1
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Yuan H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Dong JF, Zhao Z. Transcription factors in megakaryocytes and platelets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140501. [PMID: 36969155 PMCID: PMC10034027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors bind promoter or regulatory sequences of a gene to regulate its rate of transcription. However, they are also detected in anucleated platelets. The transcription factors RUNX1, GATA1, STAT3, NFκB, and PPAR have been widely reported to play key roles in the pathophysiology of platelet hyper-reactivity, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. These non-transcriptional activities are independent of gene transcription or protein synthesis but their underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly defined. Genetic and acquired defects in these transcription factors are associated with the production of platelet microvesicles that are known to initiate and propagate coagulation and to promote thrombosis. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the study of transcription factors in platelet generation, reactivity, and production of microvesicles, with a focus on non-transcriptional activities of selected transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yafan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- BloodWorks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zilong Zhao, ; Jing-fei Dong,
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2
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Veuthey L, Aliotta A, Bertaggia Calderara D, Pereira Portela C, Alberio L. Mechanisms Underlying Dichotomous Procoagulant COAT Platelet Generation-A Conceptual Review Summarizing Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052536. [PMID: 35269679 PMCID: PMC8910683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procoagulant platelets are a subtype of activated platelets that sustains thrombin generation in order to consolidate the clot and stop bleeding. This aspect of platelet activation is gaining more and more recognition and interest. In fact, next to aggregating platelets, procoagulant platelets are key regulators of thrombus formation. Imbalance of both subpopulations can lead to undesired thrombotic or bleeding events. COAT platelets derive from a common pro-aggregatory phenotype in cells capable of accumulating enough cytosolic calcium to trigger specific pathways that mediate the loss of their aggregating properties and the development of new adhesive and procoagulant characteristics. Complex cascades of signaling events are involved and this may explain why an inter-individual variability exists in procoagulant potential. Nowadays, we know the key agonists and mediators underlying the generation of a procoagulant platelet response. However, we still lack insight into the actual mechanisms controlling this dichotomous pattern (i.e., procoagulant versus aggregating phenotype). In this review, we describe the phenotypic characteristics of procoagulant COAT platelets, we detail the current knowledge on the mechanisms of the procoagulant response, and discuss possible drivers of this dichotomous diversification, in particular addressing the impact of the platelet environment during in vivo thrombus formation.
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4
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Abstract
Structurally, aquaporins (AQPs) are small channel proteins with monomers of ~ 30 kDa that are assembled as tetramers to form pores on cell membranes. Aquaporins mediate the conduction of water but at times also small solutes including glycerol across cell membranes and along osmotic gradients. Thirteen isoforms of AQPs have been reported in mammalian cells, and several of these are likely expressed in platelets. Osmotic swelling mediated by AQP1 sustains the calcium entry required for platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and microvesiculation, through calcium permeable stretch-activated or mechanosensitive cation channels. Notably, deletion of AQP1 diminishes platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics in vitro and arterial thrombosis in vivo, independent of platelet granule secretion and without affecting hemostasis. Water entry into platelets promotes procoagulant activity, and AQPs may also be critical for the initiation and progression of venous thrombosis. Platelet AQPs may therefore represent valuable targets for future development of a new class of antithrombotics, namely, anti-procoagulant antithrombotics, that are mechanistically distinct from current antithrombotics. However, the structure of AQPs does not make for easy targeting of these channels, hence they remain elusive drug targets. Nevertheless, thrombosis data in animal models provide compelling reasons to continue the pursuit of AQP-targeted antithrombotics. In this review, we discuss the role of aquaporins in platelet secretion, aggregation and procoagulation, the challenge of drugging AQPs, and the prospects of targeting AQPs for arterial and venous antithrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, England, UK
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5
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Wu J, Heemskerk JWM, Baaten CCFMJ. Platelet Membrane Receptor Proteolysis: Implications for Platelet Function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:608391. [PMID: 33490118 PMCID: PMC7820117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.608391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of adhesion and signaling receptors in platelets are controlled by several mechanisms. An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. We provide a comprehensive overview of the proteases acting on the platelet membrane. We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. The review focuses on coagulation-related proteases, plasmin, matrix metalloproteinases, ADAM(TS) isoforms, cathepsins, caspases, and calpains. We also describe how the proteolytic activities are determined by different platelet populations in a thrombus and conversely how proteolysis contributes to the formation of such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Tohidi-Esfahani I, Lee CSM, Liang HPH, Chen VMY. Procoagulant platelets: Laboratory detection and clinical significance. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 42 Suppl 1:59-67. [PMID: 32543068 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in both haemostasis and thrombosis, and it is now evident that not all platelets behave the same when they are called to action. A functionally distinct subpopulation of platelets forms in response to maximal agonist stimulation: the procoagulant platelet. This platelet subpopulation is defined by its ability to expose phosphatidylserine on its surface, allowing for coagulation factor complexes to form and generate bursts of thrombin and fibrin to stabilize platelet clots. Reduced levels of procoagulant platelets have been linked to bleeding in Scott's syndrome and haemophilia A patients, and elevated levels have been demonstrated in many thrombotic disorders, including identifying patients at higher risk for stroke recurrence. One obstacle for incorporating an assay for measuring procoagulant platelets into clinical management algorithms is the lack of consensus on the exact definition and markers for this subpopulation. This review will outline the biological characteristics of procoagulant platelets and the laboratory assays currently used to identify them in research settings. It will summarize the findings of clinical research demonstrating the relevance of measuring the procoagulant platelet levels in patients and will discuss how an appropriate assay can be used to elucidate the mechanism behind the formation of this subpopulation, facilitating novel drug discovery to improve upon current outcomes in cardiovascular and other thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Tohidi-Esfahani
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine S M Lee
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hai Po H Liang
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivien M Y Chen
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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van Geffen JP, Swieringa F, van Kuijk K, Tullemans BME, Solari FA, Peng B, Clemetson KJ, Farndale RW, Dubois LJ, Sickmann A, Zahedi RP, Ahrends R, Biessen EAL, Sluimer JC, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE. Mild hyperlipidemia in mice aggravates platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and exploration of platelet proteome and lipidome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21407. [PMID: 33293576 PMCID: PMC7722935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Millions of people worldwide display mildly elevated levels of plasma lipids and cholesterol linked to diet and life-style. While the prothrombotic risk of severe hyperlipidemia has been established, the effects of moderate hyperlipidemia are less clear. Here, we studied platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice fed a normal chow diet, resulting in mildly increased plasma cholesterol. In blood from both knockout mice, collagen-dependent thrombus and fibrin formation under flow were enhanced. These effects did not increase in severe hyperlipidemic blood from aged mice and upon feeding a high-fat diet (Apoe-/- mice). Bone marrow from wild-type or Ldlr-/- mice was transplanted into irradiated Ldlr-/- recipients. Markedly, thrombus formation was enhanced in blood from chimeric mice, suggesting that the hyperlipidemic environment altered the wild-type platelets, rather than the genetic modification. The platelet proteome revealed high similarity between the three genotypes, without clear indication for a common protein-based gain-of-function. The platelet lipidome revealed an altered lipid profile in mildly hyperlipidemic mice. In conclusion, in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, modest elevation in plasma and platelet cholesterol increased platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and ensuing fibrin formation, resulting in a prothrombotic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P van Geffen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian M E Tullemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fiorella A Solari
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bing Peng
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kenneth J Clemetson
- Department of Haematology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany
| | - René P Zahedi
