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Best KP, Yelland LN, Collins CT, McPhee AJ, Rogers GB, Choo J, Gibson RA, Murguia-Peniche T, Varghese J, Cooper TR, Makrides M. Growth of late preterm infants fed nutrient-enriched formula to 120 days corrected age-A randomized controlled trial. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1146089. [PMID: 37205223 PMCID: PMC10185835 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1146089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to compare the effects of nutrient-enriched formula with standard term formula on rate of body weight gain of late preterm infants appropriately grown for gestational age. Study design A multi-center, randomized, controlled trial. Late preterm infants (34-37 weeks' gestation), with weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA), were randomized to nutrient enriched formula (NEF) with increased calories (22 kcal/30 ml) from protein, added bovine milk fat globule membrane, vitamin D and butyrate or standard term formula 20 kcal/30 ml (STF). Breastfed term infants were enrolled as an observational reference group (BFR). Primary outcome was rate of body weight gain from enrollment to 120 days corrected age (d/CA). Planned sample size was 100 infants per group. Secondary outcomes included body composition, weight, head circumference and length gain, and medically confirmed adverse events to 365 d/CA. Results The trial was terminated early due to recruitment challenges and sample size was substantially reduced. 40 infants were randomized to NEF (n = 22) and STF (n = 18). 39 infants were enrolled in the BFR group. At 120 d/CA there was no evidence of a difference in weight gain between randomized groups (mean difference 1.77 g/day, 95% CI, -1.63 to 5.18, P = 0.31). Secondary outcomes showed a significant reduction in risk of infectious illness in the NEF group at 120 d/CA [relative risk 0.37 (95% CI, 0.16-0.85), P = 0.02]. Conclusion We saw no difference in rate of body weight gain between AGA late preterm infants fed NEF compared to STF. Results should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size. Clinical Trial Registration The Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12618000092291). "mailto:maria.makrides@sahmri.com" maria.makrides@sahmri.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Best
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa N. Yelland
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carmel T. Collins
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McPhee
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Choo
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Robert A. Gibson
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Teresa Murguia-Peniche
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Evansville, IN, United States
- Medical Sciences, Mead Johnson Nutrition|Reckitt, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Jojy Varghese
- Department of Neonatology, Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy R. Cooper
- Medical Sciences, Mead Johnson Nutrition|Reckitt, Evansville, IN, United States
| | - Maria Makrides
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: Maria Makrides
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Jiang B, Xia Y, Zhou L, Liang X, Chen X, Chen M, Li X, Lin S, Zhang N, Zheng L, Tao M, Petocz P, Gallier S, Rowan A, Wang B. Safety and tolerance assessment of milk fat globule membrane-enriched infant formulas in healthy term Chinese infants: a randomised multicenter controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:465. [PMID: 35918695 PMCID: PMC9347101 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), natural to breast milk, is essential for neonatal development, but lacking from standard infant formulas. Objectives To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MFGM supplementation in formula for infants 0 to 12 months. Methods In a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial, healthy term infants were randomized to a standard formula (SF, n = 104) or an MFGM-enriched formula (MF, n = 108) for 6 months and a corresponding follow-on formula until 12 months. Exclusively breast-fed infants (n = 206) were recruited as the reference group (BFR). Tolerance and safety events were recorded continuously. Anthropometric measurements were assessed at enrolment, 42 days and 4, 6, 8 and 12 months. Results Infants (n = 375) completed the study with average dropout of < 20%. Stool frequency, color, and consistency between SF and MF were not significantly different throughout, except the incidence of loose stools in MF at 6 months being lower than for SF (odds ratio 0.216, P < 0.05) and the frequency of green-colored stools at 12 months being higher in MF (CI 95%, odds ratio 8.92, P < 0.05). The BFR had a higher frequency of golden stools and lower rate of green stools (4–6 months) than the two formula-fed groups (P < 0.05). SF displayed more diarrhoea (4.8%) than MF (1%) and BFR (1%) at the 8-month visit (P < 0.05). BFR (0–1%) had significantly less (P < 0.05) lower respiratory infections than MF (4.6–6.5%) and SF (2.9–5.8%) at 6- and 8-months, respectively. Formula intake, frequency of spit-up/vomiting or poor sleep were similar between SF and MF. Growth rate (g/day) was similar at 4, 6, 8 and 12 months between the 3 groups, but growth rate for BFR was significantly higher than for SF and MF at 42 days (95% CI, P = 0.001). Conclusions MFGM-enriched formula was safe and well-tolerated in healthy term infants between 0 and 12 months, and total incidences of adverse events were similar to that for the SF group. A few differences in formula tolerance were observed, however these differences were not in any way related to poor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoWen Jiang
