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Pichot V, Corbier C, Chouchou F, Barthélémy JC, Roche F. CVRanalysis: a free software for analyzing cardiac, vascular and respiratory interactions. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1224440. [PMID: 38250656 PMCID: PMC10797906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Simultaneous beat-to-beat R-R intervals, blood pressure and respiration signals are routinely analyzed for the evaluation of autonomic cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory regulations for research or clinical purposes. The more recognized analyses are i) heart rate variability and cardiac coherence, which provides an evaluation of autonomic nervous system activity and more particularly parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic arms; ii) blood pressure variability which is mainly linked to sympathetic modulation and myogenic vascular function; iii) baroreflex sensitivity; iv) time-frequency analyses to identify fast modifications of autonomic activity; and more recently, v) time and frequency domain Granger causality analyses were introduced for assessing bidirectional causal links between each considered signal, thus allowing the scrutiny of many physiological regulatory mechanisms. Methods: These analyses are commonly applied in various populations and conditions, including mortality and morbidity predictions, cardiac and respiratory rehabilitation, training and overtraining, diabetes, autonomic status of newborns, anesthesia, or neurophysiological studies. Results: We developed CVRanalysis, a free software to analyze cardiac, vascular and respiratory interactions, with a friendly graphical interface designed to meet laboratory requirements. The main strength of CVRanalysis resides in its wide scope of applications: recordings can arise from beat-to-beat preprocessed data (R-R, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, respiration) or raw data (ECG, continuous blood pressure and respiratory waveforms). It has several tools for beat detection and correction, as well as setting of specific areas or events. In addition to the wide possibility of analyses cited above, the interface is also designed for easy study of large cohorts, including batch mode signal processing to avoid running repetitive operations. Results are displayed as figures or saved in text files that are easily employable in statistical softwares. Conclusion: CVRanalysis is freely available at this website: anslabtools.univ-st-etienne.fr. It has been developed using MATLAB® and works on Windows 64-bit operating systems. The software is a standalone application avoiding to have programming skills and to install MATLAB. The aims of this paper area are to describe the physiological, research and clinical contexts of CVRanalysis, to introduce the methodological approach of the different techniques used, and to show an overview of the software with the aid of screenshots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pichot
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Christophe Corbier
- LASPI EA3059, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Roanne Technology University Institute, Roanne, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE EA4075, UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthélémy
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- SAINBIOSE U1059, Inserm, Saint-Etienne Jean-Monnet University, Clinical Physiology and Exercise, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Lozano WM, Ortiz-Guzmán JE, Arias-Mutis O, Bizy A, Genovés P, Such-Miquel L, Alberola A, Chorro FJ, Zarzoso M, Calvo CJ. Modifications of long-term heart rate variability produced in an experimental model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Interface Focus 2023; 13:20230030. [PMID: 38106920 PMCID: PMC10722215 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to a higher prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias, the most frequent being atrial fibrillation, but the mechanisms are not well understood. One possible underlying mechanism may be an abnormal modulation of autonomic nervous system activity, which can be quantified by analysing heart rate variability (HRV). Our aim was to investigate the modifications of long-term HRV in an experimental model of diet-induced MetS to identify the early changes in HRV and the link between autonomic dysregulation and MetS components. NZW rabbits were randomly assigned to control (n = 10) or MetS (n = 10) groups, fed 28 weeks with high-fat, high-sucrose diet. 24-hour recordings were used to analyse HRV at week 28 using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear analyses. Time-domain analysis showed a decrease in RR interval and triangular index (Ti). In the frequency domain, we found a decrease in the low frequency band. Nonlinear analyses showed a decrease in DFA-α1 and DFA-α2 (detrended fluctuations analysis) and maximum multiscale entropy. The strongest association between HRV parameters and markers of MetS was found between Ti and mean arterial pressure, and Ti and left atrial diameter, which could point towards the initial changes induced by the autonomic imbalance in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - J. E. Ortiz-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
| | - O. Arias-Mutis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Valenciana, Spain
- Health Research Institute - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Bizy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Valenciana, Spain
| | - P. Genovés
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
| | - L. Such-Miquel
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - A. Alberola
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
| | - F. J. Chorro
- Health Research Institute - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Zarzoso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - C. J. Calvo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain
- CSIC-UPV, Instrumentation for Molecular Imaging Technologies Research Institute (I3M), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
