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Mattelaer N, Van der Schueren B, Van Oudenhove L, Weltens N, Vangoitsenhoven R. The circulating and central endocannabinoid system in obesity and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01553-z. [PMID: 38834796 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Major advances have been made in obesity treatment, focusing on restoring disturbances along the gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulatory signaling system, present along the entire gut-brain axis, that plays a critical role in central and peripheral regulation of food intake and body weight. Evidence on the impact of weight loss on the ECS is, however, more limited. Therefore, we set out to review the existing literature for changes in central and circulating endocannabinoid levels after bariatric surgery and other weight loss strategies in humans. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles. Fifty-six human studies were identified. Most studies measuring circulating 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) found no difference between normal weight and obesity, or no correlation with BMI. In contrast, studies measuring circulating arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) found an increase or positive correlation with BMI. Two studies found a negative correlation between BMI and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor availability in the brain. Only one study investigated the effect of pharmacological weight management on circulating endocannabinoid concentrations and found no effect on AEA concentrations. So far, six studies investigated potential changes in circulating endocannabinoids after bariatric surgery and reported conflicting results. Available evidence does not univocally support that circulating endocannabinoids are upregulated in individuals with obesity, which may be explained by variability across studies in several potential confounding factors (e.g. age and sex) as well as heterogeneity within the obesity population (e.g. BMI only vs. intra-abdominal adiposity). While several studies investigated the effect of lifestyle interventions on the circulating ECS, more studies are warranted that focus on pharmacologically and surgically induced weight loss. In addition, we identified several research needs which should be fulfilled to better understand the role of the ECS in obesity and its treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Mattelaer
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Weltens
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Vangoitsenhoven
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Sato S. Adipo-oncology: adipocyte-derived factors govern engraftment, survival, and progression of metastatic cancers. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:52. [PMID: 38238841 PMCID: PMC10797898 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for metastatic cancers have limited efficacy. Recently, cancer therapies targeting noncancerous cells in tumor microenvironments have shown improved clinical outcomes in patients. However, further advances in our understanding of the metastatic tumor microenvironment are required to improve treatment outcomes. Adipocytes are distributed throughout the body, and as a part of the metastatic tumor microenvironment, they interact with cancer cells in almost all organs. Adipocytes secrete various factors that are reported to exert clinical effects on cancer progression, including engraftment, survival, and expansion at the metastatic sites. However, only a few studies have comprehensively examined their impact on cancer cells. In this review, we examined the impact of adipocytes on cancer by describing the adipocyte-secreted factors that are involved in controlling metastatic cancer, focusing on adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, chemerin, resistin, apelin, and omentin. Adipocyte-secreted factors promote cancer metastasis and contribute to various biological functions of cancer cells, including migration, invasion, proliferation, immune evasion, and drug resistance at the metastatic sites. We propose the establishment and expansion of "adipo-oncology" as a research field to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the role of adipocytes in metastatic cancers and the development of more robust metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, 2-3-2, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
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Liu X, Li C, Hou C, Jiang Y, Chen F, Zhu Y, Zou L. Dissecting the effects of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in rats using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabonomics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:527-538. [PMID: 37397915 PMCID: PMC10311158 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic compound that selectively accumulates in the lungs, inducing severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. However, data on the metabolomic changes induced by the PQ remain scant. This study aimed to determine the metabolic changes in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to PQ using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Methods We established groups of PQ-induced pulmonary injury rats for 14 or 28 days. Results Our data showed that PQ decreased the survival of the rats and induced pulmonary inflammation at day 14 or pulmonary fibrosis at day 28. There was upregulation of IL-1β expression in the inflammation group as well as upregulation of fibronectin, collagen and α-SMA in the pulmonary fibrosis group. OPLS-DA revealed differential expression of 26 metabotites between the normal and the inflammation groups; 31 plasma metabotites were also differently expressed between the normal and the fibrosis groups. There was high expression of lysoPc160-, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid in the pulmonary injury group compared to the normal group. Conclusion Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. This study gives insights into the mechanisms of PQ-induced lung injury and highlights the potential therapeutic targets. Nonstructured abstract The effect of PQ on lung injury in rats was detected by metabonomics, and the possible metabolic mechanism was investigated by KEGG analysis. OPLS-DA revealed the differential expression of 26 metabotites and 31 plasma metabotites between the normal and the pulmonary injury groups. Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. Oleoylethanolamine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid are potential molecular markers in PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Chi Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Changmiao Hou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 113 Shaoshan Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