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany.,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS- e.V, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Morrow GB, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ. Functional plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is retained on the activated platelet membrane following platelet activation. Haematologica 2020; 105:2824-2833. [PMID: 33256381 PMCID: PMC7716352 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets harbor the primary reservoir of circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), but the reportedly low functional activity of this pool of inhibitor has led to debate over its contribution to thrombus stability. Here we analyze the fate of PAI-1 secreted from activated platelets and examine its role in maintaining thrombus integrity. Activation of platelets results in translocation of PAI-1 to the outer leaflet of the membrane, with maximal exposure in response to strong dual agonist stimulation. PAI-1 is found to co-localize in the cap of PS-exposing platelets with its cofactor, vitronectin, and fibrinogen. Inclusion of tirofiban or Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro significantly attenuated exposure of PAI-1, indicating a crucial role for integrin αIIbβ3 and fibrin in delivery of PAI-1 to the activated membrane. Separation of platelets post-stimulation into soluble and cellular components revealed the presence of PAI-1 antigen and activity in both fractions, with approximately 40% of total platelet-derived PAI-1 remaining associated with the cellular fraction. Using a variety of fibrinolytic models we found that platelets produce a strong stabilizing effect against tPA-mediated clot lysis. Platelet lysate, as well as soluble and cellular fractions stabilize thrombi against premature degradation in a PAI-1 dependent manner. Our data show for the first time that a functional pool of PAI-1 is anchored to the membrane of stimulated platelets and regulates local fibrinolysis. We reveal a key role for integrin αIIbβ3 and fibrin in delivery of PAI-1 from platelet α-granules to the activated membrane. These data suggest that targeting platelet-associated PAI-1 may represent a viable target for novel profibrinolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael B. Morrow
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Nicola J. Mutch
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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9
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Johnson L, Vekariya S, Tan S, Padula MP, Marks DC. Extended storage of thawed platelets: Refrigeration supports postthaw quality for 10 days. Transfusion 2020; 60:2969-2981. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
| | - Shuchna Vekariya
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
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10
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Patel P, Naik UP. Platelet MAPKs-a 20+ year history: What do we really know? J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2087-2102. [PMID: 32574399 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The existence of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in platelets has been known for more than 20 years. Since that time hundreds of reports have been published describing the conditions that cause MAPK activation in platelets and their role in regulating diverse platelet functions from the molecular to physiological level. However, this cacophony of reports, with inconsistent and sometimes contradictory findings, has muddied the waters leading to great confusion. Since the last review of platelet MAPKs was published more than a decade ago, there have been more than 50 reports, including the description of novel knockout mouse models, that have furthered our knowledge. Therefore, we undertook an extensive literature review to delineate what is known about platelet MAPKs. We specifically discuss what is currently known about how MAPKs are activated and what signaling cascades they regulate in platelets incorporating recent findings from knockout mouse models. In addition, we will discuss the role each MAPK plays in regulating distinct platelet functions. In doing so, we hope to clarify the role for MAPKs and identify knowledge gaps in this field that await future researchers. In addition, we discuss the limitations of current studies with a particular focus on the off-target effects of commonly used MAPK inhibitors. We conclude with a look at the clinical utility of MAPK inhibitors as potential antithrombotic therapies with an analysis of current clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Patel
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulhas P Naik
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Center for Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Provenzale I, Brouns SLN, van der Meijden PEJ, Swieringa F, Heemskerk JWM. Whole Blood Based Multiparameter Assessment of Thrombus Formation in Standard Microfluidic Devices to Proxy In Vivo Haemostasis and Thrombosis. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110787. [PMID: 31744132 PMCID: PMC6915499 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic assays are versatile tests which, using only small amounts of blood, enable high throughput analyses of platelet function in several minutes. In combination with fluorescence microscopy, these flow tests allow real-time visualisation of platelet activation with the possibility of examining combinatorial effects of wall shear rate, coagulation and modulation by endothelial cells. In particular, the ability to use blood and blood cells from healthy subjects or patients makes this technology promising, both for research and (pre)clinical diagnostic purposes. In the present review, we describe how microfluidic devices are used to assess the roles of platelets in thrombosis and haemostasis. We place emphasis on technical aspects and on experimental designs that make the concept of "blood-vessel-component-on-a-chip" an attractive, rapidly developing technology for the study of the complex biological processes of blood coagulability in the presence of flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Provenzale
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (J.W.M.H.); Tel.: +31-43-3881671 or +31-43-3881674 (J.W.M.H.)
| | | | | | | | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (J.W.M.H.); Tel.: +31-43-3881671 or +31-43-3881674 (J.W.M.H.)
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12
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13
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Agbani EO, Williams CM, Li Y, van den Bosch MT, Moore SF, Mauroux A, Hodgson L, Verkman AS, Hers I, Poole AW. Aquaporin-1 regulates platelet procoagulant membrane dynamics and in vivo thrombosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99062. [PMID: 29769447 PMCID: PMC6012506 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to collagen stimulation, platelets use a coordinated system of fluid entry to undergo membrane ballooning, procoagulant spreading, and microvesiculation. We hypothesized that water entry was mediated by the water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and aimed to determine its role in the platelet procoagulant response and thrombosis. We established that human and mouse platelets express AQP1 and localize to internal tubular membrane structures. However, deletion of AQP1 had minimal effects on collagen-induced platelet granule secretion, aggregation, or membrane ballooning. Conversely, procoagulant spreading, microvesiculation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and clot formation time were significantly diminished. Furthermore, in vivo thrombus formation after FeCl3 injury to carotid arteries was also markedly suppressed in AQP1-null mice, but hemostasis after tail bleeding remained normal. The mechanism involves an AQP1-mediated rapid membrane stretching during procoagulant spreading but not ballooning, leading to calcium entry through mechanosensitive cation channels and a full procoagulant response. We conclude that AQP1 is a major regulator of the platelet procoagulant response, able to modulate coagulation after injury or pathologic stimuli without affecting other platelet functional responses or normal hemostasis. Clinically effective AQP1 inhibitors may therefore represent a novel class of antiprocoagulant antithrombotics. AQP1 controls platelet procoagulant response and modulates coagulation after injury or pathologic stimuli without affecting other platelet functional responses or normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaife O Agbani
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Li
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Tj van den Bosch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha F Moore
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Adele Mauroux
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Hodgson
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Babur Ö, Ngo ATP, Rigg RA, Pang J, Rub ZT, Buchanan AE, Mitrugno A, David LL, McCarty OJT, Demir E, Aslan JE. Platelet procoagulant phenotype is modulated by a p38-MK2 axis that regulates RTN4/Nogo proximal to the endoplasmic reticulum: utility of pathway analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 314:C603-C615. [PMID: 29412690 PMCID: PMC6008067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00177.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Upon encountering physiological cues associated with damaged or inflamed endothelium, blood platelets set forth intracellular responses to ultimately support hemostatic plug formation and vascular repair. To gain insights into the molecular events underlying platelet function, we used a combination of interactome, pathway analysis, and other systems biology tools to analyze associations among proteins functionally modified by reversible phosphorylation upon platelet activation. While an interaction analysis mapped out a relative organization of intracellular mediators in platelet signaling, pathway analysis revealed directional signaling relations around protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) associated with platelet cytoskeletal dynamics, inflammatory responses, and hemostatic function. Pathway and causality analysis further suggested that platelets activate a specific p38-MK2 axis to phosphorylate RTN4 (reticulon-4, also known as Nogo), a Bcl-xl sequestration protein and critical regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) physiology. In vitro, we find that platelets drive a p38-MK2-RTN4-Bcl-xl pathway associated with the regulation of the ER and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure. Together, our results support the use of pathway tools in the analysis of omics data sets as a means to help generate novel, mechanistic, and testable hypotheses for platelet studies while uncovering RTN4 as a putative regulator of platelet cell physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Babur
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Rachel A Rigg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhoe T Rub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Ariana E Buchanan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Annachiara Mitrugno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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15
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Coagulopathy induced by traumatic brain injury: systemic manifestation of a localized injury. Blood 2018; 131:2001-2006. [PMID: 29507078 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-784108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced coagulopathy is a common and well-recognized risk for poor clinical outcomes, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and treatment options are limited and ineffective. We discuss the recent progress and knowledge gaps in understanding this lethal complication of TBI. We focus on (1) the disruption of the brain-blood barrier to disseminate brain injury systemically by releasing brain-derived molecules into the circulation and (2) TBI-induced hypercoagulable and hyperfibrinolytic states that result in persistent and delayed intracranial hemorrhage and systemic bleeding.
