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Traczyk G, Hromada-Judycka A, Świątkowska A, Wiśniewska J, Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Diacylglycerol kinase-ε is S-palmitoylated on cysteine in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal transmembrane fragment. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100480. [PMID: 38008259 PMCID: PMC10759177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) catalyzes phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid with a unique specificity toward 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, which is a backbone of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Owing to this specificity, DGKε is involved in the PI cycle maintaining the cellular level of phosphorylated PI derivatives of signaling activity and was also found crucial for lipid metabolism. DGKε dysfunction is linked with the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and possibly other human diseases. Despite the DGKε significance, data on its regulation by cotranslational and/or post-translational modifications are scarce. Here, we report that DGKε is S-palmitoylated at Cys38/40 (mouse/human DGKε) located in the cytoplasmic end of its N-terminal putative transmembrane fragment. The S-palmitoylation of DGKε was revealed by metabolic labeling of cells with a palmitic acid analogue followed by click chemistry and with acyl-biotin and acyl-polyethylene glycol exchange assays. The S-acyltransferases zDHHC7 (zinc finger DHHC domain containing) and zDHHC17 and the zDHHC6/16 tandem were found to catalyze DGKε S-palmitoylation, which also increased the DGKε abundance. Mouse DGKε-Myc ectopically expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells localized to the endoplasmic reticulum where zDHHC6/16 reside and in small amounts also to the Golgi apparatus where zDHHC7 and zDHHC17 are present. The Cys38Ala substitution upregulated, whereas hyperpalmitoylation of wild-type DGKε reduced the kinase activity, indicating an inhibitory effect of the Cys38 S-palmitoylation. In addition, the substitution of neighboring Pro31 with Ala also diminished the activity of DGKε. Taken together, our data indicate that S-palmitoylation can fine-tune DGKε activity in distinct cellular compartments, possibly by affecting the distance between the kinase and its substrate in a membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Traczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Świątkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Wiśniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Martin-Salgado M, Ochoa-Echeverría A, Mérida I. Diacylglycerol kinases: A look into the future of immunotherapy. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100999. [PMID: 37949728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer still represents the second leading cause of death right after cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer provoked around 10 million deaths in 2020, with lung and colon tumors accounting for the deadliest forms of cancer. As tumor cells become resistant to traditional therapeutic approaches, immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for tumor control. T lymphocytes are key players in immune responses against tumors. Immunosurveillance allows identification, targeting and later killing of cancerous cells. Nevertheless, tumors evolve through different strategies to evade the immune response and spread in a process called metastasis. The ineffectiveness of traditional strategies to control tumor growth and expansion has led to novel approaches considering modulation of T cell activation and effector functions. Program death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) showed promising results in the early 90s and nowadays are still being exploited together with other drugs for several cancer types. Other negative regulators of T cell activation are diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) into phosphatidic acid (PA). In T cells, DGKα and DGKζ limit the PLCγ/Ras/ERK axis thus attenuating DAG mediated signaling and T cell effector functions. Upregulation of either of both isoforms results in impaired Ras activation and anergy induction, whereas germline knockdown mice showed enhanced antitumor properties and more effective immune responses against pathogens. Here we review the mechanisms used by DGKs to ameliorate T cell activation and how inhibition could be used to reinvigorate T cell functions in cancer context. A better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved upon T cell activation will help to improve current therapies with DAG promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Salgado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain
| | - Ane Ochoa-Echeverría
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology. National Centre for Biotechnology. Spanish Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Spain.
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3
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Wichroski M, Benci J, Liu SQ, Chupak L, Fang J, Cao C, Wang C, Onorato J, Qiu H, Shan Y, Banas D, Powles R, Locke G, Witt A, Stromko C, Qi H, Zheng X, Martin S, Ding M, Gentles R, Meanwell N, Velaparthi U, Olson R, Wee S, Tenney D, Parker CG, Cravatt BF, Lawrence M, Borzilleri R, Lees E. DGKα/ζ inhibitors combine with PD-1 checkpoint therapy to promote T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh1892. [PMID: 37878674 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. Although PD-1 blockade is effective in a subset of patients with cancer, many fail to respond because of either primary or acquired resistance. Thus, next-generation strategies are needed to expand the depth and breadth of clinical responses. Toward this end, we designed a human primary T cell phenotypic high-throughput screening strategy to identify small molecules with distinct and complementary mechanisms of action to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Through these efforts, we selected and optimized a chemical series that showed robust potentiation of T cell activation and combinatorial activity with αPD-1 blockade. Target identification was facilitated by chemical proteomic profiling with a lipid-based photoaffinity probe, which displayed enhanced binding to diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) in the presence of the active compound, a phenomenon that correlated with the translocation of DGKα to the plasma membrane. We further found that optimized leads within this chemical series were potent and selective inhibitors of both DGKα and DGKζ, lipid kinases that constitute an intracellular T cell checkpoint that blunts T cell signaling through diacylglycerol metabolism. We show that dual DGKα/ζ inhibition amplified suboptimal T cell receptor signaling mediated by low-affinity antigen presentation and low major histocompatibility complex class I expression on tumor cells, both hallmarks of resistance to PD-1 blockade. In addition, DGKα/ζ inhibitors combined with αPD-1 therapy to elicit robust tumor regression in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Together, these findings support targeting DGKα/ζ as a next-generation T cell immune checkpoint strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wichroski
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joseph Benci
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Louis Chupak
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Carolyn Cao
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Cindy Wang
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Joelle Onorato
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Hongchen Qiu
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yongli Shan
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dana Banas
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Ryan Powles
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gregory Locke
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Abigail Witt
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Caitlyn Stromko
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Huilin Qi
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zheng
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott Martin
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Min Ding
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Robert Gentles
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas Meanwell
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Upender Velaparthi
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Richard Olson
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Susan Wee
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Daniel Tenney
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | | | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Lawrence
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Robert Borzilleri
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Emma Lees
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Sun D, Yu H, Li Q. Starvation-induced changes in sex ratio involve alterations in sex-related gene expression and methylation in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 267:110863. [PMID: 37164224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals are subject to varying degrees of starvation stress in their natural habitats due to food limitations. Consequently, starvation is a crucial environmental factor for sex determination in many species; however, limited research has been conducted on the effects of starvation on sex determination in shellfish. Here, four full sibling families of Pacific oysters were established and subjected to starvation stress. The results demonstrated that starvation caused the sex ratio (female to male) to change from 1:0.78 to 1:1.44 and resulted in a delay in gonadal development. Further studies revealed that the expression levels of DNA methylation-related genes Dnmt1 (DNA methyltransferase 1), Dnmt3a/b (DNA methyltransferase 3a/b) and Tet3 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3) decreased under starvation stress. Conversely, the upregulation of Dmrt1 (doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1), a gene typically associated with males, in females suggests that the increased proportion of males may be linked to starvation-induced high expression of this particular gene. In addition, the gene Dgkd (diacylglycerol kinase delta), which is involved in the regulation of second messenger protein kinase C, was differentially methylated between males and females, with the methylation level of this gene gradually increasing with male development, while the methylation level of this gene decreased under starvation stress. Correlation analysis of Dgkd methylation levels with expression levels showed a negative correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression. Finally dual fluorescence reporter experiments confirmed that DNA methylation suppressed Dgkd expression in vitro. In summary, the results suggest that starvation may regulate Dgkd gene expression through DNA methylation and thus affect Dmrt1 expression, thereby causing sex reversal in the Pacific oyster. The outcomes resolved how environmental factors are involved in sex reversal from an epigenetic perspective and provided a theoretical basis for sex control breeding in the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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5
