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Padda I, Sethi Y, Das M, Fabian D, Ralhan T, Aziz D, Sexton J, Johal G. Heme Oxygenase-1, Cardiac Senescence, and Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Review of the Triptych. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07590-0. [PMID: 38940935 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a crucial enzyme in heme metabolism, facilitating the breakdown of heme into biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. Renowned for its potent cytoprotective properties, HO-1 showcases notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In this review, the authors aim to explore the profound impact of HO-1 on cardiac senescence and its potential implications in myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS Recent research has unveiled the intricate role of HO-1 in cellular senescence, characterized by irreversible growth arrest and functional decline. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as a pivotal factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including MI. Notably, cardiac senescence has emerged as an important factor in the development of various cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction (MI). The accumulation of senescent cells, spanning vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and progenitor cells, poses a significant risk for cardiovascular diseases such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and ventricular remodeling. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte senescence not only reduces senescence-associated inflammation but also impacts other myocardial lineages, hinting at a broader mechanism of propagation in pathological remodeling. HO-1 has been shown to improve heart function and mitigate cardiomyocyte senescence induced by ischemic injury and aging. Furthermore, HO-1 induction has been found to alleviate H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte senescence. As we grow in our understanding of antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, anti-aging, and vascular effects of HO-1, we see the potential to exploit potential links between individual susceptibility to cardiac senescence and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS This review investigates strategies for upregulating HO-1, including gene targeting and pharmacological agents, as potential therapeutic approaches. By synthesizing compelling evidence from diverse experimental models and clinical investigations, this study elucidates the therapeutic potential of targeting HO-1 as an innovative strategy to mitigate cardiac senescence and improve outcomes in myocardial infarction, emphasizing the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderbir Padda
- Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, NY, USA
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, Dehradun, India.
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Maumita Das
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Daniel Fabian
- Richmond University Medical Center/Mount Sinai, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Tushar Ralhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jaime Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gurpreet Johal
- Valley Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Assessment of Myocardial Diastolic Dysfunction as a Result of Myocardial Infarction and Extracellular Matrix Regulation Disorders in the Context of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185430. [PMID: 36143077 PMCID: PMC9502668 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in cardiac contractility due to damage or loss of cardiomyocytes is intensified by changes in the extracellular matrix leading to heart remodeling. An excessive matrix response in the ischemic cardiomyopathy may contribute to the elevated fibrotic compartment and diastolic dysfunction. Fibroproliferation is a defense response aimed at quickly closing the damaged area and maintaining tissue integrity. Balance in this process is of paramount importance, as the reduced post-infarction response causes scar thinning and more pronounced left ventricular remodeling, while excessive fibrosis leads to impairment of heart function. Under normal conditions, migration of progenitor cells to the lesion site occurs. These cells have the potential to differentiate into myocytes in vitro, but the changed micro-environment in the heart after infarction does not allow such differentiation. Stem cell transplantation affects the extracellular matrix remodeling and thus may facilitate the improvement of left ventricular function. Studies show that mesenchymal stem cell therapy after infarct reduces fibrosis. However, the authors did not specify whether they meant the reduction of scarring as a result of regeneration or changes in the matrix. Research is also necessary to rule out long-term negative effects of post-acute infarct stem cell therapy.
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The impact of a modified anaesthetic protocol on animal survival and the characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias in the course of acute myocardial infarction in a domestic pig model. J Vet Res 2022; 66:435-447. [PMID: 36349138 PMCID: PMC9597936 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death in humans in highly developed countries. Among its most frequent complications affecting the patient’s prognosis are cardiac arrhythmias: ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Material and Methods
The study aimed to characterise arrhythmias in 19 pigs subjected to experimentally induced MI obtained by occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery using an angioplasty balloon. The anaesthetic protocol was modified to reduce mortality by including procedures stabilising haemodynamic disorders which develop during episodes of ischaemia and arrhythmia. During 30 min of experimentally induced ischaemia, the heart rhythm was recorded using a 12-lead ECG. The time, frequency, and type of arrhythmias were analysed.
