and III broilers was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); and the FCR of the HP I group increased, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Transcriptome results demonstrate that 665 differential genes were screened (DEGs; upregulated: 366, downregulated: 299). The DEGs were enriched in the B cell receptor signaling pathway, the intestinal immune network for IgA synthesis, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways, according to KEGG enrichment analysis. Metabolome analysis identified 92 differential metabolites (DAMs; upregulated: 48, downregulated: 44). KEGG enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis and beta-Alanine metabolism. The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that the DAMs and DEGs were mostly involved in beta-alanine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The results of this study suggest that the addition of compound probiotics has a positive effect on intestinal metabolites, improving the growth performance and contributing to the overall health of broilers under heat stress.
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Li H, Li Y, Song L, Cheng J, Ge J, Yu X, Sun W. Effects of tebuconazole application at different growth stages on rice grain quality of rice-based untargeted metabolomics. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134920. [PMID: 35588883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a pesticide widely used in crops and has a strong control effect on fungal pathogens. TEB abuse has caused many food safety problems. In this study, the TEB residue in rice and the effect of TEB on white rice quality were investigated. The results showed that under two spraying concentrations, the TEB residue in rice was 11.21-19.05 μg/kg and 24.45-31.12 μg/kg, and there was no food safety risk of pesticide residue. When applying TEB according to the instructions, no significant effect was found. However, when 3 times the recommended TEB concentration was used at the filling stage, the protein content of white rice decreased significantly from 106.52 mg/g to 80.72 mg/g. At the jointing,heading and filling stage, the amylose content of white rice decreased to 53.95 mg/g, 48.77 mg/g and 49.04 mg/g from the blank control group. Plant metabolic analysis using LC-QTOF/MS revealed that the amino acid-related metabolic pathways in white rice were significantly affected by TEB. This is closely related to the decrease in protein accumulation in white rice and the stress response of rice plants. The increase in pantothenic acid content in white rice indicated that the glycolysis pathway of white rice plants was affected, and the consumption of starch and sucrose increased, leading to the inhibition of amylose accumulation in white rice. The increase in soluble sugar content and decrease in phosphocholine content in white rice suggested that rice plants were affected by TEB exposure, which produced similar effects under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocong Li
- Jiangsu University, School of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Lixiao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and the Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Jiangsu University, School of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Xu Y, Yang J, Li W, Song S, Shi Y, Wu L, Sun J, Hou M, Wang J, Jia X, Zhang H, Huang M, Lu T, Gan J, Feng Y. Three enigmatic BioH isoenzymes are programmed in the early stage of mycobacterial biotin synthesis, an attractive anti-TB drug target. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010615. [PMID: 35816546 PMCID: PMC9302846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases of global concern, and one quarter of the world’s population are TB carriers. Biotin metabolism appears to be an attractive anti-TB drug target. However, the first-stage of mycobacterial biotin synthesis is fragmentarily understood. Here we report that three evolutionarily-distinct BioH isoenzymes (BioH1 to BioH3) are programmed in biotin synthesis of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Expression of an individual bioH isoform is sufficient to allow the growth of an Escherichia coli ΔbioH mutant on the non-permissive condition lacking biotin. The enzymatic activity in vitro combined with biotin bioassay in vivo reveals that BioH2 and BioH3 are capable of removing methyl moiety from pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester to give pimeloyl-ACP, a cognate precursor for biotin synthesis. In particular, we determine the crystal structure of dimeric BioH3 at 2.27Å, featuring a unique lid domain. Apart from its catalytic triad, we also dissect the substrate recognition of BioH3 by pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester. The removal of triple bioH isoforms (ΔbioH1/2/3) renders M. smegmatis biotin auxotrophic. Along with the newly-identified Tam/BioC, the discovery of three unusual BioH isoforms defines an atypical ‘BioC-BioH(3)’ paradigm for the first-stage of mycobacterial biotin synthesis. This study solves a long-standing puzzle in mycobacterial nutritional immunity, providing an alternative anti-TB drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Xu
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuaijie Song
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihan Wu
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingdu Sun
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Hou
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinzi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources & Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Man Huang
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Gan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JG); (YF)
| | - Youjun Feng
- Departments of Microbiology, and General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JG); (YF)
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Abstract