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Yamazaki A, Kawashima A, Honda T, Kohama T, Murakami C, Sakane F, Murayama T, Nakamura H. Identification and characterization of diacylglycerol kinase ζ as a novel enzyme producing ceramide-1-phosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159307. [PMID: 36906254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) is a sphingolipid formed by the phosphorylation of ceramide; it regulates various physiological functions, including cell survival, proliferation, and inflammatory responses. In mammals, ceramide kinase (CerK) is the only C1P-producing enzyme currently known. However, it has been suggested that C1P is also produced by a CerK-independent pathway, although the identity of this CerK-independent C1P was unknown. Here, we identified human diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) ζ as a novel C1P-producing enzyme and demonstrated that DGKζ catalyzes the phosphorylation of ceramide to produce C1P. Analysis using fluorescently labeled ceramide (NBD-ceramide) demonstrated that only DGKζ among ten kinds of DGK isoforms increased C1P production by transient overexpression of the DGK isoforms. Furthermore, an enzyme activity assay using purified DGKζ revealed that DGKζ could directly phosphorylate ceramide to produce C1P. Furthermore, genetic deletion of DGKζ decreased the formation of NBD-C1P and the levels of endogenous C18:1/24:1- and C18:1/26:0-C1P. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous C18:1/26:0-C1P were not decreased by the knockout of CerK in the cells. These results suggest that DGKζ is also involved in the formation of C1P under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ayane Kawashima
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kohama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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6
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Zheng ZG, Xu YY, Liu WP, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Liu HL, Zhang XY, Liu RZ, Zhang YP, Shi MY, Yang H, Li P. Discovery of a potent allosteric activator of DGKQ that ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance via the sn-1,2-DAG-PKCε signaling axis. Cell Metab 2023; 35:101-117.e11. [PMID: 36525963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (sn-1,2-DAG)-mediated activation of protein kinase Cε (PKCε) is a key pathway that is responsible for obesity-related lipid metabolism disorders, which induces hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. No small molecules have been previously reported to ameliorate these diseases through this pathway. Here, we screened and identified the phytochemical atractylenolide II (AT II) that reduces the hepatic sn-1,2-DAG levels, deactivates PKCε activity, and improves obesity-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, using the ABPP strategy, the diacylglycerol kinase family member DGKQ was identified as a direct target of AT II. AT II may act on a novel drug-binding pocket in the CRD and PH domains of DGKQ to thereby allosterically regulate its kinase activity. Moreover, AT II also increases weight loss by activating DGKQ-AMPK-PGC1α-UCP-1 signaling in adipose tissue. These findings suggest that AT II is a promising lead compound to improve obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Guo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yin-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wen-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Han-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Run-Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Meng-Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Traczyk G, Świątkowska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Janikiewicz J, Kwiatkowska K. An intact zinc finger motif of the C1B domain is critical for stability and activity of diacylglycerol kinase-ε. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106295. [PMID: 36113832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase-ε (DGKε) phosphorylates DAG to phosphatidic acid with unique specificity toward 18:0/20:4 DAG (SAG). SAG is a typical backbone of phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives, therefore DGKε activity is crucial for the turnover of these signaling lipids. Malfunction of DGKε contributes to several pathophysiological conditions, including atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) linked with DGKE mutations. In the present study we analyzed the role of a zinc finger motif of the C1B domain of DGKε, as some aHUS-linked mutations affect this ill-defined part of the kinase. For this, we introduce a novel fluorescent assay for determination of DGKε activity which relies on the use of NBD-SAG in mixed micelles as a substrate, followed by TLC separation of NBD-phosphatidic acid formed. The assay reliably determines the activity of purified human GST-DGKε, also endogenous DGKε or overexpressed mouse DGKε-Myc in cell lysates, homogenates, and kinase immunoprecipitates. Using the above assay we found that four amino acids, Cys135, Cys138, His161 and Cys164, forming the zinc finger motif in the C1B domain are required for the DGKε-Myc activity and stability. Substitution of any of these amino acids with Ala or Trp in DGKε-Myc abolished its activity and led to its proteasomal degradation, possibly assisted by Hsp70/90/40 chaperones. Inhibition of the 26S proteasome prevented the degradation but the mutated proteins were inactive. The present data on the deleterious effect of the zinc finger motif disruption contribute to the understanding of the DGKε-linked aHUS, as the Cys164Trp substitution in mouse DGKε corresponds to the Cys167Trp one in human DGKε found in some aHUS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Traczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Świątkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Kim YJ, Sengupta N, Sohn M, Mandal A, Pemberton JG, Choi U, Balla T. Metabolic routing maintains the unique fatty acid composition of phosphoinositides. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54532. [PMID: 35712788 PMCID: PMC9253762 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide lipids (PPIn) are enriched in stearic- and arachidonic acids (38:4) but how this enrichment is established and maintained during phospholipase C (PLC) activation is unknown. Here we show that the metabolic fate of newly synthesized phosphatidic acid (PA), the lipid precursor of phosphatidylinositol (PI), is influenced by the fatty acyl-CoA used with preferential routing of the arachidonoyl-enriched species toward PI synthesis. Furthermore, during agonist stimulation the unsaturated forms of PI(4,5P)2 are replenished significantly faster than the more saturated ones, suggesting a favored recycling of the unsaturated forms of the PLC-generated hydrolytic products. Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase 2 (CDS2) but not CDS1 was found to contribute to increased PI resynthesis during PLC activation. Lastly, while the lipid transfer protein, Nir2 is found to contribute to rapid PPIn resynthesis during PLC activation, the faster re-synthesis of the 38:4 species does not depend on Nir2. Therefore, the fatty acid side-chain composition of the lipid precursors used for PI synthesis is an important determinant of their metabolic fates, which also contributes to the maintenance of the unique fatty acid profile of PPIn lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nivedita Sengupta
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mira Sohn
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amrita Mandal
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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New Insights into the Neuromyogenic Spectrum of a Gain of Function Mutation in SPTLC1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050893. [PMID: 35627278 PMCID: PMC9140917 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1) encodes a serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Pathological SPTLC1 variants cause a form of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN1A), and have recently been linked to unrestrained sphingoid base synthesis, causing a monogenic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It was postulated that the phenotypes associated with dominant variants in SPTLC1 may represent a continuum between neuropathy and ALS in some cases, complicated by additional symptoms such as cognitive impairment. A biochemical explanation for this clinical observation does not exist. By performing proteomic profiling on immortalized lymphoblastoid cells derived from one patient harbouring an alanine to serine amino acid substitution at position 20, we identified a subset of dysregulated proteins playing significant roles in neuronal homeostasis and might have a potential impact on the manifestation of symptoms. Notably, the identified p.(A20S)-SPTLC1 variant is associated with decrease of transcript and protein level. Moreover, we describe associated muscle pathology findings, including signs of mild inflammation accompanied by dysregulation of respective markers on both the protein and transcript levels. By performing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, presence of protein and lipid aggregates could be excluded.
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10
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Kaneko YK, Sawatani T, Ishikawa T. Involvement of Diacylglycerol Kinase on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells during Type 2 Diabetes. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:457-463. [PMID: 35491149 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression of lipid metabolism in β-cells has been indicated to be one of the causes of impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an important lipid mediator and is known to regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Intracellular DAG accumulation is involved in β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; thus, the regulation of intracellular DAG levels is likely important for maintaining the β-cell function. We focused on diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), which strictly regulate intracellular DAG levels, and analyzed the function of type I DGKs (DGKα, γ), which are activated by intracellular Ca2+ and expressed in the cytoplasm, in β-cells. The suppression of the DGKα and γ expression decreased the insulin secretory response, and the decreased expression of DGKα and γ was observed in islets of diabetic model mice. In the pancreatic β-cell line MIN6, 1 μM R59949 (a type I DGK inhibitor) and 10 μM DiC8 (a cell permeable DAG analog) enhanced glucose-induced [Ca2+]i oscillation in a PKC-dependent manner, while 10 μM R59949 and 100 μM DiC8 suppressed [Ca2+]i oscillation and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity in a PKC-independent manner. These results suggest that the intracellular accumulation of DAG by the loss of the DGKα and γ functions regulates insulin secretion in a dual manner depending on the degree of DAG accumulation. The regulation of the insulin secretory response through DAG metabolism by type I DGKs may change depending on the degree of progression of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko K. Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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11
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DNA methylation differences between male and female gonads of the oyster reveal the role of epigenetics in sex determination. Gene 2022; 820:146260. [PMID: 35121028 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation involved in sex determination mechanism by regulating gene expression related to sex determination networks are common in vertebrates. However, the mechanism linking epigenetics in invertebrates and sex determination has remained elusive. Here, methylome of the male and female gonads in the oyster Crassostrea gigas were conducted to explore the role of epigenetics in invertebrate sex determination. Comparative analysis of gonadal DNA methylation of females and males revealed that male gonads displayed a higher level of DNA methylation and a greater number of hypermethylated genes. Luxury genes presented hypomethylation, while housekeeping genes got hypermethylation. Genes in the conserved signaling pathways, rather than the key master genes in the sex determination pathway, were the major targets of substantial DNA methylation modification. The negative correlation of expression and promoter methylation in the diacylglycerol kinase delta gene (Dgkd) - a ubiquitously expressed gene - indicated DNA methylation may fine turn the expression of Dgkd and be involved in the process of sex determination. Dgkd can be used as an epigenetic marker to distinguish male C. gigas based on the different methylation regions in the promoter region. The results suggest that DNA methylation mechanisms played potential functional impacts in the sex determination in oysters, which is helpful to deepen the understanding of sex determination in invertebrate.
