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Zhang Z, Cao B, Wu Q. Causality of Genetically Determined Metabolites on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study In Silico. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38742978 DOI: 10.1089/met.2024.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with metabolic disorders. However, the evidence for the causality of circulating metabolites to promote or prevent CKD is still lacking. Methods: The two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the latent causal relationship between the genetically proxied 486 blood metabolites and CKD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for exposures were derived from 7824 European GWAS on metabolite levels, which have been extensively utilized in the medical field to elucidate the mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. The random inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary analysis for causality analysis while MR-Egger and weighted median as complementary analyses. For the further identification of metabolites, reverse MR and linkage disequilibrium score regression were performed for further evaluation. The drug target for N-acetylornithine was subsequently supplemented into the analysis, with MR and colocalization analysis being utilized. Key metabolic pathways were identified via MetaboAnalyst 4.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/) online website. Results: N-acetylornithine was identified as a reliable metabolite that increases the susceptibility to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decrease (β = 0.047; 95% confidence interval: -0.068 to -0.026; PIVW = 1.5E-5). The "glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism" pathway showed significant relevance to CKD development (P = 6E-4), whereas the "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism" pathway was also recognized as associated with CKD by general practitioners (P = 7E-4). Colocalization analysis revealed a robust genetic link between N-acetylornithine and both CKD and eGFR, with 85.1% and 99.4% colocalization rates, respectively. IVW-MR analysis substantiated these findings with a significant positive association for CKD (odds ratio = 1.43, P = 4.7E-5) and a negative correlation with eGFR (b = -0.04, P = 1.13E-31). Conclusions: MR was utilized to explore the potential causal links between 61 genetic serum metabolites and CKD. N-acetylornithine and NAT8 were further explored as a potential therapeutic target for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Zhang
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Cao
- Academy of Paediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiutong Wu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang M, Shi F, Chen Y, Yang C, Zhang X, Deng C, Sun N. Straightforward Creation of Multishell Hollow Hybrids for an Integrated Metabolic Monitoring System in Disease Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400941. [PMID: 38529737 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Multidimensional metabolic analysis has become a new trend in establishing efficient disease monitoring systems, as the constraints associated with relying solely on a single dimension in refined monitoring are increasingly pronounced. Here, coordination polymers are employed as derivative precursors to create multishell hollow hybrids, developing an integrated metabolic monitoring system. Briefly, metabolic fingerprints are extracted from hundreds of serum samples and urine samples, encompassing not only membranous nephropathy but also related diseases, using high-throughput mass spectrometry. With optimized algorithm and initial feature selection, the established combined panel demonstrates enhanced accuracy in both subtype differentiation (over 98.1%) and prognostic monitoring (over 95.6%), even during double blind test. This surpasses the serum biomarker panel (≈90.7% for subtyping, ≈89.7% for prognosis) and urine biomarker panel (≈94.4% for subtyping, ≈76.5% for prognosis). Moreover, after attempting to further refine the marker panel, the blind test maintains equal sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, showcasing a comprehensive improvement over the single-fluid approach. This underscores the remarkable effectiveness and superiority of the integrated strategy in discriminating between MN and other groups. This work has the potential to significantly advance diagnostic medicine, leading to the establishment of more effective strategies for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fangying Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Fu X, Luo ZX, Yin HH, Liu YN, Du XG, Cheng W, Liu JY. Metabolomics study reveals blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117815. [PMID: 38309556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes low quality of life and alarming morbidity and mortality. The crucial to retard CKD progression is to diagnose early for timely treatment. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a typical CKD and the most common glomerulonephritis. Both CKD and IgAN lack accurate and sensitive blood biomarkers for early diagnosis. Here we report the potential of plasma biomarkers for early diagnosis of CKD and IgAN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma levels of metabolites derived from tryptophan were quantified with an LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics for two cohorts. Based on the predictive probability of each metabolite, multivariate models including logistic regression and random forest were used to establish the early diagnostic biomarkers for CKD and IgAN. RESULTS The plasma melatonin diagnosed early CKD (stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ) with an accuracy exceeding 95%, and a panel of melatonin and tryptophan achieved a remarkable 100% accuracy in diagnosing early CKD. Furthermore, indole-3-lactic acid had an excellent ability to distinguish IgAN among CKD patients. Based on the CKD screening and IgAN diagnosis primarily contributed by melatonin and indole-3-lactic acid, early IgAN could be diagnosed with an accuracy of over 85%. CONCLUSIONS This study provides promising plasma biomarkers for early diagnosis of CKD and IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Anesthesia Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Luo
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hou-Hua Yin
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Anesthesia Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Anesthesia Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- CNTTI of the Institute of Life Sciences & Anesthesia Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400016, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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4