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - LiHong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China
| | - XiaoYing Liang
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - XuHui Chen
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuqing, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | | | - XiaoXia Li
- Second Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Nai Zhang
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuqing, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Miao Tao
- Maternal &, Child Health Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Peter Petocz
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sophie Gallier
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group Limited, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Angela Rowan
- Fonterra Co-Operative Group Limited, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, 361005, China.
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3
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Mohamed HJJ, Lee EKH, Woo KCK, Sarvananthan R, Lee YY, Zabidi‐Hussin ZAMH. Brain
–
immune
–
gut
benefits with early life supplementation of milk fat globule membrane. JGH OPEN 2022; 6:454-461. [PMID: 35822117 PMCID: PMC9260205 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has been recognized as a milk component for more than 60 years, but its exact benefits remain unknown. Research on human MFGM has revealed that the membrane holds a host of bioactive components with potential benefits for the brain–immune–gut (BiG) axis in early life. Gangliosides and sphingomyelin, components within the MFGM, have been included in infant formulas for many years. Recent advancements in dairy milk processing have allowed the successful separation of MFGM from bovine milk, enabling it to be used for supplementing infant formulas. Evidence indicates the potential benefits of MFGM in early life supplementation, including better cognitive development, reduction of infection risks, and modulation of the gut microbiome. However, larger and more robust randomized trials are needed, in addition to long‐term outcome data beyond the infancy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan Malaysia
| | - ZAMH Zabidi‐Hussin
- School of Medicine International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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4
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Nieto-Ruiz A, García-Santos JA, Verdejo-Román J, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Herrmann F, Cerdó T, De-Castellar R, Jiménez J, Bermúdez MG, Pérez-García M, Miranda MT, López-Sabater MC, Catena A, Campoy C. Infant Formula Supplemented With Milk Fat Globule Membrane, Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, and Synbiotics Is Associated With Neurocognitive Function and Brain Structure of Healthy Children Aged 6 Years: The COGNIS Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:820224. [PMID: 35356726 PMCID: PMC8959863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.820224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate nutrient intake during the first few months of life plays a critical role on brain structure and function development. Objectives To analyze the long-term effects of an experimental infant formula (EF) on neurocognitive function and brain structure in healthy children aged 6 years compared to those fed with a standard infant formula or breastfed. Methods The current study involved 108 healthy children aged 6 years and participating in the COGNIS Study. At 0-2 months, infants were randomized to receive up to 18 months of life a standard infant formula (SF) or EF enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and synbiotics. Furthermore, a reference group of breastfed (BF) infants were also recruited. Children were assessed using neurocognitive tests and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 6 years old. Results Experimental infant formula (EF) children showed greater volumes in the left orbital cortex, higher vocabulary scores and IQ, and better performance in an attention task than BF children. EF children also presented greater volumes in parietal regions than SF kids. Additionally, greater cortical thickness in the insular, parietal, and temporal areas were found in children from the EF group than those fed with SF or BF groups. Further correlation analyses suggest that higher volumes and cortical thickness of different parietal and frontal regions are associated with better cognitive development in terms of language (verbal comprehension) and executive function (working memory). Finally, arachidonic acid (ARA), adrenic acid (AdA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, ARA/DHA ratio, and protein, fatty acid, and mineral intake during the first 18 months of life seem to be associated with changes in the brain structures at 6 years old. Conclusions Supplemented infant formula with MFGM components, LC-PUFAs, and synbiotics seems to be associated to long-term effects on neurocognitive development and brain structure in children at 6 years old. Clinical Trial Registration https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02094547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José A. García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Román