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16
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Zhou Y, Cai W, Zhao Z, Hilton T, Wang M, Yeon J, Liu W, Zhang F, Shi FD, Wu X, Thiagarajan P, Li M, Zhang J, Dong JF. Lactadherin promotes microvesicle clearance to prevent coagulopathy and improves survival of severe TBI mice. Blood 2018; 131:563-572. [PMID: 29162596 PMCID: PMC5794502 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-801738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathy is common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and predicts poor clinical outcomes. We have shown that brain-derived extracellular microvesicles, including extracellular mitochondria, play a key role in the development of TBI-induced coagulopathy. Here, we further show in mouse models that the apoptotic cell-scavenging factor lactadherin, given at a single dose of 400 μg/kg 30 minutes before (preconditioning) or 30 minutes after cerebral fluid percussion injury, prevented coagulopathy as defined by clotting time, fibrinolysis, intravascular fibrin deposition, and microvascular bleeding of the lungs. Lactadherin also reduced cerebral edema, improved neurological function, and increased survival. It achieved these protective effects by enhancing the clearance of circulating microvesicles through phosphatidylserine-mediated phagocytosis. Together, these results identify the scavenging system for apoptotic cells as a potential therapeutic target to prevent TBI-induced coagulopathy and improve the outcome of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Min Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jason Yeon
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX; and
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, Lanzhou University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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17
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Alberio L, Ravanat C, Hechler B, Mangin PH, Lanza F, Gachet C. Delayed-onset of procoagulant signalling revealed by kinetic analysis of COAT platelet formation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1101-1114. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-09-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe combined action of collagen and thrombin induces the formation of COAT platelets, which are characterised by a coat of procoagulant and adhesive molecules on their surface. Although recent work has started to highlight their clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms regulating the formation of procoagulant COAT platelets remain unclear. Therefore, we employed flow cytometry in order to visualise in real time surface and intracellular events following simultaneous platelet activation with convulxin and thrombin. After a rapid initial response pattern characterised by the homogenous activation of the fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in all platelets, starting with a delay of about 2 minutes an increasing fraction transforms to procoagulant COAT platelets. Their surface is characterised by progressive loss of PAC-1 binding, expression of negative phospholipids and retention of α-granule von Willebrand factor. Intracellular events in procoagulant COAT platelets are a marked increase of free calcium into the low micromolar range, concomitantly with early depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane and activation of caspase-3, while non-COAT platelets keep the intracellular free calcium in the nanomolar range and maintain an intact mitochondrial membrane. We show for the first time that the flow-cytometrically distinct fractions of COAT and non-COAT platelets differentially phosphorylate two signalling proteins, PKCα and p38MAPK, which may be involved in the regulation of the different calcium fluxes observed in COAT versus non-COAT platelets. This study demonstrates the utility of concomitant cellular and signalling evaluation using flow cytometry in order to further dissect the mechanisms underlying the dichotomous platelet response observed after collagen/thrombin stimulation.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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18
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Platelet populations and priming in hematological diseases. Blood Rev 2017; 31:389-399. [PMID: 28756877 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In healthy subjects and patients with hematological diseases, platelet populations can be distinguished with different response spectra in hemostatic and vascular processes. These populations partly overlap, and are less distinct than those of leukocytes. The platelet heterogeneity is linked to structural properties, and is enforced by inequalities in the environment. Contributing factors are variability between megakaryocytes, platelet ageing, and positive or negative priming of platelets during their time in circulation. Within a hemostatic plug or thrombus, platelet heterogeneity is enhanced by unequal exposure to agonists, with populations of contracted platelets in the thrombus core, discoid platelets at the thrombus surface, patches of ballooned and procoagulant platelets forming thrombin, and coated platelets binding fibrin. Several pathophysiological hematological conditions can positively or negatively prime the responsiveness of platelet populations. As a consequence, in vivo and in vitro markers of platelet activation can differ in thrombotic and hematological disorders.
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19
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Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Li M, Dong JF, Zhang J. Cellular microparticles and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Protein Cell 2017; 8:801-810. [PMID: 28466387 PMCID: PMC5676589 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The finding that cellular microparticles (MPs) generated by injured cells profoundly impact on pathological courses of TBI has paved the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MPs are subcellular fragments or organelles that serve as carriers of lipids, adhesive receptors, cytokines, nucleic acids, and tissue-degrading enzymes that are unique to the parental cells. Their sub-micron sizes allow MPs to travel to areas that parental cells are unable to reach to exercise diverse biological functions. In this review, we summarize recent developments in identifying a casual role of MPs in the pathologies of TBI and suggest that MPs serve as a new class of therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of TBI and associated systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- BloodWorks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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20
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Seon GM, Lee MH, Kwon BJ, Kim MS, Koo MA, Kim D, Seomun Y, Kim JT, Park JC. Functional improvement of hemostatic dressing by addition of recombinant batroxobin. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:175-185. [PMID: 27769944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of natural materials have been used as hemostatic agents, many substances do not act quickly enough. Here, we created a novel dressings using collagen and chitosan with recombinant batroxobin (r-Bat) to promote faster and more effective hemostasis. We hypothesized that r-Bat would promote synergetic blood coagulation because it contains a blood coagulation active site different than those of collagen and chitosan. Our results suggest that each substances can maintain hemostatic properties while in the mixed dressings and that our novel hemostatic dressings promotes potent control of bleeding, as demonstrated by a whole blood assay and rat hemorrhage model. In a rat femoral artery model, the scaffold with a high r-Bat concentration more rapidly controlled excessive bleeding. This novel dressings has enormous possible for rapidly controlling bleeding and it improves upon the effect of collagen and chitosan used alone. Our novel r-Bat dressings is a possible candidate for improving preoperative care and displays promising properties as an absorbable agent in hemostasis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Despite the excellent hemostatic properties of collagen and chitosan pads, they reported to brittle behavior and lack sufficient hemostatic effect within relevant time. Therefore, we created a novel pad using collagen and chitosan with recombinant batroxobin (r-Bat). r-Bat acts as a thrombin-like enzyme in the coagulation cascade. Specifically, r-Bat, in contrast to thrombin, only splits fibrinopeptide A off and does not influence other hemostatic factors or cells, which makes it clinically useful as a stable hemostatic agent. Also the materials in the pad have synergetic effect because they have different hemostatic mechanisms in the coagulation cascade. This report propose the novel hemostatic pad isreasonable that a great potential for excessive bleeding injury and improve effects of natural substance hemostatic pad.