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Qu Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Su C, Qian C, Pan J, Zhu Y, Shi A. Role of metabolomic profile as a potential marker to discriminate membranous nephropathy from IgA nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:635-651. [PMID: 37452988 PMCID: PMC10808257 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membranous nephropathy (MN) and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are the most common primary glomerulopathies worldwide. The systemic metabolic changes in the progression of MN and IgAN are not fully understood. METHODS A total of 87 and 70 patients with MN and IgAN, respectively, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to explore the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in the early stage of MN and IgAN. To judge the diagnostic ability of biomarkers, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC) were performed. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) suggested that patients with MN and IgAN showed an obvious separation trend from the healthy controls. In addition, 155 and 148 metabolites were identified to be significantly altered in the MN and IgAN groups, respectively. Of these, 70 metabolites were markedly altered in both disease groups; six metabolites, including L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), indoleacetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindoleacetylglycine, and N-alpha-acetyllysine, showed the opposite tendency. The most affected metabolic pathways included the amino acid metabolic pathways, citrate cycle, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and hormone signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Substantial metabolic disorders occurred during the progression of MN and IgAN. L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, GABA, indoleacetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindoleacetylglycine, and N-alpha-acetyllysine may show potential as biomarkers for the identification of MN and IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunjin Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyue Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Aiming Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Ibos KE, Bodnár É, Dinh H, Kis M, Márványkövi F, Kovács ZZA, Siska A, Földesi I, Galla Z, Monostori P, Szatmári I, Simon P, Sárközy M, Csabafi K. Chronic kidney disease may evoke anxiety by altering CRH expression in the amygdala and tryptophan metabolism in rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:179-196. [PMID: 37989901 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with anxiety; however, its exact mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of moderate CKD on anxiety in rats. 5/6 nephrectomy was performed in male Wistar rats. 7 weeks after, anxiety-like behavior was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), and marble burying (MB) tests. At weeks 8 and 9, urinalysis was performed, and blood and amygdala samples were collected, respectively. In the amygdala, the gene expression of Avp and the gene and protein expression of Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2 were analyzed. Furthermore, the plasma concentration of corticosterone, uremic toxins, and tryptophan metabolites was measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. Laboratory tests confirmed the development of CKD. In the CKD group, the closed arm time increased; the central time and the total number of entries decreased in the EPM. There was a reduction in rearing, central distance and time in the OF, and fewer interactions with marbles were detected during MB. CKD evoked an upregulation of gene expression of Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2, but not Avp, in the amygdala. However, there was no alteration in protein expression. In the CKD group, plasma concentrations of p-cresyl-sulfate, indoxyl-sulfate, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid increased. However, the levels of tryptophan, tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and tyrosine decreased. In conclusion, moderate CKD evoked anxiety-like behavior that might be mediated by the accumulation of uremic toxins and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, but the contribution of the amygdalar CRH system to the development of anxiety seems to be negligible at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eszter Ibos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
| | - Éva Bodnár
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Hoa Dinh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong Street, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Merse Kis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Fanni Márványkövi
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Z A Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Galla
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35-36 Temesvári körút, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Monostori
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35-36 Temesvári körút, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös utca, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Simon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös utca, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csabafi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
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Chini CCS, Cordeiro HS, Tran NLK, Chini EN. NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13920. [PMID: 37424179 PMCID: PMC10776128 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The geroscience hypothesis proposes that addressing the biology of aging could directly prevent the onset or mitigate the severity of multiple chronic diseases. Understanding the interplay between key aspects of the biological hallmarks of aging is essential in delivering the promises of the geroscience hypothesis. Notably, the nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) interfaces with several biological hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence, and changes in NAD metabolism have been shown to be involved in the aging process. The relationship between NAD metabolism and cellular senescence appears to be complex. On the one hand, the accumulation of DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by low NAD+ can promote the development of senescence. On the other hand, the low NAD+ state that occurs during aging may inhibit SASP development as this secretory phenotype and the development of cellular senescence are both highly metabolically demanding. However, to date, the impact of NAD+ metabolism on the progression of the cellular senescence phenotype has not been fully characterized. Therefore, to explore the implications of NAD metabolism and NAD replacement therapies, it is essential to consider their interactions with other hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between NAD boosting strategies and senolytic agents is necessary to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Christiano Silva Chini
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Heidi Soares Cordeiro
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ngan Le Kim Tran
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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Gao L, Huang X, Deng R, Wu S, Peng Y, Xiong G, Lu J, Liu X. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula alleviates renal fibrosis by restoring NAD+ biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 16:106-128. [PMID: 38157259 PMCID: PMC10817388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lack efficacious treatment. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in treating CKD for decades. However, its renoprotective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether JPYSF could delay renal fibrosis progression in CKD by restoring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. METHODS Adenine-diet feeding was used to model CKD in C57BL/6 mice. JPYSF was orally administered for 4 weeks. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) with or without JPYSF treatment. Renal function of mice was assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Renal histopathological changes were assessed using Periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. Cell viability was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 assay. NAD+ concentrations were detected by a NAD+/NADH assay kit. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were employed to examine fibrosis-related proteins and key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes expression in the CKD kidney and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. RESULTS JPYSF treatment could not only improve renal function and pathological injury but also inhibit renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Additionally, JPYSF reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, JPYSF rescued the decreased NAD+ content in CKD mice and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells through restoring expression of key enzymes in NAD+ biosynthesis, including quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, and nicotinamide riboside kinase 1. CONCLUSIONS JPYSF alleviated renal fibrosis in CKD mice and reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells, which may be related to the restoration of NAD+ biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
