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Xu Y, Bai Z, Lan T, Fu C, Cheng P. CD44 and its implication in neoplastic diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e554. [PMID: 38783892 PMCID: PMC11112461 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD44, a nonkinase single span transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major cell surface receptor for many other extracellular matrix components as well as classic markers of cancer stem cells and immune cells. Through alternative splicing of CD44 gene, CD44 is divided into two isoforms, the standard isoform of CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoform of CD44 (CD44v). Different isoforms of CD44 participate in regulating various signaling pathways, modulating cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, with its aberrant expression and dysregulation contributing to tumor initiation and progression. However, CD44s and CD44v play overlapping or contradictory roles in tumor initiation and progression, which is not fully understood. Herein, we discuss the present understanding of the functional and structural roles of CD44 in the pathogenic mechanism of multiple cancers. The regulation functions of CD44 in cancers-associated signaling pathways is summarized. Moreover, we provide an overview of the anticancer therapeutic strategies that targeting CD44 and preclinical and clinical trials evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and drug-related toxicity about CD44-targeted therapies. This review provides up-to-date information about the roles of CD44 in neoplastic diseases, which may open new perspectives in the field of cancer treatment through targeting CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xu
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Department of BiotherapyLaboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Chenying Fu
- Laboratory of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Nie X, Wang D, Pan Y, Hua Y, Lü P, Yang Y. Discovery, classification and application of the CPISPR-Cas13 system. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:525-544. [PMID: 37545273 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is an acquired immune system of bacteria and archaea. Continued research has resulted in the identification of other Cas13 proteins. OBJECTIVE This review briefly describes the discovery, classification, and application of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, including recent technological advances in addition to factors affecting system performance. METHODS Cas13-based molecular therapy of human, animal, and plant transcriptomes was discussed, including regulation of gene expression to combat pathogenic RNA viruses. In addition, the latest progress, potential shortcomings, and challenges of the CRISPR-Cas system for treatment of animal and plant diseases are reviewed. RESULTS The CRISPR-Cas system VI is characterized by two RNA-guided higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domains. CRISPR RNA can cleave specific RNA through the interaction between the stem-loop rich chain of uracil residues and the Cas13a protein. The CRISPR-Cas13 system has been applied for gene editing in animal and plant cells, in addition to biological detection via accurate targeting of single-stranded RNA. CONCLUSION The CRISPR-Cas13 system offers a high-throughput and convenient technology for detection of viruses and potentially the development of anti-cancer drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Nie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Pan
- School of Experimental Animal Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Hua
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Lü
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Wang Y, Ming G, Gao B. A potential prognostic prediction model for metastatic osteosarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis. Acta Orthop Belg 2023; 89:373-380. [PMID: 37935218 DOI: 10.52628/89.2.10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant primary bone tumor with a high incidence. This study aims to construct a prognostic prediction model by screening the prognostic mRNA of metastatic OS. Data on four eligible expression profiles from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus repository were obtained based on inclusion criteria and defined as the training set or the validation set. The differentially expressed genres (DEGs) between meta- static and non-metastatic OS samples in the training set were first identified, and DEGs related to prognosis were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis. In total, 107 DEGs related to the prognosis of metastatic OS were identified. Then, 46 DEGs were isolated as the optimized prognostic gene signature, and a metastatic-OS discriminating classifier was constructed, which had a high accuracy in distinguishing metastatic from non-metastatic OS samples. Furthermore, four optimized prognostic gene signatures (ALOX5AP, COL21A1, HLA-DQB1, and LDHB) were further screened, and the prognostic prediction model for metastatic OS was constructed. This model possesses a relatively satisfying prediction ability both in the training set and validation set. The prognostic prediction model that was constructed based on the four prognostic mRNA signatures has a high predictive ability for the prognosis of metastatic OS.