- Department of Personality, Assessment & Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Florian Herrmann
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mercedes G. Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Department of Personality, Assessment & Psychological Treatment, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre—CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Miranda
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Carmen López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- National Network of Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (Barcelona's Node), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre—CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- National Network of Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (Granada's Node), Madrid, Spain
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Pan Y, Liu L, Tian S, Li X, Hussain M, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Leng Y, Jiang S, Liang S. Comparative analysis of interfacial composition and structure of fat globules in human milk and infant formulas. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Zeinali LI, Giuliano S, Lakshminrusimha S, Underwood MA. Intestinal Dysbiosis in the Infant and the Future of Lacto-Engineering to Shape the Developing Intestinal Microbiome. Clin Ther 2021; 44:193-214.e1. [PMID: 34922744 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to review the role of human milk in shaping the infant intestinal microbiota and the potential of human milk bioactive molecules to reverse trends of increasing intestinal dysbiosis and dysbiosis-associated diseases. METHODS This narrative review was based on recent and historic literature. FINDINGS Human milk immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, milk fat globule membranes, and bile salt-stimulating lipase are complex multifunctional bioactive molecules that, among other important functions, shape the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota. IMPLICATIONS The co-evolution of human milk components and human milk-consuming commensal anaerobes many thousands of years ago resulted in a stable low-diversity infant microbiota. Over the past century, the introduction of antibiotics and modern hygiene practices plus changes in the care of newborns have led to significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with associated increases in risk of dysbiosis-associated disease. A better understanding of mechanisms by which human milk shapes the intestinal microbiota of the infant during a vulnerable period of development of the immune system is needed to alter the current trajectory and decrease intestinal dysbiosis and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida I Zeinali
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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7
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Han D, Pi Y, Tao S, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhao J, Chen L, Wang J. Early life administration of milk fat globule membrane promoted SCFA-producing bacteria colonization, intestinal barriers and growth performance of neonatal piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:346-355. [PMID: 34258422 PMCID: PMC8245794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) possesses various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals, whereas its effects on neonatal gut microbiota and barrier integrity remained unclear. This study investigated the effects of MFGM administration on microbial compositions and intestinal barrier functions of neonatal piglets. Sixteen newborn piglets were randomly allocated into a CON group or MFGM group, orally administered with saline or MFGM solution (1 g/kg body weight) respectively during the first postnatal week, and all piglets were breastfed during the whole neonatal period. The present study found that the MFGM oral administration during the first postnatal week increased the plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G level, body weight and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05) on 21 d. Additionally, MFGM administration enriched fecal SCFA-producing bacteria (Ruminococ aceae_UCG-002, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-010, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-004, Ruminococ aceae_UCG-014 and [Ruminococcus]_gauvrearuii_group), SCFA concentrations (acetate, propionate and butyrate; P < 0.05) and their receptor (G-protein coupled receptor 41, GPR41). Furthermore, MFGM administration promoted intestinal villus morphology (P < 0.05) and barrier functions by upregulating genes of tight junctions (E-cadherin, claudin-1, occludin and zonula occludin 1 [ZO-1]), mucins (mucin-13 and mucin-20) and interleukin (IL)-22 (P < 0.05). Positive correlation was found between the beneficial microbes and SCFA levels pairwise with the intestinal barrier genes (P < 0.05). In conclusion, orally administrating MFGM during the first postnatal week stimulated SCFA-producing bacteria colonization and SCFA generation, enhanced intestinal barrier functions and consequently improved growth performance of neonatal piglets on 21 d. Our findings will provide new insights about MFGM intervention for microbial colonization and intestinal development of neonates during their early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100163, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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8