Results
Ventricular arrhythmias were found in 94.74% of the treated pigs. The most common were ventricular premature complexes, reported in 88.89% of pigs with arrhythmia. Ventricular tachycardia was recorded in 66.67% and ventricular fibrillation in 50% of pigs with arrhythmias.
Conclusion
Myocardial infarction due to proximal LAD occlusion is characterised by a high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, especially VT and VF. Because of the high survival rate, this MI porcine model may serve as a model for research on acute ischaemic ventricular arrhythmias in humans. Additionally, it reduces the total number of animals required for testing while yielding meaningful results, which is in line with the 3R principle.
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miR-133a-A Potential Target for Improving Cardiac Mitochondrial Health and Regeneration After Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:187-193. [PMID: 35500168 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The various roles of muscle secretory factors and myokines have been well studied, but in recent decades, the role of myocyte-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) has gained momentum. These myomiRs are known to play regulatory roles in muscle health in general, both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. In this review, we have focused on the significance of a myomiR termed miR-133a in cardiovascular health. The available literature supports the claim that miR-133a could be helpful in the healing process of muscle tissue after injury. The protective function could be due to its regulatory effect on muscle or stem cell mitochondrial function. In this review, we have shed light on the protective mechanisms offered by miR-133a. Most of the beneficial effects are due to the presence of miR-133a in circulation or tissue-specific expression. We have also reviewed the potential mechanisms by which miR-133a could interact with cell surface receptors and also transcriptional mechanisms by which they offer cardioprotection and regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms will help in finding an ideal strategy to repair cardiac tissue after injury.
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Szade A, Szade K, Mahdi M, Józkowicz A. The role of heme oxygenase-1 in hematopoietic system and its microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4639-4651. [PMID: 33787980 PMCID: PMC8195762 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic system transports all necessary nutrients to the whole organism and provides the immunological protection. Blood cells have high turnover, therefore, this system must be dynamically controlled and must have broad regeneration potential. In this review, we summarize how this complex system is regulated by the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-an enzyme, which degrades heme to biliverdin, ferrous ion and carbon monoxide. First, we discuss how HO-1 influences hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renewal, aging and differentiation. We also describe a critical role of HO-1 in endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells that constitute the specialized bone marrow niche of HSC. We further discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which HO-1 modulates innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, we highlight how modulation of HO-1 activity regulates the mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic cells to peripheral blood. We critically discuss the issue of metalloporphyrins, commonly used pharmacological modulators of HO-1 activity, and raise the issue of their important HO-1-independent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mahdi Mahdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Langrzyk A, Nowak WN, Stępniewski J, Jaźwa A, Florczyk-Soluch U, Józkowicz A, Dulak J. Critical View on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:169-190. [PMID: 28874054 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The belief in the potency of stem cells has resulted in the medical applications of numerous cell types for organ repair, often with the low adherence to methodological stringency. Such uncritical enthusiasm is mainly presented in the approaches employing so-called mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), for the treatment of numerous, unrelated conditions. However, it should be stressed that such broad clinical applications of MSC are mostly based on the belief that MSC can efficiently differentiate into multiple cell types, not only osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipose cells. Recent Advances: Studies employing lineage tracing established more promising markers to characterize MSC identity and localization in vivo and confirmed the differences between MSC isolated from various organs. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical experiments proved that transdifferentiation of MSC is unlikely to contribute to repair of numerous tissues, including the heart. Therefore, the salvage hypotheses, like MSC fusion with cells in target organs or the paracrine mechanisms, were proposed to justify the widespread application of MSC and to explain transient, if any, effects. CRITICAL ISSUES The lack of standardization concerning the cells markers, their origin and particularly the absence of stringent functional characterization of MSC, leads to propagation of the worrying hype despite the lack of convincing therapeutic efficiency of MSC. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The adherence to rigorous methodological rules is necessary to prevent the application of procedures which can be dangerous for patients and scientific research on the medical application of stem cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Witold N Nowak