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4
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Fernández-Tabanera E, García-García L, Rodríguez-Martín C, Cervera ST, González-González L, Robledo C, Josa S, Martínez S, Chapado L, Monzón S, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 Modulates Cell Migration and Invasion in Ewing Sarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11774. [PMID: 37511533 PMCID: PMC10381016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chimeric EWSR1::FLI1 transcription factor is the main oncogenic event in Ewing sarcoma. Recently, it has been proposed that EWSR1::FLI1 levels can fluctuate in Ewing sarcoma cells, giving rise to two cell populations. EWSR1::FLI1low cells present a migratory and invasive phenotype, while EWSR1::FLI1high cells are more proliferative. In this work, we described how the CD44 standard isoform (CD44s), a transmembrane protein involved in cell adhesion and migration, is overexpressed in the EWSR1::FLI1low phenotype. The functional characterization of CD44s (proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion ability) was performed in three doxycycline-inducible Ewing sarcoma cell models (A673, MHH-ES1, and CADO-ES1). As a result, CD44s expression reduced cell proliferation in all the cell lines tested without affecting clonogenicity. Additionally, CD44s increased cell migration in A673 and MHH-ES1, without effects in CADO-ES1. As hyaluronan is the main ligand of CD44s, its effect on migration ability was also assessed, showing that high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) blocked cell migration while low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) increased it. Invasion ability was correlated with CD44 expression in A673 and MHH-ES1 cell lines. CD44s, upregulated upon EWSR1::FLI1 knockdown, regulates cell migration and invasion in Ewing sarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758, CB06/07/1009, CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-García
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Martín
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758, CB06/07/1009, CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saint T Cervera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758, CB06/07/1009, CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-González
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Robledo
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Josa
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Selene Martínez
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Chapado
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Monzón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758, CB06/07/1009, CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758, CB06/07/1009, CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Hanif F, Zhang Y, Dube C, Gibert MK, Saha S, Hudson K, Marcinkiewicz P, Kefas B, Guessous F, Abounader R. miR-3174 Is a New Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA That Inhibits Several Tumor-Promoting Genes in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9326. [PMID: 37298284 PMCID: PMC10253284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathology of glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most malignant and most common primary malignant brain tumor. miRNAs can target multiple genes simultaneously and are considered as potential therapeutic agents or targets. This study aimed to determine the role of miR-3174 in the pathobiology of GBM using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. This is the first study deciphering the role of miR-3174 in GBM. We studied the expression of miR-3174 and found it to be downregulated in a panel of GBM cell lines, GSCs and tissues relative to astrocytes and normal brain tissue. This finding led us to hypothesize that miR-3174 has a tumor-suppressive role in GBM. Exogenous expression of miR-3174 inhibited GBM cell growth and invasion, and hampered the neurosphere formation ability of GSCs. miR-3174 downregulated the expression of multiple tumor-promoting genes including CD44, MDM2, RHOA, PLAU and CDK6. Further, overexpression of miR-3174 reduced tumor volume in nude mice with intracranial xenografts. Immuno-histochemical study of brain sections with intracranial tumor xenografts revealed the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity of miR-3174. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-3174 has a tumor-suppressive role in GBM and could be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farina Hanif
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, OJHA Campus, SUPARCO Road, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Collin Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Myron K Gibert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shekhar Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kadie Hudson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Pawel Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin Kefas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Roger Abounader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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6
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Jiang Y, He K. Nanobiotechnological approaches in osteosarcoma therapy: Versatile (nano)platforms for theranostic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115939. [PMID: 37088317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructive achievements in the field of nanobiotechnology and their translation into clinical course have led to increasing attention towards evaluation of their use for treatment of diseases, especially cancer. Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the primary bone malignancies that affects both males and females in childhood and adolescence. Like other types of cancers, genetic and epigenetic mutations account for OS progression and several conventional therapies including chemotherapy and surgery are employed. However, survival rate of OS patients remains low and new therapies in this field are limited. The purpose of the current review is to provide a summary of nanostructures used in OS treatment. Drug and gene delivery by nanoplatforms have resulted in an accumulation of therapeutic agents for tumor cell suppression. Furthermore, co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanostructures are utilized in OS suppression to boost immunotherapy. Since tumor cells have distinct features such as acidic pH, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have been developed to appropriately target OS. Besides, nanoplatforms can be used for biosensing and providing phototherapy to suppress OS. Furthermore, surface modification of nanoparticles with ligands can increase their specificity and selectivity towards OS cells. Clinical translation of current findings suggests that nanoplatforms have been effective in retarding tumor growth and improving survival of OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Ke He