In the history of modern nutritional science, understanding antioxidants is one of the major topics. In many cases, food-derived antioxidants have π conjugate or thiol group in their molecular structures because π conjugate stabilizes radical by its delocalization and two thiol groups form a disulfide bond in its antioxidative process. In recent years, antioxidant peptides have received much attention because for their ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, chelation of transition metal ions, as well as their additional nutritional value. Among them, dipeptides are attracting much interest as post-amino acids, which have residues in common with amino acids, but also have different physiological properties and functions from those of amino acids. Especially, dipeptides containing moieties of several amino acid (tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, and methionine) possess potent antioxidant activity. This review summarizes previous details of structural property, radical scavenging activity, and biological activity of antioxidant dipeptide. Hopefully, this review will help provide a new insight into the study of the biological functions of antioxidant dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ozawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | | | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
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Erbach J, Bonn F, Diesner M, Arnold A, Stein J, Schröder O, Aksan A. Relevance of Biotin Deficiency in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Utility of Serum 3 Hydroxyisovaleryl Carnitine as a Practical Everyday Marker. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041118. [PMID: 35207391 PMCID: PMC8877558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, has demonstrable anti-inflammatory properties. A biotin-deficient diet induced a colitis-like phenotype in mice, alleviable by biotin substitution. Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis showed biotin deficiency and diminished levels of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, a protein involved in biotin absorption. Biotin substitution induced remission by reducing activation of NF-κB, a transcription factor involved in intestinal permeability and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated for the first time a possible clinical role of biotin status in IBD. Methods: In a comparative, retrospective, cross-sectional study, serum samples of 138 patients with IBD (67 female; 72 Crohn’s disease (CD), 66 ulcerative colitis (UC)) aged 18–65 years and with a mean age (±SD) of 42.5 ± 14.3 years as well as 80 healthy blood donors (40 female; 40.0 ± 10.0 years; range 20–60 years) were analyzed. Inflammation was defined as hsCRP ≥5 mg/L, and to determine biotin status, serum 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine (3HIVc) levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 138 patients with IBD (67f; 72CD/66 UC; 42.5 ± 14.3 years) were enrolled: 83/138 had inflammation. Mean serum 3HIVc levels were significantly higher in IBD patients but unaffected by inflammation. Biotin deficiency (95th percentile of controls: >30 nmol/L 3HIVc) was significantly more common in IBD patients versus controls. Conclusion: High serum 3HIVc levels and biotin deficiency were associated with IBD but not inflammatory activity or disease type. Our findings suggest biotin may play a role as cause or effect in IBD pathogenesis. Routine assessment and supplementation of biotin may ameliorate IBD and support intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Erbach
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Florian Bonn
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Max Diesner
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Anne Arnold
- Immundiagnostik AG, 64625 Bensheim, Germany; (F.B.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Jürgen Stein
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Schröder
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- DGD Kliniken Sachsenhausen, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ayşegül Aksan
- Interdisciplinary Crohn Colitis Center Rhein-Main, 60594 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.E.); (O.S.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Hrubša M, Siatka T, Nejmanová I, Vopršalová M, Kujovská Krčmová L, Matoušová K, Javorská L, Macáková K, Mercolini L, Remião F, Máťuš M, Mladěnka P; on behalf of the OEMONOM. Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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11
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Liu X, Wan W, Li M, Shi J, Xu J, Zhou Z, Wang A, Miao S. Dietary Niacin Requirement of Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Aquac Nutr 2022; 2022:8348000. [PMID: 37197095 PMCID: PMC10185414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8348000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary niacin on the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, body composition, and antioxidant capacity were investigated in the present study to determine the optimum requirement of niacin for juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. All 360 crabs (initial average weight 1.14 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 20 crabs in each replicate. Crabs were fed with the control diet (0.89 mg/kg) or niacin-supplemented diets (170.54 mg/kg, 347.05 mg/kg, 587.59 mg/kg, 784.85 mg/kg, and 1248.86 mg/kg) for 12 weeks (named as G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6, respectively). The results showed that appropriate dietary niacin (above 347.05 mg/kg) significantly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) (p < 0.05), but did not affect the survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), daily feeding rate (DFR), and molting frequency (MF) of crabs (p > 0.05). The niacin content in the hepatopancreas of crabs in G1 and G2 was significantly lower than that of the other four groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary niacin significantly affected the intestinal histomorphology of crabs, including the number of folds (NF), height of folds (HF), height of microvillus (HMV), and thickness of muscularis (TM) (p < 0.05). Additionally, moderate dietary niacin levels significantly affected the nonspecific immune responses of crabs, by improving the activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p < 0.05). Based on the broken-line model analysis of SGR against dietary niacin level, the dietary niacin requirement of juvenile crabs was suggested to be 419.4 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenlong Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengge Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Anran Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuyan Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