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8
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Liu JJ, Ching J, Wee HN, Liu S, Gurung RL, Lee J, M Y, Zheng H, Lee LS, Ang K, Shao YM, Kovalik JP, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Sharma K, Kestenbaum BR, Lim SC. Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Risk for Progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2223-2231. [PMID: 37796480 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to study the associations between plasma metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid concentrations were measured in discovery (n = 1,915) and replication (n = 346) cohorts. External validation was performed in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) participants with diabetes (n = 1,312). The primary outcome was a composite of incident ESKD (progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, sustained dialysis, or renal death). The secondary outcome was annual eGFR decline. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, tryptophan was inversely associated with risk for ESKD, and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) was positively associated with risk for ESKD after adjustment for clinical risk factors, including baseline eGFR and albuminuria (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] 0.62 [95% CI 0.51, 0.75] and 1.48 [1.20, 1.84] per 1 SD). High levels of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid were associated with low risks of ESKD (0.74 [0.60, 0.91] and 0.74 [0.60, 0.91]). Consistently, high levels of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid were independently associated with a slower eGFR decline, while a high KTR was predictive of a faster eGFR decline. Similar outcomes were obtained in the replication cohort. Furthermore, the inverse association between kynurenic acid and risk of ESKD was externally validated in CRIC participants with diabetes (adjusted HR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Accelerated catabolism of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway may be involved in progressive loss of kidney function. However, shunting the kynurenine pathway toward the kynurenic acid branch may potentially slow renal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Janus Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yiamunaa M
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Huili Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Precision Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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9
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Zhao L, Hao Y, Tang S, Han X, Li R, Zhou X. Energy metabolic reprogramming regulates programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells and might serve as a new therapeutic target for acute kidney injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1276217. [PMID: 38054182 PMCID: PMC10694365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1276217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induces significant energy metabolic reprogramming in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), thereby altering lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The changes in lipid metabolism encompass not only the downregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) but also changes in cell membrane lipids and triglycerides metabolism. Regarding glucose metabolism, AKI leads to increased glycolysis, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and upregulation of the polyol pathway. Research indicates that inhibiting glycolysis, promoting the PPP, and blocking the polyol pathway exhibit a protective effect on AKI-affected kidneys. Additionally, changes in amino acid metabolism, including branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan, play an important role in AKI progression. These metabolic changes are closely related to the programmed cell death of renal TECs, involving autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Notably, abnormal intracellular lipid accumulation can impede autophagic clearance, further exacerbating lipid accumulation and compromising autophagic function, forming a vicious cycle. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of ameliorating AKI-induced kidney damage through calorie and dietary restriction. Consequently, modifying the energy metabolism of renal TECs and dietary patterns may be an effective strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Pellicano C, Vaiarello V, Colalillo A, Gigante A, Iannazzo F, Rosato E. Role of kinurenic acid in the systemic sclerosis renal involvement. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1713-1719. [PMID: 36436115 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) subclinical renal vasculopathy is characterized by progressive increase of intrarenal stiffness and reduction of parenchymal thickness due to post ischemic fibrosis secondary to the renal Raynaud phenomenon. Aims of this study were to evaluate kinurenic acid (KYNA) serum level in SSc patients and healthy controls (HC) and to assess the role of KYNA in SSc subclinical nephropathy. Serum level of KYNA was evaluated in 52 SSc patients and 20 HC, matched for sex and age. Renal function was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and renal doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate kidneys' morphology and indices of intrarenal stiffness. The parameters registered were renal longitudinal length, atrophy index (AI), renal sinus, parenchymal thickness, renal resistive index (RRI), pulsatile index (PI) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D). SSc patients had lower median value of KYNA than HC [54.43 ng/ml (IQR 44.44-63.64) vs 61.94 ng/ml (IQR 55.23-88.75), p < 0.001]. SSc patients with AI ≥ 0.70 had lower KYNA than SSc patients with AI < 0.70 [47.85 ng/ml (IQR 41.16-59.91) vs 55.5 ng/ml (IQR 49.99-67.33), p < 0.05] and a slightly significant negative linear correlation was found between KYNA and AI (r = - 0.249, p < 0.05). SSc patient with RRI ≥ 0.70 had higher KYNA than SSc patients with RRI < 0.70 [58.25 ng/ml (IQR 50.49-69.68) vs 50.07 ng/ml (IQR 42.70-56.31), p < 0.05] and a significant positive correlation was found between KYNA and RRI (r = 0.318, p < 0.05). KYNA may be used as a marker to evaluate the renal involvement in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pellicano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaiarello
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Colalillo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gigante