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Wöhner B, Li W, Hey S, Drobny A, Werny L, Becker-Pauly C, Lucius R, Zunke F, Linder S, Arnold P. Proteolysis of CD44 at the cell surface controls a downstream protease network. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1026810. [PMID: 36876041 PMCID: PMC9981664 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1026810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface receptor cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is the main hyaluronan receptor of the human body. At the cell surface, it can be proteolytically processed by different proteases and was shown to interact with different matrix metalloproteinases. Upon proteolytic processing of CD44 and generation of a C-terminal fragment (CTF), an intracellular domain (ICD) is released after intramembranous cleavage by the γ-secretase complex. This intracellular domain then translocates to the nucleus and induces transcriptional activation of target genes. In the past CD44 was identified as a risk gene for different tumor entities and a switch in CD44 isoform expression towards isoform CD44s associates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer cell invasion. Here, we introduce meprin β as a new sheddase of CD44 and use a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to deplete CD44 and its sheddases ADAM10 and MMP14 in HeLa cells. We here identify a regulatory loop at the transcriptional level between ADAM10, CD44, MMP14 and MMP2. We show that this interplay is not only present in our cell model, but also across different human tissues as deduced from GTEx (Gene Tissue Expression) data. Furthermore, we identify a close relation between CD44 and MMP14 that is also reflected in functional assays for cell proliferation, spheroid formation, migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wöhner
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wenjia Li
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Hey
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Werny
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Verhagen HJMP, Kuijk C, Rutgers L, Kokke AM, van der Meulen SA, van Mierlo G, Voermans C, van den Akker E. Optimized Guide RNA Selection Improves Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 Gene Editing of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. CRISPR J 2022; 5:702-716. [PMID: 36169633 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are frequently applied for therapeutic gene editing as well as fundamental research because the method is fast, viral free, and shows fewest off target effects. We evaluated various parameters to genetically engineer human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (spCas9) RNPs, and achieve gene editing efficiencies up to 80%. We find that guide RNA (gRNA) design is critical to achieve high gene editing efficiencies. However, finding effective gRNAs for HSPCs can be challenging, while the contribution of numerous in silico models is unclear. By screening more than 120 gRNAs, our data demonstrate that in silico gRNA prediction models are ineffective. In this study, we established a time- and cost-efficient in vitro transcribed gRNA screening model in K562 cells that predicts effective gRNAs for HSPCs. RNP based screening thus outperforms in silico modeling and we report that gene editing is equally efficient in distinct CD34+ HSPC subpopulations. Furthermore, no effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, or in vitro hematopoietic lineage commitment were observed. Finally, no upregulation of p21 expression was found, suggesting unperturbed HSPC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han J M P Verhagen
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Kuijk
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Rutgers
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M Kokke
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Santhe A van der Meulen
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Mierlo
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Voermans
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Naked and Decorated Nanoparticles Containing H 2S-Releasing Doxorubicin: Preparation, Characterization and Assessment of Their Antitumoral Efficiency on Various Resistant Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911555. [PMID: 36232858 PMCID: PMC9569649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several semisynthetic, low-cardiotoxicity doxorubicin (DOXO) conjugated have been extensively described, considering the risk of cytotoxicity loss against resistant tumor cells, which mainly present drug efflux capacity. Doxorubicin 14-[4-(4-phenyl-5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3-yl)]-benzoate (H2S-DOXO) was synthetized and tested for its ability to overcome drug resistance with good intracellular accumulation. In this paper, we present a formulation study aimed to develop naked and decorated H2S-DOXO-loaded lipid nanoparticles (NPs). NPs prepared by the "cold dilution of microemulsion" method were decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain active targeting and characterized for their physicochemical properties, drug entrapment efficiency, long-term stability, and in vitro drug release. Best formulations were tested in vitro on human-sensitive (MCF7) and human/mouse DOXO-resistant (MDA-MDB -231 and JC) breast cancer cells, on human (U-2OS) osteosarcoma cells and DOXO-resistant human/mouse osteosarcoma cells (U-2OS/DX580/K7M2). HA-decoration by HA-cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide electrostatic interaction on NPs surface was confirmed by Zeta potential and elemental analysis at TEM. NPs had mean diameters lower than 300 nm, 70% H2S-DOXO entrapment efficiency, and were stable for almost 28 days. HA-decorated NPs accumulated H2S-DOXO in Pgp-expressing cells reducing cell viability. HA-decorated NPs result in the best formulation to increase the inter-cellular H2S-DOXO delivery and kill resistant cells, and therefore, as a future perspective, they will be taken into account for further in vivo experiments on tumor animal model.
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10
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CD44 Contributes to the Regulation of MDR1 Protein and Doxorubicin Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158616. [PMID: 35955749 PMCID: PMC9368984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of pediatric bone tumor. Despite great advances in chemotherapy during the past decades, the survival rates of osteosarcoma patients remain unsatisfactory. Drug resistance is one of the main reasons, leading to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Previous reports correlated expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) with drug resistance and poor survival of osteosarcoma patients, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Here, we investigated the role of CD44 in the regulation of drug chemoresistance, using osteosarcoma cells isolated from mice carrying a mutation of the tumor suppressor neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) gene. CD44 expression was knocked-down in the cells using CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Subsequently, CD44 isoforms and mutants were re-introduced to investigate CD44-dependent processes. Sensitivity to doxorubicin was analyzed in the osteosarcoma cells with modified CD44 expression by immunoblot, colony formation- and WST-1 assay. To dissect the molecular alterations induced by deletion of Cd44, RNA sequencing was performed on Cd44-positive and Cd44-negative primary osteosarcoma tissues isolated from Nf2-mutant mice. Subsequently, expression of candidate genes was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results indicate that CD44 increases the resistance of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin by up-regulating the levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) 1 protein expression, and suggest the role of proteolytically released CD44 intracellular domain, and hyaluronan interactions in this process. Moreover, high throughput sequencing analysis identified differential regulation of several apoptosis-related genes in Cd44-positive and -negative primary osteosarcomas, including p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 (Perp). Deletion of Cd44 in osteosarcoma cells led to doxorubicin-dependent p53 activation and a profound increase in Perp mRNA expression. Overall, our results suggest that CD44 might be an important regulator of drug resistance and suggest that targeting CD44 can sensitize osteosarcoma to standard chemotherapy.