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21
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Aatonen M, Valkonen S, Böing A, Yuana Y, Nieuwland R, Siljander P. Isolation of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1545:177-188. [PMID: 27943214 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6728-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets participate in several physiological functions, including hemostasis, immunity, and development. Additionally, platelets play key roles in arterial thrombosis and cancer progression. Given this plethora of functions, there is a strong interest of the role of platelet-derived (extracellular) vesicles (PDEVs) as functional mediators and biomarkers. Moreover, the majority of the blood-borne EVs are thought to originate from either platelets or directly from the platelet precursor cells, the megakaryocytes, which reside in the bone marrow. To circumvent confusion, we use the term PDEVs for both platelet-derived and/or megakaryocyte-derived EVs. PDEVs can be isolated from blood or from isolated platelets after activation. In this chapter, we describe all commonly used PDEV isolation methods from blood and prepurified platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aatonen
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 D, 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Valkonen
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 D, 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Centre of the University ofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Böing
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Centre of the University ofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuana Yuana
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Centre of the University ofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Vesicle Observation Center, Academic Medical Centre of the University ofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pia Siljander
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 D, 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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22
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Solari FA, Mattheij NJA, Burkhart JM, Swieringa F, Collins PW, Cosemans JMEM, Sickmann A, Heemskerk JWM, Zahedi RP. Combined Quantification of the Global Proteome, Phosphoproteome, and Proteolytic Cleavage to Characterize Altered Platelet Functions in the Human Scott Syndrome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3154-3169. [PMID: 27535140 PMCID: PMC5054341 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Scott syndrome is a very rare and likely underdiagnosed bleeding disorder associated with mutations in the gene encoding anoctamin-6. Platelets from Scott patients are impaired in various Ca2+-dependent responses, including phosphatidylserine exposure, integrin closure, intracellular protein cleavage, and cytoskeleton-dependent morphological changes. Given the central role of anoctamin-6 in the platelet procoagulant response, we used quantitative proteomics to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms and the complex phenotypic changes in Scott platelets compared with control platelets. Therefore, we applied an iTRAQ-based multi-pronged strategy to quantify changes in (1) the global proteome, (2) the phosphoproteome, and (3) proteolytic events between resting and stimulated Scott and control platelets. Our data indicate a limited number of proteins with decreased (70) or increased (64) expression in Scott platelets, among those we confirmed the absence of anoctamin-6 and the strong up-regulation of aquaporin-1 by parallel reaction monitoring. The quantification of 1566 phosphopeptides revealed major differences between Scott and control platelets after stimulation with thrombin/convulxin or ionomycin. In Scott platelets, phosphorylation levels of proteins regulating cytoskeletal or signaling events were increased. Finally, we quantified 1596 N-terminal peptides in activated Scott and control platelets, 180 of which we identified as calpain-regulated, whereas a distinct set of 23 neo-N termini was caspase-regulated. In Scott platelets, calpain-induced cleavage of cytoskeleton-linked and signaling proteins was downregulated, in accordance with an increased phosphorylation state. Thus, multipronged proteomic profiling of Scott platelets provides detailed insight into their protection against detrimental Ca2+-dependent changes that are normally associated with phosphatidylserine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella A Solari
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine J A Mattheij
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia M Burkhart
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frauke Swieringa
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W Collins
- ¶Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Sickmann
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany; ‖Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; **Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- §Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - René P Zahedi
- From the ‡Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany;
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23
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Mattheij NJA, Braun A, van Kruchten R, Castoldi E, Pircher J, Baaten CCFMJ, Wülling M, Kuijpers MJE, Köhler R, Poole AW, Schreiber R, Vortkamp A, Collins PW, Nieswandt B, Kunzelmann K, Cosemans JMEM, Heemskerk JWM. Survival protein anoctamin-6 controls multiple platelet responses including phospholipid scrambling, swelling, and protein cleavage. FASEB J 2016; 30:727-37. [PMID: 26481309 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-280446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scott syndrome is a rare bleeding disorder, characterized by altered Ca(2+)-dependent platelet signaling with defective phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and microparticle formation, and is linked to mutations in the ANO6 gene, encoding anoctamin (Ano)6. We investigated how the complex platelet phenotype of this syndrome is linked to defective expression of Anos or other ion channels. Mice were generated with heterozygous of homozygous deficiency in Ano6, Ano1, or Ca(2+)-dependent KCa3.1 Gardos channel. Platelets from these mice were extensively analyzed on molecular functions and compared with platelets from a patient with Scott syndrome. Deficiency in Ano1 or Gardos channel did not reduce platelet responses compared with control mice (P > 0.1). In 2 mouse strains, deficiency in Ano6 resulted in reduced viability with increased bleeding time to 28.6 min (control 6.4 min, P < 0.05). Platelets from the surviving Ano6-deficient mice resembled platelets from patients with Scott syndrome in: 1) normal collagen-induced aggregate formation (P > 0.05) with reduced PS exposure (-65 to 90%); 2) lowered Ca(2+)-dependent swelling (-80%) and membrane blebbing (-90%); 3) reduced calpain-dependent protein cleavage (-60%); and 4) moderately affected apoptosis-dependent PS exposure. In conclusion, mouse deficiency of Ano6 but not of other channels affects viability and phenocopies the complex changes in platelets from hemostatically impaired patients with Scott syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine J A Mattheij
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Braun
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Roger van Kruchten
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabetta Castoldi
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Pircher
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Wülling
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Köhler
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Collins
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- *Department of Cell Biochemistry of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine and German Centre of Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany; Department of Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Aragon Institute of Health Sciences I+CS/IIS and ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; **Arthur Bloom Haemophilia Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Calpain-controlled detachment of major glycoproteins from the cytoskeleton regulates adhesive properties of activated phosphatidylserine-positive platelets. Biochem J 2015; 473:435-48. [PMID: 26607836 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In resting platelets, adhesive membrane glycoproteins are attached to the cytoskeleton. On strong activation, phosphatidylserine(PS)-positive and -negative platelet subpopulations are formed. Platelet activation is accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement, although the glycoprotein attachment status in these two subpopulations is not clear. We developed a new, flow cytometry-based, single-cell approach to investigate attachment of membrane glycoproteins to the cytoskeleton in cell subpopulations. In PS-negative platelets, adhesive glycoproteins integrin αIIbβ3, glycoprotein Ib and, as shown for the first time, P-selectin were associated with the cytoskeleton. In contrast, this attachment was disrupted in PS-positive platelets; it was retained to some extent only in the small convex regions or 'caps'. It correlated with the degradation of talin and filamin observed only in PS-positive platelets. Calpain inhibitors essentially prevented the disruption of membrane glycoprotein attachment in PS-positive platelets, as well as talin and filamin degradation. With the suggestion that detachment of glycoproteins from the cytoskeleton may affect platelet adhesive properties, we investigated the ability of PS-positive platelets to resist shear-induced breakaway from the immobilized fibrinogen. Shear rates of 500/s caused PS-positive platelet breakaway, but their adhesion stability increased more than 10-fold after pretreatment of the platelets with calpain inhibitor. In contrast, the ability of PS-positive platelets to adhere to immobilized von Willebrand's factor at 100/s was low, but this was not affected by the preincubation of platelets with a calpain inhibitor. Our data suggest that calpain-controlled detachment of membrane glycoproteins is a new mechanism that is responsible for the loss of ability of the procoagulant platelets to resist detachment from thrombi by high shear stress.
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Kee MF, Myers DR, Sakurai Y, Lam WA, Qiu Y. Platelet mechanosensing of collagen matrices. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126624. [PMID: 25915413 PMCID: PMC4411076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During vascular injury, platelets adhere to exposed subendothelial proteins, such as collagen, on the blood vessel walls to trigger clot formation. Although the biochemical signalings of platelet-collagen interactions have been well characterized, little is known about the role microenvironmental biomechanical properties, such as vascular wall stiffness, may have on clot formation. To that end, we investigated how substrates of varying stiffness conjugated with the same concentration of Type I collagen affect platelet adhesion, spreading, and activation. Using collagen-conjugated polyacrylamide (PA) gels of different stiffnesses, we observed that platelets do in fact mechanotransduce the stiffness cues of collagen substrates, manifesting in increased platelet spreading on stiffer substrates. In addition, increasing substrate stiffness also increases phosphatidylserine exposure, a key aspect of platelet activation that initiates coagulation on the platelet surface. Mechanistically, these collagen substrate stiffness effects are mediated by extracellular calcium levels and actomyosin pathways driven by myosin light chain kinase but not Rho-associated protein kinase. Overall, our results improve our understanding of how the mechanics of different tissues and stroma affect clot formation, what role the increased vessel wall stiffness in atherosclerosis may directly have on thrombosis leading to heart attacks and strokes, and how age-related increased vessel wall stiffness affects hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Kee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David R. Myers
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yumiko Sakurai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Plasminogen associates with phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets and contributes to thrombus lysis under flow. Blood 2015; 125:2568-78. [PMID: 25712989 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of plasminogen with platelets and their localization during thrombus formation and fibrinolysis under flow are not defined. Using a novel model of whole blood thrombi, formed under flow, we examine dose-dependent fibrinolysis using fluorescence microscopy. Fibrinolysis was dependent upon flow and the balance between fibrin formation and plasminogen activation, with tissue plasminogen activator-mediated lysis being more efficient than urokinase plasminogen activator-mediated lysis. Fluorescently labeled plasminogen radiates from platelet aggregates at the base of thrombi, primarily in association with fibrin. Hirudin attenuates, but does not abolish plasminogen binding, denoting the importance of fibrin. Flow cytometry revealed that stimulation of platelets with thrombin/convulxin significantly increased the plasminogen signal associated with phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing platelets. Binding was attenuated by tirofiban and Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro amide, confirming a role for fibrin in amplifying plasminogen binding to PS-exposing platelets. Confocal microscopy revealed direct binding of plasminogen and fibrinogen to different platelet subpopulations. Binding of plasminogen and fibrinogen co-localized with PAC-1 in the center of spread platelets. In contrast, PS-exposing platelets were PAC-1 negative, and bound plasminogen and fibrinogen in a protruding "cap." These data show that different subpopulations of platelets harbor plasminogen by diverse mechanisms and provide an essential scaffold for the accumulation of fibrinolytic proteins that mediate fibrinolysis under flow.