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De Filippo C, Costa A, Becagli MV, Monroy MM, Provensi G, Passani MB. Gut microbiota and oleoylethanolamide in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135157. [PMID: 37091842 PMCID: PMC10113643 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A vast literature strongly suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and related bioactive lipids (the paracannabinoid system) contribute to numerous physiological processes and are involved in pathological conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and intestinal inflammation. The gut paracannabinoid system exerts a prominent role in gut physiology as it affects motility, permeability, and inflammatory responses. Another important player in the regulation of host metabolism is the intestinal microbiota, as microorganisms are indispensable to protect the intestine against exogenous pathogens and potentially harmful resident microorganisms. In turn, the composition of the microbiota is regulated by intestinal immune responses. The intestinal microbial community plays a fundamental role in the development of the innate immune system and is essential in shaping adaptive immunity. The active interplay between microbiota and paracannabinoids is beginning to appear as potent regulatory system of the gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this context, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a key component of the physiological systems involved in the regulation of dietary fat consumption, energy homeostasis, intestinal motility, and a key factor in modulating eating behavior, is a less studied lipid mediator. In the small intestine namely duodenum and jejunum, levels of OEA change according to the nutrient status as they decrease during food deprivation and increase upon refeeding. Recently, we and others showed that OEA treatment in rodents protects against inflammatory events and changes the intestinal microbiota composition. In this review, we briefly define the role of OEA and of the gut microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and recapitulate recent findings suggesting an interplay between OEA and the intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta De Filippo
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Mariela Mejia Monroy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Beatrice Passani, ; Gustavo Provensi,
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Beatrice Passani, ; Gustavo Provensi,
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Pastor A, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Boronat A, Muñoz D, Castañer O, Fagundo B, Corella D, Fernández-Aranda F, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, de la Torre R. Sex differences in endocannabinoids during 3 years of Mediterranean diet intervention: Association with insulin resistance and weight loss in a population with metabolic syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1076677. [PMID: 36532543 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1076677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundExcess circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs) and imbalanced N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) related eCBs abundance could influence dietary weight loss success. We aimed to examine sex differences in the impact of a 3-years Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention on circulating eCBs, NAEs and their precursor fatty acids, and to analyze the interplay between changes in eCBs or NAEs ratios, insulin resistance and the achievement of clinically meaningful weight reductions.MethodsProspective cohort study in a subsample of N = 105 participants (54.3% women; 65.6 ± 4.6 years) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome that underwent a 3-years MedDiet intervention (PREDIMED-Plus study). Plasma eCBs and NAEs, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), fatty acids, diet, glycemic homeostasis (including the assessment of insulin resistance-HOMA-IR), and cardiovascular risk markers were monitored (at 0-6-12-36 months).ResultsMediterranean diet adherence increased in both sexes and remained high during the 3 years of follow-up. Reductions in body weight, glycemic and cardiovascular parameters were larger in men than in women. Women presented higher concentrations of NAEs than men throughout the study. In both sexes, AEA and other NAEs (including OEA, and PEA) decreased after 6 months (for AEA: −4.9%), whereas the ratio OEA/AEA increased after 1 year (+5.8%). Changes in 2-AG (−3.9%) and the ratio OEA/PEA (+8.2%) persisted over the 3 years of follow-up. In women, 6-months changes in AEA (OR = 0.65) and the ratio OEA/AEA (OR = 3.28) were associated with the achievement of 8% weight reductions and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = 0.29 and r = −0.34). In men, OEA/PEA changes were associated with 8% weight reductions (OR = 2.62) and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = −0.32).ConclusionA 3-years MedDiet intervention modulated plasma concentrations of eCBs and NAEs. Changes in AEA and in the relative abundance of NAEs were associated with clinically meaningful weight reductions. However, marked sex differences were identified in eCBs and NAEs, as well as in the efficacy of the intervention in terms of glycemic and cardiovascular parameters, which could be related to post-menopause alterations in glucose metabolism. These findings support a sex-balanced research strategy for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fundació Universitària del Bages, Manresa, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Vecchiarelli HA, Aukema RJ, Hume C, Chiang V, Morena M, Keenan CM, Nastase AS, Lee FS, Pittman QJ, Sharkey KA, Hill MN. Genetic Variants of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Modulate Acute Inflammatory Responses to Colitis in Adult Male Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:764706. [PMID: 34916909 PMCID: PMC8670533 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.764706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, including cannabis derived phytocannabinoids and endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), are typically considered anti-inflammatory. One such endocannabinoid is N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA), which is metabolized by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). In humans, there is a loss of function single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the FAAH gene (C385A, rs324420), that leads to increases in the levels of AEA. Using a mouse model with this SNP, we investigated how this SNP affects inflammation in a model of inflammatory bowel disease. We administered 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) intracolonically, to adult male FAAH SNP mice and examined colonic macroscopic tissue damage and myeloperoxidase activity, as well as levels of plasma and amygdalar cytokines and chemokines 3 days after administration, at the peak of colitis. We found that mice possessing the loss of function alleles (AC and AA), displayed no differences in colonic damage or myeloperoxidase activity compared to mice with wild type alleles (CC). In contrast, in plasma, colitis-induced increases in interleukin (IL)-2, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were reduced in animals with an A allele. A similar pattern was observed in the amygdala for granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and MCP-1. In the amygdala, the mutant A allele led to lower levels of IL-1α, IL-9, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and MIP-2 independent of colitis-providing additional understanding of how FAAH may serve as a regulator of inflammatory responses in the brain. Together, these data provide insights into how FAAH regulates inflammatory processes in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Vecchiarelli