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11
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Distel JS, Flores RMO, Bienvenu A, Aguilera MO, Bonazzi M, Berón W. Ezrin and CD44 participate in the internalization process of
Coxiella burnetii
into non‐phagocytic cells. Biol Cell 2022; 114:237-253. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S. Distel
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M. Ortiz Flores
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Arthur Bienvenu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Milton O. Aguilera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología Parasitología e Inmunología Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Matteo Bonazzi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) UMR 9004 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Walter Berón
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Cuyo ‐ CONICET Mendoza 5500 Argentina
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12
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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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13
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Hassanpour P, Sadeghsoltani F, Malakoti F, Alemi F, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a new approach for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:49. [PMID: 35715750 PMCID: PMC9204876 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an RNA-based adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea. Various studies have shown that it is possible to target a wide range of human genes and treat some human diseases, including cancers, by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In fact, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is one of the most efficient genome manipulation techniques. Studies have shown that CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in addition to having the potential to be used as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancers, can also be used to enhance the effectiveness of existing treatments. Undoubtedly, the issue of drug resistance is one of the main obstacles in the treatment of cancers. Cancer cells resist anticancer drugs by a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing anticancer drugs efflux, enhancing DNA repair, enhancing stemness, and attenuating apoptosis. Mutations in some proteins of different cellular signaling pathways are associated with these events and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that the CRISPR/Cas9 technique can be used to target important genes involved in these mechanisms, thereby increasing the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. In this review article, studies related to the applications of this technique in overcoming drug resistance in cancer cells will be reviewed. In addition, we will give a brief overview of the limitations of the CRISP/Cas9 gene-editing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Karalis T, Skandalis SS. Hyaluronan network: a driving force in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C145-C158. [PMID: 35649255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is one of the most abundant macromolecules of the extracellular matrix and regulates several physiological cell and tissue properties. However, hyaluronan has been shown to accumulate together with its receptors in various cancers. In tumors, accumulation of hyaluronan system components (hyaluronan synthesizing/degrading enzymes and interacting proteins) associates with poor outcomes of the patients. In this article, we review the main roles of hyaluronan in normal physiology and cancer, and further discuss the targeting of hyaluronan system as an applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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15
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yi Z, Jiang M. Establishment and application of a human osteosarcoma U-2OS cell line that can stably express Cas9 protein. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2183-2191. [PMID: 35445373 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, and U-2OS is a common osteosarcoma cell model. The study obtained a human osteosarcoma U-2OS tool cell line which could stably express Cas9 protein, and we reported its production method and application. Firstly, we introduced a Cas9 protein expression gene and an antibiotic screening marker gene through CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct a human osteosarcoma U-2OS tool cell line which could stably express Cas9 protein. Secondly, as the cell line could stably express Cas9 protein, it was only transfected alone a small sgRNA fragment for related gene editing, we then transfected, respectively, a small ETV4 and MALAT1 sgRNA fragment to U-2OS tool cell line for gene editing. Lastly, the Q-PCR results showed that the transcription levels of ETV4 and MALAT1 were significantly decreased, and western blotting result showed that the translation level of ETV4 was significantly decreased, these results indicated that the constructed U-2OS tool cell line could effectively edit protein-coding gene (ETV4) and long non-coding RNA gene (MALAT1). The results of this study also indicated that the constructed U-2OS tool cell line could greatly improve the efficiency of gene editing. Therefore, the genetic engineering cell line provided by the study is of great significance for studying the pathogenesis and regulatory network of osteosarcoma, and for preventing and treating bone tumor as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhou
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Zilin Yi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Minggui Jiang
- Hunan Fenghui Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Changsha, 410000, China
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16
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Aboushanab SA, Shevyrin VA, Slesarev GP, Melekhin VV, Shcheglova AV, Makeev OG, Kovaleva EG, Kim KH. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Kudzu Roots and Soy Molasses against Pediatric Tumors and Phytochemical Analysis of Isoflavones Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-HRMS. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060741. [PMID: 35336625 PMCID: PMC8955742 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric solid tumors (PSTs) are life-threatening and can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in children. Developing novel remedies to treat these tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme and sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, is challenging, despite immense attempts with chemotherapeutic or radiotherapeutic interventions. Soy (Glycine max) and kudzu roots (KR) (Pueraria spp.) are well-known phytoestrogenic botanical sources that contain high amounts of naturally occurring isoflavones. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the extracts of KR and soy molasses (SM) against PSTs. The green extraction of isoflavones from KR and SM was performed using natural deep eutectic solvents. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) coupled with high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS), which identified 10 isoflavones in KR extracts and 3 isoflavones in the SM extracts. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of KR and SM extracts were assessed against glioblastoma multiforme (A-172), osteosarcoma (HOS), and rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd) cancer cell lines. The KR and SM extracts showed satisfactory cytotoxic effects (IC50) against the cancer cell lines tested, particularly against Rd cancer cell lines, in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant activity was found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in KR than in SM, which was consistent with the results of the cytotoxic activity observed with KR and SM extracts against glioblastoma and osteosarcoma cells. The total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of the extracts were remarkably attributed to the isoflavone content in the KR and SM extracts. This study provides experimental evidence that HPLC-ESI-HRMS is a suitable analytical approach to identify isoflavones that exhibit potent antioxidant and anticancer potential against tumor cells, and that KR and SM, containing many isoflavones, can be a potential alternative for health care in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied A Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Shevyrin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory P Slesarev
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Melekhin
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Biology, Ural State Medical University, Repina 3, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Karla Marksa 22a, 620026 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Anna V Shcheglova
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Biology, Ural State Medical University, Repina 3, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg G Makeev
- Department of Biology, Ural State Medical University, Repina 3, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Institute for Medical Cell Technologies, Karla Marksa 22a, 620026 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena G Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Innovative Center of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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17
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Xie D, Wang Z, Li J, Guo DA, Lu A, Liang C. Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Osteosarcoma Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843345. [PMID: 35311145 PMCID: PMC8931218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone cancer with unknown molecular pathways of etiology and pathophysiology, improving patient survival has long been a challenge. The conventional therapy is a complex multidisciplinary management that include radiotherapy, chemotherapy which followed by surgery and then post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, they have severe side effects because the majority of the medicines used have just a minor selectivity for malignant tissue. As a result, treating tumor cells specifically without damaging healthy tissue is currently a primary goal in OS therapy. The coupling of chemotherapeutic drugs with targeting ligands is a unique therapy method for OS that, by active targeting, can overcome the aforementioned hurdles. This review focuses on advances in ligands and chemotherapeutic agents employed in targeted delivery to improve the capacity of active targeting and provide some insight into future therapeutic research for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoli Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuqian Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liang, ; Aiping Lu,
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liang, ; Aiping Lu,
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18
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The power and the promise of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for clinical application with gene therapy. J Adv Res 2021; 40:135-152. [PMID: 36100322 PMCID: PMC9481961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high accuracy and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques may provide a great chance to treat some gene-related diseases. Researchers used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to cure or alleviate cancers through different approaches, such as gene therapy and immune therapy. The treatment of ocular diseases by Cas9 has entered into clinical phases.