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SANTOS JÚNIOR VD, NIZOLI É, GALVAN D, GOMES RJ, BIZ G, RESSUTTE JB, ROCHA TDS, SPINOSA WA. Micronutrient requirements and effects on cellular growth of acetic acid bacteria involved in vinegar production. Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang H, Yang G, Li H, Wang L, Fu T, Li G, Gao T. Effects of dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid on apparent digestibility and serum metabolome alterations of sheep in summer. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:505. [PMID: 34622337 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on the nutrition metabolism of sheep (36.72 ± 1.44 kg) in the summer, twenty-one sheep were randomly assigned to three treatments addressing LA supplementation: 0.00 (CTL), 600 (LA-L), and 900 (LA-H) mg/kg of dry matter (DM) per day for each sheep. Whole feces and urine collection methods were used to analyze apparent digestibility; ELISA kits to determine the hormones, antioxidant, and immune parameters in the blood; and serum metabolomics to detect and analyze small molecular substances. The results showed the DM intakes in the LA-L and LA-H groups were significantly increased by 8.22% and 8.02%, respectively, compared to that in the CTL group, and there was no significant effect on average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, nitrogen digestibility, calcium digestibility, and phosphorus digestibility. Regarding hormones, antioxidant, and immune indicators, the concentrations of triiodothyronine, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, HSP70, and IgA significantly increased after LA supplementation, while adrenaline and malondialdehyde levels significantly decreased. With the pairwise comparison of the three groups, metabolomics analysis identified 22 differential metabolites in the positive/negative modes, respectively, which suggested LA supplementation can significantly affect sheep's lipid, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. Additionally, 3-indolepropionic acid, cinnamoylglycine, butyric acid, dodecanedioic acid, indoxyl sulfate, and pantothenic acid were the common differential metabolites with higher concentrations after LA supplementation. In summary, dietary supplementation of LA can increase the sheep's DMI, energy digestibility, antioxidant capacity, and immunity. These changes provide evidence to support the use of LA supplementation for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiqing Yang
- Modern Experimental Techniques and Managing Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, NO. 15, Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang T, Ding H, Chen L, Lin Y, Gong Y, Pan Z, Zhang G, Xie K, Dai G, Wang J. Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis of Microbiota Promotes Chicken Lipogenesis by Altering Metabolomics in the Cecum. Metabolites 2021; 11:487. [PMID: 34436428 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanism of lipogenesis and fat deposition is essential for controlling excessive fat deposition in chicken. Studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating host lipogenesis and lipid metabolism. However, the function of gut microbiota in the lipogenesis of chicken and their relevant mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, the gut microbiota of chicken was depleted by oral antibiotics. Changes in cecal microbiota and metabolomics were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS (UHPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The correlation between antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites and lipogenesis were analysed. We found that oral antibiotics significantly promoted the lipogenesis of chicken. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that oral antibiotics significantly reduced the diversity and richness and caused dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of Proteobacteria was increased considerably while the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were significantly decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of genera Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella were significantly increased while the abundances of 12 genera were significantly decreased, including Bacteroides. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota significantly altered cecal metabolomics and caused declines in abundance of 799 metabolites and increases in abundance of 945 metabolites. Microbiota-metabolite network revealed significant correlations between 4 differential phyla and 244 differential metabolites as well as 15 differential genera and 304 differential metabolites. Three metabolites of l-glutamic acid, pantothenate acid and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid were identified as potential metabolites that link gut microbiota and lipogenesis in chicken. In conclusion, our results showed that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes lipogenesis of chicken by altering relevant metabolomics. The efforts in this study laid a basis for further study of the mechanisms that gut microbiota regulates lipogenesis and fat deposition of chicken.