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Sabha BH, Masood A, Alanazi IO, Alfadda AA, Almehdar HA, Benabdelkamel H, Redwan EM. Comparative Analysis of Milk Fat Globular Membrane (MFGM) Proteome between Saudi Arabia Camelus dromedary Safra and Wadha Breeds. Molecules 2020; 25:E2146. [PMID: 32375319 PMCID: PMC7249027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel milk is traditionally known to have medicinal properties and many potential health benefits. Natural milk contains many soluble proteins and nanoparticles, such as a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a three-layered membrane covering of milk fat globule mainly composed of proteins and lipids, which plays an important role in human health. MFGM proteins account for 1%-4% of total milk proteins, and their nutritive value and distribution depends on the different breeds. The differential composition of these membrane proteins among different camel breeds has not been explored. The current study, therefore, aimed to quantitatively analyze and compare the MFGM proteome between the milk produced by the two most common Saudi camel breeds, Camelus dromedarius: Safra and Wadha. Two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 44 MFGM proteins that were identified with a significant difference in abundance (p ≤ 0.05; fold change ≥ 1.5) between the two breeds. Thirty-one proteins were up-regulated and 13 proteins were down-regulated in the Safra breed compared to the Wadha breed. The proteins identified with an increased abundance included α-lactalbumin, lactadherin, and annexin a8, whereas the down-regulated proteins included butyrophilin subfamily 1 member a1, lactotransferrin, and vinculin. The differentially abundant proteins were analyzed by the UNIPROT system and gene ontology (GO) to reveal their associations with known biological functions and pathways. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed the 2D-DIGE findings of butyrophilin (BTN) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) levels obtained from Safra and Wadha breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam H. Sabha
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Afshan Masood
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim O. Alanazi
- The National Center for Genomic Technology (NCGT), Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), PO Box 6086, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (B.H.S.); (H.A.A.)
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9
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Nieto-Ruiz A, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, Catena E, Jiménez J, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Catena A, Miranda MT, García-Santos JA, G. Bermúdez M, Campoy C. Influence of a Functional Nutrients-Enriched Infant Formula on Language Development in Healthy Children at Four Years Old. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020535. [PMID: 32092927 PMCID: PMC7071497 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition during early life is essential for brain development and establishes the basis for cognitive and language skills development. It is well established that breastfeeding, compared to formula feeding, has been traditionally associated with increased neurodevelopmental scores up to early adulthood. We analyzed the long-term effects of a new infant formula enriched with bioactive compounds on healthy children's language development at four years old. In a randomized double-blind COGNIS study, 122 children attended the follow-up call at four years. From them, 89 children were fed a standard infant formula (SF, n = 46) or an experimental infant formula enriched with functional nutrients (EF, n = 43) during their first 18 months of life. As a reference group, 33 exclusively breastfed (BF) were included. Language development was assessed using the Oral Language Task of Navarra-Revised (PLON-R). ANCOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression models were performed. EF children seemed to show higher scores in use of language and oral spontaneous expression than SF children, and both SF and EF groups did not differ from the BF group. Moreover, it seems that SF children were more frequently categorized into "need to improve and delayed" in the use of language than EF children, and might more frequently present "need to improve and delayed" in the PLON-R total score than BF children. Finally, the results suggest that SF children presented a higher risk of suffering language development than BF children. Secondary analysis also showed a slight trend between low socioeconomic status and poorer language skills. The functional compound-enriched infant formula seems to be associated with beneficial long-term effects in the development of child's language at four years old in a similar way to breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Elvira Catena
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Jiménez
- Ordesa Laboratories, S.L., 08820 Barcelona, Spain; (J.J.); (M.R.-P.)
| | | | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - M. Teresa Miranda
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes G. Bermúdez
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.N.-R.); (E.D.); (E.C.); (J.A.G.-S.); (M.G.B.)