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Iannazzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Dell'Università 37, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Liu Z, Jin L, Ma Z, Nizhamuding X, Zeng J, Zhang T, Zhang J, Zhou W, Zhang C. Abnormal kynurenine-pathway metabolites in gout: Biomarkers exploration based on orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 549:117531. [PMID: 37673380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate serological characteristics of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites in healthy controls (HC) and gout patients and explore possible differential metabolites. METHODS A total of 191 individual fresh residual sera was collected from 129 HC and 62 gout patients. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was fully validated to measure 6 metabolites, including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA), and neopterin (NEO). Supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and differential metabolite screening with fold change (FC) were performed to identify intrinsic variations and differential levels of KP metabolites between the HC and gout groups. Logistic regression was used to assess the contributions of KP metabolites to gout. RESULTS There were significant decreases of TRP, 5HT, XA, and NEO and increases of KYN, KA, KA/KYN, and KYN/TRP in gout patients compared to the HC group (all p < 0.05). KP metabolites of the gout group showed good discrimination from those of the HC group (Q2: 0.892). Two distinct different metabolites were identified in gout, i.e., XA (FC: 0.56, p < 0.01) and NEO (FC: 0.34, p < 0.01). Of the KP metabolites, KYN was strongly associated with gout (OR: 7.91, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal levels of serum KP metabolites were observed in gout. XA and NEO are promising biomarkers that were relevant to the status of gout. The level of KYN could be an attractive checkpoint for the management of gout. Continuous monitoring of KP metabolism in gout provides new opportunities to predict therapeutic efficacy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Liu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lizi Jin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijia Ma
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaerbanu Nizhamuding
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China.
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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12
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Adebayo D, Wong F. Pathophysiology of Hepatorenal Syndrome - Acute Kidney Injury. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:S1-S10. [PMID: 37625861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatorenal syndrome is a complication of liver cirrhosis with ascites that results from the complex interplay of many pathogenetic mechanisms. Advanced cirrhosis is characterized by the development of hemodynamic changes of splanchnic and systemic arterial vasodilatation, with paradoxical renal vasoconstriction and renal hypoperfusion. Cirrhosis is also an inflammatory state. The inflammatory cascade is initiated by a portal hypertension-induced increased translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, and endotoxins from the gut to the splanchnic and then to the systemic circulation. The inflammation, whether sterile or related to infection, is responsible for renal microcirculatory dysfunction, microthrombi formation, renal tubular oxidative stress, and tubular damage. Of course, many of the bacterial products also have vasodilatory properties, potentially exaggerating the state of vasodilatation and worsening the hemodynamic instability in these patients. The presence of cardiac dysfunction, related to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, with its associated systolic incompetence, can aggravate the mismatch between the circulatory capacitance and the circulation volume, worsening the extent of the effective arterial underfilling, with lower renal perfusion pressure, contributing to renal hypoperfusion and increasing the risk for development of acute kidney injury. The presence of tense ascites can exert an intra-abdominal compartmental syndrome effect on the renal circulation, causing renal congestion and hampering glomerular filtration. Other contributing factors to renal dysfunction include the tubular damaging effects of cholestasis and adrenal dysfunction. Future developments include the use of metabolomics to identify metabolic pathways that can lead to the development of renal dysfunction, with the potential of identifying biomarkers for early diagnosis of renal dysfunction and the development of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Adebayo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Berkshire National Health Service Foundation Trust, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Ma H, Zhang X, Liu L, Huang Y, Sun S, Chen K, Xin Q, Liu P, Yan Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu H, Zhao R, Tan K, Chen X, Yuan X, Li Y, Liu Y, Dai H, Liu C, Wang H, Zhang XD. Bioactive NIR-II gold clusters for three-dimensional imaging and acute inflammation inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh7828. [PMID: 37531420 PMCID: PMC10396295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong fluorescence and high catalytic activities cannot be achieved simultaneously due to conflicts in free electron utilization, resulting in a lack of bioactivity of most near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorophores. To circumvent this challenge, we developed atomically precise Au22 clusters with strong NIR-II fluorescence ranging from 950 to 1300 nm exhibiting potent enzyme-mimetic activities through atomic engineering to create active Cu single-atom sites. The developed Au21Cu1 clusters show 18-fold higher antioxidant, 90-fold higher catalase-like, and 3-fold higher superoxide dismutase-like activities than Au22 clusters, with negligible fluorescence loss. Doping with single Cu atoms decreases the bandgap from 1.33 to 1.28 eV by predominant contributions from Cu d states, and Cu with lost electron states effectuates high catalytic activities. The renal clearable clusters can monitor cisplatin-induced renal injury in the 20- to 120-minute window and visualize it in three dimensions using NIR-II light-sheet microscopy. Furthermore, the clusters inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation in the cisplatin-treated mouse model, particularly in the kidneys and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - You Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haile Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruoli Zhao
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kexin Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinzhu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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14
