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Yan Y, Gao Y, Kumar G, Fang Q, Yan H, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Song L, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhang N, Zhang P, Ma C. Exosomal MicroRNAs modulate the cognitive function in fasudil treated APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2024:10.1007/s11011-024-01395-8. [PMID: 39088109 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline stemming from the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and the propagation of tau pathology through synapses. Exosomes, crucial mediators in neuronal development, maintenance, and intercellular communication, have gained attention in AD research. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involving exosomal miRNAs in AD remain elusive. In this study, we treated APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice, a model for AD, with either vehicle (ADNS) or fasudil (ADF), while C57BL/6 (control) mice received vehicle (WT). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-maze test, and AD pathology was confirmed through immunostaining and western blot analysis of Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau. Exosomal RNAs were extracted, sequenced, and analyzed from each mouse group. Our findings revealed that fasudil treatment improved cognitive function in AD mice, as evidenced by increased spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and reduced Aβ plaque load and phosphorylated tau protein expression in the hippocampus. Analysis of exosomal miRNAs identified three miRNAs (mmu-let-7i-5p, mmu-miR-19a-3p, mmu-miR-451a) common to both ADNS vs ADF and WT vs ADNS groups. Utilizing miRTarBase software, we predicted and analyzed target genes associated with these miRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of miRNA target genes indicated that mmu-miR-19a-3p and mmu-miR-451a are implicated in signal transduction, immune response, cellular communication, and nervous system pathways. Specifically, mmu-miR-19a-3p targeted genes involved in the sphingolipid signaling pathway, such as Pten and Tnf, while mmu-miR-451a targeted Nsmaf, Gnai3, and Akt3. Moreover, mmu-miR-451a targeted Myc in signaling pathways regulating the pluripotency of stem cells. In conclusion, fasudil treatment enhanced cognitive function by modulating exosomal MicroRNAs, particularly mmu-miR-451a and mmu-miR-19a-3p. These miRNAs hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for novel AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
| | - Ye Gao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Gajendra Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Qingli Fang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yuna Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple, Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiehui Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple, Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.
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Liu X, Huang S, Zheng J, Wan C, Hu T, Cai Y, Wang Q, Zhang S. Melatonin attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14891. [PMID: 39056330 PMCID: PMC11273216 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of dementia around the world is increasing, and these patients are more likely to have cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorders over their lifetime. Previous studies have proven that melatonin could improve memory loss, but its specific mechanism is still confused. METHODS In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cognitive dysfunction. The behavioral tests were performed. 18F-FDG PET imaging was used to assess the metabolism of the brain. Protein expressions were determined through kit detection, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Nissl staining was conducted to reflect neurodegeneration. MTT assay and RNAi transfection were applied to perform the in vitro experiments. RESULTS We found that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction and relieve anxious-like behaviors or HT22 cell damage. 18F-FDG PET-CT results showed that melatonin could improve cerebral glucose uptake in SCOP-treated mice. Melatonin restored the cholinergic function, increased the expressions of neurotrophic factors, and ameliorated oxidative stress in the brain of SCOP-treated mice. In addition, melatonin upregulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), which further relieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by decreasing the expression of phosphorylate inositol-requiring enzyme (p-IRE1α) and its downstream, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction through the SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. SIRT1 might be the critical target of melatonin in the treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)DongguanChina
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Can Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye‐Feng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
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Liu J, Li T, Zhong G, Pan Y, Gao M, Su S, Liang Y, Ma C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Shi Q. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds for Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115406. [PMID: 37659206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a global public health priority characterized by high mortality rates in adults and an increasing prevalence in aging populations worldwide. Despite significant advancements in comprehending the pathogenesis of AD since its initial report in 1907, there remains a lack of effective curative or preventive measures for the disease. In recent years, natural compounds sourced from diverse origins have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents for AD, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review aims to consolidate the therapeutic effects of natural compounds on AD, specifically targeting the reduction of β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction, anti-apoptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the identified compounds exhibiting these effects predominantly originate from plants. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of natural compounds as a reservoir of novel therapeutic agents for AD, thereby stimulating further research and contributing to the development of efficacious treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Liu
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China
| | - Tianyao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaru Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Cuiru Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qing Shi
- Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen 529099, China.