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J Aukema
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Hume
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent Chiang
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Morena
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrei S Nastase
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Oral Capsaicinoid Administration Alters the Plasma Endocannabinoidome and Fecal Microbiota of Reproductive-Aged Women Living with Overweight and Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091246. [PMID: 34572432 PMCID: PMC8471891 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), counteract food intake and obesity. In this exploratory study, we examined the blood and stools from a subset of the participants in a cohort of reproductive-aged women with overweight/obesity who underwent a 12-week caloric restriction of 500 kcal/day with the administration of capsaicinoids (two capsules containing 100 mg of a capsicum annuum extract (CAE) each for a daily dose of 4 mg of capsaicinoids) or a placebo. Samples were collected immediately before and after the intervention, and plasma eCBome mediator levels (from 23 participants in total, 13 placebo and 10 CAE) and fecal microbiota taxa (from 15 participants in total, 9 placebo and 6 CAE) were profiled using LC-MS/MS and 16S metagenomic sequencing, respectively. CAE prevented the reduced caloric-intake-induced decrease in beneficial eCBome mediators, i.e., the TRPV1, GPR119 and/or PPARα agonists, N-oleoyl-ethanolamine, N-linoleoyl-ethanolamine and 2-oleoyl-glycerol, as well as the anti-inflammatory N-acyl-ethanolamines N-docosapentaenyl-ethanolamine and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine. CAE produced few but important alterations in the fecal microbiota, such as an increased relative abundance of the genus Flavonifractor, which is known to be inversely associated with obesity. Correlations between eCBome mediators and other potentially beneficial taxa were also observed, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of a link between the eCBome and the gut microbiome in obesity.
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A Duet Between Histamine and Oleoylethanolamide in the Control of Homeostatic and Cognitive Processes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:389-410. [PMID: 34410679 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In ballet, a pas de deux (in French it means "step of two") is a duet in which the two dancers perform ballet steps together. The suite of dances shares a common theme of partnership. How could we better describe the fine interplay between oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and histamine, two phylogenetically ancient molecules controlling metabolic, homeostatic and cognitive processes? Contrary to the pas de deux though, the two dancers presumably never embrace each other as a dancing pair but execute their "virtuoso solo" constantly exchanging interoceptive messages presumably via vagal afferents, the blood stream, the neuroenteric system. With one exception, which is in the control of liver ketogenesis, as in hepatocytes, OEA biosynthesis strictly depends on the activation of histaminergic H1 receptors. In this review, we recapitulate our main findings that evidence the interplay of histamine and OEA in the control of food consumption and eating behaviour, in the consolidation of emotional memory and mood, and finally, in the synthesis of ketone bodies. We will also summarise some of the putative underlying mechanisms for each scenario.
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Carbone F, Ciaula AD, Pagano S, Minetti S, Ansaldo AM, Ferrara D, Belfiore A, Elia E, Pugliese S, Ostilio Palmieri V, Montecucco F, Vuilleumier N, Portincasa P. Anti-ApoA-1 IgGs predict resistance to waist circumference reduction after Mediterranean diet. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13410. [PMID: 32918294 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pagano
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Minetti
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ansaldo
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Ferrara
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Belfiore
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Pugliese
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ostilio Palmieri
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vuilleumier
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Medical Faculty, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Wen JJ, Li MZ, Gao H, Hu JL, Nie QX, Chen HH, Zhang YL, Xie MY, Nie SP. Polysaccharides from fermented Momordica charantia L. with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 ameliorate metabolic disorders and gut microbiota change in obese rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:2617-2630. [PMID: 33634806 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by overweight resulting from fat accumulation, along with disturbance of metabolism and gut microbiota. Fermentation, as a green processing method, is beneficial for improving the nutrition capacity of food components. Polysaccharides are considered as one of the important components in food and are also potential supplements for anti-obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides from fermented and non-fermented Momordica charantia L. with Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 (FP and NFP) on obese rats by serum metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis. Metabolomics results revealed that abnormal lipid metabolism was formed due to obesity. The supplement of FP and NFP improved the glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and amino acid metabolism of the obese rats, which alleviated the hypercholesterolemia and overweight in rats. Furthermore, the disorder of gut microbiota was ameliorated by FP and NFP. FP promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as phylum Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and genera Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. FP also reduced several harmful bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and genera Helicobacter. The positive correlation of the weight loss and lowering of serum lipids with the increased beneficial bacteria further elucidated that the anti-obesity effect of FP in obese rats is associated with the regulation of gut microbiota and serum metabolites. The results of this study could provide information for developing probiotic products in the future that may have beneficial effects on the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China.