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Thomas J, Jezzard P, Webb AJS. Low-frequency oscillations in the brain show differential regional associations with severity of cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1254209. [PMID: 37719157 PMCID: PMC10501452 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1254209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction but the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the BOLD signal partly reflect cerebrovascular function and have the potential to identify endothelial dysfunction in cSVD. A systematic review was performed to assess the reported relationships between imaging markers of cSVD and LFOs. Methods Medline and EMBASE were searched for original studies reporting an association between LFOs and STRIVE-defined imaging markers of cSVD, including: white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunes, CADASIL, and cerebral microbleeds, from inception to September 1, 2022. Variations in LFOs were extracted, where available, on a global, tissue-specific, or regional level, in addition to participant demographics, data acquisition, methods of analysis, and study quality. Where a formal meta-analysis was not possible, differences in the number of studies reporting LFO magnitude by presence or severity of cSVD were determined by sign test. Results 15 studies were included from 841 titles. Studies varied in quality, acquisition parameters, and in method of analysis. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in resting state fMRI was most commonly assessed (12 studies). Across 15 studies with differing markers of cSVD (9 with WMH; 1 with cerebral microbleeds; 1 with lacunar infarcts; 1 with CADASIL; 3 with multiple markers), LFOs in patients with cSVD were decreased in the posterior cortex (22 of 32 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.05), increased in the deep grey nuclei (7 of 7 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.016), and potentially increased in the temporal lobes (9 of 11 occurrences across all studies, p = 0.065). Conclusion Despite limited consensus on the optimal acquisition and analysis methods, there was reasonably consistent regional variation in LFO magnitude by severity of cSVD markers, supporting its potential as a novel index of endothelial dysfunction. We propose a consistent approach to measuring LFOs to characterise targetable mechanisms underlying cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Thomas
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Jezzard
- FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. S. Webb
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Park C, Youn I, Han S. Single-lead ECG based autonomic nervous system assessment for meditation monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22513. [PMID: 36581715 PMCID: PMC9800362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a single-lead ECG-based heart rate variability (HRV) analysis algorithm to quantify autonomic nervous system activity during meditation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) induced by breathing is a dominant component of HRV, but its frequency depends on an individual's breathing speed. To address this RSA issue, we designed a novel HRV tachogram decomposition algorithm and new HRV indices. The proposed method was validated by using a simulation, and applied to our experimental (mindfulness meditation) data and the WESAD open-source data. During meditation, our proposed HRV indices related to vagal and sympathetic tones were significantly increased (p < 0.000005) and decreased (p < 0.000005), respectively. These results were consistent with self-reports and experimental protocols, and identified parasympathetic activation and sympathetic inhibition during meditation. In conclusion, the proposed method successfully assessed autonomic nervous system activity during meditation when respiration influences disrupted classical HRV. The proposed method can be considered a reliable approach to quantify autonomic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanki Park
- grid.36303.350000 0000 9148 4899Future and Basic Technology Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, CybreBrain Research Section, Daejeon, 34129 Republic of Korea
| | - Inchan Youn
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea ,grid.35541.360000000121053345Division of Bio‑Medical Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology School, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea ,grid.289247.20000 0001 2171 7818KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Han
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea ,grid.35541.360000000121053345Division of Bio‑Medical Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology School, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
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Constantinescu V, Haase R, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. S1P receptor modulators and the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in multiple sclerosis: a narrative review. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2022; 15:17562864221133163. [PMID: 36437849 PMCID: PMC9685213 DOI: 10.1177/17562864221133163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators have a complex mechanism of action, which are among the most efficient therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis (MS) and represent a promising approach for other immune-mediated diseases. The S1P signaling pathway involves the activation of five extracellular S1PR subtypes (S1PR1-S1PR5) that are ubiquitous and have a wide range of effects. Besides the immunomodulatory beneficial outcome in MS, S1P signaling regulates the cardiovascular function via S1PR1-S1PR3 subtypes, which reside on cardiac myocytes, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In our review, we describe the mechanisms and clinical effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system. In the past, mostly short-term effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system have been studied, while data on long-term effects still need to be investigated. Immediate effects detected after treatment initiation are due to parasympathetic overactivation. In contrast, long-term effects may arise from a shift of the autonomic regulation toward sympathetic predominance along with S1PR1 downregulation. A mild increase in blood pressure has been reported in long-term studies, as well as decreased baroreflex sensitivity. In most studies, sustained hypertension was found to represent a significant adverse event related to treatment. The shift in the autonomic control and blood pressure values could not be just a consequence of disease progression but also related to S1PR modulation. Reduced cardiac autonomic activation and decreased heart rate variability during the long-term treatment with S1PR modulators may increase the risk for subsequent cardiac events. For second-generation S1PR modulators, this observation has to be confirmed in further studies with longer follow-ups. The periodic surveillance of cardiovascular function and detection of any cardiac autonomic dysfunction can help predict cardiac outcomes not only after the first dose but also throughout treatment. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY What is the cardiovascular effect of S1P receptor modulator therapy in multiple sclerosis? Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators are among the most efficient therapies for multiple sclerosis. As small molecules, they are not only acting on the immune but on cardiovascular and nervous systems as well. Short-term effects of S1PR modulators on the cardiovascular system have already been extensively described, while long-term effects are less known. Our review describes the mechanisms of action and the short- and long-term effects of these therapeutic agents on the cardiovascular system in different clinical trials. We systematically reviewed the literature that had been published by January 2022. One hundred seven articles were initially identified by title and abstract using targeted keywords, and thirty-nine articles with relevance to cardiovascular effects of S1PR therapy in multiple sclerosis patients were thereafter considered, including their references for further accurate clarification. Studies on fingolimod, the first S1PR modulator approved for treating multiple sclerosis, primarily support the safety profile of this therapeutic class. The second-generation therapeutic agents along with a different treatment initiation approach helped mitigate several of the cardiovascular adverse effects that had previously been observed at the start of treatment. The heart rate may decrease when initiating S1PR modulators and, less commonly, the atrioventricular conduction may be prolonged, requiring cardiac monitoring for the first 6 h of medication. Continuous therapy with S1PR modulators can increase blood pressure values; therefore, the presence of arterial hypertension should be checked during long-term treatment. Periodic surveillance of the cardiovascular and autonomic functions can help predict cardiac outcomes and prevent possible adverse events in S1PR modulators treatment. Further studies with longer follow-ups are needed, especially for the second-generation of S1PR modulators, to confirm the safety profile of this therapeutic class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Constantinescu
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rocco Haase
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Department of Neurology, Center of Clinical
Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of
Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Pfurtscheller G, Blinowska KJ, Kaminski M, Rassler B, Klimesch W. Processing of fMRI-related anxiety and information flow between brain and body revealed a preponderance of oscillations at 0.15/0.16 Hz. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9117. [PMID: 35650314 PMCID: PMC9160010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow oscillations of different center frequencies and their coupling play an important role in brain-body interactions. The crucial question analyzed by us is, whether the low frequency (LF) band (0.05-0.15 Hz) or the intermediate frequency (IMF) band (0.1-0.2 Hz) is more eminent in respect of the information flow between body (heart rate and respiration) and BOLD signals in cortex and brainstem. A recently published study with the LF band in fMRI-naïve subjects revealed an intensive information flow from the cortex to the brainstem and a weaker flow from the brainstem to the cortex. The comparison of both bands revealed a significant information flow from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) to the precentral gyrus (PCG) and from brainstem to PCG only in the IMF band. This pattern of directed coupling between slow oscillations in the cortex and brainstem not only supports the existence of a pacemaker-like structure in brainstem, but provides first evidence that oscillations centered at 0.15/0.16 Hz can also emerge in brain networks. BOLD oscillations in resting states are dominating at ~ 0.08 Hz and respiratory rates at ~ 0.32 Hz. Therefore, the frequency component at ~ 0.16 Hz (doubling-halving 0.08 Hz or 0.32 Hz) is of special interest, because phase coupled oscillations can reduce the energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Katarzyna J Blinowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kaminski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beate Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Klimesch
- Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Bair A, Marksteiner J, Stöcklein T, Reyes del Paso GA, Duschek S. Parasympathetic cardiac control during attentional focus and worry in major depressive disorder. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Correlation between Palpitations below the Heart in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Autonomic Nerve Function Based on Heart Rate Variability: A Case-Control Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1945488. [PMID: 34754310 PMCID: PMC8572591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1945488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the autonomic nerve rhythm and the correlation between palpitations below the heart (PBTH) and autonomic nerve function in patients with PBTH based on heart rate variability (HRV). Methods The outpatients or ward patients of Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were collected and divided into two groups: the PBTH group and the normal group. The HRV of each group was detected. Single-factor statistical methods, Spearman correlation analysis, and logistic regression were used to describe and analyze the rhythm and characteristics of autonomic nerves in patients with PBTH and the correlation between PBTH and autonomic nerve function. Results (1) In the comparison of HRV in different time periods in the same group, the SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, TP, and HF in the PBTH group at night were significantly higher than those in the daytime (P < 0.01), while the LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than that in the daytime (P < 0.01). (2) In the comparison of HRV between the two groups in the same time period, the RMSSD and pNN50 of the PBTH group during the daytime period were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P < 0.05), and the LF/HF was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). (3) In the Spearman correlation analysis, PBTH was significantly correlated with RMSSD, pNN50, and LF/HF ratio in the daytime period, with correlation coefficients of 0.424, 0.462, and -0.524, respectively (P < 0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease of LF/HF ratio during the daytime period was an independent risk factor for PBTH in TCM (OR = 0.474, 95% CI: 0.230-0.977, P < 0.05). Conclusions The changes in parasympathetic nerve function in patients with PBTH have a circadian rhythm, which is characterized by increased activity during the nighttime. At the same time, the autonomic nerve activity of people with PBTH during the daytime is unbalanced, and the decrease of LF/HF ratio during the day is an independent high risk factor for PBTH.