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Ma HH, Wen JR, Fang H, Su S, Wan C, Zhang C, Lu FM, Fan LL, Wu GL, Zhou ZY, Qiao LJ, Zhang SJ, Cai YF. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Exerts Neuroprotective Effect by Reducing Aβ Toxicity Through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Cell Model. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:57-67. [PMID: 36734410 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia stroke is thought to be one of the vascular risks associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has been reported to protect against stroke and AD, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, SH-SY5Y cell model treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was used to explore the potential mechanism of HSYA. Results from cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) showed that 10 μM HSYA restored the cell viability after OGD 2 hours/R 24 hours. HSYA reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, while improved the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, apoptosis was inhibited, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was improved after HSYA treatment. In addition, the expression levels of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) and BACE1 were decreased by HSYA, as well as the expression levels of binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein, PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase pathway, and activating transcription factor 6 pathway, whereas the expression level of protein disulfide isomerase was increased. Based on these results, HSYA might reduce Aβ toxicity after OGD/R by interfering with apoptosis, oxidation, and neurotrophic factors, as well as relieving ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Han Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Mei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Liang Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang M. Neuroprotective effects of Morinda officinalis How.: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963041. [PMID: 36158563 PMCID: PMC9493036 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have shown that some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have applications in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Morinda officinalis How. (MO) is a TCM with a long history and is widely used to tonify kidney Yang. In vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that MO contains various effective pharmaceutical components and chemicals, including oligosaccharides, anthraquinones, iridoids, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements, conferring MO with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are undoubtedly hallmarks of neurodegeneration, contributing to AD progression. In this mini-review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of active components in MO. This discussion highlights the roles of these active components, such as oligosaccharides, anthraquinones, and iridoid glycosides, in the treatment of AD via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for further utilization of MO.
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ER stress and UPR in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, pathogenesis, treatments. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:706. [PMID: 35970828 PMCID: PMC9378716 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gradual loss of memory and cognitive function, which constitutes a heavy burden on the healthcare system globally. Current therapeutics to interfere with the underlying disease process in AD is still under development. Although many efforts have centered on the toxic forms of Aβ to effectively tackle AD, considering the unsatisfactory results so far it is vital to examine other targets and therapeutic approaches as well. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress refers to the build-up of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the ER, thus, perturbing the ER and cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that ER stress contributes to the onset and development of AD. A thorough elucidation of ER stress machinery in AD pathology may help to open up new therapeutic avenues in the management of this devastating condition to relieve the cognitive dementia symptoms. Herein, we aim at deciphering the unique role of ER stress in AD pathogenesis, reviewing key findings, and existing controversy in an attempt to summarize plausible therapeutic interventions in the management of AD pathophysiology.
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Jangra A, Verma M, Kumar D, Chandrika C, Rachamalla M, Dey A, Dua K, Jha SK, Ojha S, Alexiou A, Kumar D, Jha NK. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress using Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Li G, Liang R, Lian Y, Zhou Y. Circ_0002945 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to promote Aβ25-35-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells and human primary neurons. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Zhang Q, Ren Z, Li G, Tian R. Circ_0016347 modulates proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells via the miR-661/IL6R axis. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:264-274. [PMID: 35166635 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2037129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a common primary bone tumour in children and adolescents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert vital functions in human diseases, including osteosarcoma. Therefore, we explored the role of circ_0016347 in osteosarcoma. METHODS The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of circ_0016347, microRNA-661 (miR-661), and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The proliferation of osteosarcoma cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT) and EdU experiments. The migration and invasion were determined by transwell assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry assay. The association relationships among circ_0016347, miR-661, and IL6R were analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The