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27
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Musumeci L, Kuijpers MJ, Gilio K, Hego A, Théâtre E, Maurissen L, Vandereyken M, Diogo CV, Lecut C, Guilmain W, Bobkova EV, Eble JA, Dahl R, Drion P, Rascon J, Mostofi Y, Yuan H, Sergienko E, Chung TDY, Thiry M, Senis Y, Moutschen M, Mustelin T, Lancellotti P, Heemskerk JWM, Tautz L, Oury C, Rahmouni S. Dual-specificity phosphatase 3 deficiency or inhibition limits platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Circulation 2014; 131:656-68. [PMID: 25520375 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limitation of current antiplatelet therapies is their inability to separate thrombotic events from bleeding occurrences. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to platelet activation is important for the development of improved therapies. Recently, protein tyrosine phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of platelet function. METHODS AND RESULTS This is the first report implicating the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3) in platelet signaling and thrombosis. This phosphatase is highly expressed in human and mouse platelets. Platelets from DUSP3-deficient mice displayed a selective impairment of aggregation and granule secretion mediated by the collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and the C-type lectin-like receptor 2. DUSP3-deficient mice were more resistant to collagen- and epinephrine-induced thromboembolism compared with wild-type mice and showed severely impaired thrombus formation on ferric chloride-induced carotid artery injury. Intriguingly, bleeding times were not altered in DUSP3-deficient mice. At the molecular level, DUSP3 deficiency impaired Syk tyrosine phosphorylation, subsequently reducing phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 and calcium fluxes. To investigate DUSP3 function in human platelets, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of DUSP3 was developed. This compound specifically inhibited collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2-induced human platelet aggregation, thereby phenocopying the effect of DUSP3 deficiency in murine cells. CONCLUSIONS DUSP3 plays a selective and essential role in collagen- and C-type lectin-like receptor 2-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation in vivo. Inhibition of DUSP3 may prove therapeutic for arterial thrombosis. This is the first time a protein tyrosine phosphatase, implicated in platelet signaling, has been targeted with a small-molecule drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Musumeci
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Marijke J Kuijpers
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Karen Gilio
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Alexandre Hego
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Emilie Théâtre
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Lisbeth Maurissen
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Catia V Diogo
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Christelle Lecut
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - William Guilmain
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Ekaterina V Bobkova
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Johannes A Eble
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Russell Dahl
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Pierre Drion
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Justin Rascon
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Yalda Mostofi
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Marc Thiry
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Yotis Senis
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Michel Moutschen
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.)
| | - Lutz Tautz
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
| | - Cécile Oury
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- From the Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-Signal Transduction (L. Musumeci, L. Maurissen, M.V., C.V.D., M.M., S.R.), Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences (A.H., L. Maurissen, C.V.D., C.L., W.G., C.O.), Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (E.T.), Unit of Hepato-Gastroenterology, CHU de Liège and Faculty of Medicine (E.T.), GIGA-Animal Facility (B23) (P.D.), Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, GIGA-Neurosciences (M.T.), and Department of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences (P.L.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (M.J.K., K.G., L. Maurissen, J.W.M.H.); Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics (E.V.B., R.D., J.R., Y.M., H.Y., E.S., T.D.Y.C.) and NCI-Designated Cancer Center (L.T.), Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (J.A.E.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK (Y.S.).
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Lee JJ, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee SG, Kim IS, Cuong NM, Huong TT, Khanh PN, Kim YH, Yun YP, Ma JY, Myung CS. Antiplatelet action of indirubin-3'-monoxime through suppression of glycoprotein VI-mediated signal transduction: a possible role for ERK signaling in platelets. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:182-92. [PMID: 25451564 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antiplatelet activity of indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3O) and the underlying mechanisms. In a rat carotid artery injury model, oral administration (20 mg/kg/day) of I3O for 3 days significantly prolonged occlusion time, and ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. In washed platelets in vitro, I3O potently inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation by suppressing phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) phosphorylation, subsequently blocking diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid (AA) formation, P-selectin secretion and the production of thromboxane B2. Platelet aggregation induced by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, was inhibited by I3O. Both I3O and U0126, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, markedly reduced collagen-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p47, resulting in the blockade of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated AA metabolite production in AA-treated platelets. I3O suppressed phosphorylation of JNK, p38, GSK-3β, and AKT. I3O inhibited glycoprotein VI (GPVI), as a collagen receptor, by suppressing the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase Syk of GPVI and the phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and ERK1/2 stimulated by convulxin, as a specific stimulator. Our results indicate that an antiplatelet effect of I3O is due to the suppression of GPVI-mediated signaling pathways. In collagen-stimulated platelets, ERK1/2 phosphorylation is adenylyl cyclase-dependent and leads to the modulation of PKC-p47 signaling and COX-1-mediated AA-metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gil Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Manh Cuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thu Huong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Ngoc Khanh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Caugiay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Aatonen MT, Ohman T, Nyman TA, Laitinen S, Grönholm M, Siljander PRM. Isolation and characterization of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:24692. [PMID: 25147646 PMCID: PMC4125723 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate, for example, in haemostasis, immunity and development. Most studies of platelet EVs have targeted microparticles, whereas exosomes and EV characterization under various conditions have been less analyzed. Studies have been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining EVs free from contaminating cells and platelet remnants. Therefore, we optimized an EV isolation protocol and compared the quantity and protein content of EVs induced by different agonists. Methods Platelets isolated with iodixanol gradient were activated by thrombin and collagen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Ca2+ ionophore. Microparticles and exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugations. EVs were quantitated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and total protein. Size distributions were determined by NTA and electron microscopy. Proteomics was used to characterize the differentially induced EVs. Results The main EV populations were 100–250 nm and over 90% were <500 nm irrespective of the activation. However, activation pathways differentially regulated the quantity and the quality of EVs, which also formed constitutively. Thrombogenic activation was the most potent physiological EV-generator. LPS was a weak inducer of EVs, which had a selective protein content from the thrombogenic EVs. Ca2+ ionophore generated a large population of protein-poor and unselectively packed EVs. By proteomic analysis, EVs were highly heterogeneous after the different activations and between the vesicle subpopulations. Conclusions Although platelets constitutively release EVs, vesiculation can be increased, and the activation pathway determines the number and the cargo of the formed EVs. These activation-dependent variations render the use of protein content in sample normalization invalid. Since most platelet EVs are 100–250 nm, only a fraction has been analyzed by previously used methods, for example, flow cytometry. As the EV subpopulations could not be distinguished and large vesicle populations may be lost by differential centrifugation, novel methods are required for the isolation and the differentiation of all EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Aatonen
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ohman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mikaela Grönholm
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia R-M Siljander
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Coagulopathy is often observed after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the pathogenic mechanisms of this phenomenon remain elusive. Brain injury is the leading cause of trauma deaths, and the development of coagulopathy after TBI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. The coagulopathy after TBI comprises a hypocoagulable and a hypercoagulable state with hemorrhagic and thrombotic phenotypes that are both associated with worse outcome. Some theories of its pathogenesis include massive release of tissue factor, altered protein C homeostasis, microparticle upregulation, and platelet hyperactivity. This article aims to examine the coagulopathy associated with blunt head injury, to review its effect on progression of hemorrhagic injury, and to discuss the possible relevant pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha A Kumar