Background Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is derived from the bacterial innate immune system and engineered as a robust gene-editing tool. Due to the higher specificity and efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it has been widely applied to many genetic and non-genetic disease, including cancers, genetic hemolytic diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, ocular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, and some X-linked diseases. Furthermore, in terms of the therapeutic strategy of cancers, many researchers used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to cure or alleviate cancers through different approaches, such as gene therapy and immune therapy. Aim of Review Here, we conclude the recent application and clinical trials of CRISPR/Cas9 in non-cancerous diseases and cancers and pointed out some of the problems to be solved. Key Scientific Concepts of Review CRISPR/Cas9, derived from the microbial innate immune system, is developed as a robust gene-editing tool and has been applied widely. Due to its high accuracy and efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 techniques may provide a great chance to treat some gene-related diseases by disrupting, inserting, correcting, replacing, or blocking genes for clinical application with gene therapy.
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Hariprabu KNG, Sathya M, Vimalraj S. CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy: A review with a special focus on tumor angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:913-930. [PMID: 34655593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a critical target for cancer treatment and its inhibition has become a common anticancer approach following chemotherapy. However, due to the simultaneous activation of different compensatory molecular mechanisms that enhance tumor angiogenesis, clinically authorized anti-angiogenic medicines are ineffective. Additionally, medications used to treat cancer have an effect on normal body cells; nonetheless, more research is needed to create new cancer therapeutic techniques. With advances in molecular biology, it is now possible to use gene-editing technology to alter the genome and study the functional changes resulting from genetic manipulation. With the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, it has become a very powerful tool for altering the genomes of many organisms. It was determined that CRISPR/Cas9, which first appeared in bacteria as a part of an adaptive immune system, could be used, in modified forms, to alter genomes and function. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9 could be a major step forward to cancer management by providing patients with an effective method for dealing with cancers by dissecting the carcinogenesis pathways, identifying new biologic targets, and perhaps arming cancer cells with drugs. Hence, this review will discuss the current applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in tumor angiogenesis research for the purpose of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthusamy Sathya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Gao P, Ren G. Identification of potential target genes of non-small cell lung cancer in response to resveratrol treatment by bioinformatics analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23245-23261. [PMID: 34633989 PMCID: PMC8544309 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type in lung cancer in the world, and it severely threatens the life of patients. Resveratrol has been reported to inhibit cancer. However, mechanisms of resveratrol inhibiting NSCLC were unclear. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of NSCLC treated with resveratrol and reveal the potential targets of resveratrol in NSCLC. We obtained mRNA expression profiles of two datasets from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) and 271 DEGs were selected for further analysis. Data from STRING shown that 177 nodes and 342 edges were in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and 10 hub genes (ANPEP, CD69, ITGAL, PECAM1, PTPRC, CD34, ITGA1, CCL2, SOX2, and EGFR) were identified by Cytoscape plus-in cytoHubba. Survival analysis revealed that NSCLC patients showing low expression of PECAM1, ANPEP, CD69, ITGAL, and PTPRC were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05), and high expression of SOX2 and EGFR was associated with worse OS for NSCLC patients (P < 0.05). Overall, we identified ANPEP, CD69, ITGAL, and PTPRC as potential candidate genes which were main effects of resveratrol on the treatment of NSCLC. ANPEP, ITGAL, CD69, and PTPRC are all clusters of differentiation (CD) antigens, might be the targets of resveratrol. The bioinformatic results suggested that the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on lung cancer may be related to the immune signaling pathway. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and to explore their functional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guanghui Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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21
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Ambrosio L, Raucci MG, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Papalia R, Denaro V. Innovative Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8214. [PMID: 34360979 PMCID: PMC8347125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer is a demanding challenge for contemporary medicine due to its high frequency of presentation and significant heterogeneity of malignant lesions developing within the bone. To date, available treatments are rarely curative and are primarily aimed at prolonging patients' survival and ameliorating their quality of life. Furthermore, both pharmacological and surgical therapies are aggravated by a consistent burden of adverse events and subsequent disability due to the loss of healthy bone structural and functional properties. Therefore, great research efforts are being made to develop innovative biomaterials able to selectively inhibit bone cancer progression while reducing the loss of bone structural properties secondary to local tissue invasion. In this review, we describe the state of the art of innovative biomaterials for the treatment of bone cancer. Along with physiological bone remodeling, the development of bone metastasis and osteosarcoma will be depicted. Subsequently, recent advances on nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems, as well as the application of novel, multifunctional biomaterials for the treatment of bone cancer will be discussed. Eventually, actual limitations and promising future perspectives regarding the employment of such approaches in the clinical scenario will be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.G.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d’Oltremare Pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy; (M.G.R.); (L.A.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