western blot assay was employed to assay the protein expression. A xenograft experiment was established to clarify the functional role of circ_0016347 inhibition in vivo. RESULTS Circ_0016347 was obviously overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cells compared with control groups. The suppression of circ_0016347 impeded proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle and induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, which was overturned by knockdown of miR-661. Consistently, circ_0016347 knockdown repressed tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, miR-661 directly targeted and inhibited IL6R, and the upregulation of IL6R reversed miR-661-induced effects on osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, circ_0016347 could regulate IL6R expression through miR-661. Inhibition of circ_0016347 also inactivated the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/Transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway in osteosarcoma cells by IL6R. CONCLUSION Circ_0016347 functioned as an oncogene in osteosarcoma at least in part by the miR-661/IL6R axis and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhishuai Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Gao X, Xu Y. Therapeutic Effects of Natural Compounds and Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745011. [PMID: 34540853 PMCID: PMC8440892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. So far, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully understood. Research have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) participate in the occurrence and development of AD. Furthermore, various studies, both in vivo and in vitro, have shown that targeting ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis contribute to the recovery of AD. Thus, targeting ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis may be effective for treating AD. In this review, the molecular mechanism of ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, as well as the therapeutic effects of some natural compounds and small molecule inhibitors targeting ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis in AD will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang ZJ, Zhao F, Wang CF, Zhang XM, Xiao Y, Zhou F, Wu MN, Zhang J, Qi JS, Yang W. Xestospongin C, a Reversible IP3 Receptor Antagonist, Alleviates the Cognitive and Pathological Impairments in APP/PS1 Mice of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1217-1231. [PMID: 31683484 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exaggerated Ca2+ signaling might be one of primary causes of neural dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). And the intracellular Ca2+ overload has been closely associated with amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and memory impairments in AD. Here we showed for the first time the neuroprotective effects of Xestospongin C (XeC), a reversible IP3 receptor antagonist, on the cognitive behaviors and pathology of APP/PS1 AD mice. Male APP/PS1-AD mice (n = 20) were injected intracerebroventricularly with XeC (3μmol) via Alzet osmotic pumps for four weeks, followed by cognition tests, Aβ plaque examination, and ER stress-related protein measurement. The results showed that XeC pretreatment significantly improved the cognitive behavior of APP/PS1-AD mice, raising the spontaneous alteration accuracy in Y maze, decreasing the escape latency and increasing the target quadrant swimming time in Morris water maze; XeC pretreatment also reduced the number of Aβ plaques and the overexpression of ER stress proteins 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78), caspase-12, and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that XeC effectively ameliorated Aβ1 - 42-induced early neuronal apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ overload in the primary hippocampal neurons. Taken together, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ disorder plays a key role in the cognitive deficits and pathological damages in AD mice. By targeting the IP3 R, XeC might be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Chen-Fang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Third of Kunming People's Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
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Promyo K, Iqbal F, Chaidee N, Chetsawang B. Aluminum chloride-induced amyloid β accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat brain are averted by melatonin. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111829. [PMID: 33130240 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of aluminium (Al) in the brain is known to be a toxic insult that result in neurodegenerative diseases and melatonin is known to have neuroprotective role. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin for aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Twelve-week old male Wistar rats were orally received 175 mg/kg AlCl3 with or without 5 mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneal pretreatment. Group 3 intraperitoneally recieved 5 mg/kg melatonin and group 4 rats were orally treated with saline solution for 8 weeks. A series of behavioral tests, biochemical analysis and expression of AD-associated proteins in the brain were determined after 7 weeks of all treatments. Our results indicated that AlCl3 treatment tends to induce memory and cognitive impairment. However, melatonin treatment attenuated amyloid beta (Aβ) (1-42) level by decreasing β-secretase, augmented low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, and neprilysin protein expression. Moreover, AlCl3 -induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress was attenuated by melatonin supplementation. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate a protective role of melatonin against Aβ peptide accumulation, ER stress and oxidative stress in the AlCl3 -treated AD model. Hence, the melatonin supplement might be an alternative way to alleviate the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Promyo