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Amini Khiabani S, Asgharzadeh M, Samadi Kafil H. Chronic kidney disease and gut microbiota. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18991. [PMID: 37609403 PMCID: PMC10440536 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a range of various pathophysiological processes correlated with abnormal renal function and a progressive loss in GFR. Just as dysbiosis and altered pathology of the gut are accompanied with hypertension, which is a significant CKD risk factor. Gut dysbiosis in CKD patients is associated with an elevated levels of uremic toxins, which in turn increases the CKD progression. According to research results, the gut-kidney axis has a role in the formation of kidney stones, also in IgAN. A number of researchers have categorized the gut microbiota as enterotypes, and others, skeptical of theory of enterotypes, have suggested biomarkers to describe taxa that related to lifestyle, nutrition, and disease status. Metabolome-microbiome studies have been used to investigate the interactions of host-gut microbiota in terms of the involvement of metabolites in these interactions and are yielded promising results. The correlation between gut microbiota and CKD requires further multi-omic researches. Also, with regard to systems biology, studies on the communication network of proteins and transporters such as SLC and ABC, can help us achieve a deeper understanding of the gut-liver-kidney axis communication and can thus provide promising new horizons in the treatment of CKD patients. Probiotic-based treatment is an approach to reduce uremic poisoning, which is accomplished by swallowing microbes those can catalyze URS in the gut. If further comprehensive studies are carried out, we will know about the probiotics impact in slowing the renal failure progression and reducing inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Amini Khiabani
- Research center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Stepaniuk A, Baran A, Flisiak I. Kynurenine Pathway in Psoriasis-a Promising Link? Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023:10.1007/s13555-023-00958-4. [PMID: 37326759 PMCID: PMC10366053 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common dermatosis which affects the patient's skin and general well-being because of its link to diseases such as depression, kidney disease and metabolic syndrome. Pathogenesis remains unknown; however, genetic, environmental and immunological factors seem to play a role in the development of the disease. Due to a lack of complete understanding of the psoriasis pathology, effective treatment is yet to be developed. The kynurenine pathway is one of the ways amino acid tryptophan is metabolised. In comorbidities typical for psoriasis such as chronic kidney disease, depression and atherosclerotic alterations in the activation of the kynurenine pathway were observed, which were mainly characterised by higher activity compared to that in healthy individuals. However, the kynurenine pathway has not been thoroughly studied among patients with psoriasis even though increased levels of L-kynurenine, one of the enzymes in the kynurenine pathway, were found in psoriatic skin lesions. Given the unknown pathogenesis of the disease, this finding seems to be a potential new field of study and shows a possible link between psoriasis and its comorbidities that could also lead to novel effective treatment for this chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stepaniuk
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - A Baran
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland
| | - I Flisiak
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540, Bialystok, Poland
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16
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Kadatane SP, Satariano M, Massey M, Mongan K, Raina R. The Role of Inflammation in CKD. Cells 2023; 12:1581. [PMID: 37371050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects many adults worldwide. Persistent low-grade inflammation is a substantial factor in its development and progression and has correlated with increased mortality and cardiovascular problems. This low-grade inflammation is a product of dysregulation of the normal balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Various factors such as increased innate immune system activation, reactive oxygen species production, periodontal disease, dysregulation of anti-inflammatory systems and intestinal dysbiosis result in the dysregulation of this balance. Furthermore, this low-grade inflammation has down-effects such as hypertension, renal fibrosis and acceleration of renal function decline. Moreover, low-grade inflammation over time has been linked to malignancy in CKD. As CKD progresses, many patients require dialysis, which has a negative bidirectional relationship with persistent inflammation. Treatment options for inflammation in CKD are vast, including cytokine inhibitors, statins and diets. However, more research is needed to create a standardized management plan. In this review, we will examine the normal physiology of the kidney and its relationship with the immune system. We will then delve into the pathology behind persistent inflammation, the various causes of inflammation, the downstream effects of inflammation, dialysis and potential treatments for inflammation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Satariano
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Michael Massey
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Kai Mongan
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44302, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH 44308, USA
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17
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Debnath S, Thomas N, Saliba A, Kottewar S, Grant S, Kasinath BS, Sharma K, Lorenzo C. Tryptophan metabolites and anemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2023; 36:1083-1085. [PMID: 37036660 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Debnath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, MC 7882, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Nimmy Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Dell School of Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Afaf Saliba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, MC 7882, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Saket Kottewar
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sheena Grant
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, MC 7882, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, MC 7882, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Kynurenine Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus-Novel Pharmacological Target? Cells 2023; 12:cells12030460. [PMID: 36766803 PMCID: PMC9913876 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (Trp-KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions (which are often contrasting) such as cytotoxic/cytoprotective, oxidant/antioxidant or pro-/anti-inflammatory. The net effect depends on their local concentration, cellular environment, as well as a complex positive and negative feedback loops. The imbalance between beneficial and harmful kynurenines was implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric illnesses and metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite available therapies, DM may lead to serious macro- and microvascular complications including cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, diabetic retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy or cognitive impairment. It is well established that low-grade inflammation, which often coincides with DM, can affect the function of KP and, conversely, that kynurenines may modulate the immune response. This review provides a detailed summary of findings concerning the status of the Trp-KYN pathway in DM based on available animal, human and microbiome studies. We highlight the importance of the molecular interplay between the deranged (functionally and qualitatively) conversion of Trp to kynurenines in the development of DM and insulin resistance. The Trp-KYN pathway emerges as a novel target in the search for preventive and therapeutic interventions in DM.
