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Wiggins JM, Santoyo-Brito E, Scales JB, Fox SF. Gene Dose Indicates Presence of Sex Chromosomes in Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris), a Species with Temperature-Influenced Sex Determination. HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jon B. Scales
- Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX 76308, USA
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Kasai F, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA. Squamate Chromosome Size and GC Content Assessed by Flow Karyotyping. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 157:46-52. [PMID: 30904910 DOI: 10.1159/000497265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome homologies in reptiles have been investigated extensively by gene mapping and chromosome painting. Relative chromosome size can be estimated roughly from conventional karyotypes, but chromosome GC content cannot be evaluated by any of these approaches. However, GC content can be obtained by whole-genome sequencing, although complete data are available only for a limited number of reptilian species. Chromosomes can be characterized by size and GC content in bivariate flow karyotypes, in which the distribution of peaks represents the differences. We have analysed flow karyotypes from 9 representative squamate species and show chromosome profiles for each species based on the relationship between size and GC content. Our results reveal that the GC content of macrochromosomes is invariable in the 9 species. A higher GC content was found in microchromosomes, similar to profiles previously determined in crocodile, turtle, and chicken. The findings suggest that karyotype evolution in reptiles is characterized by unique features of chromosome GC content.
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Kichigin IG, Lisachov AP, Giovannotti M, Makunin AI, Kabilov MR, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Graphodatsky AS, Trifonov VA. First report on B chromosome content in a reptilian species: the case of Anolis carolinensis. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:13-21. [PMID: 30146671 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supernumerary elements of the genome are often called B chromosomes. They usually consist of various autosomal sequences and, because of low selective pressure, are mostly pseudogenized and contain many repeats. There are numerous reports on B chromosomes in mammals, fish, invertebrates, plants, and fungi, but only a few of them have been studied using sequencing techniques. However, reptilian supernumerary chromosomes have been detected only cytogenetically and never sequenced or analyzed at the molecular level. One model squamate species with available genome sequence is Anolis carolinensis. The scope of the present article is to describe the genetic content of A. carolinensis supernumerary chromosomes. In this article, we confirm the presence of B chromosomes in this species by reverse painting and synaptonemal complex analysis. We applied low-pass high-throughput sequencing to analyze flow-sorted B chromosomes. Anole B chromosomes exhibit similar traits to other supernumerary chromosomes from different taxons: they contain two genes related to cell division control (INCENP and SPIRE2), are enriched in specific repeats, and show a high degree of pseudogenization. Therefore, the present study confirms that reptilian B chromosomes resemble supernumerary chromosomes of other taxons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Kichigin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Artem P Lisachov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Massimo Giovannotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alex I Makunin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Marsel R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander S Graphodatsky
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Trifonov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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