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12
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Sakane F, Hoshino F, Ebina M, Sakai H, Takahashi D. The Roles of Diacylglycerol Kinase α in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205190. [PMID: 34680338 PMCID: PMC8534027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). DGKα is highly expressed in several refractory cancer cells, including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioblastoma cells, attenuates apoptosis, and promotes proliferation. In cancer cells, PA produced by DGKα plays an important role in proliferation/antiapoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, DGKα is highly abundant in T cells and induces a nonresponsive state (anergy), representing the main mechanism by which advanced cancers avoid immune action. In T cells, DGKα induces anergy through DG consumption. Therefore, a DGKα-specific inhibitor is expected to be a dual effective anticancer treatment that inhibits cancer cell proliferation and simultaneously activates T cell function. Moreover, the inhibition of DGKα synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Taken together, DGKα inhibition provides a promising new treatment strategy for refractory cancers. Abstract Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). The α isozyme is activated by Ca2+ through its EF-hand motifs and tyrosine phosphorylation. DGKα is highly expressed in several refractory cancer cells including melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioblastoma cells. In melanoma cells, DGKα is an antiapoptotic factor that activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) ζ-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB. DGKα acts as an enhancer of proliferative activity through the Raf–MEK–ERK pathway and consequently exacerbates hepatocellular carcinoma progression. In glioblastoma and melanoma cells, DGKα attenuates apoptosis by enhancing the phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4A1–mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. As PA activates PKCζ, Raf, and PDE, it is likely that PA generated by DGKα plays an important role in the proliferation/antiapoptosis of cancer cells. In addition to cancer cells, DGKα is highly abundant in T cells and induces a nonresponsive state (anergy), which represents the main mechanism by which advanced cancers escape immune action. In T cells, DGKα attenuates the activity of Ras-guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein, which is activated by DG and avoids anergy through DG consumption. Therefore, a DGKα-specific inhibitor is expected to be a dual effective anticancer treatment that inhibits cancer cell proliferation and simultaneously enhances T cell functions. Moreover, the inhibition of DGKα synergistically enhances the anticancer effects of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 blockade. Taken together, DGKα inhibition provides a promising new treatment strategy for refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-43-290-3695
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Masayuki Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; (F.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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13
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Diacylglycerol Kinase alpha in X Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115816. [PMID: 34072296 PMCID: PMC8198409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases are intracellular enzymes that control the balance between the secondary messengers diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. DGKα and DGKζ are the prominent isoforms that restrain the intensity of T cell receptor signalling by metabolizing PLCγ generated diacylglycerol. Thus, their activity must be tightly controlled to grant cellular homeostasis and refine immune responses. DGKα is specifically inhibited by strong T cell activating signals to allow for full diacylglycerol signalling which mediates T cell response. In X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1, deficiency of the adaptor protein SAP results in altered T cell receptor signalling, due in part to persistent DGKα activity. This activity constrains diacylglycerol levels, attenuating downstream pathways such as PKCθ and Ras/MAPK and decreasing T cell restimulation induced cell death. This is a form of apoptosis triggered by prolonged T cell activation that is indeed defective in CD8+ cells of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 patients. Accordingly, inhibition or downregulation of DGKα activity restores in vitro a correct diacylglycerol dependent signal transduction, cytokines production and restimulation induced apoptosis. In animal disease models, DGKα inhibitors limit CD8+ expansion and immune-mediated tissue damage, suggesting the possibility of using inhibitors of diacylglycerol kinase as a new therapeutic approach.
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14
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Islam R, Pupovac A, Evtimov V, Boyd N, Shu R, Boyd R, Trounson A. Enhancing a Natural Killer: Modification of NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051058. [PMID: 33946954 PMCID: PMC8146003 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent innate immune system effector lymphocytes armed with multiple mechanisms for killing cancer cells. Given the dynamic roles of NK cells in tumor surveillance, they are fast becoming a next-generation tool for adoptive immunotherapy. Many strategies are being employed to increase their number and improve their ability to overcome cancer resistance and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These include the use of cytokines and synthetic compounds to bolster propagation and killing capacity, targeting immune-function checkpoints, addition of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to provide cancer specificity and genetic ablation of inhibitory molecules. The next generation of NK cell products will ideally be readily available as an “off-the-shelf” product and stem cell derived to enable potentially unlimited supply. However, several considerations regarding NK cell source, genetic modification and scale up first need addressing. Understanding NK cell biology and interaction within specific tumor contexts will help identify necessary NK cell modifications and relevant choice of NK cell source. Further enhancement of manufacturing processes will allow for off-the-shelf NK cell immunotherapies to become key components of multifaceted therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Islam
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Aleta Pupovac
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Vera Evtimov
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Nicholas Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Runzhe Shu
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Richard Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Alan Trounson
- Cartherics Pty Ltd., Clayton 3168, Australia; (R.I.); (A.P.); (V.E.); (N.B.); (R.S.); (R.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Ishizaki A, Murakami C, Yamada H, Sakane F. Diacylglycerol Kinase η Activity in Cells Using Protein Myristoylation and Cellular Phosphatidic Acid Sensor. Lipids 2021; 56:449-458. [PMID: 33624314 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) phosphorylates diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) and regulates the balance between two lipid second messengers: diacylglycerol and PtdOH. Several lines of evidence suggest that the η isozyme of DGK is involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms regulating the pathophysiological functions remain unclear. One reason is that it is difficult to detect the cellular activity of DGKη. To overcome this difficulty, we utilized protein myristoylation and a cellular PtdOH sensor, the N-terminal region of α-synuclein (α-Syn-N). Although DGKη expressed in COS-7 cells was broadly distributed in the cytoplasm, myristoylated (Myr)-AcGFP-DGKη and Myr-AcGFP-DGKη-KD (inactive (kinase-dead) mutant) were substantially localized in the plasma membrane. Moreover, DsRed monomer-α-Syn-N significantly colocalized with Myr-AcGFP-DGKη but not Myr-AcGFP-DGKη-KD at the plasma membrane. When COS-7 cells were osmotically shocked, all DGKη constructs were exclusively translocated to osmotic shock-responsive granules (OSRG). DsRed monomer-α-Syn-N markedly colocalized with only Myr-AcGFP-DGKη at OSRG and exhibited a higher signal/background ratio (3.4) than Myr-AcGFP-DGKη at the plasma membrane in unstimulated COS-7 cells (2.5), indicating that α-Syn-N more effectively detects Myr-AcGFP-DGKη activity in OSRG. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the combination of myristoylation and the PtdOH sensor effectively detects DGKη activity in cells and that this method is convenient to examine the molecular functions of DGKη. Moreover, this method will be useful for the development of drugs targeting DGKη. Furthermore, the combination of myristoylation (intensive accumulation in membranes) and α-Syn-N can be applicable to assays for various cytosolic PtdOH-generating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Ishizaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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16