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Pfurtscheller G, Schwerdtfeger AR, Rassler B, Andrade A, Schwarz G. MRI-related anxiety can induce slow BOLD oscillations coupled with cardiac oscillations. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2083-2090. [PMID: 34284243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although about 1-2% of MRI examinations must be aborted due to anxiety, there is little research on how MRI-related anxiety affects BOLD signals in resting states. METHODS We re-analyzed cardiac beat-to beat interval (RRI) and BOLD signals of 23 healthy fMRI participants in four resting states by calculation of phase-coupling in the 0.07-0.13 Hz band and determination of positive time delays (pTDs; RRI leading neural BOLD oscillations) and negative time delays (nTDs; RRI lagging behind vascular BOLD oscillations). State anxiety of each subject was assigned to either a low anxiety (LA) or a high anxiety (HA, with most participants exhibiting moderate anxiety symptoms) category based on the inside scanner assessed anxiety score. RESULTS Although anxiety strongly differed between HA and LA categories, no significant difference was found for nTDs. In contrast, pTDs indicating neural BOLD oscillations exhibited a significant cumulation in the high anxiety category. CONCLUSIONS Findings may suggest that vascular BOLD oscillations related to slow cerebral blood circulation are of about similar intensity during low/no and elevated anxiety. In contrast, neural BOLD oscillations, which might be associated with a central rhythm generating mechanism (pacemaker-like activity), appear to be significantly intensified during elevated anxiety. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides evidence that fMRI-related anxiety can activate a central rhythm generating mechanism very likely located in the brain stem, associated with slow neural BOLD oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A R Schwerdtfeger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - B Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Andrade
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Schwarz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Prokhorov MD, Karavaev AS, Ishbulatov YM, Ponomarenko VI, Kiselev AR, Kurths J. Interbeat interval variability versus frequency modulation of heart rate. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:042404. [PMID: 34005986 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.042404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The heart rate in humans is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which modulates the frequency of heart contractions, resulting in heart rate variability (HRV). Therefore, to assess the activity of the autonomic nervous system, which contains important information for medical diagnostics, methods based on the analysis of interbeat interval variability are often used. This approach does not require the use of invasive methods for measuring the signals of the autonomic nervous system, but its accuracy is an open question. Using mathematical modeling, we investigate the possibility of extracting the signal of frequency modulation of the heartbeats from the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and conduct a detailed comparison of the extracted signal with the real modulating signal. Since the quality of extraction of the signal of frequency modulation from the ECG depends on the method of demodulation, we compare two different approaches. One is based on the detection of the main oscillation rhythm and its bandpass filtering, and the other on the heterodyning technique. It is shown that low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) oscillations in HRV associated, respectively, with sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation by the autonomic nervous system, in the general case, significantly differ from the signals of frequency modulation of the heart rate in shape, but have close similarity with them in the frequency domain. We find that in model systems, the similarity of the LF component of HRV with sympathetic modulation of the heart rate is higher than the similarity of the HF component of HRV with parasympathetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Prokhorov
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya Street 38, Saratov 410019, Russia
| | - A S Karavaev
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya Street 38, Saratov 410019, Russia.,Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia.,Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, B. Kazachaya Street, 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Y M Ishbulatov
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya Street 38, Saratov 410019, Russia.,Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia.,Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, B. Kazachaya Street, 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - V I Ponomarenko
- Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelyonaya Street 38, Saratov 410019, Russia.,Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A R Kiselev
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia.,Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, B. Kazachaya Street, 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - J Kurths