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Huang Z, Liu P, Zhu L, Li N, Hu H. P2X1-initiated p38 signalling enhances thromboxane A2-induced platelet secretion and aggregation. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:142-50. [PMID: 24633352 DOI: 10.1160/th13-09-0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ATP released by activated platelets can serve as a positive feedback machinery to amplify platelet responses by activating P2X1 receptors. It has, however, not been defined how P2X1 activities influence thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-stimulated platelet functional responses. Our aim was to elaborate the molecular mechanisms of P2X1 engagements in TXA2-induced platelet secretion and aggregation. P2X1 inhibition by 1 µM NF449 inhibited platelet P-selectin expression induced by a low concentration of the TXA2 analogue U46619 (0.3 µM) (32.0 ± 2.0% vs 43.4 ± 3.0%; n=5; p<0.05). p38 inhibition by SB203580, but not ERK inhibition by U0126, elicited a similar inhibition by NF499. The combination of NF449 and SB203580 provided, however, no additive effects. U46619-induced platelet aggregation was similarly decreased by NF449 and SB203580 alone or in combination, and by P2X1 pre-desensitisation with α,β-Me-ATP. U46619 caused rapid and reversible P2X1-dependent p38 phosphorylation. However, the P2X1-p38 pathway mainly enhanced mild platelet activation by U46619, because α,β-Me-ATP supplementation or p38 blockade had no effect on intense platelet activation induced by a higher concentration of U46619 (3 µM). In conclusion, P2X1 activation, via p38 signalling, potentiates platelet activation initiated by low doses of U46619. Hence, the P2X1-induced p38 signalling promotes more robust platelet activation in response to mild platelet stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N Li
- Nailin Li, MD, PhD, FAHA, Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine-Solna, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, SWEDEN, E-mail:
| | - H Hu
- Hu Hu, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, E-mail:
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Gardiner EE, Andrews RK. Structure and function of platelet receptors initiating blood clotting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 844:263-75. [PMID: 25480646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
At the clinical level, recent studies reveal the link between coagulation and other pathophysiological processes, including platelet activation, inflammation, cancer, the immune response, and/or infectious diseases. These links are likely to underpin the coagulopathy associated with risk factors for venous thromboembolic (VTE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). At the molecular level, the interactions between platelet-specific receptors and coagulation factors could help explain coagulopathy associated with aberrant platelet function, as well as revealing new approaches targeting platelet receptors in diagnosis or treatment of VTE or DVT. Glycoprotein (GP)Ibα, the major ligand-binding subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V complex, that binds the adhesive ligand, von Willebrand factor (VWF), is co-associated with the platelet-specific collagen receptor, GPVI. The GPIb-IX-V/GPVI adheso-signaling complex not only initiates platelet activation and aggregation (thrombus formation) in response to vascular injury or disease but GPIbα also regulates coagulation through a specific interaction with thrombin and other coagulation factors. Here, we discuss the structure and function of key platelet receptors involved in thrombus formation and coagulation in health and disease, with a particular focus on platelet GPIbα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rho associated coiled-coil kinase-1 regulates collagen-induced phosphatidylserine exposure in platelets. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84649. [PMID: 24358370 PMCID: PMC3865301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine mediates the platelet procoagulant activity during collagen stimulation. The Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 inhibits senescence induced but not activation induced phosphatidylserine exposure. To investigate further the specific mechanisms, we now utilized mice with genetic deletion of the ROCK1 isoform. Methods and Results ROCK1-deficient mouse platelets expose significantly more phosphatidylserine and generate more thrombin upon activation with collagen compared to wild-type platelets. There were no significant defects in platelet shape change, aggregation, or calcium response compared to wild-type platelets. Collagen-stimulated ROCK1-deficient platelets also displayed decreased phosphorylation levels of Lim Kinase-1 and cofilin-1. However, there was no reduction in phosphorylation levels of myosin phosphatase subunit-1 (MYPT1) or myosin light chain (MLC). In an invivo light/dye-induced endothelial injury/thrombosis model, ROCK1-deficient mice presented a shorter occlusion time in cremasteric venules when compared to wild-type littermates (3.16 ± 1.33 min versus 6.6 ± 2.6 min; p = 0.01). Conclusions These studies define ROCK1 as a new regulator for collagen-induced phosphatidylserine exposure in platelets with functional consequences on thrombosis. This effect was downstream of calcium signaling and was mediated by Lim Kinase-1 / cofilin-1-induced cytoskeletal changes.
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van der Meijden PEJ, Bouman AC, Feijge MAH, van Oerle R, Spronk HMH, Hamulyák K, ten Cate-Hoek AJ, ten Cate H, Heemskerk JWM. Platelet dysfunction in thrombosis patients treated with vitamin K antagonists and recurrent bleeding. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64112. [PMID: 23724024 PMCID: PMC3665853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent bleeding can complicate the treatment of thrombosis patients with vitamin K antagonists (VKA), even at a well-regulated level of anticoagulation. In this proof-of-principle study, we investigated whether alterations in platelet function or von Willebrand factor (vWf) contribute to a bleeding phenotype in these patients. METHODS In this case-control study 33 well-regulated patients without bleeding events (controls) and 33 patients with recurrent bleeding (cases) were retrospectively included. Thrombin generation and vWf were determined in plasma. Platelet function was assessed by light transmission aggregometry and flow cytometry using a validated panel of agonists. RESULTS Thrombin generation was similarly reduced in controls and cases, in comparison to normal plasma. Plasma vWf level was above the normal range in 85% of controls and 67% of the cases. vWf activity was similarly increased in all patients in comparison to healthy volunteers. Platelet aggregation was in the normal range for almost all patients irrespective of the type of agonist. However, in response to a low collagen dose, platelets from 21% of controls and 27% of cases showed diminished responses. Agonist-induced secretion of alpha- and dense-granules or integrin αIIbβ3 activation were affected in platelets from neither controls nor cases. CONCLUSION Recurrent bleeding in well-controlled patients on VKA therapy is not explained by anti-hemostatic changes in platelet or vWf function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Cosemans JMEM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Mattheij NJA, Heemskerk JWM. The effects of arterial flow on platelet activation, thrombus growth, and stabilization. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:342-52. [PMID: 23667186 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury of an arterial vessel wall acutely triggers a multifaceted process of thrombus formation, which is dictated by the high-shear flow conditions in the artery. In this overview, we describe how the classical concept of arterial thrombus formation and vascular occlusion, driven by platelet activation and fibrin formation, can be extended and fine-tuned. This has become possible because of recent insight into the mechanisms of: (i) platelet-vessel wall and platelet-platelet communication, (ii) autocrine platelet activation, and (iii) platelet-coagulation interactions, in relation to blood flow dynamics. We list over 40 studies with genetically modified mice showing a role of platelet and plasma proteins in the control of thrombus stability after vascular injury. These include multiple platelet adhesive receptors and other junctional molecules, components of the ADP receptor signalling cascade to integrin activation, proteins controlling platelet shape, and autocrine activation processes, as well as multiple plasma proteins binding to platelets and proteins of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. Regulatory roles herein of the endothelium and other blood cells are recapitulated as well. Patient studies support the contribution of platelet- and coagulation activation in the regulation of thrombus stability. Analysis of the factors determining flow-dependent thrombus stabilization and embolus formation in mice will help to understand the regulation of this process in human arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht , Maastricht University, PO Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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36
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Nergiz-Ünal R, Kuijpers MJ, de Witt SM, Heeneman S, Feijge MA, Garcia Caraballo SC, Biessen EA, Haenen GR, Cosemans JM, Heemskerk JW. Atheroprotective effect of dietary walnut intake in ApoE-deficient mice: Involvement of lipids and coagulation factors. Thromb Res 2013; 131:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barteneva NS, Fasler-Kan E, Bernimoulin M, Stern JNH, Ponomarev ED, Duckett L, Vorobjev IA. Circulating microparticles: square the circle. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23607880 PMCID: PMC3651414 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present review summarizes current knowledge about microparticles (MPs) and provides a systematic overview of last 20 years of research on circulating MPs, with particular focus on their clinical relevance. Results MPs are a heterogeneous population of cell-derived vesicles, with sizes ranging between 50 and 1000 nm. MPs are capable of transferring peptides, proteins, lipid components, microRNA, mRNA, and DNA from one cell to another without direct cell-to-cell contact. Growing evidence suggests that MPs present in peripheral blood and body fluids contribute to the development and progression of cancer, and are of pathophysiological relevance for autoimmune, inflammatory, infectious, cardiovascular, hematological, and other diseases. MPs have large diagnostic potential as biomarkers; however, due to current technological limitations in purification of MPs and an absence of standardized methods of MP detection, challenges remain in validating the potential of MPs as a non-invasive and early diagnostic platform. Conclusions Improvements in the effective deciphering of MP molecular signatures will be critical not only for diagnostics, but also for the evaluation of treatment regimens and predicting disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, D-249, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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38