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Health Sciences Technological Park, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada’s node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-308-695
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10
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Ramiro-Cortijo D, Singh P, Liu Y, Medina-Morales E, Yakah W, Freedman SD, Martin CR. Breast Milk Lipids and Fatty Acids in Regulating Neonatal Intestinal Development and Protecting against Intestinal Injury. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020534. [PMID: 32092925 PMCID: PMC7071444 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infant growth and development. Breast milk fats and their downstream derivatives of fatty acids and fatty acid-derived terminal mediators not only provide an energy source but also are important regulators of development, immune function, and metabolism. The composition of the lipids and fatty acids determines the nutritional and physicochemical properties of human milk fat. Essential fatty acids, including long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and specialized pro-resolving mediators, are critical for growth, organogenesis, and regulation of inflammation. Combined data including in vitro, in vivo, and human cohort studies support the beneficial effects of human breast milk in intestinal development and in reducing the risk of intestinal injury. Human milk has been shown to reduce the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Preterm infants fed human breast milk are less likely to develop NEC compared to preterm infants receiving infant formula. Intestinal development and its physiological functions are highly adaptive to changes in nutritional status influencing the susceptibility towards intestinal injury in response to pathological challenges. In this review, we focus on lipids and fatty acids present in breast milk and their impact on neonatal gut development and the risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.-C.); (P.S.); (Y.L.); (E.M.-M.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.-C.); (P.S.); (Y.L.); (E.M.-M.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.-C.); (P.S.); (Y.L.); (E.M.-M.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Esli Medina-Morales
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.-C.); (P.S.); (Y.L.); (E.M.-M.); (S.D.F.)
| | - William Yakah
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Steven D. Freedman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (D.R.-C.); (P.S.); (Y.L.); (E.M.-M.); (S.D.F.)
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Camilia R. Martin
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Division of Translational Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Nieto-Ruiz A, García-Santos JA, Bermúdez MG, Herrmann F, Diéguez E, Sepúlveda-Valbuena N, García S, Miranda MT, De-Castellar R, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Catena A, Campoy C. Cortical Visual Evoked Potentials and Growth in Infants Fed with Bioactive Compounds-Enriched Infant Formula: Results from COGNIS Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102456. [PMID: 31615134 PMCID: PMC6835488 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal nutrition is essential for growth and neurodevelopment. We analyzed the influence of a new enriched-infant formula with bioactive compounds on growth, neurodevelopment, and visual function (VF) in healthy infants during their first 18 months of life. A total of 170 infants were randomized in the COGNIS randomized clinical trial (RCT) to receive a standard infant formula (SF = 85) or a new experimental infant formula supplemented with functional nutrients (EF = 85). As a control, 50 breastfed infants (BF) were enrolled. Growth patterns were evaluated up to 18 months of life; neurodevelopment was assessed by general movements at 2, 3, and 4 months; VF was measured by cortical visual evoked potentials at 3 and 12 months. No differences in growth and neurodevelopment were found between groups. Regarding VF, SF and EF infants presented prolonged latencies and lower amplitudes in the P100 wave than BF infants. In the EF group, a higher percentage of infants presented response at 7½′ of arc at 12 months compared to 3 months of age; a similar proportion of BF and EF infants presented responses at 7½′ of arc at 12 months of age. Early nutritional intervention with bioactive compounds could narrow the gap in growth and neurodevelopment between breastfed and formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| | - José Antonio García-Santos
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Mercedes G Bermúdez
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Florian Herrmann
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Diéguez
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Natalia Sepúlveda-Valbuena
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.
| | - Salomé García
- Clinical Service of Neurophysiology, Clinical University Hospital San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Miranda
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Granada,18016 Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - Andrés Catena
- Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada´s Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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