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22
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Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhong W, Sun C, Sun W, Wu H. Zoledronic Acid-Loaded Hybrid Hyaluronic Acid/Polyethylene Glycol/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle: Novel Fabrication and Safety Verification. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:629928. [PMID: 33659241 PMCID: PMC7917242 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.629928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor that often occurs in adolescents and children. Zoledronic acid, a new-generation bisphosphonate, has been widely used as an antitumor drug to inhibit bone metastasis. However, the rapid renal elimination results in low effective concentrations. Meanwhile, high-dose intravenous zoledronic acid administration leads to severe side effects. The present study fabricated an organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticle as the carrier of zoledronic acid. The rod-like nanoparticle, which had 150-nm length and 40-nm cross-sectional diameter, consisted of a hyaluronic acid/polyethylene glycol (HA-PEG) polymer shell and a nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) core, with zoledronic acid molecules loading on the surface of nHA and clearance of HA-PEG shell. The nanoparticle was characterized by microscopic analysis, in vitro release study, cytotoxicity analysis, and in vivo immune response examination. Results showed that the compact and stable structure could achieve high drug loading efficiency, sustained drug release, and great biocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the low cytotoxicity and acceptable immune response under low-dose nanoparticle treatment, indicating its potential application for future osteosarcoma therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine Oncolog, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Hehui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Wu Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Liu W, Wang S, Lin B, Zhang W, Ji G. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in the research of malignant musculoskeletal tumors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:149. [PMID: 33546657 PMCID: PMC7866880 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system, especially osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, pose a major threat to the lives and health of adolescents and children. Current treatments for musculoskeletal tumors mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The problems of chemotherapy resistance, poor long-term outcome of radiotherapy, and the inherent toxicity and side effects of chemical drugs make it extremely urgent to seek new treatment strategies. Main text As a potent gene editing tool, the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in recent years has prompted scientists to apply it to the study of musculoskeletal tumors. This review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the treatment of malignant musculoskeletal tumors, focusing on its essential role in the field of basic research. Conclusion CRISPR, has demonstrated strong efficacy in targeting tumor-related genes, and its future application in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal tumors is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangrong Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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24
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Xu H, Niu M, Yuan X, Wu K, Liu A. CD44 as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:36. [PMID: 33303029 PMCID: PMC7727191 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a complex transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in multiple molecular forms, including the standard isoform CD44s and CD44 variant isoforms. CD44 participates in multiple physiological processes, and aberrant expression and dysregulation of CD44 contribute to tumor initiation and progression. CD44 represents a common biomarker of cancer stem cells, and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CD44 is involved in the regulation of diverse vital signaling pathways that modulate cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis and therapy-resistance, and it is also modulated by a variety of molecules in cancer cells. In addition, CD44 can serve as an adverse prognostic marker among cancer population. The pleiotropic roles of CD44 in carcinoma potentially offering new molecular target for therapeutic intervention. Preclinical and clinical trials for evaluating the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and drug-related toxicity of CD44 monoclonal antibody have been carried out among tumors with CD44 expression. In this review, we focus on current data relevant to CD44, and outline CD44 structure, the regulation of CD44, functional properties of CD44 in carcinogenesis and cancer progression as well as the potential CD44-targeting therapy for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University: Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University: Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China. .,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aiguo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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25