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Nutthika Chaidee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Zhao X, Li S, Gaur U, Zheng W. Artemisinin Improved Neuronal Functions in Alzheimer's Disease Animal Model 3xtg Mice and Neuronal Cells via Stimulating the ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway. Aging Dis 2020; 11:801-819. [PMID: 32765947 PMCID: PMC7390534 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is not known at present but toxicity of amyloid-beta is one of the central hypotheses. Amyloid-beta can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, cause inflammatory reactions and activate apoptosis related factors which lead to the neuronal death. In this study, we found that artemisinin, a first line antimalarial drug used in clinic for decades, improved the cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease animal model 3xTg mice. Further study showed that artemisinin reduced the deposition of amyloid-beta and tau protein, reduced the release of inflammation factors and apoptosis factors, and thereby reduced the neuronal cell death. Western blot assay showed that artemisinin stimulated the activation of ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Consistent with these results, artemisinin concentration-dependently promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cell against toxicity of amyloid-beta protein 1-42 induced ROS accumulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. Artemisinin also stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in SH-SY5Y cells in time and concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of ERK/CREB pathway attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. These data put together suggested that artemisinin has the potential to protect neuronal cells in vitro as well as in vivo animal model 3xTg mice via, at least in part, the activation of the ERK/CREB pathway. Our findings also strongly support the potential of artemisinin as a new multi-target drug that can be used for preventing and treating the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging and Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Guo MF, Zhang HY, Li YH, Gu QF, Wei WY, Wang YY, Zhang XJ, Liu XQ, Song LJ, Chai Z, Yu JZ, Ma CG. Fasudil inhibits the activation of microglia and astrocytes of transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice via the downregulation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577284. [PMID: 32652366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an association of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with microglial and astrocytic dysregulation. Recent studies have proposed that activated microglia can transform astrocytes to a neurotoxic A1 phenotype, which has been shown to be involved in the promotion of neuronal damage in several neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. In the present study, we observed an obvious microglial activation and A1-specific astrocyte response in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 Tg mice. Fasudil treatment improved the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 Tg mice, inhibited microglial activation and promoted their transformation to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and further shifted astrocytes from an A1 to an A2 phenotype. Our experiments suggest Fasudil exerted these functions by inhibing the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, which are key mediators of inflammation. Using in vitro experiments, we further validated in vivo findings. Our cell experiments indicated that Fasudil induces a shift of inflammatory microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. LPS-induced microglia-conditioned medium promotes A1 astrocytic polarization, but Fasudil treatment resulted in a direct transformation of A1 astrocytes to A2. To summarize, our results show that Fasudil inhibits the neurotoxic activation of microglia and shifts astrocytes towards a neuroprotective A2 phenotype, representing a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Fang Guo
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Hui-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Qing-Fang Gu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Wen-Yue Wei
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yu-Yin Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Dept. of Neurology, Datong Fifth People's Hospital, Datong 037009, China.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China; Research Center of Neurobiology, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China; Dept. of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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15
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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Herbal Small-Molecule Drugs for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041327. [PMID: 32079110 PMCID: PMC7072986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular amyloid plaques composed of the β-amyloid peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and associates with progressive declines in memory and cognition. Several genes play important roles and regulate enzymes that produce a pathological accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain, such as gamma secretase (γ-secretase). Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with Alzheimer’s disease with different underlying genetic mechanisms may help model different phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease and facilitate personalized drug screening platforms for the identification of small molecules. We also discuss recent developments by γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators in the treatment of AD. In addition, small-molecule drugs isolated from Chinese herbal medicines have been shown effective in treating Alzheimer’s disease. We propose a mechanism of small-molecule drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Combining therapy with different small-molecule drugs may increase the chance of symptomatic treatment. A customized strategy tailored to individuals and in combination with therapy may be a more suitable treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease in the future.