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Fu L, Li S, Xiao W, Yu K, Li S, Yuan S, Shen J, Dong X, Fang Z, Zhang J, Chen S, Li W, You H, Xia X, Kang T, Tan J, Chen G, Yang AK, Gao Y, Zhou P. DGKA Mediates Resistance to PD-1 Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:371-385. [PMID: 33608256 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunologic checkpoint blockade has been proven effective in a variety of malignancies. However, high rates of resistance have substantially hindered its clinical use. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may lead to new strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy. Although a number of signaling pathways have been shown to be associated with tumor cell-mediated resistance to immunotherapy, T cell-intrinsic resistant mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that diacylglycerol kinase alpha (Dgka) mediated T-cell dysfunction during anti-PD-1 therapy by exacerbating the exhaustion of reinvigorated tumor-specific T cells. Pharmacologic ablation of Dgka postponed T-cell exhaustion and delayed development of resistance to PD-1 blockade. Dgka inhibition also enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. We further found that the expression of DGKA in cancer cells promoted tumor growth via the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that DGKA might be a target in tumor cells as well. Together, these findings unveiled a molecular pathway mediating resistance to PD-1 blockade and provide a potential therapeutic strategy with combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- Hospital (TCM) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - WeiWei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xingjun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Kui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - YuanHong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Potential role of diacylglycerol kinases in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1637-1658. [PMID: 32608491 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism promoting exacerbated immune responses in allergy and autoimmunity as well as those blunting the immune control of cancer cells are of primary interest in medicine. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key modulators of signal transduction, which blunt diacylglycerol (DAG) signals and produce phosphatidic acid (PA). By modulating lipid second messengers, DGK modulate the activity of downstream signaling proteins, vesicle trafficking and membrane shape. The biological role of the DGK α and ζ isoforms in immune cells differentiation and effector function was subjected to in deep investigations. DGK α and ζ resulted in negatively regulating synergistic way basal and receptor induced DAG signals in T cells as well as leukocytes. In this way, they contributed to keep under control the immune response but also downmodulate immune response against tumors. Alteration in DGKα activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of genetic perturbations of the immune function such as the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 and localized juvenile periodontitis. These findings suggested a participation of DGK to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several immune-mediated diseases and prompted several researches aiming to target DGK with pharmacologic and molecular strategies. Those findings are discussed inhere together with experimental applications in tumors as well as in other immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
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18
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Takao S, Akiyama R, Sakane F. Combined inhibition/silencing of diacylglycerol kinase α and ζ simultaneously and synergistically enhances interleukin-2 production in T cells and induces cell death of melanoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:494-506. [PMID: 33399248 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The α-isozyme of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) enhances cancer cell proliferation and, conversely, it promotes the nonresponsive immune state known as T-cell anergy. Moreover, a DGKα-selective inhibitor, CU-3, induced cell death in cancer-derived cells and simultaneously enhanced T-cell interleukin-2 production. In addition to DGKα, DGKζ is also known to induce T-cell anergy. In the present study, we examined whether combined inhibition/silencing of DGKα and DGKζ synergistically enhanced T-cell activity. Combined treatment with CU-3 or DGKα-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and DGKζ-siRNA more potently enhanced T-cell receptor-crosslink-dependent interleukin-2 production in Jurkat T cells than treatment with either alone. Intriguingly, in addition to activating T cells, dual inhibition/silencing of DGKα and DGKζ synergistically reduced viability and increased caspase 3/7 activity in AKI melanoma cells. Taken together, these results indicate that combined inhibition/silencing of DGKα and DGKζ simultaneously and synergistically enhances interleukin-2 production in T cells and induces cell death in melanoma. Therefore, dual inhibition/silencing of these DGK isozymes represents an ideal therapy that potently attenuates cancer cell proliferation and simultaneously enhances immune responses that impact anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Takao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rino Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Beyond Lipid Signaling: Pleiotropic Effects of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Cellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186861. [PMID: 32962151 PMCID: PMC7554708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diacylglycerol kinase family, which can attenuate diacylglycerol signaling and activate phosphatidic acid signaling, regulates various signaling transductions in the mammalian cells. Studies on the regulation of diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid levels by various enzymes, the identification and characterization of various diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid-regulated proteins, and the overlap of different diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid metabolic and signaling processes have revealed the complex and non-redundant roles of diacylglycerol kinases in regulating multiple biochemical and biological networks. In this review article, we summarized recent progress in the complex and non-redundant roles of diacylglycerol kinases, which is expected to aid in restoring dysregulated biochemical and biological networks in various pathological conditions at the bed side.
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20
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Kambayashi T, Deshpande DA. The role of diacylglycerol kinases in allergic airway disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 51:50-58. [PMID: 32836013 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an obstructive inflammatory airway disease. Airway obstruction is mediated by hyperresponsive airway smooth muscle cell contraction, which is induced and compounded by inflammation caused by T lymphocytes. One important signal transduction pathway that is involved in the activation of these cell types involves the generation of a lipid second messenger known as diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG levels are controlled in cells by a negative regulator known as DAG kinase (DGK). In this review, we discuss how the DAG signaling pathway attenuates the pathological function of immune cells and airway smooth muscle cells in allergic airway disease and asthma. Furthermore, we discuss how the enhancement of the DAG signaling pathway through the inhibition of DGK may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Lipid Mediators Regulate Pulmonary Fibrosis: Potential Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124257. [PMID: 32549377 PMCID: PMC7352853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by distorted distal lung architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of IPF are incompletely defined. Several lung cell types including alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells have been implicated in the development and progression of fibrosis. Regardless of the cell types involved, changes in gene expression, disrupted glycolysis, and mitochondrial oxidation, dysregulated protein folding, and altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism result in activation of myofibroblast, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, remodeling of lung architecture and fibrosis. Lipid mediators derived from phospholipids, sphingolipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and have been described to exhibit pro- and anti-fibrotic effects in IPF and in preclinical animal models of lung fibrosis. This review describes the current understanding of the role and signaling pathways of prostanoids, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes in the development of lung fibrosis. Further, several of the lipid mediators and enzymes involved in their metabolism are therapeutic targets for drug development to treat IPF.