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Transport Limitations of Nitric Oxide Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation under Flow. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2193-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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van Kruchten R, Mattheij NJA, Saunders C, Feijge MAH, Swieringa F, Wolfs JLN, Collins PW, Heemskerk JWM, Bevers EM. Both TMEM16F-dependent and TMEM16F-independent pathways contribute to phosphatidylserine exposure in platelet apoptosis and platelet activation. Blood 2013; 121:1850-7. [PMID: 23303820 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-454314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scott syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by defective phospholipid scrambling, has been associated with mutations in the TMEM16F gene. The role of TMEM16F in apoptosis- or agonist-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was studied in platelets from a Scott syndrome patient and control subjects. Whereas stimulation of control platelets with the BH3-mimetic ABT737 resulted in 2 distinct fractions with moderate and high PS exposure, the high PS-exposing fraction was markedly delayed in Scott platelets. High, but not moderate, PS exposure in platelets was suppressed by chelation of intracellular Ca(2+), whereas caspase inhibition completely abolished ABT737-induced PS exposure in both Scott and control platelets. On the other hand, high PS exposure induced by the Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists convulxin/thrombin fully relied on mitochondrial depolarization and was virtually absent in Scott platelets. Finally, PS exposure induced by collagen/thrombin was partly affected in Scott platelets, and the residual PS positive fraction was insensitive to inhibition of caspases or mitochondrial depolarization. In conclusion, TMEM16F is not required for, but enhances, caspase-dependent PS exposure; convulxin-/thrombin-induced PS exposure is entirely dependent on TMEM16F, whereas collagen/thrombin-induced PS exposure results from 2 distinct pathways, one of which involves mitochondrial depolarization and is mediated by TMEM16F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger van Kruchten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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40
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Heemskerk JWM, Mattheij NJA, Cosemans JMEM. Platelet-based coagulation: different populations, different functions. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:2-16. [PMID: 23106920 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets in a thrombus interact with (anti)coagulation factors and support blood coagulation. In the concept of cell-based control of coagulation, three different roles of platelets can be distinguished: control of thrombin generation, support of fibrin formation, and regulation of fibrin clot retraction. Here, we postulate that different populations of platelets with distinct surface properties are involved in these coagulant functions. Platelets with elevated Ca(2+) and exposed phosphatidylserine control thrombin and fibrin generation, while platelets with activated α(IIb) β(3) regulate clot retraction. We review how coagulation factor binding depends on the platelet activation state. Furthermore, we discuss the ligands, platelet receptors and downstream intracellular signaling pathways implicated in these coagulant functions. These insights lead to an adapted model of platelet-based coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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41
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Zhang J, Jiang R, Liu L, Watkins T, Zhang F, Dong JF. Traumatic brain injury-associated coagulopathy. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:2597-605. [PMID: 23020190 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury is a common cause of coagulopathy, primarily due to blood loss and hemodilution secondary to fluid resuscitation. Traumatic injury-associated coagulopathy often follows a course of transition from hyper- to hypocoagulable state exemplified in disseminated intravascular coagulation. The incidence of coagulopathy is significantly higher in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially those with penetrating trauma compared to injury to the trunk and limbs. This occurs despite the fact that patients with isolated TBI bleed less and receive restricted volume load of fluids. TBI-associated coagulopathy is extensively documented to associate with poor clinical outcomes, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Studies in the past have shown that brain tissue is highly enriched in key procoagulant molecules. This review focuses on the biochemical and cellular characteristics of these molecules and pathways that could make brain uniquely procoagulant and prone to coagulopathy. Understanding this unique procoagulant environment will help to identify new therapeutic targets that could reverse a state of coagulopathy with minimal impacts on hemostasis, a critical requirement for neurosurgical treatments of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University and Tianjin Neurology Institute, Tianjin, China
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42
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van der Meijden PEJ, Feijge MAH, Swieringa F, Gilio K, Nergiz-Unal R, Hamulyák K, Heemskerk JWM. Key role of integrin α(IIb)β (3) signaling to Syk kinase in tissue factor-induced thrombin generation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3481-92. [PMID: 22669259 PMCID: PMC3445795 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The fibrin(ogen) receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, has a well-established role in platelet spreading, aggregation and clot retraction. How αIIbβ3 contributes to platelet-dependent coagulation is less well resolved. Here, we demonstrate that the potent suppressing effect of clinically used αIIbβ3 blockers on tissue factor-induced thrombin generation is linked to diminished platelet Ca2+ responses and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. The same blockers suppress these responses in platelets stimulated with collagen and thrombin receptor agonists, whereas added fibrinogen potentiates these responses. In platelets spreading on fibrinogen, outside-in αIIbβ3 signaling similarly enhances thrombin-induced Ca2+ rises and PS exposure. These responses are reduced in αIIbβ3-deficient platelets from patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia. Furthermore, the contribution of αIIbβ3 to tissue factor-induced platelet Ca2+ rises, PS exposure and thrombin generation in plasma are fully dependent on Syk kinase activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation analysis confirms a key role of Syk activation, which is largely but not exclusively dependent on αIIbβ3 activation. It is concluded that the majority of tissue factor-induced procoagulant activity of platelets relies on Syk activation and ensuing Ca2+ signal generation, and furthermore that a considerable part of Syk activation relies on αIIbβ3 signaling. These results hence point to a novel role of Syk in integrin-dependent thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lhermusier T, Chap H, Payrastre B. Platelet membrane phospholipid asymmetry: from the characterization of a scramblase activity to the identification of an essential protein mutated in Scott syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1883-91. [PMID: 21958383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Like all eukaryotic cells, platelets maintain plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry in normal blood circulation via lipid transporters, which control transbilayer movement. Upon platelet activation, the asymmetric orientation of membrane phospholipids is rapidly disrupted, resulting in a calcium-dependent exposure of the anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylserine (PS), at the outer platelet surface. This newly-exposed PS surface is a major component of normal hemostasis because it supports platelet procoagulant function. Binding of blood clotting enzyme complexes to this negatively-charged membrane surface allows a dramatic increase in the rate of conversion of zymogens to active serine proteases, which in turn produce a burst of thrombin leading to the formation of a fibrin clot and further platelet activation. Cells have the capacity to catalyze transbilayer phospholipid exchange via ATP-requiring translocase enzymes (flippases and floppases), which control unidirectional phospholipid transport against a concentration gradient. They also use an energy-independent, calcium-dependent scramblase activity to govern the bidirectional exchange of phospholipids between the two leaflets of the bilayer; this activity is essential for PS exposure during platelet activation. Scramblase activity, biochemically characterized in the 1980s, is deficient in patients with Scott syndrome, a rare inherited bleeding disorder with defective platelet procoagulant activity. Despite considerable efforts, the platelet scramblase protein remained elusive for years but a significant advance has recently been made with the identification of TMEM16F, a membrane protein essential for calcium-dependent PS exposure whose loss of function mutations are found in Scott syndrome. This review recalls historical aspects of platelet membrane asymmetry characterization, summarizes the mechanisms and roles of PS exposure following platelet activation and discusses the recent identification of TMEM16F and its significance in the scrambling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lhermusier
- Inserm, U1048 and Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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44
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Abstract
Platelets shed microparticles not only upon activation, but also upon ageing by an apoptosis-like process (apoptosis-induced platelet microparticles, PMap). While the activation-induced microparticles have widely been studied, not much is known about the (patho)physiological consequences of PMap formation. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that PMap display activated integrins and interact to form microparticle aggregates. PMap were chemotactic for monocytic cells, bound to these cells, an furthermore stimulated cell adhesion and spreading on a fibronectin surface. After prolonged incubation, PMap promoted cell differentiation, but inhibited proliferation. Monocyte membrane receptor analysis revealed increased expression levels of CD11b (integrin αMβ2), CD14 and CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), and the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, but not of CCR2. This indicated that PMap polarized the cells into resident M2 monocytes. Cells treated with PMap actively consumed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and released matrix metalloproteinases and hydrogen peroxide. Further confirmation for the differentiation towards resident professional phagocytes came from the finding that PMap stimulated the expression of the (ox)LDL receptors, CD36 and CD68, and the production of proinflammatory and immunomodulating cytokines by monocytes. In conclusion, interaction of PMap with monocytic cells has an immunomodulating potential. The apoptotic microparticles polarize the cells into a resident M2 subset, and induce differentiation to resident professional phagocytes.