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11
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Sbierski-Kind J, Mai K, Kath J, Jurisch A, Streitz M, Kuchenbecker L, Babel N, Nienen M, Jürchott K, Spranger L, Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg R, Decker AM, Krüger U, Volk HD, Spranger J. Association between Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Calorie Restriction in Obese Females. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:45-55. [PMID: 32482712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of overweight and obesity has led to an increase in associated metabolic comorbidities. Obesity induces chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the function and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in human WAT under conditions of obesity and calorie restriction (CR) is not fully understood yet. Using a randomized interventional design, we investigated postmenopausal overweight or obese female subjects who either underwent CR for 3 mo followed by a 4-wk phase of weight maintenance or had to maintain a stable weight over the whole study period. A comprehensive immune phenotyping protocol was conducted using validated multiparameter flow cytometry analysis in blood and s.c. WAT (SAT). The TCR repertoire was analyzed by next-generation sequencing and cytokine levels were determined in SAT. Metabolic parameters were determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We found that insulin resistance correlates significantly with a shift toward the memory T cell compartment in SAT. TCR analysis revealed a diverse repertoire in SAT of overweight or obese individuals. Additionally, whereas weight loss improved systemic insulin sensitivity in the intervention group, SAT displayed no significant improvement of inflammatory parameters (cytokine levels and leukocyte subpopulations) compared with the control group. Our data demonstrate the accumulation of effector memory T cells in obese SAT and an association between systemic glucose homeostasis and inflammatory parameters in obese females. The long-standing effect of obesity-induced changes in SAT was demonstrated by preserved immune cell composition after short-term CR-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany; .,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Kath
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Jurisch
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leon Kuchenbecker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, 44625 Bochum, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, 44625 Bochum, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Spranger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Anne-Marie Decker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krüger
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; and
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12
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Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Serum Inflammatory Factors of Obese Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2020; 29:2631-2647. [PMID: 31093862 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main causes of inflammation. Previous studies have reported inconclusive results regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at describing the effect of bariatric surgery on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). PubMed/Medline and Scopus were systematically searched for all eligible studies from inception to June 2018. Results are expressed as weighted mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effects model. Overall, 116 studies which evaluated serum CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α after bariatric surgery were included. Pooled effect size showed significant reduction in serum CRP (- 5.30 mg/l, 95% CI - 5.46, - 5.15, P < 0.001), IL-6 (- 0.58 pg/ml, 95% CI - 0.64, - 0.53, P < 0.001), and TNF-α (- 0.20 pg/ml, 95% CI - 0.39, - 0.02, P = 0.031) with significant heterogeneity across studies (> 95% for all factors). Bariatric surgery significantly lowered inflammatory factors; however, baseline BMI, follow-up duration and type of surgery could impact the extent of observed effects.
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13
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Beisani M, Pappa S, Moreno P, Martínez E, Tarascó J, Granada ML, Puig R, Cremades M, Puig-Domingo M, Jordà M, Pellitero S, Balibrea JM. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy induces molecular changes in peripheral white blood cells. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:592-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Azar S, Sherf-Dagan S, Nemirovski A, Webb M, Raziel A, Keidar A, Goitein D, Sakran N, Shibolet O, Tam J, Zelber-Sagi S. Circulating Endocannabinoids Are Reduced Following Bariatric Surgery and Associated with Improved Metabolic Homeostasis in Humans. Obes Surg 2019; 29:268-276. [PMID: 30244333 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays a key role in the development of obesity and its comorbidities. Limited information exists on the changes in circulating eCBs following bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES This study aims to (i) assess the circulating levels of eCBs and related molecules and (ii) examine the association between their levels and numerous clinical/metabolic features pre- and post-operatively. METHODS Sixty-five morbidly obese patients (age 42.78 ± 9.27 years; BMI 42.00 ± 5.01 kg/m2) underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) surgery, and were followed up for 12 months. Data collected included anthropometrics and metabolic parameters. The serum levels of the eCBs, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA); and their related molecules, arachidonic acid (AA) and oleoylethanolamine (OEA) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of 2-AG, AEA, and AA were reduced post operatively with no differences in serum OEA levels. The delta changes in eCB levels between pre- and post-operation were correlated with the delta of different metabolic parameters. Positive correlations were found between delta AA and waist circumference (WC) (r = 0.28, P < 0.05), free fat mass (r = 0.26, P < 0.05), SteatoTest score (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), and ALT (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). Delta AEA levels positively correlated with WC (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). Delta 2-AG levels positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.27, P < 0.05), triglycerides (r = 0.55, P < 0.05), and SteatoTest score (r = 0.27, P < 0.05). Delta OEA levels negatively correlated with fasting glucose levels (r = - 0.27, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence that LSG surgery induces reductions in the circulating 2-AG, AEA, and AA levels, and that these changes are associated with clinical benefits related to the surgery including reduced fat mass, hepatic steatosis, glucose, and improved lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiri Sherf-Dagan