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22
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Lingelem ABD, Kavaliauskiene S, Halsne R, Klokk TI, Surma MA, Klose C, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Diacylglycerol kinase and phospholipase D inhibitors alter the cellular lipidome and endosomal sorting towards the Golgi apparatus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:985-1009. [PMID: 32447426 PMCID: PMC7897626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The membrane lipids diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are important second messengers that can regulate membrane transport by recruiting proteins to the membrane and by altering biophysical membrane properties. DAG and PA are involved in the transport from the Golgi apparatus to endosomes, and we have here investigated whether changes in these lipids might be important for regulation of transport to the Golgi using the protein toxin ricin. Modulation of DAG and PA levels using DAG kinase (DGK) and phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitors gave a strong increase in retrograde ricin transport, but had little impact on ricin recycling or degradation. Inhibitor treatment strongly affected the endosome morphology, increasing endosomal tubulation and size. Furthermore, ricin was present in these tubular structures together with proteins known to regulate retrograde transport. Using siRNA to knock down different isoforms of PLD and DGK, we found that several isoforms of PLD and DGK are involved in regulating ricin transport to the Golgi. Finally, by performing lipidomic analysis we found that the DGK inhibitor gave a weak, but expected, increase in DAG levels, while the PLD inhibitor gave a strong and unexpected increase in DAG levels, showing that it is important to perform lipidomic analysis when using inhibitors of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Berit Dyve Lingelem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Forensic Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Kavaliauskiene
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Halsne
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Forensic Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Irene Klokk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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23
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Palmitic acid- and/or palmitoleic acid-containing phosphatidic acids are generated by diacylglycerol kinase α in starved Jurkat T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:1054-1060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Liu L, Yudin Y, Rohacs T. Diacylglycerol kinases regulate TRPV1 channel activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8174-8185. [PMID: 32345612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is activated by heat and by capsaicin, the pungent compound in chili peppers. Calcium influx through TRPV1 has been shown to activate a calcium-sensitive phospholipase C (PLC) enzyme and to lead to a robust decrease in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] levels, which is a major contributor to channel desensitization. Diacylglycerol (DAG), the product of the PLC-catalyzed PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, activates protein kinase C (PKC). PKC is known to potentiate TRPV1 activity during activation of G protein-coupled receptors, but it is not known whether DAG modulates TRPV1 during desensitization. We found here that inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) enzymes reduces desensitization of native TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as of recombinant TRPV1 expressed in HEK293 cells. The effect of DAGK inhibition was eliminated by mutating two PKC-targeted phosphorylation sites, Ser-502 and Ser-800, indicating involvement of PKC. TRPV1 activation induced only a small and transient increase in DAG levels, unlike the robust and more sustained increase induced by muscarinic receptor activation. DAGK inhibition substantially increased the DAG signal evoked by TRPV1 activation but not that evoked by M1 muscarinic receptor activation. Our results show that Ca2+ influx through TRPV1 activates PLC and DAGK enzymes and that the latter limits formation of DAG and negatively regulates TRPV1 channel activity. Our findings uncover a role of DAGK in ion channel regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yevgen Yudin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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25
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Diacylglycerol kinase δ destabilizes serotonin transporter protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Murakami C, Hoshino F, Sakai H, Hayashi Y, Yamashita A, Sakane F. Diacylglycerol kinase δ and sphingomyelin synthase-related protein functionally interact via their sterile α motif domains. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2932-2947. [PMID: 31980461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ isozyme of diacylglycerol kinase (DGKδ) plays critical roles in lipid signaling by converting diacylglycerol (DG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). We previously demonstrated that DGKδ preferably phosphorylates palmitic acid (16:0)- and/or palmitoleic acid (16:1)-containing DG molecular species, but not arachidonic acid (20:4)-containing DG species, which are recognized as DGK substrates derived from phosphatidylinositol turnover, in high glucose-stimulated myoblasts. However, little is known about the origin of these DG molecular species. DGKδ and two DG-generating enzymes, sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) 1 and SMS-related protein (SMSr), contain a sterile α motif domain (SAMD). In this study, we found that SMSr-SAMD, but not SMS1-SAMD, co-immunoprecipitates with DGKδ-SAMD. Full-length DGKδ co-precipitated with full-length SMSr more strongly than with SMS1. However, SAMD-deleted variants of SMSr and DGKδ interacted only weakly with full-length DGKδ and SMSr, respectively. These results strongly suggested that DGKδ interacts with SMSr through their respective SAMDs. To determine the functional outcomes of the relationship between DGKδ and SMSr, we used LC-MS/MS to investigate whether overexpression of DGKδ and/or SMSr in COS-7 cells alters the levels of PA species. We found that SMSr overexpression significantly enhances the production of 16:0- or 16:1-containing PA species such as 14:0/16:0-, 16:0/16:0-, 16:0/18:1-, and/or 16:1/18:1-PA in DGKδ-overexpressing COS-7 cells. Moreover, SMSr enhanced DGKδ activity via their SAMDs in vitro Taken together, these results strongly suggest that SMSr is a candidate DG-providing enzyme upstream of DGKδ and that the two enzymes represent a new pathway independent of phosphatidylinositol turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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27
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Velnati S, Massarotti A, Antona A, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Galetto AS, Capello D, Bertoni A, Mercalli V, Graziani A, Tron GC, Baldanzi G. Structure activity relationship studies on Amb639752: toward the identification of a common pharmacophoric structure for DGKα inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:96-108. [PMID: 31690133 PMCID: PMC6844378 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1684911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues of Amb639752, a novel diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) inhibitor recently discovered by us via virtual screening, have been tested. The compounds were evaluated as DGK inhibitors on α, θ, and ζ isoforms, and as antagonists on serotonin receptors. From these assays emerged two novel compounds, namely 11 and 20, which with an IC50 respectively of 1.6 and 1.8 µM are the most potent inhibitors of DGKα discovered to date. Both compounds demonstrated the ability to restore apoptosis in a cellular model of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease as well as the capacity to reduce the migration of cancer cells, suggesting their potential utility in preventing metastasis. Finally, relying on experimental biological data, molecular modelling studies allow us to set a three-point pharmacophore model for DGK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Velnati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annamaria Antona
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvia Galetto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Palliative Care Division, A.S.L., Vercelli, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bertoni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, CAAD, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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28
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Arranz-Nicolás J, Mérida I. Biological regulation of diacylglycerol kinases in normal and neoplastic tissues: New opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100663. [PMID: 31706704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the recent years, the arsenal of anti-cancer therapies has evolved to target T lymphocytes and restore their capacity to destroy tumor cells. However, the clinical success is limited, with a large number of patients that never responds and others that ultimately develop resistances. Overcoming the hypofunctional state imposed by solid tumors to T cells has revealed critical but challenging due to the complex strategies that tumors employ to evade the immune system. The Diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) limit DAG-dependent functions in T lymphocytes and their upregulation in tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes contribute to limit T cell cytotoxic potential. DGK blockade could reinstate T cell attack on tumors, limiting at the same time tumor cell growth, thanks to the DGK positive input into several oncogenic pathways. In this review we summarize the latest findings regarding the regulation of specific DGK isoforms in healthy and anergic T lymphocytes, as well as their contribution to oncogenic phenotypes. We will also revise the latest advances in the search for pharmacological inhibitors and their potential as anti-cancer agents, either alone or in combination with immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Nicolás
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Yamada H, Mizuno S, Honda S, Takahashi D, Sakane F. Characterization of α-synuclein N-terminal domain as a novel cellular phosphatidic acid sensor. FEBS J 2019; 287:2212-2234. [PMID: 31722116 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the localization and dynamics of the intracellular bioactive lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is important for understanding diverse biological phenomena. Although several PA sensors have been developed, better ones are still needed for comprehensive PA detection in cells. We recently found that α-synuclein (α-Syn) selectively and strongly bound to PA in vitro. Here, we revealed that the N-terminal region of α-Syn (α-Syn-N) specifically bound to PA, with a dissociation constant of 6.6 μm. α-Syn-N colocalized with PA-producing enzymes, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) β at the plasma membrane (PM), myristoylated DGKζ at the Golgi apparatus, phorbol ester-stimulated DGKγ at the PM, and phospholipase D2 at the PM and Golgi but not with the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-producing enzyme in COS-7 cells. However, α-Syn-N failed to colocalize with them in the presence of their inhibitors and/or their inactive mutants. These results indicate that α-Syn-N specifically binds to cellular PA and can be applied as an excellent PA sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Shotaro Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Japan
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30
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Honda S, Murakami C, Yamada H, Murakami Y, Ishizaki A, Sakane F. Analytical Method for Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Activity in Cells Using Protein Myristoylation and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2019; 54:763-771. [PMID: 31736090 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Specific inhibitors of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) ζ can be promising anticancer medications via the activation of cancer immunity. Although the detection of cellular activities of target enzymes is essential for drug screening in addition to in vitro assays, it is difficult to detect the activity of DGKζ in cells. In the present study, we generated AcGFP-DGKζ cDNA with a consensus N-myristoylation sequence at the 5' end (Myr-AcGFP-DGKζ) to target DGKζ to membranes. Using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) (LC-MS/MS), we showed that Myr-AcGFP-DGKζ, but not AcGFP-DGKζ without the myristoylation sequence, substantially augmented the levels of several phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) species. In contrast to Myr-AcGFP-DGKζ, its inactive mutant did not exhibit an increase in PtdOH production, indicating that the increase in PtdOH production was DGK activity-dependent. This method will be useful in chemical compound selection for the development of drugs targeting DGKζ and can be applicable to various soluble (nonmembrane bound) lipid-metabolizing enzymes, including other DGK isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ayuka Ishizaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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31
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DGKα in Neutrophil Biology and Its Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225673. [PMID: 31766109 PMCID: PMC6887790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play a key role in phosphoinositide signaling by removing diacylglycerol and generating phosphatidic acid. Besides the well-documented role of DGKα and DGKζ as negative regulators of lymphocyte responses, a robust body of literature points to those enzymes, and specifically DGKα, as crucial regulators of leukocyte function. Upon neutrophil stimulation, DGKα activation is necessary for migration and a productive response. The role of DGKα in neutrophils is evidenced by its aberrant behavior in juvenile periodontitis patients, which express an inactive DGKα transcript. Together with in vitro experiments, this suggests that DGKs may represent potential therapeutic targets for disorders where inflammation, and neutrophils in particular, plays a major role. In this paper we focus on obstructive respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but also rare genetic diseases such as alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Indeed, the biological role of DGKα is understudied outside the T lymphocyte field. The recent wave of research aiming to develop novel and specific inhibitors as well as KO mice will allow a better understanding of DGK's role in neutrophilic inflammation. Better knowledge and pharmacologic tools may also allow DGK to move from the laboratory bench to clinical trials.