- 2 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London , London, United Kingdom .,3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jaźwa
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Florczyk-Soluch
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- 1 Kardio-Med Silesia , Zabrze, Poland .,3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
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8
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Nowak WN, Taha H, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Stępniewski J, Markiewicz JA, Kusienicka A, Szade K, Szade A, Bukowska-Strakova K, Hajduk K, Klóska D, Kopacz A, Grochot-Przęczek A, Barthenheier K, Cauvin C, Dulak J, Józkowicz A. Murine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Respond Efficiently to Oxidative Stress Despite the Low Level of Heme Oxygenases 1 and 2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:111-127. [PMID: 29065700 PMCID: PMC6003402 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous cells from adult tissues that are able to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes. Such cells are widely studied in regenerative medicine. However, the success of cellular therapy depends on the cell survival. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by the Hmox1 gene), an enzyme converting heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and Fe2+, is cytoprotective and can affect stem cell performance. Therefore, our study aimed at assessing whether Hmox1 is critical for survival and functions of murine bone marrow MSCs. RESULTS Both MSC Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1-/- showed similar phenotype, differentiation capacities, and production of cytokines or growth factors. Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1-/- cells showed similar survival in response to 50 μmol/L hemin even in increased glucose concentration, conditions that were unfavorable for Hmox1-/- bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (BDMC). Hmox1+/+ MSCs but not fibroblasts retained low ROS levels even after prolonged incubation with 50 μmol/L hemin, although both cell types have a comparable Hmox1 expression and similarly increase its levels in response to hemin. MSCs Hmox1-/- treated with hemin efficiently induced expression of a vast panel of antioxidant genes, especially enzymes of the glutathione pathway. Innovation and Conclusion: Hmox1 overexpression is a popular strategy to enhance viability and performance of MSCs after the transplantation. However, murine MSCs Hmox1-/- do not differ from wild-type MSCs in phenotype and functions. MSC Hmox1-/- show better resistance to hemin than fibroblasts and BDMCs and rapidly react to the stress by upregulation of quintessential genes in antioxidant response. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Norbert Nowak
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Hevidar Taha
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland .,2 Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok , Duhok, Iraq
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Stępniewski
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Agata Markiewicz
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kusienicka
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Szade
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland .,3 Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Hajduk
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Damian Klóska
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kopacz
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Grochot-Przęczek
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Kathrin Barthenheier
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Camille Cauvin
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland .,4 Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Alicja Józkowicz
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
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Otterbein LE, Foresti R, Motterlini R. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide in the Heart: The Balancing Act Between Danger Signaling and Pro-Survival. Circ Res 2017; 118:1940-1959. [PMID: 27283533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes governing the ability of the heart to repair and regenerate after injury is crucial for developing translational medical solutions. New avenues of exploration include cardiac cell therapy and cellular reprogramming targeting cell death and regeneration. An attractive possibility is the exploitation of cytoprotective genes that exist solely for self-preservation processes and serve to promote and support cell survival. Although the antioxidant and heat-shock proteins are included in this category, one enzyme that has received a great deal of attention as a master protective sentinel is heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme into the bioactive signaling molecules carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and iron. The remarkable cardioprotective effects ascribed to heme oxygenase-1 are best evidenced by its ability to regulate inflammatory processes, cellular signaling, and mitochondrial function ultimately mitigating myocardial tissue injury and the progression of vascular-proliferative disease. We discuss here new insights into the role of heme oxygenase-1 and heme on cardiovascular health, and importantly, how they might be leveraged to promote heart repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm, U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France.,University Paris Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France