- Department Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Asnat Raziel
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrei Keidar
- Department of General Surgery, Assuta Ashdod Public Hospital, affiliated to the Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - David Goitein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Surgery C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nasser Sakran
- Assia Medical Group, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Surgery A, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Department Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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15
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Saghafi-Asl M, Maleki V. The effects of oleoylethanolamide, an endogenous PPAR-α agonist, on risk factors for NAFLD: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1057-1069. [PMID: 31111657 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Recently, some novel compounds have been investigated for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous PPAR-α agonist, has exhibited a plethora of pharmacological properties for the treatment of obesity and other obesity-associated metabolic complications. This systematic review was performed with a focus on the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to December 2018 using relevant keywords. All articles written in English evaluating the effects of OEA on the risk factors for NAFLD were eligible for the review. The evidence reviewed in this article illustrates that OEA regulates multiple biological processes associated with NAFLD, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy homeostasis through different mechanisms. In summary, many beneficial effects of OEA have led to the understanding that OEA may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of NAFLD. Although a wide range of studies have demonstrated the most useful effects of OEA on NAFLD and the associated risk factors, further clinical trials, from both in vivo studies and in vitro experiments, are warranted to verify these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Saghafi-Asl
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Zhao Y, Yan L, Peng L, Huang X, Zhang G, Chen B, Ren J, Zhou Y, Yang L, Peng L, Jin X, Wang Y. Oleoylethanolamide alleviates macrophage formation via AMPK/PPARα/STAT3 pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Xue W, Fan Z, Li L, Lu J, Zhai Y, Zhao J. The chemokine system and its role in obesity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3336-3346. [PMID: 30375006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system is a complex arrangement of molecules that attract leukocytes to the site of injury or inflammation. This chemotactic behavior gives the system the name "Chemokine." The intricate and redundant nature of the chemokine system has made it a subject of ongoing scientific investigation. Obesity is characterized as low-grade systemic or chronic inflammation that is responsible for the release of cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. Excessive tissue fat expansion triggers the release of chemokines, which in turn attract various leukocytes and activate the resident immune surveillance system, eventually leading to worsening of obesity and other related comorbidities. To date, 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family have been discovered, and over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological roles of many of these chemokines and their receptors have been elucidated. The objective of this review is to present an update on the link between chemokines and obesity under the light of recent knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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18
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Zoon HFA, de Bruijn SEM, Smeets PAM, de Graaf C, Janssen IMC, Schijns W, Aarts EO, Jager G, Boesveldt S. Altered neural responsivity to food cues in relation to food preferences, but not appetite-related hormone concentrations after RYGB-surgery. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:194-202. [PMID: 30041007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, patients report a shift in food preferences away from high-energy foods. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this shift in food preferences by assessing changes in neural responses to food pictures and odors before and after RYGB. Additionally, we investigated whether altered neural responsivity was associated with changes in plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations. DESIGN 19 RYGB patients (4 men; age 41 ± 10 years; BMI 41 ± 1 kg/m2 before; BMI 36 ± 1 kg/m2 after) participated in this study. Before and two months after RYGB surgery, they rated their food preferences using the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking Task and BOLD fMRI responses towards pictures and odors of high-, and low-energy foods and non-food items were measured. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma endocannabinoid and ghrelin concentrations pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS Patients demonstrated a shift in food preferences away from high-fat/sweet and towards low-energy/savory food products, which correlated with decreased superior parietal lobule responsivity to high-energy food odor and a reduced difference in precuneus responsivity to high-energy versus low-energy food pictures. In the anteroventral prefrontal cortex (superior frontal gyrus) the difference in deactivation towards high-energy versus non-food odors reduced. The precuneus was less deactivated in response to all cues. Plasma concentrations of anandamide were higher after surgery, while plasma concentrations of other endocannabinoids and ghrelin did not change. Alterations in appetite-related hormone concentrations did not correlate with changes in neural responsivity. CONCLUSIONS RYGB leads to changed responsivity of the frontoparietal control network that orchestrates top-down control to high-energy food compared to low-energy food and non-food cues, rather than in reward related brain regions, in a satiated state. Together with correlations with the shift in food preference from high- to low-energy foods this indicates a possible role in new food preference formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriët F A Zoon
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E M de Bruijn
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees de Graaf
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Schijns
- Vitalys Obesity Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Edo O Aarts