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Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Chen Z, Duan Z. The role of extracelluar matrix in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:178. [PMID: 32887645 PMCID: PMC7650219 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for those with metastasis remain dismal. In addition, therapeutic regimens have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past four decades, and metastases remains a primary cause of death and obstacle in curative therapy. These limitations in care have given rise to numerous works focused on mechanisms and novel targets of OS pathogenesis, including tumor niche factors. OS is notable for its hallmark production of rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoid that goes beyond simple physiological growth support. The aberrant signaling and structural components of the ECM are rich promoters of OS development, and very recent works have shown the specific pathogenic phenotypes induced by these macromolecules. Here we summarize the current developments outlining how the ECM contributes to OS progression and metastasis with supporting mechanisms. We also illustrate the potential of tumorigenic ECM elements as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving clinical management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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26
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Ma J, Klemm J, Gerardo-Ramírez M, Frappart L, Castven D, Becker D, Zoch A, Parent R, Bartosch B, Minnich K, Giovannini M, Danckwardt S, Hartmann N, Morrison H, Herrlich P, Marquardt JU, Hartmann M. Cluster of differentiation 44 promotes osteosarcoma progression in mice lacking the tumor suppressor Merlin. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2564-2577. [PMID: 32525563 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Merlin is a versatile tumor suppressor protein encoded by the NF2 gene. Several lines of evidence suggest that Merlin exerts its tumor suppressor activity, at least in part, by forming an inhibitory complex with cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). Consistently, numerous NF2 mutations in cancer patients are predicted to perturb the interaction of Merlin with CD44. We hypothesized that disruption of the Merlin-CD44 complex through loss of Merlin, unleashes putative tumor- or metastasis-promoting functions of CD44. To evaluate the relevance of the Merlin-CD44 interaction in vivo, we compared tumor growth and progression in Cd44-positive and Cd44-negative Nf2-mutant mice. Heterozygous Nf2-mutant mice were prone to developing highly metastatic osteosarcomas. Importantly, while the absence of the Cd44 gene had no effect on the frequency of primary osteosarcoma development, it strongly diminished osteosarcoma metastasis formation in the Nf2-mutant mice. In vitro assays identified transendothelial migration as the most prominent cellular phenotype dependent on CD44. Adhesion to endothelial cells was blocked by interfering with integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4, VLA-4) on osteosarcoma cells and CD44 upregulated levels of integrin VLA-4 β1 subunit. Among other putative functions of CD44, which may contribute to the metastatic behavior, the passage through the endothelial cells also appears to be critical in vivo, as CD44 significantly promoted formation of lung metastasis upon intravenous injection of osteosarcoma cells into immunocompromised mice. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that CD44 plays a metastasis-promoting role in the absence of Merlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ma
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Janina Klemm
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucien Frappart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Darko Castven
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ansgar Zoch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Romain Parent
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052 and CNRS UMR5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Minnich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Wang S, Ma F, Feng Y, Liu T, He S. Role of exosomal miR‑21 in the tumor microenvironment and osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and progression (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1055-1063. [PMID: 32319566 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor affecting both adolescents and children. Early detection is critical for the effective treatment of the disease. Derived from cancer cells, miR‑21 contained within exosomes in the tumor microenvironment may act on both cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In human serum and plasm, the level of exosomal miR‑21 between osteosarcoma patients and healthy controls differs, supporting the role of miR‑21 as a biomarker for osteosarcoma. The involvement of a number of miR‑21 target genes in tumor progression suggests that miR‑21 may significantly affect the plasticity of cancer cells, leading to tumor progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape in osteosarcoma. Understanding the biogenesis and functions of exosomal miR‑21 is of great value for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, including osteosarcoma. The present review discusses the role of miR‑21 in the tumor microenvironment, and in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, with an aim to summarize the functions of this miRNA in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Ovarian Cancer Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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28
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Nanomedicine in osteosarcoma therapy: Micelleplexes for delivery of nucleic acids and drugs toward osteosarcoma-targeted therapies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:88-106. [PMID: 31958514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma(OS) represents the main cancer affecting bone tissue, and one of the most frequent in children. In this review we discuss the major pathological hallmarks of this pathology, its current therapeutics, new active biomolecules, as well as the nanotechnology outbreak applied to the development of innovative strategies for selective OS targeting. Small RNA molecules play a role as key-regulator molecules capable of orchestrate different responses in what concerns cancer initiation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Frequently associated with lung metastasis, new strategies are urgent to upgrade the therapeutic outcomes and the life-expectancy prospects. Hence, the prominent rise of micelleplexes as multifaceted and efficient structures for nucleic acid delivery and selective drug targeting is revisited here with special emphasis on ligand-mediated active targeting. Future landmarks toward the development of novel nanostrategies for both OS diagnosis and OS therapy improvements are also discussed.