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10
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Generation of functional endothelial cells with progenitor-like features from murine induced pluripotent stem cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:94-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Sun R, Li X, Liu M, Zeng Y, Chen S, Zhang P. Advances in stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:23-9. [PMID: 27220939 PMCID: PMC4899023 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease constitutes the primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and represents a group of disorders associated with the loss of cardiac function. Despite considerable advances in the understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of the disease, the majority of the currently available therapies remain at best palliative, since the problem of cardiac tissue loss has not yet been addressed. Indeed, few therapeutic approaches offer direct tissue repair and regeneration, whereas the majority of treatment options aim to limit scar formation and adverse remodeling, while improving myocardial function. Of all the existing therapeutic approaches, the problem of cardiac tissue loss is addressed uniquely by heart transplantation. Nevertheless, alternative options, particularly stem cell therapy, has emerged as a novel and promising approach. This approach involves the transplantation of healthy and functional cells to promote the renewal of damaged cells and repair injured tissue. Bone marrow precursor cells were the first cell type used in clinical studies, and subsequently, preclinical and clinical investigations have been extended to the use of various populations of stem cells. This review addresses the present state of research as regards stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Sun
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xianchi Li
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Peying Zhang
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southest University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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12
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Myocardial regeneration strategy using Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as an off-the-shelf 'unlimited' therapeutic agent: results from the Acute Myocardial Infarction First-in-Man Study. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2015; 11:100-7. [PMID: 26161101 PMCID: PMC4495125 DOI: 10.5114/pwki.2015.52282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In large-animal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) models, Wharton's jelly (umbilical cord matrix) mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) effectively promote angiogenesis and drive functional myocardial regeneration. Human data are lacking. AIM To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel myocardial regeneration strategy using human WJMSCs as a unique, allogenic but immuno-privileged, off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS The inclusion criterion was first, large (LVEF ≤ 45%, CK-MB > 100 U/l) AMI with successful infarct-related artery primary percutaneous coronary intervention reperfusion (TIMI ≥ 2). Ten consecutive patients (age 32-65 years, peak hs-troponin T 17.3 ±9.1 ng/ml and peak CK-MB 533 ±89 U/l, sustained echo LVEF reduction to 37.6 ±2.6%, cMRI LVEF 40.3 ±2.7% and infarct size 20.1 ±2.8%) were enrolled. RESULTS 30 × 10(6) WJMSCs were administered (LAD/Cx/RCA in 6/3/1) per protocol at ≈ 5-7 days using a cell delivery-dedicated, coronary-non-occlusive method. No clinical symptoms or ECG signs of myocardial ischemia occurred. There was no epicardial flow or myocardial perfusion impairment (TIMI-3 in all; cTFC 45 ±8 vs. 44 ±9, p = 0.51), and no patient showed hs-troponin T elevation (0.92 ±0.29 ≤ 24 h before vs. 0.89 ±0.28 ≤ 24 h after; decrease, p = 0.04). One subject experienced, 2 days after cell transfer, a transient temperature rise (38.9°C); this was reactive to paracetamol with no sequel. No other adverse events and no significant arrhythmias (ECG Holter) occurred. Up to 12 months there was one new, non-index territory lethal AMI but no adverse events that might be attributable to WJMSC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility and procedural safety of WJMSC use as off-the-shelf cellular therapy in human AMI and suggested further clinical safety of WJMSC cardiac transfer, providing a basis for randomized placebo-controlled endpoint-powered evaluation.