- Vitalys Obesity Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry Jager
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boesveldt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Repaci A, Belluomo I, Ibarra Gasparini D, Di Dalmazi G, Mastroroberto M, Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Morselli-Labate AM, Pasquali R, Pagotto U. Profiling plasma N-Acylethanolamine levels and their ratios as a biomarker of obesity and dysmetabolism. Mol Metab 2018; 14:82-94. [PMID: 29935920 PMCID: PMC6034062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective N-acylethanolamines play different roles in energy balance; anandamide (AEA) stimulates energy intake and storage, N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) counters inflammation, and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) mediates anorectic signals and lipid oxidation. Inconsistencies in the association of plasma N-acylethanolamines with human obesity and cardiometabolic risk have emerged among previous studies, possibly caused by heterogeneous cohorts and designs, and by unstandardized N-acylethanolamine measurements. We aimed to characterize changes in the plasma profile, including N-acylethanolamine levels and ratios associated with obesity, menopause in women, and ageing in men, and to define the significance of such a profile as a biomarker for metabolic imbalance. Methods Adult, drug-free women (n = 103 premenopausal and n = 81 menopausal) and men (n = 144) were stratified according to the body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (NW; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW; BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (OB; BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were determined. Validated blood processing and analytical procedures for N-acylethanolamine measurements were used. We investigated the effect of BMI and menopause in women, and BMI and age in men, as well as the BMI-independent influence of metabolic parameters on the N-acylethanolamine profile. Results BMI and waist circumference directly associated with AEA in women and men, and with PEA in premenopausal women and in men, while BMI directly associated with OEA in premenopausal women and in men. BMI, in both genders, and waist circumference, in women only, inversely associated with PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA. Menopause increased N-acylethanolamine levels, whereas ageing resulted in increasing OEA relative abundance in men. AEA and OEA abundances in premenopausal, and PEA and OEA abundances in lean menopausal women, were directly associated with hypertension. Conversely, PEA and OEA abundances lowered with hypertension in elderly men. Insulin resistance was associated with changes in N-acylethanolamine ratios specific for premenopausal (reduced PEA/AEA and OEA/AEA), menopausal (reduced OEA/AEA) women and men (reduced OEA/AEA and OEA/PEA). PEA and OEA levels increased with total cholesterol, and OEA abundance specifically increased with HDL-cholesterol. Elevated triglyceride levels were associated with increased N-acylethanolamine levels only in menopausal women. Conclusions Obesity-related N-acylethanolamine hypertone is characterized by imbalanced N-acylethanolamine ratios. The profile given by a combination of N-acylethanolamine absolute levels and ratios enables imbalances to be identified in relationship with different metabolic parameters, with specific relevance according to gender, menopause and age, representing a useful means for monitoring metabolic health. Finally, N-acylethanolamine system appears a promising target for intervention strategies. Obesity is featured by plasma N-acylethanolamine excess and imbalanced ratios. AEA excess is a biomarker of abdominal fat irrespectively of sex and menopause/age. PEA and OEA protect from hypertension in gender and menopause/age specific fashion. AEA excess in women and OEA deficiency in men are biomarkers of insulin resistance. High AEA in men and low OEA in men and menopausal women reflect low HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ibarra Gasparini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Mastroroberto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Sihag J, Jones PJH. Oleoylethanolamide: The role of a bioactive lipid amide in modulating eating behaviour. Obes Rev 2018; 19:178-197. [PMID: 29124885 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid ethanolamides are lipid mediators that regulate a plethora of physiological functions. One such bioactive lipid mediator, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), is a potent agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), which modulates increased expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 that enables the regulation of feeding behaviour. Consumption of dietary fat rich in oleic acid activates taste receptors in the gut activating specific enzymes that lead to the formation of OEA. OEA further combines with PPAR-α to enable fat oxidation in the liver, resulting in enhanced energy production. Evidence suggests that sustained ingestion of a high-fat diet abolishes the anorexic signal of OEA. Additionally, malfunction of the enterocyte that transforms oleic acid produced during fat digestion into OEA might be responsible for reduced satiety and hyperphagia, resulting in overweight and obesity. Thus, OEA anorectic signalling may be an essential element of the physiology and metabolic system regulating dietary fat intake and obesity. The evidence reviewed in this article indicates that intake of oleic acid, and thereby the resulting OEA imparting anorexic properties, is dependent on CD36, PPAR-α, enterocyte fat sensory receptors, histamine, oxytocin and dopamine; leading to increased fat oxidation and enhanced energy expenditure to induce satiety and increase feeding latency; and that a disruption in any of these systems will cease/curb fat-induced satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sihag
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - P J H Jones
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Abstract
Currently, there are no effective preventive strategies for pancreatic cancer. Obesity has been increasingly recognized as a strong but modifiable risk factor of pancreatic cancer. In this article, we aim to review the literature regarding weight loss on prevention of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased incidence of pancreatic cancer and potentially worse cancer outcome. Whereas the underlying pathomechanisms remain unclear, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and altered intestinal microbiota are all implicated in the carcinogenic effect of obesity. Weight loss, especially the durable and significant weight loss after bariatric surgery, has been shown to reduce the risks of multiple cancers and may become a good intervention for pancreatic cancer prevention.