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29
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Anwar MA, El-Baba C, Elnaggar MH, Elkholy YO, Mottawea M, Johar D, Al Shehabi TS, Kobeissy F, Moussalem C, Massaad E, Omeis I, Darwiche N, Eid AH. Novel therapeutic strategies for spinal osteosarcomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:83-92. [PMID: 31152785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the dawn of the third millennium, cancer has become the bane of twenty-first century man, and remains a predominant public health burden, affecting welfare and life expectancy globally. Spinal osteogenic sarcoma, a primary spinal malignant tumor, is a rare and challenging neoplastic disease to treat. After the conventional therapeutic modalities of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery have been exhausted, there is currently no available alternative therapy in managing cases of spinal osteosarcoma. The defining signatures of tumor survival are characterised by cancer cell ability to stonewall immunogenic attrition and apoptosis by various means. Some of these biomarkers, namely immune-checkpoints, have recently been exploited as druggable targets in osteosarcoma and many other different cancers. These promising strides made by the use of reinvigorated immunotherapeutic approaches may lead to significant reduction in spinal osteosarcoma disease burden and corresponding reciprocity in increase of survival rates. In this review, we provide the background to spinal osteosarcoma, and proceed to elaborate on contribution of the complex ecology within tumor microenvironment giving arise to cancerous immune escape, which is currently receiving considerable attention. We follow this section on the tumor microenvironment by a brief history of cancer immunity. Also, we draw on the current knowledge of treatment gained from incidences of osteosarcoma at other locations of the skeleton (long bones of the extremities in close proximity to the metaphyseal growth plates) to make a case for application of immunity-based tools, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines, and draw attention to adverse upshots of immune-checkpoint blockers as well. Finally, we describe the novel biotechnique of CRISPR/Cas9 that will assist in treatment approaches for personalized medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akhtar Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chirine El-Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muhammed H Elnaggar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen O Elkholy
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mottawea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Johar
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail University of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Moussalem
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Omeis
- Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - A H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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30
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Gazzano E, Buondonno I, Marengo A, Rolando B, Chegaev K, Kopecka J, Saponara S, Sorge M, Hattinger CM, Gasco A, Fruttero R, Brancaccio M, Serra M, Stella B, Fattal E, Arpicco S, Riganti C. Hyaluronated liposomes containing H2S-releasing doxorubicin are effective against P-glycoprotein-positive/doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells and xenografts. Cancer Lett 2019; 456:29-39. [PMID: 31047947 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (dox) is one of the first-line drug in osteosarcoma treatment but its effectiveness is limited by the efflux pump P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and by the onset of cardiotoxicity. We previously demonstrated that synthetic doxs conjugated with a H2S-releasing moiety (Sdox) were less cardiotoxic and more effective than dox against Pgp-overexpressing osteosarcoma cells. In order to increase the active delivery to tumor cells, we produced hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated liposomes containing Sdox (HA-Lsdox), exploiting the abundance of the HA receptor CD44 in osteosarcoma. HA-Lsdox showed favorable drug-release profile and higher toxicity in vitro and in vivo than dox or the FDA-approved liposomal dox Caelyx® against Pgp-overexpressing osteosarcoma, displaying the same cardiotoxicity profile of Caelyx®. Differently from dox, HA-Lsdox delivered the drug within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), inducing protein sulfhydration and ubiquitination, and activating a ER stress pro-apoptotic response mediated by CHOP. HA-Lsdox also sulfhydrated the nascent Pgp in the ER, reducing its activity. We propose HA-Lsdox as an innovative tool noteworthy to be tested in Pgp-overexpressing patients, who are frequently less responsive to standard treatments in which dox is one of the most important drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Marengo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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31
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Tang F, Min L, Seebacher NA, Li X, Zhou Y, Hornicek FJ, Wei Y, Tu C, Duan Z. Targeting mutant TP53 as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:789-798. [PMID: 30667081 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutant TP53 is a promising therapeutic target in cancers. Considering the current challenges facing the clinical treatment of cancer, as well as the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets in osteosarcomas, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of mutant TP53 in osteosarcoma patients and to explore the therapeutic effect of targeting mutant TP53 in osteosarcomas. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between mutant TP53 and the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. A CRISPR-Cas9 system and a TP53 inhibitor, NSC59984, were also used to specifically knock-out and inhibit mutant TP53 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines, KHOS, and KHOSR2. The meta-analysis demonstrated that mutations in the TP53 gene could be used to predict a poor 2-year survival in osteosarcoma patients. We also demonstrated that the expression of mutant TP53 in human osteosarcoma cell lines can be efficiently knocked-out using CRISPR-Cas9, and this decreased the proliferation, migration, and tumor formation activity of these osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, drug sensitivity to doxorubicin was increased in these TP53 knock-out osteosarcoma cells. NSC59984 also showed similar anti-tumor effects as CRISPR-Cas9 targeted TP53 in the osteosarcoma cells in vitro. We have also demonstrated that the knock-out or inhibition of mutant TP53 decreased the expression of the oncogene IGF-1R, anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, and Survivin in osteosarcoma cells. Collectively, these results suggest that mutant TP53 is a promising therapeutic target in osteosarcomas. Therefore, further studies exploring novel strategies to target mutant TP53 may help improve the treatment outcomes of osteosarcoma patients in the clinic. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Li Min
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095
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Li X, Seebacher NA, Hornicek FJ, Xiao T, Duan Z. Application of liquid biopsy in bone and soft tissue sarcomas: Present and future. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:66-77. [PMID: 30223067 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas account for approximately 1% of adult solid malignancies and 20% of pediatric solid malignancies. Sarcomas are divided into more than 50 subtypes. Each subtype is highly heterogeneous and characterized by significant morphological and phenotypic variability. Currently, sarcoma characterization is based on tissue biopsies. However, primary and invasive tissue biopsies may not accurately reflect the current disease condition following treatment as is may cause marked changes to the tumor cells. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative minimally invasive approach to provide dynamic tumor information, allowing for the application of precision medicine in the treatment of sarcomas. Recently, there have been numerous blood-based tumor components identified by liquid biopsy in sarcomas, including circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free nucleic acids, tumor-derived exosomes and metabolites in circulation. Here, we summarize the current evolving technologies and then elaborate on emerging novel concepts that may further propel the field of liquid biopsy in sarcomas. We address the applications in the context of our current knowledge about liquid biopsy in sarcomas and highlight the potential of translating these recent advances into the clinic for more effective management strategies for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, PR China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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