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Fu Y, Wang M, Zhao LX, Zhang SQ, Liu YX, Guo YY, Zhang D, Gao S, Ye F. Design, synthesis, herbicidal activity and CoMFA of aryl-formyl piperidinone HPPD inhibitors. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 174:104811. [PMID: 33838713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoxazole, nicotinic acid and benzoic acid are important components in many natural products and useful synthons to build macrostructures having valuable biological activities. In continuation of our effort to discover 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27) inhibitors and search for active fragments from natural products, a series of substituted aryl-formyl piperidinone derivatives with natural product fragments was rationally designed, synthesized and tested for their herbicidal activity. Compound I-9 was considered the most effective candidate with an IC50 value of 0.260 μM. The molecular docking results showed that the triketone group of compound I-9 forms a bidentate complex with a metal ion, and the benzene ring interacted with Phe424 and Phe381 via π-π stacking, which was similar to the mechanisms of mesotrione. The present work indicates that compound I-9 may serve as a potential lead compound for further development of green HPPD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yong-Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - You-Yuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Liu W, Li S, Wu YK, Yan X, Zhu YM, Jiang FY, Jiang Y, Zou LH, Wang TT. Metabolic profiling of rats poisoned with paraquat and treated with Xuebijing using a UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS metabolomics approach. Anal Methods 2020; 12:4562-4571. [PMID: 33001064 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00968g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Xuebijing (XBJ) is a compound Chinese medicine that contains Paeoniae Radix Rubra, ChuanXiong Rhizoma, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma, Carthami Flos, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. It is widely used in China to treat sepsis. Previous studies have demonstrated that XBJ can decrease mortality in patients with moderate paraquat poisoning. However, the mechanism by which it exerts this effect is not completely clear. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to perform a metabolic profiling analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA), random forest (RF), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to identify metabolites to clarify the mechanism of XBJ's activity. XBJ clearly alleviated lung injury in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Seven metabolites related to four pathways, including those involved in sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, and pantothenic acid and CoA biosynthesis, were present at different levels in PQ-poisoned rats treated with XBJ compared with untreated rats. XBJ can ameliorate the effects of PQ poisoning in SD rats. Using a metabolomics approach enabled us to gain new insight into the mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, China.
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Carrera-Juliá S, Moreno ML, Barrios C, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Drehmer E. Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32116773 PMCID: PMC7016185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Doctoral Degree’s School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
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Moretti R, Peinkhofer C. B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5797. [PMID: 31752183 PMCID: PMC6888477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been written on vitamin supplementation, fatty acid, and dementia, but results are still under debate, and no definite conclusion has yet been drawn. Nevertheless, a significant amount of lab evidence confirms that vitamins of the B group are tightly related to gene control for endothelium protection, act as antioxidants, play a co-enzymatic role in the most critical biochemical reactions inside the brain, and cooperate with many other elements, such as choline, for the synthesis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine, through S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) methyl donation. B-vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties and act in protective roles against neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, through modulation of the glutamate currents and a reduction of the calcium currents. In addition, they also have extraordinary antioxidant properties. However, laboratory data are far from clinical practice. Many studies have tried to apply these results in everyday clinical activity, but results have been discouraging and far from a possible resolution of the associated mysteries, like those represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) or small vessel disease dementia. Above all, two significant problems emerge from the research: No consensus exists on general diagnostic criteria-MCI or AD? Which diagnostic criteria should be applied for small vessel disease-related dementia? In addition, no general schema exists for determining a possible correct time of implementation to have effective results. Here we present an up-to-date review of the literature on such topics, shedding some light on the possible interaction of vitamins and phosphatidylcholine, and their role in brain metabolism and catabolism. Further studies should take into account all of these questions, with well-designed and world-homogeneous trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Farkas E, Baur JA, Ungvari Z. Role of endothelial NAD + deficiency in age-related vascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1253-H1266. [PMID: 30875255 PMCID: PMC6620681 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations in endothelium and the resulting vascular dysfunction critically contribute to a range of pathological conditions associated with old age. To develop therapies rationally that improve vascular health and thereby increase health span and life span in older adults, it will be essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to vascular aging. Preclinical studies in model organisms demonstrate that NAD+ availability decreases with age in multiple tissues and that supplemental NAD+ precursors can ameliorate many age-related cellular impairments. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of NAD+-dependent pathways [including the NAD+-using silent information regulator-2-like enzymes and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzymes] and the potential consequences of endothelial NAD+ deficiency in vascular aging. The multifaceted vasoprotective effects of treatments that reverse the age-related decline in cellular NAD+ levels, as well as their potential limitations, are discussed. The preventive and therapeutic potential of NAD+ intermediates as effective, clinically relevant interventions in older adults at risk for ischemic heart disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and other common geriatric conditions and diseases that involve vascular pathologies (e.g., sarcopenia, frailty) are critically discussed. We propose that NAD+ precursors [e.g., nicotinamide (Nam) riboside, Nam mononucleotide, niacin] should be considered as critical components of combination therapies to slow the vascular aging process and increase cardiovascular health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Krieger N, Davey Smith G. The tale wagged by the DAG: broadening the scope of causal inference and explanation for epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 45:1787-1808. [PMID: 27694566 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
'Causal inference', in 21st century epidemiology, has notably come to stand for a specific approach, one focused primarily on counterfactual and potential outcome reasoning and using particular representations, such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and Bayesian causal nets. In this essay, we suggest that in epidemiology no one causal approach should drive the questions asked or delimit what counts as useful evidence. Robust causal inference instead comprises a complex narrative, created by scientists appraising, from diverse perspectives, different strands of evidence produced by myriad methods. DAGs can of course be useful, but should not alone wag the causal tale. To make our case, we first address key conceptual issues, after which we offer several concrete examples illustrating how the newly favoured methods, despite their strengths, can also: (i) limit who and what may be deemed a 'cause', thereby narrowing the scope of the field; and (ii) lead to erroneous causal inference, especially if key biological and social assumptions about parameters are poorly conceived, thereby potentially causing harm. As an alternative, we propose that the field of epidemiology consider judicious use of the broad and flexible framework of 'inference to the best explanation', an approach perhaps best developed by Peter Lipton, a philosopher of science who frequently employed epidemiologically relevant examples. This stance requires not only that we be open to being pluralists about both causation and evidence but also that we rise to the challenge of forging explanations that, in Lipton's words, aspire to 'scope, precision, mechanism, unification and simplicity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Krieger
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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Dong HL, Zhang SX, Tao H, Chen ZH, Li X, Qiu JF, Cui WZ, Sima YH, Cui WZ, Xu SQ. Metabolomics differences between silkworms (Bombyx mori) reared on fresh mulberry (Morus) leaves or artificial diets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10972. [PMID: 28887546 PMCID: PMC5591246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworms (Bombyx mori) reared on artificial diets have great potential applications in sericulture. However, the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of metabolic utilization by altering silkworm nutrition are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the poor development and low silk protein synthesis efficiency of silkworms fed artificial diets. After multi-generational selection of the ingestive behavior of silkworms to artificial diets, we obtained two strains, one of which developed well and another in which almost all its larvae starved to death on the artificial diets. Subsequently, we analyzed the metabolomics of larval hemolymph by gas chromatography/liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the results showed that vitamins were in critically short supply, whereas the nitrogen metabolic end product of urea and uric acid were enriched substantially, in the hemolymph of the silkworms reared on the artificial diets. Meanwhile, amino acid metabolic disorders, as well as downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism, co-occurred. Furthermore, 10 male-dominant metabolites and 27 diet-related metabolites that differed between male and female silkworms were identified. These findings provide important insights into the regulation of silkworm metabolism and silk protein synthesis when silkworms adapt to an artificial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Dong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Hui Tao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Chen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Qiu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Cui
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang-Hu Sima
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Cui