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Pataky Z, Carrard I, Gay V, Thomas A, Carpentier A, Bobbioni-Harsch E, Golay A. Effects of a Weight Loss Program on Metabolic Syndrome, Eating Disorders and Psychological Outcomes: Mediation by Endocannabinoids? Obes Facts 2018; 11:144-156. [PMID: 29631275 PMCID: PMC5981584 DOI: 10.1159/000487890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of weight loss on endocannabinoids, cardiometabolic and psychological parameters, eating disorders (ED) as well as quality of life (QoL) and to elucidate the role of endocannabinoids in metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS In total, 114 patients with obesity were prospectively included in a 12-month weight loss program. Plasma endocannabinoids were measured by mass spectrometry; ED, psychological and QoL-related parameters were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires; physical activity was measured by accelerometer. Nutritional assessment was done by a 3-day food diary. RESULTS Among completers (n = 87), body weight decreased in 35 patients (-9.1 ± 8.6 kg), remained stable in 39 patients, and increased in 13 patients (+5.8 ± 3.4 kg). 75% of patients with MS at baseline were free of MS at follow-up, and their baseline plasma N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) values were significantly lower when compared to patients with persisting MS. At baseline, there was a positive relationship between PEA and waist circumference (p = 0.005, R2 = 0.08), fasting glucose (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.12), total cholesterol (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.11), triglycerides (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.11), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.03, R2 = 0.05) as well as depression score (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.29). CONCLUSION Plasma PEA might play a role in metabolic improvement after weight loss. Even in subjects without weight loss, a multidisciplinary intervention improves psychological outcomes, ED, and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Pataky
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Dr. Zoltan Pataky, Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, Chemin Venel 7, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Isabelle Carrard
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Gay
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Unit of Toxicology, CURML, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Carpentier
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Bobbioni-Harsch
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Golay
- Service of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Oleoylethanolamide: A fat ally in the fight against obesity. Physiol Behav 2017; 176:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Carbone F, Scopinaro N, Camerini G, Papadia FS, Cordera R, Dallegri F, Adami GF, Montecucco F. High baseline C-reactive protein levels predict partial type 2 diabetes mellitus remission after biliopancreatic diversion. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:423-429. [PMID: 28284664 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies demonstrated that surgery can improve inflammation parameters, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Few biomarkers have been investigated to potentially predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. We aimed at determining whether pre-surgery serum CRP levels could predict T2DM remission after 3 years in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, especially biliopancreatic diversion (BPD). METHODS AND RESULTS This study was conducted from 2007 to 2009 at the Surgical Department of the University of Genoa, Italy. Forty-four patients with T2DM undergoing BPD (n = 38) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 6) were enrolled. The primary endpoint was to evaluate whether pre-surgery CRP levels could predict T2DM partial remission at 3-year follow-up. Secondary endpoints were to assess whether glycaemic, lipid, and inflammatory parameters modified during the follow-up. At baseline, patients with T2DM ranged from overweight to morbid obesity, had mild dyslipidaemia, and a low-grade inflammation. Bariatric surgery improved body weight, lipid and glycaemic profile both at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Pre-surgery CRP levels progressively decreased at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Among inflammatory pre-surgery parameters, only high CRP levels were shown to predict T2DM partial remission after 3 years. Multivariate analysis confirmed the predictive value of pre-surgery CRP levels independently of age, gender, type of surgery, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery, in particular BPD, improved both metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Pre-surgery high CRP levels predicted 3-year T2DM partial remission, indicating a promising target population to be especially treated with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - L Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - N Scopinaro
- International Federation of Surgery for Obesity, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgery, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - G Camerini
- Department of Surgery, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F S Papadia
- Department of Surgery, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - R Cordera
- Diabetology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - G F Adami
- International Federation of Surgery for Obesity, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgery, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - F Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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25
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Quercioli A, Carbone F, Bonaventura A, Liberale L, Pataky Z, Thomas A, Lenglet S, Lauer E, Golay A, Dallegri F, Di Marzo V, Schindler TH, Montecucco F. Plasma palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) as a potential biomarker for impaired coronary function. Int J Cardiol 2017; 231:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sathyapalan T, Javed Z, Kilpatrick ES, Coady AM, Atkin SL. Endocannabinoid receptor blockade increases vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory markers in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:384-387. [PMID: 27651218 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Animal studies suggest that cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) blockade reduces inflammation and neovascularization by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels associated with a reduction in inflammatory markers, thereby potentially reducing cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of CB1 antagonism by rimonabant on VEGF and inflammatory markers in obese PCOS women. DESIGN Randomized, open-labelled parallel study. SETTING Endocrinology outpatient clinic in a referral centre. SUBJECTS Twenty patients with PCOS (PCOS) and biochemical hyperandrogenaemia with a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 were recruited. Patients were randomized to 1·5 g daily of metformin or 20 mg daily of rimonabant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Post hoc review to detect VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS After 12 weeks of rimonabant treatment, there was a significant increase in VEGF (99·2 ± 17·6 vs 116·2 ± 15·8 pg/ml, P < 0·01) and IL-8 (7·4 ± 11·0 vs 18·1 ± 13·2 pg/ml, P < 0·05) but not after metformin (VEGF P = 0·7; IL-8 P = 0·9). There was no significant difference in the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 following either treatment. CONCLUSION This study suggests that rimonabant CB-I blockade paradoxically raised VEGF and the cytokine IL-8 in obese women with PCOS that may have offset the potential benefit associated with weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Department of Academic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Anne-Marie Coady
