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Pandey P, Khan F, Choi M, Singh SK, Kang HN, Park MN, Ko SG, Sahu SK, Mazumder R, Kim B. Review deciphering potent therapeutic approaches targeting Notch signaling pathway in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114938. [PMID: 37267635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current period of drug development, natural products have provided an unrivaled supply of anticancer medications. By modifying the cancer microenvironment and various signaling pathways, natural products and their derivatives and analogs play a significant role in cancer treatment. These substances are effective against several signaling pathways, particularly the cell death pathways (apoptosis and autophagy) and embryonic developmental pathways (Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways). Natural products have a long history, but more research is needed to understand their current function in the research and development of cancer treatments and the potential for natural products to serve as a significant source of therapeutic agents in the future. Several target-specific anticancer medications failed to treat cancer, necessitating research into natural compounds with multiple target properties. To help develop a better treatment plan for managing breast cancer, this review has outlined the anticancerous potential of several therapeutic approaches targeting the notch signaling system in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeet Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Han Na Kang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, the Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Neogambogic acid suppresses characteristics and growth of colorectal cancer stem cells by inhibition of DLK1 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Feng J, Zhao D, Lv F, Yuan Z. Epigenetic Inheritance From Normal Origin Cells Can Determine the Aggressive Biology of Tumor-Initiating Cells and Tumor Heterogeneity. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221078160. [PMID: 35213254 PMCID: PMC8891845 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221078160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities during transformation has been recognized as the two fundamental factors that lead to tumorigenesis and determine the aggressive biology of tumor cells. However, there is a regularity that tumors derived from less-differentiated normal origin cells (NOCs) usually have a higher risk of vascular involvement, lymphatic and distant metastasis, which can be observed in both lymphohematopoietic malignancies and somatic cancers. Obviously, the hypothesis of genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities is not sufficient to explain how the linear relationship between the cellular origin and the biological behavior of tumors is formed, because the cell origin of tumor is an independent factor related to tumor biology. In a given system, tumors can originate from multiple cell types, and tumor-initiating cells (TICs) can be mapped to different differentiation hierarchies of normal stem cells, suggesting that the heterogeneity of the origin of TICs is not completely chaotic. TIC’s epigenome includes not only genetic- and epigenetic-abnormalities, but also established epigenetic status of genes inherited from NOCs. In reviewing previous studies, we found much evidence supporting that the status of many tumor-related “epigenetic abnormalities” in TICs is consistent with that of the corresponding NOC of the same differentiation hierarchy, suggesting that they may not be true epigenetic abnormalities. So, we speculate that the established statuses of genes that control NOC’s migration, adhesion and colonization capabilities, cell-cycle quiescence, expression of drug transporters, induction of mesenchymal formation, overexpression of telomerase, and preference for glycolysis can be inherited to TICs through epigenetic memory and be manifested as their aggressive biology. TICs of different origins can maintain different degrees of innate stemness from NOC, which may explain why malignancies with stem cell phenotypes are usually more aggressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Feng
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Medical Imaging Department, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fudong Lv
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Clinical-Pathology Center, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Karagiannakos A, Adamaki M, Tsintarakis A, Vojtesek B, Fåhraeus R, Zoumpourlis V, Karakostis K. Targeting Oncogenic Pathways in the Era of Personalized Oncology: A Systemic Analysis Reveals Highly Mutated Signaling Pathways in Cancer Patients and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030664. [PMID: 35158934 PMCID: PMC8833388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. One of the main hallmarks in cancer is the functional deregulation of crucial molecular pathways via driver genetic events that lead to abnormal gene expression, giving cells a selective growth advantage. Driver events are defined as mutations, fusions and copy number alterations that are causally implicated in oncogenesis. Molecular analysis on tissues that have originated from a wide range of anatomical areas has shown that mutations in different members of several pathways are implicated in different cancer types. In recent decades, significant efforts have been made to incorporate this knowledge into daily medical practice, providing substantial insight towards clinical diagnosis and personalized therapies. However, since there is still a strong need for more effective drug development, a deep understanding of the involved signaling mechanisms and the interconnections between these pathways is highly anticipated. Here, we perform a systemic analysis on cancer patients included in the Pan-Cancer Atlas project, with the aim to select the ten most highly mutated signaling pathways (p53, RTK-RAS, lipids metabolism, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, ubiquitination, b-catenin/Wnt, Notch, cell cycle, homology directed repair (HDR) and splicing) and to provide a detailed description of each pathway, along with the corresponding therapeutic applications currently being developed or applied. The ultimate scope is to review the current knowledge on highly mutated pathways and to address the attractive perspectives arising from ongoing experimental studies for the clinical implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Karagiannakos
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.V.); (R.F.)