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16
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Zhang DP, Lu XY, He SC, Li WY, Ao R, Leung FCY, Zhang ZM, Chen QB, Zhang SJ. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate protects against Aβ-induced cell toxicity through regulating Aβ process. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3328-3335. [PMID: 31989795 PMCID: PMC7131914 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been reported to prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, two in vitro models, Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells transfected with APPsw (SH-SY5Y-APPsw cells), were employed to investigate the neuroprotective of STS. The results revealed that pretreatment with STS (1, 10 and 100 µmol/L) for 24 hours could protect against Aβ (10 µmol/L)-induced cell toxicity in a dose-dependent manner in the SH-SY5Y cells. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate decreased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, NO and iNOS, while increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the SH-SY5Y cells. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate decreased the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, Western blot results revealed that the expressions of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme were up-regulated in the SH-SY5Y cells after STS treatment. Furthermore, ELISA and Western blot results showed that STS could decrease the levels of Aβ. ELISA and qPCR results indicated that STS could increase α-secretase (ADAM10) activity and decrease β-secretase (BACE1) activity. In conclusion, STS could protect against Aβ-induced cell damage by modulating Aβ degration and generation. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate could be a promising candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lu
- Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Chen He
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Baiyun District Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Ao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feona Chung-Yin Leung
- LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qu-Bo Chen
- Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Cuanalo-Contreras K, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Natural Products as Modulators of the Proteostasis Machinery: Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194666. [PMID: 31547084 PMCID: PMC6801507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins play crucial and diverse roles within the cell. To exert their biological function they must fold to acquire an appropriate three-dimensional conformation. Once their function is fulfilled, they need to be properly degraded to hamper any possible damage. Protein homeostasis or proteostasis comprises a complex interconnected network that regulates different steps of the protein quality control, from synthesis and folding, to degradation. Due to the primary role of proteins in cellular function, the integrity of this network is critical to assure functionality and health across lifespan. Proteostasis failure has been reported in the context of aging and neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, targeting the proteostasis elements emerges as a promising neuroprotective therapeutic approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of these disorders. A variety of natural products are known to be neuroprotective by protein homeostasis interaction. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the use of natural products as modulators of different components of the proteostasis machinery within the framework of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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Herbal Formula Fo Shou San Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies via the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8302950. [PMID: 31316576 PMCID: PMC6601474 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fo Shou San (FSS) is an ancient paired-herb decoction, used in China to treat blood deficiency, blood stasis, stroke, and ischemic cerebral vascular disease for about one thousand years. The mechanisms associated with these properties, however, are not completely understood. Gut bacteria, gut bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lipid peroxidation are common biochemical signaling that takes place on gut-liver-brain axis. Growing evidences have revealed that gut bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) enter the systemic circulation via the portal vein, and finally entering the brain tissue is an important cause of inflammatory degeneration of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) dephosphorylates LPS forming a nontoxic LPS and reduces systemic inflammation via gut-liver-brain axis. In this study, to identify the differentially gut-liver-brain axis among APP/PS1 mice, FSS-treated APP/PS1 mice, and control mice, behavioral tests were performed to assess the cognitive ability and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to assess neuronal damage in the hippocampus; immunohistochemistry, western blotting, a quantitative chromogenic end-point Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) assay kit, Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit, AP Assay Kit, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to assess the level of LPS, MDA, AP, and gut bacteria. We found that FSS regulates gut-liver-brain axis to regulate AP and gut bacteria and attenuate the LPS-related systemic inflammation, oxidative stress (MDA), and thereby AD-related pathology in APP/PS1 mice. This is the first study to provide a reference for FSS-treated AD mice to aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms of FSS. FSS may also improve gastrointestinal tract barrier and blood-brain barrier and thus ameliorates the symptoms of AD; this is subject to our further study.
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Postu PA, Sadiki FZ, El Idrissi M, Cioanca O, Trifan A, Hancianu M, Hritcu L. Pinus halepensis essential oil attenuates the toxic Alzheimer’s amyloid beta (1-42)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Yu M, Yan W, Beight C. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Reduce Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Pde6b rd10 Mouse Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4374087. [PMID: 30643804 PMCID: PMC6311858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4374087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin, and RS-zeaxanthin (L-Z) are antioxidants which can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and oxidative stress (OS), and ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases. However, their treatment effect in the Pde6b rd10 (rd10) mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been studied. ERS is an important factor which causes photoreceptor apoptosis. The aim of the current project is to test the treatment effect of L-Z in rd10 mice and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ERS. METHODS L-Z (Lutemax 2020, 10 mg/kg) diluted in sunflower oil (SFO, 1 mg/ml) or the same volume of SFO was administrated via gavage from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P20 daily in L-Z group (n=5) or SFO group (n=6) of rd10 mice. At P21, electroretinography (ERG) was performed to show the functional change of retinas. 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) were tested by western blot and immunostaining. RESULTS The ERG amplitudes were larger in the L-Z group than those of the SFO group in all flash luminances of dark-adapted and light-adapted ERG (all p < 0.01). Western blot revealed that GRP78 in the retinas of the L-Z group was significantly downregulated compared to that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the retinal ERp29 protein was significantly upregulated in the L-Z treatment group than that of the SFO group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS L-Z provide protection to the photoreceptors of rd10 mouse model of RP, which is probably associated with the reduction of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, China
| | - Craig Beight
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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