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45
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Kim SH, Lim KM, Noh JY, Kim K, Kang S, Chang YK, Shin S, Chung JH. Doxorubicin-induced platelet procoagulant activities: an important clue for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:215-24. [PMID: 21865289 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombotic risk associated with chemotherapy including doxorubicin (DOX) has been frequently reported; yet, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report that DOX can induce procoagulant activity in platelets, an important contributor to thrombus formation. In human platelets, DOX increased phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and PS-bearing microparticle (MP) generation. Consistently, DOX-treated platelets and generated MPs induced thrombin generation, a representative marker for procoagulant activity. DOX-induced PS exposure appeared to be from intracellular Ca²⁺ increase and ATP depletion, which resulted in the activation of scramblase and inhibition of flippase. Along with this, apoptosis was induced by DOX as determined by the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), cytochrome c release, Bax translocation, and caspase-3 activation. A Ca²⁺ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, and antioxidants (vitamin C and trolox) can attenuate DOX-induced PS exposure and procoagulant activity significantly, suggesting that Ca²⁺, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were involved in DOX-enhanced procoagulant activity. Importantly, rat in vivo thrombosis model demonstrated that DOX could manifest prothrombotic effects through the mediation of platelet procoagulant activity, which was accompanied by increased PS exposure and Δψ dissipation in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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46
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Dunois-Lardé C, Baruch D. [In vitro platelet production]. Transfus Clin Biol 2011; 18:158-64. [PMID: 21411355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review aims at presenting a state of the art on platelet functions, not only in well-characterized hemostasis and thrombosis, but also in various domains such as inflammation, immunity, angiogenesis, source of growth factors, metastasis and vascular remodelling. This multivalent phenotype of platelets suggests new potential applications of platelets. The second objective is to present new advances in platelet formation from megakaryocytes and direct platelet release, as initially shown by our group and more recently by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dunois-Lardé
- Unité 765, Inserm, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
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Abstract
This study evaluated shedding of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI) in human plasma. Collagen or other ligands induce metalloproteinase-mediated GPVI ectodomain shedding, generating approximately 55-kDa soluble GPVI (sGPVI) and approximately 10-kDa platelet-associated fragments. In the absence of GPVI ligands, coagulation of platelet-rich plasma from healthy persons induced GPVI shedding, independent of added tissue factor, but inhibitable by metalloproteinase inhibitor, GM6001. Factor Xa (FXa) common to intrinsic and tissue factor-mediated coagulation pathways was critical for sGPVI release because (1) shedding was strongly blocked by the FXa-selective inhibitor rivaroxaban but not FIIa (thrombin) inhibitors dabigatran or hirudin; (2) Russell viper venom that directly activates FX generated sGPVI, with complete inhibition by enoxaparin (inhibits FXa and FIIa) but not hirudin; (3) impaired GPVI shedding during coagulation of washed platelets resuspended in FX-depleted plasma was restored by adding purified FX; and (4) purified FXa induced GM6001-inhibitable GPVI shedding from washed platelets. In 29 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, mean plasma sGPVI was 53.9 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 39.9-72.8 ng/mL) compared with 12.5 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 9.0-17.3 ng/mL) in thrombocytopenic controls (n = 36, P < .0001), and 14.6 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 7.9-27.1 ng/mL) in healthy subjects (n = 25, P = .002). In conclusion, coagulation-induced GPVI shedding via FXa down-regulates GPVI under procoagulant conditions. FXa inhibitors have an unexpected role in preventing GPVI down-regulation.
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Serda RE, Mack A, van de Ven AL, Ferrati S, Dunner K, Godin B, Chiappini C, Landry M, Brousseau L, Liu X, Bean AJ, Ferrari M. Logic-embedded vectors for intracellular partitioning, endosomal escape, and exocytosis of nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2691-700. [PMID: 20957619 PMCID: PMC2997879 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of nanocarriers, logic-embedded vectors (LEVs), is endowed with the ability to localize components at multiple intracellular sites, thus creating an opportunity for synergistic control of redundant or dual-hit pathways. LEV encoding elements include size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry. In this study, LEVs consist of porous silicon nanocarriers, programmed for cellular uptake and trafficking along the endosomal pathway, and surface-tailored iron oxide nanoparticles, programmed for endosomal sorting and partitioning of particles into unique cellular locations. In the presence of persistent endosomal localization of silicon nanocarriers, amine-functionalized nanoparticles are sorted into multiple vesicular bodies that form novel membrane-bound compartments compatible with cellular secretion, while chitosan-coated nanoparticles escape from endosomes and enter the cytosol. Encapsulation within the porous silicon matrix protects these nanoparticle surface-tailored properties, and enhances endosomal escape of chitosan-coated nanoparticles. Thus, LEVs provide a mechanism for shielded transport of nanoparticles to the lesion, cellular manipulation at multiple levels, and a means for targeting both within and between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Serda
- Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1825 Pressler Street, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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A central role of GPIb-IX in the procoagulant function of platelets that is independent of the 45-kDa GPIbα N-terminal extracellular domain. Blood 2010; 116:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-01-266080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Activated platelets become procoagulant and efficiently promote the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. A role of the GPIb-V-IX complex has long been postulated in view of the decreased prothrombin consumption in Bernard-Soulier patients. We evaluated the impact of GPIb-V-IX deficiency and the requirement for the GPIbα extracellular domain. In GPIbβ−/− mice, thrombin generation was profoundly decreased in tissue factor– or collagen-related peptide (CRP)–activated platelet-rich plasma and in washed platelets supplemented with normal plasma or with FVa, FXa, and prothrombin. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was similarly decreased in response to thrombin, CRP, or CRP + PAR4 peptide despite a normal platelet phospholipid composition. The hypothesis that these defects originate from lack of the GPIbα N-terminal domain was evaluated after its removal from normal mouse and human platelets with Nk protease or O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase. Unexpectedly, the treated platelets exhibited normal thrombin generation and PS exposure, indicating that GPIb-V-IX regulates procoagulant activity independently of its GPIbα-binding region. These results suggested a more general structuring role through intracellular cytoskeleton-anchoring portions regulating responses leading to PS exposure. This hypothesis was supported by the decreased calcium mobilization observed in GPIbβ−/− platelets in response to several agonists, some acting independently of GPIb, in contrast to the normal calcium responses in Nk protease–treated platelets.
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Gilio K, van Kruchten R, Braun A, Berna-Erro A, Feijge MAH, Stegner D, van der Meijden PEJ, Kuijpers MJE, Varga-Szabo D, Heemskerk JWM, Nieswandt B. Roles of platelet STIM1 and Orai1 in glycoprotein VI- and thrombin-dependent procoagulant activity and thrombus formation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23629-38. [PMID: 20519511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In platelets, STIM1 has been recognized as the key regulatory protein in store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) with Orai1 as principal Ca(2+) entry channel. Both proteins contribute to collagen-dependent arterial thrombosis in mice in vivo. It is unclear whether STIM2 is involved. A key platelet response relying on Ca(2+) entry is the surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), which accomplishes platelet procoagulant activity. We studied this response in mouse platelets deficient in STIM1, STIM2, or Orai1. Upon high shear flow of blood over collagen, Stim1(-/-) and Orai1(-/-) platelets had greatly impaired glycoprotein (GP) VI-dependent Ca(2+) signals, and they were deficient in PS exposure and thrombus formation. In contrast, Stim2(-/-) platelets reacted normally. Upon blood flow in the presence of thrombin generation and coagulation, Ca(2+) signals of Stim1(-/-) and Orai1(-/-) platelets were partly reduced, whereas the PS exposure and formation of fibrin-rich thrombi were normalized. Washed Stim1(-/-) and Orai1(-/-) platelets were deficient in GPVI-induced PS exposure and prothrombinase activity, but not when thrombin was present as co-agonist. Markedly, SKF96365, a blocker of (receptor-operated) Ca(2+) entry, inhibited Ca(2+) and procoagulant responses even in Stim1(-/-) and Orai1(-/-) platelets. These data show for the first time that: (i) STIM1 and Orai1 jointly contribute to GPVI-induced SOCE, procoagulant activity, and thrombus formation; (ii) a compensating Ca(2+) entry pathway is effective in the additional presence of thrombin; (iii) platelets contain two mechanisms of Ca(2+) entry and PS exposure, only one relying on STIM1-Orai1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gilio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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