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.V.); (R.F.)
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.K.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, F-75010 Paris, France
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.Z.); (K.K.)
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5
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Dempke WCM, Fenchel K. Has programmed cell death ligand-1 MET an accomplice in non-small cell lung cancer?-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2667-2682. [PMID: 34295669 PMCID: PMC8264346 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently approved and highly specific small-molecule inhibitors of c-MET exon 14 skipping mutations (e.g., capmatinib, tepotinib) are a new and important therapeutic option for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring c-MET alterations. Several experimental studies have provided compelling evidence that c-MET is involved in the regulation of the immune response by up-regulating inhibitory molecules (e.g., PD-L1) and down-regulating of immune stimulators (e.g., CD137, CD252, CD70, etc.). In addition, c-MET was found to be implicated in the regulation of the inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME) and thereby contributing to an increased immune escape of tumour cells from T cell killing. Moreover, it is a major resistance mechanism following treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRmut) with tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (TKIs). In line with these findings c-MET alterations have also been shown to be associated with a worse clinical outcome and a poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients. However, the underlying mechanisms for these experimental observations are neither fully evaluated nor conclusive, but clearly multifactorial and most likely tumour-specific. In this regard the clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and TKIs against EGFRmut in NSCLC patients harbouring c-MET alterations is also not yet established, and further research will certainly provide some guidance as to optimally utilise CPIs and c-MET inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram C M Dempke
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Prieto-Colomina A, Fernández V, Chinnappa K, Borrell V. MiRNAs in early brain development and pediatric cancer: At the intersection between healthy and diseased embryonic development. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100073. [PMID: 33998002 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The size and organization of the brain are determined by the activity of progenitor cells early in development. Key mechanisms regulating progenitor cell biology involve miRNAs. These small noncoding RNA molecules bind mRNAs with high specificity, controlling their abundance and expression. The role of miRNAs in brain development has been studied extensively, but their involvement at early stages remained unknown until recently. Here, recent findings showing the important role of miRNAs in the earliest phases of brain development are reviewed, and it is discussed how loss of specific miRNAs leads to pathological conditions, particularly adult and pediatric brain tumors. Let-7 miRNA downregulation and the initiation of embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), a novel link recently discovered by the laboratory, are focused upon. Finally, it is discussed how miRNAs may be used for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of pediatric brain tumors, with the hope of improving the prognosis of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prieto-Colomina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández
- Neurobiology of miRNA, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy
| | - Kaviya Chinnappa
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Víctor Borrell
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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7
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Froidure A, Marchal-Duval E, Homps-Legrand M, Ghanem M, Justet A, Crestani B, Mailleux A. Chaotic activation of developmental signalling pathways drives idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/158/190140. [PMID: 33208483 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0140-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by an important remodelling of lung parenchyma. Current evidence indicates that the disease is triggered by alveolar epithelium activation following chronic lung injury, resulting in alveolar epithelial type 2 cell hyperplasia and bronchiolisation of alveoli. Signals are then delivered to fibroblasts that undergo differentiation into myofibroblasts. These changes in lung architecture require the activation of developmental pathways that are important regulators of cell transformation, growth and migration. Among others, aberrant expression of profibrotic Wnt-β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β and Sonic hedgehog pathways in IPF fibroblasts has been assessed. In the present review, we will discuss the transcriptional integration of these different pathways during IPF as compared with lung early ontogeny. We will challenge the hypothesis that aberrant transcriptional integration of these pathways might be under the control of a chaotic dynamic, meaning that a small change in baseline conditions could be sufficient to trigger fibrosis rather than repair in a chronically injured lung. Finally, we will discuss some potential opportunities for treatment, either by suppressing deleterious mechanisms or by enhancing the expression of pathways involved in lung repair. Whether developmental mechanisms are involved in repair processes induced by stem cell therapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Froidure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Service de pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmeline Marchal-Duval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Meline Homps-Legrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mada Ghanem
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Justet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France.,Service de pneumologie, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, UMR1152, Labex Inflamex, DHU FIRE, Université de Paris, Faculté de médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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8