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology & Ecology (IABE), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk (NEAER), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Chambers JD, Anderson JE, Salem MN, Bügel SG, Fenech M, Mason JB, Weber P, West KP, Wilde P, Eggersdorfer M, Booth SL. The Decline in Vitamin Research Funding: A Missed Opportunity? Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e000430. [PMID: 29955714 PMCID: PMC5998363 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The National Nutrition Research Roadmap has called for support of greater collaborative, interdisciplinary research for multiple areas of nutrition research. However, a substantial reduction in federal funding makes responding to these calls challenging. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to examine temporal trends in research funding and to discuss the potential consequences of these trends. Methods: We searched the NIH RePORTER database to identify NIH research grants and USASpending to identify National Science Foundation and USDA research grants awarded from 1992 to 2015. We focused on those that pertained to vitamin research. For the years 2000 to 2015, we examined funding trends for different vitamins, including vitamins A, B (one-carbon B-vitamins were considered separately from other B-vitamins), C, D, E, and K. Results: From 1992 to 2015, total federal research spending increased from ∼$14 to $45 billion (2016 US dollars). Although vitamin research spending increased from ∼$89 to $95 million, the proportion of grants awarded for vitamin research declined by more than two-thirds, from 0.65% in 1992 to 0.2% in 2015. Federal agencies awarded 6035 vitamin research grants over the time period, with vitamin A associated with the most research projects per year on average (n = 115) and vitamin K the fewest (n = 8). Vitamin D research projects were associated with the greatest average yearly project value ($34.8 million). Conclusions: Vitamin research has faced a disproportionate decline in research funding from 1992 to 2015. Insufficient federal research funding streams risk stalling progress in vitamin research and leaving important advancements unrealized.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Chambers
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan E Anderson
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark N Salem
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Susanne G Bügel
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity, Sydney, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel B Mason
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Weber
- Department of Nutrition, University Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith P West
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parke Wilde
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah L Booth
- Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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24
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Abstract
Approximately 70 years ago, the first topical dexpanthenol-containing formulation (Bepanthen™ Ointment) has been developed. Nowadays, various topical dexpanthenol preparations exist, tailored according to individual requirements. Topical dexpanthenol has emerged as frequently used formulation in the field of dermatology and skin care. Various studies confirmed dexpanthenol's moisturizing and skin barrier enhancing potential. It prevents skin irritation, stimulates skin regeneration and promotes wound healing. Two main directions in the use of topical dexpanthenol-containing formulations have therefore been pursued: as skin moisturizer/skin barrier restorer and as facilitator of wound healing. This 70th anniversary paper reviews studies with topical dexpanthenol in skin conditions where it is most frequently used. Although discovered decades ago, the exact mechanisms of action of dexpanthenol have not been fully elucidated yet. With the adoption of new technologies, new light has been shed on dexpanthenol's mode of action at the molecular level. It appears that dexpanthenol increases the mobility of stratum corneum molecular components which are important for barrier function and modulates the expression of genes important for wound healing. This review will update readers on recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehrhardt Proksch
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | | | - Sonja Trapp
- b Bayer Consumer Care AG , Basel , Switzerland
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25
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Hagiwara SI, Kubota M, Nambu R, Kagimoto S. Screening of carnitine and biotin deficiencies on tandem mass spectrometry. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:458-461. [PMID: 27634667 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to assess pediatric patients for nutritional deficiency when they are receiving specific interventions, such as enteral feeding. We focused on measurement of C0 and 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which is performed as part of the newborn mass screening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of MS/MS for screening carnitine and biotin deficiencies. METHODS Forty-two children (24 boys, 18 girls) were enrolled between December 2013 and December 2015. Blood tests, including measurement of serum free carnitine via the enzyme cycling method, and acylcarnitine analysis on MS/MS of dried blood spot (DBS), were performed for the evaluation of nutrition status. RESULTS Median patient age was 2 years (range, 2 months-14 years). Mean serum free carnitine was 41.8 ± 19.2 μmol/L. In six of the 42 patients, serum free carnitine was <20 μmol/L (range, 4.0-18.7 μmol/L). C0 and C5-OH measured on MS/MS of DBS were 33.8 ± 20.2 nmol/mL and 0.48 ± 0.22 nmol/mL, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) between serum free carnitine and C0 measured on the same day. In one patient on hydrolyzed formula, C5-OH was >1.00 nmol/L. Therapy-resistant eczema was improved by treatment with additional biotin and a non-hydrolyzed formula. CONCLUSION C0 and C5-OH, measured on MS/MS of DBS, were useful for screening carnitine and biotin deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hagiwara