- Department of Obstetric Ultrasound, Hull & East Yorkshire Women's & Children's Hospital, Hull, UK
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Hafida S, Mirshahi T, Nikolajczyk BS. The impact of bariatric surgery on inflammation: quenching the fire of obesity? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23:373-8. [PMID: 27455515 PMCID: PMC5067163 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Numerous lines of evidence support the likelihood that inflammation drives the transition from obese/metabolically healthy to obese/type 2 diabetes (T2D). Given the temporal flexibility of inflammation in obesity-associated T2D, investigators have hypothesized that a precipitous drop in diabetogenic cytokines is critical for rapid 'T2D remission' following surgery but prior to significant weight loss. We review the evidence that changes in diabetogenic cytokines play a role in outcomes of bariatric surgery, including improved glycemic control. RECENT FINDINGS A 2016 indication for bariatric surgery to treat T2D integrates the large body of data showing rapid metabolic improvement. Parameters that account for improved glycemic control prior to significant weight loss, T2D recidivism over the long term, or failure of surgery to remit T2D in some patients are incompletely understood. SUMMARY We review the evidence that changes in diabetogenic cytokines play a role in outcomes of bariatric surgery, including improved glycemic control. We brainstorm future research directions that may improve surgical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Hafida
- aSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts bWeis Center for Research; Geisinger Obesity Institute, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania cDepartment of Microbiology; Department of Pathology; Department of Medicine; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Frikke-Schmidt H, O'Rourke RW, Lumeng CN, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. Does bariatric surgery improve adipose tissue function? Obes Rev 2016; 17:795-809. [PMID: 27272117 PMCID: PMC5328428 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity. Not only do these types of surgeries produce significant weight loss but also they improve insulin sensitivity and whole body metabolic function. The aim of this review is to explore how altered physiology of adipose tissue may contribute to the potent metabolic effects of some of these procedures. This includes specific effects on various fat depots, the function of individual adipocytes and the interaction between adipose tissue and other key metabolic tissues. Besides a dramatic loss of fat mass, bariatric surgery shifts the distribution of fat from visceral to the subcutaneous compartment favoring metabolic improvement. The sensitivity towards lipolysis controlled by insulin and catecholamines is improved, adipokine secretion is altered and local adipose inflammation as well as systemic inflammatory markers decreases. Some of these changes have been shown to be weight loss independent, and novel hypothesis for these effects includes include changes in bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota and central regulation of metabolism. In conclusion bariatric surgery is capable of improving aspects of adipose tissue function and do so in some cases in ways that are not entirely explained by the potent effect of surgery. © 2016 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - C N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - D A Sandoval
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - R J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Schmitz J, Evers N, Awazawa M, Nicholls HT, Brönneke HS, Dietrich A, Mauer J, Blüher M, Brüning JC. Obesogenic memory can confer long-term increases in adipose tissue but not liver inflammation and insulin resistance after weight loss. Mol Metab 2016; 5:328-339. [PMID: 27110485 PMCID: PMC4837291 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity represents a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and certain cancer entities. Treatment of obesity is hindered by the long-term maintenance of initially reduced body weight, and it remains unclear whether all pathologies associated with obesity are fully reversible even upon successfully maintained weight loss. Methods We compared high fat diet-fed, weight reduced and lean mice in terms of body weight development, adipose tissue and liver insulin sensitivity as well as inflammatory gene expression. Moreover, we assessed similar parameters in a human cohort before and after bariatric surgery. Results Compared to lean animals, mice that demonstrated successful weight reduction showed increased weight gain following exposure to ad libitum control diet. However, pair-feeding weight-reduced mice with lean controls efficiently stabilized body weight, indicating that hyperphagia was the predominant cause for the observed weight regain. Additionally, whereas glucose tolerance improved rapidly after weight loss, systemic insulin resistance was retained and ameliorated only upon prolonged pair-feeding. Weight loss enhanced insulin action and resolved pro-inflammatory gene expression exclusively in the liver, whereas visceral adipose tissue displayed no significant improvement of metabolic and inflammatory parameters compared to obese mice. Similarly, bariatric surgery in humans (n = 55) resulted in massive weight reduction, improved hepatic inflammation and systemic glucose homeostasis, while adipose tissue inflammation remained unaffected and adipocyte-autonomous insulin action only exhibit minor improvements in a subgroup of patients (42%). Conclusions These results demonstrate that although sustained weight loss improves systemic glucose homeostasis, primarily through improved inflammation and insulin action in liver, a remarkable obesogenic memory can confer long-term increases in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice as well as in a significant subpopulation of obese patients. Upon weight loss in mice liver insulin sensitivity rapidly improves. Upon weight loss in mice fat retains metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Weight gain upon successful weight reduction in mice is driven by increased food intake. A proportion of human subjects undergoing bariatric surgery retain AT-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmitz
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - N Evers
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Awazawa
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - H T Nicholls
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - H S Brönneke
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - A Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Mauer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Gleueler Str. 50, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
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