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Xue AG, Chan M, Gujral TS. Pan-cancer analysis of the developmental pathways reveals non-canonical wnt signaling as a driver of mesenchymal-type tumors. Transl Res 2020; 224:1-15. [PMID: 32522670 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The processes of angiogenesis, cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and the signaling pathways that drive these events, are activated in both cancer and during embryonic development. Here, we systematically assessed how the activity of major developmental signaling pathways, represented by the expression of genes encoding components of the pathways, correlated with patient survival in ∼8000 patients across 17 cancer types. We also compared the expressed genes enriched in developmental pathways with those associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both in a cancer cohort and in mice during embryonic development. We found that EMT and gene expression profiles consistent with high activity of several developmental pathways, including the TGFβ, Notch, and non-canonical Wnt pathways, significantly correlated with poor patient survival in multiple cancer types. We investigated individual components of these pathways and found that expression of the gene encoding the non-canonical Wnt receptor, frizzled 2 (FZD2), is highly correlated with both poor patient survival and gene expression indicating EMT in the tumors. Further mechanistic studies and pathway analyses revealed that FZD2-regulated genes in cancer cells in culture or FZD2-regulated gene sets from the TCGA data or FZD2-regulated genes involved in mouse organogenesis converged in EMT-associated biological processes, suggesting that FZD2 is a key driver of mesenchymal-like cell state and thus, a contributor to cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Xue
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Chan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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9
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Tiwari R, Manzar N, Ateeq B. Dynamics of Cellular Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:130. [PMID: 32754615 PMCID: PMC7365877 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advances in the treatment for prostate cancer, the patients often develop resistance to the conventional therapeutic interventions. Therapy-induced drug resistance and tumor progression have been associated with cellular plasticity acquired due to reprogramming at the molecular and phenotypic levels. The plasticity of the tumor cells is mainly governed by two factors: cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic. The cell-intrinsic factors involve alteration in the genetic or epigenetic regulators, while cell-extrinsic factors include microenvironmental cues and drug-induced selective pressure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness are two important hallmarks that dictate cellular plasticity in multiple cancer types including prostate. Emerging evidence has also pinpointed the role of tumor cell plasticity in driving anti-androgen induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), a lethal and therapy-resistant subtype. In this review, we discuss the role of cellular plasticity manifested due to genetic, epigenetic alterations and cues from the tumor microenvironment, and their role in driving therapy resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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10
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Misra R, Kandoi S, Varadaraj S, Vijayalakshmi S, Nanda A, Verma RS. Nanotheranostics: A tactic for cancer stem cells prognosis and management. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Höckel M, Behn U. The Order of Cancer: A Theory of Malignant Progression by Inverse Morphogenesis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:416. [PMID: 31192124 PMCID: PMC6548852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Local spread patterns of malignant tumors follow permissive tissue territories, i.e., cancer fields, as shown for cervical and vulvar carcinoma. The cancer fields are associated in reverse order to the mature derivatives of the morphogenetic fields instrumental in the stepwise development of the tissue from which the tumor arose. This suggests that cancer progression may be linked to morphogenesis by inversion of the cellular bauplan sequence. Successive attractor transitions caused by proliferation-associated constraints of topobiological information processing are proposed for both morphogenesis and cancer. In morphogenesis these transitions sequentially activate bauplans with increasing complexity at decreasing plasticity restricting the permissive territories of the progenitor cell populations. Somatic mutations leading to cell proliferation in domains normally reserved for differentiation trigger the inverse cascade of bauplan changes that increase topobiological plasticity at decreased complexity and stepwise enlarge the permissive territory of neoplastic cells consistent with the clinical manifestations of cancer. The order provided by the sequence of attractor transitions and the defined topography of the permissive territories can be exploited for more accurate tumor staging and for locoregional tumor treatment either by surgery or radiotherapy with higher curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Höckel
- Department of Gynecology, Women's and Children's Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig School of Radical Pelvic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Behn
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Targeting Wnt Signaling via Notch in Intestinal Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040555. [PMID: 31003440 PMCID: PMC6520938 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells is assisted by highly specialized and well-regulated signaling cascades. The Wnt pathway, which is one of the fundamental pathways in the intestine, contributes to the organization of proliferative intestinal crypts by positioning and cycling of intestinal stem cells and their derivatives. The Wnt pathway promotes differentiation of intestinal secretory cell types along the crypt-plateau and crypt-villus axis. In contrast to the Wnt pathway, the intestinal Notch cascade participates in cellular differentiation and directs progenitor cells towards an absorptive fate with diminished numbers of Paneth and goblet cells. Opposing activities of Notch and Wnt signaling in the regulation of intestinal stem cells and the enterocytic cell fate have been elucidated recently. In fact, targeting Notch was able to overcome tumorigenesis of intestinal adenomas, prevented carcinogenesis, and counteracted Paneth cell death in the absence of caspase 8. At present, pharmacological Notch inhibition is considered as an interesting tool targeting the intrinsic Wnt pathway activities in intestinal non-neoplastic disease and carcinogenesis.