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19
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Nozawa H, Taira T, Sonoda H, Sasaki K, Murono K, Emoto S, Yokoyama Y, Nagai Y, Abe S, Ishihara S. Enhancement of radiation therapy by indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 inhibition through multimodal mechanisms. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 36653774 PMCID: PMC9847047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that converts tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO1 expression is found not only in tumor cells but also in immune cells and is associated with tumor proliferation and immune responses. IDO1 inhibitors and radiation may cooperatively suppress tumor proliferation through the alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, cell cycle, and immune response. We investigated the antitumor effects of combination therapy of an IDO1 inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), and radiation on colorectal cancer. METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted using human and murine colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT-29, and Colon26). Cell growth inhibition was assessed using a MTS assay and Clonogenic assay. Cells were cultured for 48 h with or without 500 µM 1-MT after exposure to radiation (4 Gy). Cell cycle effects and modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway were evaluated using western blot analysis, flow cytometry, RT-PCR. Subcutaneous Colon26 tumors in BALB/c mice were treated by oral 1-MT (6 mg/mL) for 2 weeks and/or local radiation (10 Gy/10 fr). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in tumor cells and expression of differentiation markers of immune cells were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 1-MT and a small interfering RNA against IDO1 suppressed proliferation of all cell lines, which was rescued by kynurenine. Clonogenic assay showed that administration of 1-MT improved radiosensitivity by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activated by radiation and enhancing cell cycle arrest induced by radiation. Combination therapy showed a further reduction in tumor burden compared with monotherapies or untreated control, inducing the highest numbers of intratumoral CD3 + and CD8 + T cells and the lowest numbers of Foxp3 + and BrdU-positive tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 1-MT and radiation suppressed colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nozawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taira
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sonoda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Emoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yokoyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yuzo Nagai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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20
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NAD + Metabolism and Interventions in Premature Renal Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010021. [PMID: 36611814 PMCID: PMC9818486 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging causes morphological and functional changes in the kidney, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a global public health issue with far-reaching consequences, including cardio-vascular complications, increased frailty, shortened lifespan and a heightened risk of kidney failure. Dialysis or transplantation are lifesaving therapies, but they can also be debilitating. Currently, no cure is available for CKD, despite ongoing efforts to identify clinical biomarkers of premature renal aging and molecular pathways of disease progression. Kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have high energy demand, and disruption of their energy homeostasis has been linked to the progression of kidney disease. Consequently, metabolic reprogramming of PTECs is gaining interest as a therapeutic tool. Preclinical and clinical evidence is emerging that NAD+ homeostasis, crucial for PTECs' oxidative metabolism, is impaired in CKD, and administration of dietary NAD+ precursors could have a prophylactic role against age-related kidney disease. This review describes the biology of NAD+ in the kidney, including its precursors and cellular roles, and discusses the importance of NAD+ homeostasis for renal health. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies aimed at increasing NAD+ levels in premature renal aging and CKD.
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21
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Discovering a trans-omics biomarker signature that predisposes high risk diabetic patients to diabetic kidney disease. NPJ Digit Med 2022; 5:166. [PMID: 36323795 PMCID: PMC9630270 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide; however, the integration of high-dimensional trans-omics data to predict this diabetic complication is rare. We develop artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted models using machine learning algorithms to identify a biomarker signature that predisposes high risk patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) to diabetic kidney disease based on clinical information, untargeted metabolomics, targeted lipidomics and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets. This involves 618 individuals who are split into training and testing cohorts of 557 and 61 subjects, respectively. Three models are developed. In model 1, the top 20 features selected by AI give an accuracy rate of 0.83 and an area under curve (AUC) of 0.89 when differentiating DM and non-DM individuals. In model 2, among DM patients, a biomarker signature of 10 AI-selected features gives an accuracy rate of 0.70 and an AUC of 0.76 when identifying subjects at high risk of renal impairment. In model 3, among non-DM patients, a biomarker signature of 25 AI-selected features gives an accuracy rate of 0.82 and an AUC of 0.76 when pinpointing subjects at high risk of chronic kidney disease. In addition, the performance of the three models is rigorously verified using an independent validation cohort. Intriguingly, analysis of the protein-protein interaction network of the genes containing the identified SNPs (RPTOR, CLPTM1L, ALDH1L1, LY6D, PCDH9, B3GNTL1, CDS1, ADCYAP and FAM53A) reveals that, at the molecular level, there seems to be interconnected factors that have an effect on the progression of renal impairment among DM patients. In conclusion, our findings reveal the potential of employing machine learning algorithms to augment traditional methods and our findings suggest what molecular mechanisms may underlie the complex interaction between DM and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the development of our AI-assisted models will improve precision when diagnosing renal impairment in predisposed patients, both DM and non-DM. Finally, a large prospective cohort study is needed to validate the clinical utility and mechanistic implications of these biomarker signatures.