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Cremers NAJ, Lundvig DMS, van Dalen SCM, Schelbergen RF, van Lent PLEM, Szarek WA, Regan RF, Carels CE, Wagener FADTG. Curcumin-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression prevents H2O2-induced cell death in wild type and heme oxygenase-2 knockout adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17974-99. [PMID: 25299695 PMCID: PMC4227200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration is a promising adjuvant therapy to treat tissue injury. However, MSC survival after administration is often hampered by oxidative stress at the site of injury. Heme oxygenase (HO) generates the cytoprotective effector molecules biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide (CO) and iron/ferritin by breaking down heme. Since HO-activity mediates anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects, we hypothesized that modulation of the HO-system affects MSC survival. Adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) from wild type (WT) and HO-2 knockout (KO) mice were isolated and characterized with respect to ASC marker expression. In order to analyze potential modulatory effects of the HO-system on ASC survival, WT and HO-2 KO ASCs were pre-treated with HO-activity modulators, or downstream effector molecules biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO before co-exposure of ASCs to a toxic dose of H2O2. Surprisingly, sensitivity to H2O2-mediated cell death was similar in WT and HO-2 KO ASCs. However, pre-induction of HO-1 expression using curcumin increased ASC survival after H2O2 exposure in both WT and HO-2 KO ASCs. Simultaneous inhibition of HO-activity resulted in loss of curcumin-mediated protection. Co-treatment with glutathione precursor N-Acetylcysteine promoted ASC survival. However, co-incubation with HO-effector molecules bilirubin and biliverdin did not rescue from H2O2-mediated cell death, whereas co-exposure to CO-releasing molecules-2 (CORM-2) significantly increased cell survival, independently from HO-2 expression. Summarizing, our results show that curcumin protects via an HO-1 dependent mechanism against H2O2-mediated apoptosis, and likely through the generation of CO. HO-1 pre-induction or administration of CORMs may thus form an attractive strategy to improve MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A J Cremers
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie C M van Dalen
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rik F Schelbergen
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Walter A Szarek
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Carine E Carels
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme oxygenase enzymes, which exist as constitutive (HO-2) and inducible (HO-1) isoforms, degrade heme to carbon monoxide (CO) and the bile pigment biliverdin. In the last two decades, substantial scientific evidence has been collected on the function of HO-1 in cell homeostasis, emphasizing these two important features: (i) HO-1 is a fundamental "sensor" of cellular stress and directly contributes toward limiting or preventing tissue damage; (ii) the products of HO-1 activity dynamically participate in cellular adaptation to stress and are inherently involved in the mechanisms of defence. RECENT ADVANCES On the basis of its promising cytoprotective features, scientists have pursued the targeting of HO-1 as an attractive cellular pathway for drug discovery. Three different pharmacological approaches are currently being investigated in relation to HO-1, namely the use of CO gas, the development of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), and small molecules possessing the ability to up-regulate HO-1 in cells and tissues. CRITICAL ISSUE: Studies on the regulation and amplification of the HO-1/CO pathway by selective pharmacological approaches may lead to the discovery of novel drugs for the treatment of a variety of diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we will discuss in detail the importance of pharmacologically manipulating the HO-1 pathway and its products for conferring protection against a variety of conditions that are characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. We will also evaluate each of the strategic approaches being developed by considering their intrinsic advantages and disadvantages, which may have implications for their use as therapeutics in specific pathological conditions.
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Wegiel B, Nemeth Z, Correa-Costa M, Bulmer AC, Otterbein LE. Heme oxygenase-1: a metabolic nike. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1709-22. [PMID: 24180257 PMCID: PMC3961788 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Heme degradation, which was described more than 30 years ago, is still very actively explored with many novel discoveries on its role in various disease models every year. RECENT ADVANCES The heme oxygenases (HO) are metabolic enzymes that utilize NADPH and oxygen to break apart the heme moiety liberating biliverdin (BV), carbon monoxide (CO), and iron. Heme that is derived from hemoproteins can be toxic to the cells and if not removed immediately, it causes cell apoptosis and local inflammation. Elimination of heme from the milieu enables generation of three products that influences numerous metabolic changes in the cell. CRITICAL ISSUES CO has profound effects on mitochondria and cellular respiration and other hemoproteins to which it can bind and affect their function, while BV and bilirubin (BR), the substrate and product of BV, reductase, respectively, are potent antioxidants. Sequestration of iron into ferritin and its recycling in the tissues is a part of the homeodynamic processes that control oxidation-reduction in cellular metabolism. Further, heme is an important component of a number of metabolic enzymes, and, therefore, HO-1 plays an important role in the modulation of cellular bioenergetics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In this review, we describe the cross-talk between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its products with other metabolic pathways. HO-1, which we have labeled Nike, the goddess who personified victory, dictates triumph over pathophysiologic conditions, including diabetes, ischemia, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matheus Correa-Costa