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13
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Hartman ML, Sztiller-Sikorska M, Czyz M. Whole-exome sequencing reveals novel genetic variants associated with diverse phenotypes of melanoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:588-602. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L. Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | | | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
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14
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Song R, Gu D, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yu B, Liu B, Xie J. Functional significance of Hippo/YAP signaling for drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1608-1615. [PMID: 30074279 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. While early stage colorectal cancer can be removed by surgery, patients with advanced disease are treated by chemotherapy, with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) as a main ingredient. However, most patients with advanced colorectal cancer eventually succumb to the disease despite some responded initially. Thus, identifying molecular mechanisms responsible for drug resistance will help design novel strategies to treat colorectal cancer. In this study, we analyzed an acquired 5-FU resistant cell line, LoVo-R, and determined that elevated expression of YAP target genes is a major alteration in the 5-FU resistant cells. Hippo/YAP signaling, a pathway essential for cell polarity, is an important regulator for tissue homeostasis, organ size, and stem cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of YAP1 sensitized LoVo-R cells to 5-FU treatment in cultured cells and in mice. The relevance of our studies to colorectal cancer patients is reflected by our discovery that high expression of YAP target genes in the tumor was associated with an increased risk of cancer relapse and poor survival in a larger cohort of colorectal cancer patients who underwent 5-FU-related chemotherapy. Taken together, we demonstrate a critical role of YAP signaling for drug resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Indiana University Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Indiana University Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lining Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Indiana University Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Indiana University Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Wells Center for Pediatrics Research and IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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15
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Koganti P, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Smurfs in Protein Homeostasis, Signaling, and Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:295. [PMID: 30116722 PMCID: PMC6082930 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is an evolutionary conserved highly-orchestrated enzymatic cascade essential for normal cellular functions and homeostasis maintenance. This pathway relies on a defined set of cellular enzymes, among them, substrate-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s). These ligases are the most critical players, as they define the spatiotemporal nature of ubiquitination and confer specificity to this cascade. Smurf1 and Smurf2 (Smurfs) are the C2-WW-HECT-domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, which recently emerged as important determinants of pivotal cellular processes. These processes include cell proliferation and differentiation, chromatin organization and dynamics, DNA damage response and genomic integrity maintenance, gene expression, cell stemness, migration, and invasion. All these processes are intimately connected and profoundly altered in cancer. Initially, Smurf proteins were identified as negative regulators of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways. However, recent studies have extended the scope of Smurfs' biological functions beyond the BMP/TGF-β signaling regulation. Here, we provide a critical literature overview and updates on the regulatory roles of Smurfs in molecular and cell biology, with an emphasis on cancer. We also highlight the studies demonstrating the impact of Smurf proteins on tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer therapies. Further in-depth analyses of Smurfs' biological functions and influences on molecular pathways could provide novel therapeutic targets and paradigms for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Koganti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gal Levy-Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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16
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Integrated genomics has significantly advanced our understanding of medulloblastoma heterogeneity. It is now clear that it actually comprises at least four distinct molecular subgroups termed Wnt/Wingless (WNT), Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4 with stark clinical and biological differences. Areas covered: This paper reviews advances in the classification and risk stratification of medulloblastoma, specifically integrating subgroup with clinical and cytogenetic risk factors, with a summary of the potential to lead to more precise therapies. Moreover, the current state of preclinical modeling is summarized with respect to their utility in generating new treatments and correlation with genomic discoveries. Opportunities and challenges in developing new treatment paradigms are summarized and discussed, specifically new therapies for very high-risk metastatic/MYC-amplified Group 3 and TP53-mutant SHH and reductions in therapy for lower risk groups. Expert commentary: Survival across medulloblastoma has been stagnant for over 30 years, and new treatment paradigms are urgently required. Current therapy significantly over treats a high proportion of patients leaving them with lifelong side effects; while many patients still succumb to their disease. Applying biological advances could improve quality of life for a significant proportion of patients while offering new upfront approaches to the highest risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nör
- a Programme in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , ON , Canada.,b Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- b Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , ON , Canada.,c Division of Haematology/Oncology , Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , ON , Canada
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17
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McCarthy MW, Walsh TJ. Checkpoint inhibitors and the risk of infection. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1380517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew William McCarthy
- Hospital Medicine, Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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