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22
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Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101884. [PMID: 36290606 PMCID: PMC9598717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, characterized by severe oxidative stress and high mortality. Metabolites modulating the inflammatory and immune responses may play a central role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Most biogenic amines may induce the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and programmed cell death. We conducted a prospective study on metabolic profiling specific to the amino acids and biogenic amines of 69 patients with ARDS. Overall, hospital mortality was 52.2%. Between day 1 and day 7 after ARDS onset, plasma kynurenine levels and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly higher among non-survivors than in survivors (all p < 0.05). Urine metabolic profiling revealed a significantly higher prevalence of tryptophan degradation and higher concentrations of metabolites downstream of the kynurenine pathway among non-survivors than among survivors upon ARDS onset. Cox regression models revealed that plasma kynurenine levels and the plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio on day 1 were independently associated with hospital mortality. The activation of the kynurenine pathway was associated with mortality in patients with ARDS. Metabolic phenotypes and modulating metabolic perturbations of the kynurenine pathway could perhaps serve as prognostic markers or as a target for therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing oxidative stress and mortality in ARDS.
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23
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Effects of RIPC on the Metabolome in Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091312. [PMID: 36139151 PMCID: PMC9496371 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon in which short episodes of ischemia are applied to distant organs to prepare target organs for more prolonged ischemia and to induce protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aims to evaluate whether preoperatively performed RIPC affects the metabolome and to assess whether metabolomic changes correlate with heart and kidney injury markers after vascular surgery. METHODS a randomized sham-controlled, double-blinded trial was conducted at Tartu University Hospital. Patients undergoing elective open vascular surgery were recruited and RIPC was applied before operation. Blood was collected preoperatively and 24 h postoperatively. The metabolome was analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit. RESULTS final analysis included 45 patients from the RIPC group and 47 from the sham group. RIPC did not significantly alter metabolites 24 h postoperatively. There was positive correlation of change in the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio with change in hs-troponin T (r = 0.570, p < 0.001), NT-proBNP (r = 0.552, p < 0.001), cystatin C (r = 0.534, p < 0.001) and beta-2-microglobulin (r = 0.504, p < 0.001) only in the RIPC group. CONCLUSIONS preoperative RIPC did not significantly affect the metabolome 24 h after vascular surgery. The positive linear correlation of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio with heart and kidney injury markers suggests that the kynurenine-tryptophan pathway can play a role in RIPC-associated cardio- and nephroprotective effects.
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Nadour Z, Simian C, Laprévote O, Loriot MA, Larabi IA, Pallet N. Validation of a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of tryptophan and 10 key metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in plasma and urine: Application to a cohort of acute kidney injury patients. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:115-127. [PMID: 35870540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of tryptophan (Trp) and ten metabolites of kynurenine pathway, including kynurenine (Kyn), 3-hydroxy-kynurenine (3-HK), kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-Hydroxy-anthranilic acid (3-HANA), quinolinic acid (QA), nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN), picolinic acid (Pic), nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinic acid (NA) in both plasma and urine. This LC-MS/MS method was used to predict the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a cohort of patients with cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Urinary concentrations of Pic, as well as Pic to Trp and Pic to 3-HANA ratios were highly predictive of an AKI episode the week after CPB, indicating that Pic could be a predictive biomarker of AKI. Thus, monitoring the kynurenine pathway activity with this LC-MS/MS method is a clinically relevant tool to identify new biomarkers of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Nadour
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Paris University, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Simian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Loriot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Paris University, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Islam Amine Larabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paris-Saclay University (Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines University), Inserm U-1173, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 104 Boulevard Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Nicolas Pallet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Paris University, INSERM UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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An Emerging Cross-Species Marker for Organismal Health: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116300. [PMID: 35682980 PMCID: PMC9181223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential dietary amino acid that, unless otherwise committed to protein synthesis, undergoes metabolism via the Tryptophan-Kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway in vertebrate organisms. TRP and its metabolites have key roles in diverse physiological processes including cell growth and maintenance, immunity, disease states and the coordination of adaptive responses to environmental and dietary cues. Changes in TRP metabolism can alter the availability of TRP for protein and serotonin biosynthesis as well as alter levels of the immune-active KYN pathway metabolites. There is now considerable evidence which has shown that the TRP-KYN pathway can be influenced by various stressors including glucocorticoids (marker of chronic stress), infection, inflammation and oxidative stress, and environmental toxicants. While there is little known regarding the role of TRP metabolism following exposure to environmental contaminants, there is evidence of linkages between chemically induced metabolic perturbations and altered TRP enzymes and KYN metabolites. Moreover, the TRP-KYN pathway is conserved across vertebrate species and can be influenced by exposure to xenobiotics, therefore, understanding how this pathway is regulated may have broader implications for environmental and wildlife toxicology. The goal of this narrative review is to (1) identify key pathways affecting Trp-Kyn metabolism in vertebrates and (2) highlight consequences of altered tryptophan metabolism in mammals, birds, amphibians, and fish. We discuss current literature available across species, highlight gaps in the current state of knowledge, and further postulate that the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio can be used as a novel biomarker for assessing organismal and, more broadly, ecosystem health.