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leo E. Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Heme oxygenase-1 derived carbon monoxide permits maturation of myeloid cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1139. [PMID: 24651442 PMCID: PMC3973235 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Critical functions of the immune system are maintained by the ability of myeloid progenitors to differentiate and mature into macrophages. We hypothesized that the cytoprotective gas molecule carbon monoxide (CO), generated endogenously by heme oxygenases (HO), promotes differentiation of progenitors into functional macrophages. Deletion of HO-1, specifically in the myeloid lineage (Lyz-Cre:Hmox1flfl), attenuated the ability of myeloid progenitors to differentiate toward macrophages and decreased the expression of macrophage markers, CD14 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (MCSFR). We showed that HO-1 and CO induced CD14 expression and efficiently increased expansion and differentiation of myeloid cells into macrophages. Further, CO sensitized myeloid cells to treatment with MCSF at low doses by increasing MCSFR expression, mediated partially through a PI3K-Akt-dependent mechanism. Exposure of mice to CO in a model of marginal bone marrow transplantation significantly improved donor myeloid cell engraftment efficiency, expansion and differentiation, which corresponded to increased serum levels of GM-CSF, IL-1α and MCP-1. Collectively, we conclude that HO-1 and CO in part are critical for myeloid cell differentiation. CO may prove to be a novel therapeutic agent to improve functional recovery of bone marrow cells in patients undergoing irradiation, chemotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation.
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Identifying microRNAs involved in degeneration of the organ of corti during age-related hearing loss. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62786. [PMID: 23646144 PMCID: PMC3640032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of mRNA targets, are important regulators of cellular senescence and aging. We questioned which miRNAs are involved in age-related degeneration of the organ of Corti (OC), the auditory sensory epithelium that transduces mechanical stimuli to electrical activity in the inner ear. Degeneration of the OC is generally accepted as the main cause of age-related hearing loss (ARHL), a progressive loss of hearing in individuals as they grow older. To determine which miRNAs are involved in the onset and progression of ARHL, miRNA gene expression in the OC of two mouse strains, C57BL/6J and CBA/J, was compared at three different ages using GeneChip miRNA microarray and was validated by real-time PCR. We showed that 111 and 71 miRNAs exhibited differential expression in the C57 and CBA mice, respectively, and that downregulated miRNAs substantially outnumbered upregulated miRNAs during aging. miRNAs that had approximately 2-fold upregulation included members of miR-29 family and miR-34 family, which are known regulators of pro-apoptotic pathways. In contrast, miRNAs that were downregulated by about 2-fold were members of the miR-181 family and miR-183 family, which are known to be important for proliferation and differentiation, respectively. The shift of miRNA expression favoring apoptosis occurred earlier than detectable hearing threshold elevation and hair cell loss. Our study suggests that changes in miRNA expression precede morphological and functional changes, and that upregulation of pro-apoptotic miRNAs and downregulation of miRNAs promoting proliferation and differentiation are both involved in age-related degeneration of the OC.
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Therapeutic angiogenesis for revascularization in peripheral artery disease. Gene 2013; 525:220-8. [PMID: 23566831 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis for peripheral artery disease (PAD), achieved by gene and cell therapy, has recently raised a great deal of hope for patients who cannot undergo standard revascularizing treatment. Although pre-clinical studies gave very promising data, still clinical trials of gene therapy have not provided satisfactory results. On the other hand, cell therapy approach, despite several limitations, demonstrated more beneficial effects but initial clinical studies must be constantly validated by larger randomized, multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. This review focuses on previous and recent gene and cell therapy studies for limb ischemia, including both experimental and clinical research, and summarizes some important papers published in this field. Moreover, it provides a short comment on combined gene and cell therapy approach on the example of heme oxygenase-1 overexpressing cells with therapeutic properties.
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Guzik TJ, Dulak J. Vessel wall--where coagulation meets cell biology and immunology. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108:416-8. [PMID: 22898929 DOI: 10.1160/th12-08-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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