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32
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Singh BK, Lu W, Schmidt Paustian AM, Ge MQ, Koziol-White CJ, Flayer CH, Killingbeck SS, Wang N, Dong X, Riese MJ, Deshpande DA, Panettieri RA, Haczku A, Kambayashi T. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ promotes allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness through distinct mechanisms. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/597/eaax3332. [PMID: 31481522 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory airway disease caused by aberrant immune responses to inhaled allergens, which leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to contractile stimuli and airway obstruction. Blocking T helper 2 (TH2) differentiation represents a viable therapeutic strategy for allergic asthma, and strong TCR-mediated ERK activation blocks TH2 differentiation. Here, we report that targeting diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase zeta (DGKζ), a negative regulator of DAG-mediated cell signaling, protected against allergic asthma by simultaneously reducing airway inflammation and AHR though independent mechanisms. Targeted deletion of DGKζ in T cells decreased type 2 inflammation without reducing AHR. In contrast, loss of DGKζ in airway smooth muscle cells decreased AHR but not airway inflammation. T cell-specific enhancement of ERK signaling was only sufficient to limit type 2 airway inflammation, not AHR. Pharmacological inhibition of DGK diminished both airway inflammation and AHR in mice and also reduced bronchoconstriction of human airway samples in vitro. These data suggest that DGK is a previously unrecognized therapeutic target for asthma and reveal that the inflammatory and AHR components of asthma are not as interdependent as generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenal K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda M Schmidt Paustian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moyar Q Ge
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Cameron H Flayer
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sara S Killingbeck
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nadan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Taku Kambayashi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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33
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Massart J, Zierath JR. Role of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Glucose and Energy Homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:603-617. [PMID: 31331711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) catalyze a reaction that converts diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). DAG and PA act as intermediates of de novo lipid synthesis, cellular membrane constituents, and signaling molecules. DGK isoforms regulate a variety of intracellular processes by terminating DAG signaling and activating PA-mediated pathways. The ten DGK isoforms are unique, not only structurally, but also in tissue-specific expression profiles, subcellular localization, regulatory mechanisms, and DAG preferences, suggesting isoform-specific functions. DAG accumulation has been associated with insulin resistance; however, this concept is challenged by opposing roles of DGK isoforms in the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity despite elevated DAG levels. This review focuses on the tissue- and isoform-specific role of DGK in glucose and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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34
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Sawatani T, Kaneko YK, Ishikawa T. Dual effect of reduced type I diacylglycerol kinase activity on insulin secretion from MIN6 β-cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:178-186. [PMID: 31279581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of type I diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) in the regulation of insulin secretion was investigated in MIN6 β-cells. In intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) measurement experiments, 1 μM R59949, a type I DGK inhibitor, and 10 μM DiC8, a diacylglycerol (DAG) analog, amplified 22.2 mM glucose-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner, whereas 10 μM R59949 and 100 μM DiC8 decreased [Ca2+]i independent of PKC. High concentrations of R59949 and DiC8 attenuated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel currents. According to these results, 22.2 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was potentiated by 1 μM R59949 but suppressed by 10 μM of the same. The DGKα inhibitor R59022 showed a similar dual effect. Conversely, DiC8 at 10 and 100 μM potentiated GSIS, although 100 μM DiC8 decreased [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that DAG accumulated through declined type I DGK activity shows a dual effect on insulin secretion depending on the degree of accumulation; a mild DAG accumulation induces a PKC-dependent stimulatory effect on insulin secretion, whereas an excessive DAG accumulation suppresses it in a PKC-independent manner, possibly via attenuation of VDCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sawatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiko K Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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35
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Zhang XF, Ajeti V, Tsai N, Fereydooni A, Burns W, Murrell M, De La Cruz EM, Forscher P. Regulation of axon growth by myosin II-dependent mechanocatalysis of cofilin activity. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2329-2349. [PMID: 31123185 PMCID: PMC6605792 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergism between myosin II contractility and cofilin activity modulates serotonin-dependent axon growth. Normally, cofilin-dependent decreases in actin density are compensated by increases in point contact density and traction force; however, myosin hyperactivation leads to catastrophic decreases in actin network density and neurite retraction. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to increase the rate of growth cone advance via cofilin-dependent increases in retrograde actin network flow and nonmuscle myosin II activity. We report that myosin II activity is regulated by PKC during 5-HT responses and that PKC activity is necessary for increases in traction force normally associated with these growth responses. 5-HT simultaneously induces cofilin-dependent decreases in actin network density and PKC-dependent increases in point contact density. These reciprocal effects facilitate increases in traction force production in domains exhibiting decreased actin network density. Interestingly, when PKC activity was up-regulated, 5-HT treatments resulted in myosin II hyperactivation accompanied by catastrophic cofilin-dependent decreases in actin filament density, sudden decreases in traction force, and neurite retraction. These results reveal a synergistic relationship between cofilin and myosin II that is spatiotemporally regulated in the growth cone via mechanocatalytic effects to modulate neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Nicole Tsai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, CA
| | - Arash Fereydooni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - William Burns
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul Forscher
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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36
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Saito T, Takahashi D, Sakane F. Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Human Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5540-5546. [PMID: 31893253 PMCID: PMC6935893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to generate phosphatidic acid. The dysfunction of DGKζ has been linked to several diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia, and seizures. Moreover, much attention has been paid to DGKζ, together with DGKα, as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. However, DGKζ has never been purified and, thus, neither its enzymatic properties nor its structure has yet been reported, hindering our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of DGKζ and the development of a reasonable structure-based drug design. In the present study, we generated a full-length DGKζ using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system for enzymological and structural studies. Full-length DGKζ remained soluble and was purified to near homogeneity as a monomer with yields suitable for protein crystallization (0.63 mg/1 L culture). Enzymatic characterization showed that the purified DGKζ is in a fully functional state. The K m values for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and DG were 0.05 mM and 1.5 mol %, respectively, and the EC50 for the activator phosphatidylserine was 8.6 mol %, indicating that its affinity for ATP is moderately higher than those of DGKα and DGKε, and its affinities for DG and phosphatidylserine are comparable to those of DGKα/DGKε. We further confirmed that the purified enzyme could be concentrated without any significant aggregation. Circular dichroism revealed that DGKζ is comprised of 25% α-helices and 18% β-strands. This is the first successful purification and characterization of the enzymatic and conformational properties of DGKζ. The purification of DGKζ allows detailed analyses of this important enzyme and will advance our understanding of DGKζ-related diseases and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33
Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- E-mail: . Tel/Fax: +81-43-290-3695
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37
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Phosphatidic acid governs natural egress in Toxoplasma gondii via a guanylate cyclase receptor platform. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:420-428. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Hayashi D, Tsumagari R, Liu K, Ueda S, Yamanoue M, Sakane F, Shirai Y. Screening of subtype-specific activators and inhibitors for diacylglycerol kinase. J Biochem 2019; 165:517-522. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsumagari
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuji Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamanoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Rokkodai-cho 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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Velnati S, Ruffo E, Massarotti A, Talmon M, Varma KSS, Gesu A, Fresu LG, Snow AL, Bertoni A, Capello D, Tron GC, Graziani A, Baldanzi G. Identification of a novel DGKα inhibitor for XLP-1 therapy by virtual screening. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:378-390. [PMID: 30611057 PMCID: PMC6599760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As part of an effort to identify druggable diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) inhibitors, we used an insilico approach based on chemical homology with the two commercially available DGKα inhibitors R59022 and R59949. Ritanserin and compound AMB639752 emerged from the screening of 127 compounds, showing an inhibitory activity superior to the two commercial inhibitors, being furthermore specific for the alpha isoform of diacylglycerol kinase. Interestingly, AMB639752 was also devoid of serotoninergic activity. The ability of both ritanserin and AMB639752, by inhibiting DGKα in intact cells, to restore restimulation induced cell death (RICD) in SAP deficient lymphocytes was also tested. Both compounds restored RICD at concentrations lower than the two previously available inhibitors, indicating their potential use for the treatment of X-Iinked lymphoproliferative disease 1 (XLP-1), a rare genetic disorder in which DGKα activity is deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Velnati
- Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Ruffo
- School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Konduru Sai Sandeep Varma
- Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gesu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Alessandra Bertoni
- Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Yamaki A, Akiyama R, Murakami C, Takao S, Murakami Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi D, Kado S, Taketomi A, Shirai Y, Goto K, Sakane F. Diacylglycerol kinase α-selective inhibitors induce apoptosis and reduce viability of melanoma and several other cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10043-10056. [PMID: 30536880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DG) kinase (DGK), which phosphorylates DG to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), consists of ten isozymes (α-к). Recently, we identified a novel small molecule inhibitor, CU-3, that selectively inhibits the activity of the α isozyme. In addition, we newly obtained Compound A, which selectively and strongly inhibits type I DGKs (α, β, and γ). In the present study, we demonstrated that both CU-3 and Compound A induced apoptosis (caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation) and viability reduction of AKI melanoma cells. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the production of 32:0- and 34:0-PA species was commonly attenuated by CU-3 and Compound A, suggesting that lower levels of these PA molecular species are involved in the apoptosis induction and viability reduction of AKI cells. We determined the effects of the DGKα inhibitors on several other cancer cell lines derived from refractory cancers. In addition to melanoma, the DGKα inhibitors enhanced caspase 3/7 activity and reduced the viability of hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and pancreatic cancer cells, but not breast adenocarcinoma cells. Interestingly, Western blot analysis indicated that the DGKα expression levels were positively correlated with the sensitivity to the DGK inhibitors. Because both CU-3 and Compound A induced interleukin-2 production by T cells, it is believed that these two compounds can enhance cancer immunity. Taken together, our results suggest that DGKα inhibitors are promising anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Yamaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rino Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saki Takao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kado
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Hakuno D, Kimura M, Ito S, Satoh J, Nakashima Y, Horie T, Kuwabara Y, Nishiga M, Ide Y, Baba O, Nishi H, Nakao T, Nishino T, Nakazeki F, Koyama S, Hanada R, Randolph RR, Endo J, Kimura T, Ono K. Hepatokine α1-Microglobulin Signaling Exacerbates Inflammation and Disturbs Fibrotic Repair in Mouse Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16749. [PMID: 30425314 PMCID: PMC6233179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiac rupture and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling causing heart failure are serious complications of acute myocardial infarction (MI). While cardio-hepatic interactions have been recognized, their role in MI remains unknown. We treated cultured cardiomyocytes with conditioned media from various cell types and analyzed the media by mass spectrometry to identify α1-microglobulin (AM) as an Akt-activating hepatokine. In mouse MI model, AM protein transiently distributed in the infarct and border zones during the acute phase, reflecting infiltration of AM-bound macrophages. AM stimulation activated Akt, NFκB, and ERK signaling and enhanced inflammation as well as macrophage migration and polarization, while inhibited fibrogenesis-related mRNA expression in cultured macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. Intramyocardial AM administration exacerbated macrophage infiltration, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 mRNA expression in the infarct and border zones, whereas disturbed fibrotic repair, then provoked acute cardiac rupture in MI. Shotgun proteomics and lipid pull-down analysis found that AM partly binds to phosphatidic acid (PA) for its signaling and function. Furthermore, systemic delivery of a selective inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase α-mediated PA synthesis notably reduced macrophage infiltration, inflammation, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and adverse LV remodeling in MI. Therefore, targeting AM signaling could be a novel pharmacological option to mitigate adverse LV remodeling in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihiko Hakuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junko Satoh
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ruiz R Randolph
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Guo Z, Jia J, Yao M, Kang J, Wang Y, Yan X, Zhang L, Lv Q, Chen X, Lu F. Diacylglycerol kinase γ predicts prognosis and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating glucose transporter 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2018; 373:211-220. [PMID: 30399372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the transformation of diacylglycerol into phosphatidic acid, which have been recognized as key regulators in cell signaling pathways. The role of DGKγ in human malignancies has seldom been studied. In this study, we investigated the role of DGKγ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that DGKγ was down-regulated in HCC tumor tissues and cell lines as compared to that in non-tumor tissues. The prognostic value of DGKγ expression was evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Lower DGKγ expression in tumor tissues was an independent prognostic factor for poor post-surgical overall survival. By using HDACs inhibitors treatment and ChIP-PCR, we discovered that histone H3 and H4 deacetylation mainly contributed to the downregulation of DGKγ expression. Functional studies revealed that ectopic expression of DGKγ inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration in HCC cells. Mechanism studies showed that DGKγ overexpression led to down regulation of GLUT1 protein level and AMPK activity, which result in glucose uptake suppression as well as lactate and ATP production declination. The decrease of GLUT1 level could be partially rescued by treatments with either DGK inhibitor and lysosome inhibitor, indicating DGKγ may down-regulate GLUT1 through its kinase activity and lysosome degradation process. Together, this study demonstrated that DGKγ plays a tumor suppressor role in HCC by negatively regulating GLUT1. DGKγ could be a novel prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Guo
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Junqiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Mingjie Yao
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jingting Kang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Quanjun Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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43
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Takahashi D, Sakane F. Expression and purification of human diacylglycerol kinase α from baculovirus-infected insect cells for structural studies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5449. [PMID: 30128205 PMCID: PMC6089211 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are lipid kinases that modulate the levels of lipid second messengers, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to its α isozyme (DGKα) as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. DGKα consists of the N-terminal regulatory domains including EF-hand motifs and C1 domains, and the C-terminal catalytic domain (DGKα-CD). To date, however, no structures of mammalian DGKs including their CDs have yet been reported, impeding our understanding on the catalytic mechanism of DGKs and the rational structure-based drug design. Here we attempted to produce DGKα-CD or a full-length DGKα using bacterial and baculovirus-insect cell expression system for structural studies. While several DGKα-CD constructs produced using both bacterial and insect cells formed insoluble or soluble aggregates, the full-length DGKα expressed in insect cells remained soluble and was purified to near homogeneity as a monomer with yields (1.3 mg/mL per one L cell culture) feasible for protein crystallization. Following enzymatic characterization showed that the purified DGKα is in fully functional state. We further demonstrated that the purified enzyme could be concentrated without any significant aggregation, and characterized its secondary structure by circular dichroism. Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of N-terminal regulatory domains suppress protein aggregation likely via their intramolecular interactions with DGKα-CD, and demonstrate that the baculovirus-insect cell expression of the full-length form of DGKα, not DGKα-CD alone, represents a promising approach to produce protein sample for structural studies of DGKα. Thus, our study will encourage future efforts to determine the crystal structure of DGK, which has not been determined since it was first identified in 1959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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44
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of DGK Improves Antitumor Activities of Human T Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4692-4703. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Arranz-Nicolás J, Ogando J, Soutar D, Arcos-Pérez R, Meraviglia-Crivelli D, Mañes S, Mérida I, Ávila-Flores A. Diacylglycerol kinase α inactivation is an integral component of the costimulatory pathway that amplifies TCR signals. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:965-980. [PMID: 29572701 PMCID: PMC11028345 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The arsenal of cancer therapies has evolved to target T lymphocytes and restore their capacity to destroy tumor cells. T cells rely on diacylglycerol (DAG) to carry out their functions. DAG availability and signaling are regulated by the enzymes diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) α and ζ, whose excess function drives T cells into hyporesponsive states. Targeting DGKα is a promising strategy for coping with cancer; its blockade could reinstate T-cell attack on tumors while limiting tumor growth, due to positive DGKα functions in several oncogenic pathways. Here, we made a side-by-side comparison of the effects of commercial pharmacological DGK inhibitors on T-cell responses with those promoted by DGKα and DGKζ genetic deletion or silencing. We show the specificity for DGKα of DGK inhibitors I and II and the structurally similar compound ritanserin. Inhibitor treatment promoted Ras/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling and AP-1 (Activator protein-1) transcription, facilitated DGKα membrane localization, reduced the requirement for costimulation, and cooperated with enhanced activation following DGKζ silencing/deletion. DGKiII and ritanserin had similar effects on TCR proximal signaling, but ritanserin counteracted long-term T-cell activation, an effect that was potentiated in DGKα-/- cells. In contrast with enhanced activation triggered by pharmacological inhibition, DGKα silencing/genetic deletion led to impaired Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) activation and limited costimulation responses. Our results demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of DGKα downstream of the TCR provides a gain-of-function effect that amplifies the DAG-dependent signaling cascade, an ability that could be exploited therapeutically to reinvigorate T cells to attack tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Arranz-Nicolás