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Davidson JA, Robison J, Khailova L, Frank BS, Jaggers J, Ing RJ, Lawson S, Iguidbashian J, Ali E, Treece A, Soranno DE, Osorio-Lujan S, Klawitter J. Metabolomic profiling demonstrates evidence for kidney and urine metabolic dysregulation in a piglet model of cardiac surgery-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F20-F32. [PMID: 35532069 PMCID: PMC9236877 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of morbidity after congenital heart disease surgery. Progress on diagnosis and therapy remains limited, however, in part due to poor mechanistic understanding and a lack of relevant translational models. Metabolomic approaches could help identify novel mechanisms of injury and potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we used a piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (CPB/DHCA) and targeted metabolic profiling of kidney tissue, urine, and serum to evaluate metabolic changes specific to animals with histological acute kidney injury. CPB/DHCA animals with acute kidney injury were compared with those without acute kidney injury and mechanically ventilated controls. Acute kidney injury occurred in 10 of 20 CPB/DHCA animals 4 h after CPB/DHCA and 0 of 7 control animals. Injured kidneys showed a distinct tissue metabolic profile compared with uninjured kidneys (R2 = 0.93, Q2 = 0.53), with evidence of dysregulated tryptophan and purine metabolism. Nine urine metabolites differed significantly in animals with acute kidney injury with a pattern suggestive of increased aerobic glycolysis. Dysregulated metabolites in kidney tissue and urine did not overlap. CPB/DHCA strongly affected the serum metabolic profile, with only one metabolite that differed significantly with acute kidney injury (pyroglutamic acid, a marker of oxidative stress). In conclusion, based on these findings, kidney tryptophan and purine metabolism are candidates for further mechanistic and therapeutic investigation. Urine biomarkers of aerobic glycolysis could help diagnose early acute kidney injury after CPB/DHCA and warrant further evaluation. The serum metabolites measured at this early time point did not strongly differentiate based on acute kidney injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This project explored the metabolic underpinnings of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) following pediatric cardiac surgery in a translationally relevant large animal model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Here, we present novel evidence for dysregulated tryptophan catabolism and purine catabolism in kidney tissue and increased urinary glycolysis intermediates in animals who developed histological AKI. These pathways represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for postoperative AKI in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Justin Robison
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Ludmila Khailova
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin S Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - James Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard J Ing
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Scott Lawson
- Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John Iguidbashian
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eiman Ali
- Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amy Treece
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Danielle E Soranno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzanne Osorio-Lujan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Yue K, Liu Z, Pi Z, Li H, Wang Y, Song F, Liu Z. Network Pharmacology Combined with Metabolomics Approach to Investigate the Toxicity Mechanism of Paclobutrazol. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:626-635. [PMID: 35298131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a commonly used plant growth regulator (PGR) with good antibacterial activity. It has widespread applications in agricultural production. However, there is limited research reported on the potential risks of human health resulting from PBZ residues. In this study, using Sprague-Dawley rats, we carried out a systematic study on the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PBZ in different doses (0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg). The metabolic profiles and network pharmacology were combined to construct a PBZ-endogenous substances-gene-hepatorenal diseases network to elucidate the underlying mechanism of PBZ's hepatorenal toxicity. At first, metabolomics analysis was done to investigate the metabolites and the related metabolic pathways associated with PBZ. Secondly, the network pharmacology approach was used in further exploration of the toxic targets. Additionally, molecular docking was carried out to investigate the interactions between PBZ and potential targets. The results indicated that PBZ showed obvious toxicity towards the liver and kidney of rats. The metabolomics analysis showed that PBZ mainly affected 4 metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed that CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, MAOA, PLA2G2A, PTGS1, and XDH were critical targets for PBZ hepatorenal toxicity. This preliminary study revealed PBZ's hepatorenal toxicity and provided a theoretical basis for the rational and safe use of PBZ. Furthermore, it provided possible intervention targets for further research on how to avoid or reduce the damage caused by pesticides to the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.,College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry Jilin Province, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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