- Division of General Pediatrics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kubota
- Department of General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nambu
- Division of General Pediatrics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kagimoto
- Division of General Pediatrics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Pedroza-Tobías A, Hernández-Barrera L, López-Olmedo N, García-Guerra A, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Ramírez-Silva I, Villalpando S, Carriquiry A, Rivera JA. Usual Vitamin Intakes by Mexican Populations. J Nutr 2016; 146:1866S-73S. [PMID: 27511936 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past several years, the consumption of high-energy, nutrient-poor foods has increased globally. Dietary intake data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012 provide information to assess the quality of the Mexican diet and to guide food and nutrition policy. OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe the usual intake and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins for the overall Mexican population and by subgroups defined by sex, age, region, urban or rural areas, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS ENSANUT 2012 is a cross-sectional probabilistic survey representative of the Mexican population. Dietary information was collected by using the 24-h recall automated multiple-pass method (n = 10,096) with a repeated measurement on a subsample (n = 889) to permit adjustment for intraindividual variability with the use of the Iowa State University method. Mean usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamins A, D, E, C, B-6, and B-12 were calculated for children aged 1-4 y (CH1-4y), children aged 5-11 y (CH5-11y), adolescents aged 12-19 y, and adults aged ≥20 y. RESULTS In all of the age groups, prevalences of inadequate intakes of vitamins D and E were the highest (77-99% of adults and adolescents and 53-95% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y) and those of folate and vitamin A were intermediate (47-70% of adults and adolescents, 15-23% of CH5-11y and 8-13% of CH1-4y), whereas those of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamins B-6, B-12, and C were the lowest (0-37% of adults, 1-27% of adolescents, and 0-2.4% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y). With few exceptions, the highest prevalences of inadequate intakes for vitamins were observed in the poorest populations (rural South region and the lowest tertile of SES). CONCLUSIONS The intake of vitamins among Mexicans is inadequate overall. Information collected by ENSANUT can help target food assistance programs and develop strategies to prevent vitamin deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pedroza-Tobías
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Lucía Hernández-Barrera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Armando García-Guerra
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Silva
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | - Salvador Villalpando
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
| | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and
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27
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Wang B, Zhang X, Yue B, Ge W, Zhang M, Ma C, Kong M. Effects of pantothenic acid on growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant function of Wulong geese aged one to four weeks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:312-317. [PMID: 29767019 PMCID: PMC5941049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of pantothenic acid on the growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant function of one-to four-week-old Wulong geese and determine the appropriate supplemental level of pantothenic acid. A total of 360 one-day-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 geese (5 males and 5 females) per replicate. The geese in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed a basal diet, and the geese in groups Ⅱ to Ⅵ (experimental groups) were given the basal diet supplemented with 8, 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg pantothenic acid, respectively. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Based on the results of unrelated comparative analysis, the body weight was the highest when the dietary pantothenic acid level was 27.57 mg/kg. When the dietary pantothenic acid level was 26.17 mg/kg, the average daily gain peaked. When the dietary pantothenic acid level was 15.50 mg/kg, the feed:gain ratio was the lowest. The percentage of abdominal fat in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The content of total cholesterol in serum in groups Ⅲ to Ⅴ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The triglyceride content in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01). The high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol content in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of serum and liver in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content in the liver in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity in the serum in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver in groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01). The addition of pantothenic acid in the diet of one-to four-week-old Wulong geese significantly affected the growth performance, slaughter performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant function of the geese. In terms of economic benefits, the optimal supplemental level of pantothenic acid in one-to four-week-old geese was 15.50 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Wang
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Bin Yue
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenhua Ge
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mingai Zhang
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chuanxing Ma