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ogando
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Denise Soutar
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Arcos-Pérez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Meraviglia-Crivelli
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonia Ávila-Flores
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, UAM Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Franks CE, Campbell ST, Purow BW, Harris TE, Hsu KL. The Ligand Binding Landscape of Diacylglycerol Kinases. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:870-880.e5. [PMID: 28712745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are integral components of signal transduction cascades that regulate cell biology through ATP-dependent phosphorylation of the lipid messenger diacylglycerol. Methods for direct evaluation of DGK activity in native biological systems are lacking and needed to study isoform-specific functions of these multidomain lipid kinases. Here, we utilize ATP acyl phosphate activity-based probes and quantitative mass spectrometry to define, for the first time, ATP and small-molecule binding motifs of representative members from all five DGK subtypes. We use chemical proteomics to discover an unusual binding mode for the DGKα inhibitor, ritanserin, including interactions at the atypical C1 domain distinct from the ATP binding region. Unexpectedly, deconstruction of ritanserin yielded a fragment compound that blocks DGKα activity through a conserved binding mode and enhanced selectivity against the kinome. Collectively, our studies illustrate the power of chemical proteomics to profile protein-small molecule interactions of lipid kinases for fragment-based lead discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Franks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Sean T Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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47
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Topological organisation of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-phospholipase C resynthesis cycle: PITPs bridge the ER-PM gap. Biochem J 2017; 473:4289-4310. [PMID: 27888240 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160514c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a receptor-regulated enzyme that hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane (PM) triggering three biochemical consequences, the generation of soluble inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), membrane-associated diacylglycerol (DG) and the consumption of PM PI(4,5)P2 Each of these three signals triggers multiple molecular processes impacting key cellular properties. The activation of PLC also triggers a sequence of biochemical reactions, collectively referred to as the PI(4,5)P2 cycle that culminates in the resynthesis of this lipid. The biochemical intermediates of this cycle and the enzymes that mediate these reactions are topologically distributed across two membrane compartments, the PM and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the PM, the DG formed during PLC activation is rapidly converted into phosphatidic acid (PA) that needs to be transported to the ER where the machinery for its conversion into PI is localised. Conversely, PI from the ER needs to be rapidly transferred to the PM where it can be phosphorylated by lipid kinases to regenerate PI(4,5)P2 Thus, two lipid transport steps between membrane compartments through the cytosol are required for the replenishment of PI(4,5)P2 at the PM. Here, we review the topological constraints in the PI(4,5)P2 cycle and current understanding how these constraints are overcome during PLC signalling. In particular, we discuss the role of lipid transfer proteins in this process. Recent findings on the biochemical properties of a membrane-associated lipid transfer protein of the PITP family, PITPNM proteins (alternative name RdgBα/Nir proteins) that localise to membrane contact sites are discussed. Studies in both Drosophila and mammalian cells converge to provide a resolution to the conundrum of reciprocal transfer of PA and PI during PLC signalling.
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48
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Poli A, Fiume R, Baldanzi G, Capello D, Ratti S, Gesi M, Manzoli L, Graziani A, Suh PG, Cocco L, Follo MY. Nuclear Localization of Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in K562 Cells Is Involved in Cell Cycle Progression. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2550-2557. [PMID: 27731506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) signaling is an essential regulator of cell motility and proliferation. A portion of PI metabolism and signaling takes place in the nuclear compartment of eukaryotic cells, where an array of kinases and phosphatases localize and modulate PI. Among these, Diacylglycerol Kinases (DGKs) are a class of phosphotransferases that phosphorylate diacylglycerol and induce the synthesis of phosphatidic acid. Nuclear DGKalpha modulates cell cycle progression, and its activity or expression can lead to changes in the phosphorylated status of the Retinoblastoma protein, thus, impairing G1/S transition and, subsequently, inducing cell cycle arrest, which is often uncoupled with apoptosis or autophagy induction. Here we report for the first time not only that the DGKalpha isoform is highly expressed in the nuclei of human erythroleukemia cell line K562, but also that its nuclear activity drives K562 cells through the G1/S transition during cell cycle progression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2550-2557, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Gesi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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49
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Kaneko YK, Ishikawa T. [Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Diacylglycerol Kinases in Pancreatic β-cells]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 136:461-5. [PMID: 26935087 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells is essential for regulating blood glucose levels. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) involves the following steps: Glucose uptake by pancreatic β-cells is metabolized to produce ATP. Increased ATP levels result in the closure of ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channels, resulting in membrane depolarization that activates voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels to subsequently trigger insulin secretion. In addition to this primary mechanism through KATP channels, insulin secretion is regulated by cyclic AMP and diacylglycerol (DAG), which mediate the effects of receptor agonists such as GLP-1 and acetylcholine. Glucose by itself can also increase the levels of these second messengers. Recently, we have shown an obligatory role of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid, in GSIS. Of the 10 known DGK isoforms, we focused on type-I DGK isoforms (i.e., DGKα, DGKβ, and DGKγ), which are activated by Ca(2+). The protein expression of DGKα and DGKγ was detected in mouse pancreatic islets and the pancreatic β-cell line MIN6. Depletion of these DGKs by a specific inhibitor or siRNA decreased both [Ca(2+)]i and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Similar [Ca(2+)]i responses were induced by DiC8, a membrane-permeable DAG analog. These results suggest that DGKα and DGKγ play crucial roles in insulin secretion, and that their depletion impairs insulin secretion through DAG accumulation. In this article, we review the current understanding of the roles of DAG- and DGK-signaling in pancreatic β-cells, and discuss their pathophysiological roles in the progression of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko K Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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50
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Ruffo E, Malacarne V, Larsen SE, Das R, Patrussi L, Wülfing C, Biskup C, Kapnick SM, Verbist K, Tedrick P, Schwartzberg PL, Baldari CT, Rubio I, Nichols KE, Snow AL, Baldanzi G, Graziani A. Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase α restores restimulation-induced cell death and reduces immunopathology in XLP-1. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:321ra7. [PMID: 26764158 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP-1) is an often-fatal primary immunodeficiency associated with the exuberant expansion of activated CD8(+) T cells after Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. XLP-1 is caused by defects in signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)-associated protein (SAP), an adaptor protein that modulates T cell receptor (TCR)-induced signaling. SAP-deficient T cells exhibit impaired TCR restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) and diminished TCR-induced inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα), leading to increased diacylglycerol metabolism and decreased signaling through Ras and PKCθ (protein kinase Cθ). We show that down-regulation of DGKα activity in SAP-deficient T cells restores diacylglycerol signaling at the immune synapse and rescues RICD via induction of the proapoptotic proteins NUR77 and NOR1. Pharmacological inhibition of DGKα prevents the excessive CD8(+) T cell expansion and interferon-γ production that occur in SAP-deficient mice after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection without impairing lytic activity. Collectively, these data highlight DGKα as a viable therapeutic target to reverse the life-threatening EBV-associated immunopathology that occurs in XLP-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ruffo
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Malacarne
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sasha E Larsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Christoph Wülfing
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TH Bristol, UK
| | - Christoph Biskup
- Biomolecular Photonics Group, Jena University Hospital, D 07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Senta M Kapnick
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Verbist
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paige Tedrick
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ignacio Rubio
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kim E Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine and Institute for Research and Cure of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy. School of Medicine, University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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