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Min Kong
- Institute of High Quality Waterfowl, Qingdao Agricultural University, Nutrition and Feed Laboratory of China Agriculture Research System, Qingdao 266109, China
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28
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Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It serves both as a critical coenzyme for enzymes that fuel reduction-oxidation reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another, and as a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD(+) concentrations change during aging, and modulation of NAD(+) usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD(+) and discuss how supplementation with NAD(+) precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institutes, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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29
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Xu C, Cai Y, Fan P, Bai B, Chen J, Deng HB, Che CM, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Calorie Restriction Prevents Metabolic Aging Caused by Abnormal SIRT1 Function in Adipose Tissues. Diabetes 2015; 64:1576-90. [PMID: 25475438 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a pivotal organ determining longevity, due largely to its role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent protein deacetylase possessing antiaging activities in a wide range of organisms. The current study demonstrates that mice with adipose tissue-selective overexpression of hSIRT1(H363Y), a dominant-negative mutant that disrupts endogenous SIRT1 activity, show accelerated development of metabolic aging. These mice, referred to as Adipo-H363Y, exhibit hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, ectopic lipid deposition, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance at a much younger age than their wild-type littermates. The metabolic defects of Adipo-H363Y are associated with abnormal epigenetic modifications and chromatin remodeling in their adipose tissues, as a result of excess accumulation of biotin, which inhibits endogenous SIRT1 activity, leading to increased inflammation, cellularity, and collagen deposition. The enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 plays an important role in biotin accumulation within adipose tissues of Adipo-H363Y. Calorie restriction prevents biotin accumulation, abolishes abnormal histone biotinylation, and completely restores the metabolic and adipose functions of Adipo-H363Y. The effects are mimicked by short-term restriction of biotin intake, an approach potentially translatable to humans for maintaining the epigenetic and chromatin remodeling capacity of adipose tissues and preventing aging-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han-Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Center, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Abstract
Today, obesity is considered an epidemic all over the world and it is recognized as one of the major public health problems. Bariatric surgery is considered an appropriate therapeutic option for obesity with progressively increasing demands. The changes resulting from massive weight loss after bariatric surgery are related to numerous complications. This article will present the dermatological alterations that can be found after bariatric surgery. They will be subdivided into dermatoses that are secondary to metabolic and nutritional disorders, those derived from cutaneous structural modifications after major weight loss and the influence the latter may have in improving of certain dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magda Blessmann Weber
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto
Alegre (UFCSPA) – Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
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31
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Abstract
Ageing is the most significant risk factor for a range of prevalent diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Accordingly, interventions are needed for delaying or preventing disorders associated with the ageing process, i.e., promotion of healthy ageing. Calorie restriction is the only nongenetic and the most robust approach to slow the process of ageing in evolutionarily divergent species, ranging from yeasts, worms, and flies to mammals. Although it has been known for more than 80 years that calorie restriction increases lifespan, a mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. Yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), the founding member of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases, and its mammalian homologue Sir2-like protein 1 (SIRT1), have been suggested to promote survival and longevity of organisms. SIRT1 exerts protective effects against a number of age-associated disorders. Caloric restriction increases both Sir2 and SIRT1 activity. This review focuses on the mechanistic insights between caloric restriction and Sir2/SIRT1 activation. A number of molecular links, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, biotin, and related metabolites, are suggested to be the most important conduits mediating caloric restriction-induced Sir2/SIRT1 activation and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institutes, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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33
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Lietzan AD, St. Maurice M. Functionally diverse biotin-dependent enzymes with oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 544:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Kraemer K, Semba RD, Eggersdorfer M, Schaumberg DA. Introduction: the diverse and essential biological functions of vitamins. Ann Nutr Metab 2012. [PMID: 23183287 DOI: 10.1159/000343103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland. klaus.kraemer @ sightandlife.org
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