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia.,Physics Department, Humboldt University, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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Castro P, Ferreira ADS, Lopes AJ, Paula TD, Costa RMR, Cunha FA, Vigário PDS. Validity of the Polar V800 heart rate monitor for assessing cardiac autonomic control in individuals with spinal cord injury. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021003221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cordeiro R, Mira PA, Monteiro W, Cunha F, Laterza MC, Pescatello LS, Martinez DG, Farinatti P. Hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic modulation after an acute concurrent exercise circuit in older individuals with pre- to established hypertension. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e1971. [PMID: 33503175 PMCID: PMC7798120 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated whether post-exercise hypotension (PEH) after concurrent exercise (CEX) is related to changes in cardiac output (Q) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in older individuals. We tested whether PEH after a single bout of CEX circuits performed in open-access facilities at the Third Age Academies (TAA) in Rio de Janeiro City (Brazil) would be concomitant with decreased Q and SVR in individuals aged ≥60 years with prehypertension. Moreover, we assessed autonomic modulation as a potential mechanism underlying PEH. METHODS Fourteen individuals (age, 65.8±0.9 y; systolic/diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP], 132.4±12.1/72.8±10.8 mmHg; with half of the patients taking antihypertensive medications) had their blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), Q, SVR, HR variability (HRV), and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) recorded before and 50 min after CEX (40-min circuit, including seven stations of alternate aerobic/resistance exercises at 60-70% HR reserve) and non-exercise control (CONT) sessions. The study protocol was registered in a World Health Organization-accredited office (Trial registration RBR-7BWVPJ). RESULTS SBP (Δ=-14.2±13.1 mmHg, p=0.0001), DBP (Δ=-5.2±8.2 mmHg, p= 0.04), Q (Δ=-2.2±1.5 L/min, p=0.0001), and BRS (Δ=-3.5±2.6 ms/mmHg; p=0.05) decreased after CEX as compared with the CONT session. By contrast, the HR increased (Δ=9.4±7.2 bpm, p<0.0001), and SVR remained stable throughout the postexercise period as compared with the CONT session (Δ=0.10±0.22 AU, p=0.14). We found no significant difference between the CEX and CONT with respect to the HRV indexes reflecting autonomic modulation. CONCLUSION CEX induced PEH in the older individuals with prehypertension status. At least in the first 50 min, PEH occurred parallel to the decreased Q and increased HR, while SVR was not different. The changes in autonomic outflow appeared to be unrelated to the acute cardiac and hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cordeiro
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Pedro Augusto Mira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratorio de Ciencia do Exercicio, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Mateus C. Laterza
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | | | - Daniel G. Martinez
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Ishbulatov YM, Karavaev AS, Kiselev AR, Simonyan MA, Prokhorov MD, Ponomarenko VI, Mironov SA, Gridnev VI, Bezruchko BP, Shvartz VA. Mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular autonomic control in healthy subjects during a passive head-up tilt test. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16525. [PMID: 33020530 PMCID: PMC7536219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model is proposed for the autonomic control of cardiovascular system, which takes into account two separated self-exciting sympathetic control loops of heart rate and peripheral vascular tone. The control loops are represented by self-exciting time-delay systems and their tone depends on activity of the aortic, carotid, and lower-body baroreceptors. The model is used to study the dynamics of the adaptive processes that manifest in a healthy cardiovascular system during the passive head-up tilt test. Computer simulation provides continuous observation of the dynamics of the indexes and variables that cannot be measured in the direct experiment, including the noradrenaline concentration in vessel wall and heart muscle, tone of the sympathetic and parasympathetic control, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. In the supine and upright positions, we estimated the spectral characteristics of the model variables, especially in the low-frequency band, and the original index of total percent of phase synchronization between the low-frequency oscillations in heart rate and blood pressure signals. The model demonstrates good quantitative agreement with the dynamics of the experimentally observed indexes of cardiovascular system that were averaged for 50 healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii M Ishbulatov
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia.,Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly S Karavaev
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.,Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton R Kiselev
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia. .,Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Margarita A Simonyan
- Department of Atherocslerosis and Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail D Prokhorov
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Ponomarenko
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.,Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Sergey A Mironov
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Gridnev
- Department of Innovative Cardiological Information Technology, Institute of Cardiological Research, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia.,Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Boris P Bezruchko
- Laboratory of Nonlinear Dynamics Modeling, Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.,Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Shvartz
- Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Understanding the interplay between baroreflex gain, low frequency oscillations, and pulsatility in the neural baroreflex. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Bair A, Reyes Del Paso GA, Duschek S. Parasympathetic cardiac control and attentional focus in trait worry. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 162:181-189. [PMID: 32437724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Trait worry refers to a tendency toward increased vigilance to threat and reduced tolerance of uncertainty. While it has been established as a risk factor of general morbidity, knowledge about autonomic regulation in trait worry remains scarce. This study investigated parasympathetic cardiac control in trait worry, in the context of attentional focus. Healthy groups with high and low worry were selected using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (n = 40 per group). Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded in the high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands while participants performed a breathing focus task. The task included a phase of instructed worry and two phases during which participants´ ability to concentrate on their breathing was assessed. As compared to the low worry group, the high worry group exhibited lower HRV in the LF band during both breathing focus phases and smaller reduction of LF HRV during instructed worry. HF HRV did not differ between groups. High worry was associated with impaired ability to concentrate on breathing and more intrusive thoughts. In the total sample, negative intrusions correlated negatively with LF HRV during the first breathing focus phase and LF HRV reactivity. Instructed worry led to greater perceived stress and deterioration of mood in high worry participants. Reduced LF HRV reflects blunted parasympathetic cardiac control in trait worry, associated with elevated risk of poor health outcomes. In addition, it might represent a psychophysiological correlate of reduced cognitive inhibition, which interferes with attentional focus and impedes control of threat processing and perseverative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bair
- UMIT - University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Institute of Psychology, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
| | | | - Stefan Duschek
- UMIT - University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Institute of Psychology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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16
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Heart rate variability (HRV): From brain death to resonance breathing at 6 breaths per minute. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:676-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Zavhorodnia VA, Androshchuk OI, Kharchenko TH, Kudii LI, Kovalenko SO. Haemodynamic effects of hyperventilation on healthy men with different levels of autonomic tone. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The topicality of the research is stipulated by insufficient study of the correlation between the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and autonomic tone. The goal of the research was to analyze the changes of central haemodynamics with 10-minute regulated breathing at the rate of 30 cycles per minute and within 40 minutes of recovery after the test in healthy young men with different levels of autonomic tone. Records of the chest rheoplethysmogram were recorded on a rheograph KhAI-medica standard (KhAI-medica, Kharkiv, Ukraine), a capnogram - in a lateral flow on a infrared capnograph (Datex, Finland), and the duration of R-R intervals was determined by a Polar WIND Link in the program of Polar Protrainer 5.0 (Polar Electro OY, Finland). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by Korotkov’s auscultatory method by mercury tonometer (Riester, Germany). The indicator of the normalized power of the spectrum in the range of 0.15–0.40 Hz was evaluated by 5-minute records; three groups of persons were distinguished according to its distribution at rest by the method of signal deviation, namely, sympathicotonic, normotonic and parasympathicotonic. The initial level of autonomic tone was found to impact the dynamics of СО2 level in alveolar air during hyperventilation and during recovery thereafter. Thus, PetCО2 was higher (41.3 mm Hg) in parasympathicotonic than in sympathicotonic (39.3 mm Hg) and normotonic (39.5 mm Hg) persons. During the test, R-R interval duration decreased being more expressed in normotonic persons. At the same time, the heart index was found to increase in three groups, and general peripheral resistance – to decrease mostly in normo- and parasympathicotonic persons. In addition, the reliable increase of stroke index and heart index was found in these groups. In the recovery period after hyperventilation, the decrease of tension index and ejection speed was found in normo- and, particularly, parasympathicotonic compared with sympathicotonic men and the increase of tension phase and ejection phase duration.
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18
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Chamarthi B, Vinik A, Ezrokhi M, Cincotta AH. Circadian-timed quick-release bromocriptine lowers elevated resting heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00101. [PMID: 31922028 PMCID: PMC6947713 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity is a risk factor for insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the impact of bromocriptine-QR, a dopamine-agonist antidiabetes medication, on elevated resting heart rate (RHR) (a marker of SNS overactivity in metabolic syndrome), blood pressure (BP) and the relationship between bromocriptine-QR's effects on RHR and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes subjects. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS RHR and BP changes were evaluated in this post hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial in 1014 type 2 diabetes subjects randomized to bromocriptine-QR vs placebo added to standard therapy (diet ± ≤2 oral antidiabetes medications) for 24 weeks without concomitant antihypertensive or antidiabetes medication changes, stratified by baseline RHR (bRHR). RESULTS In subjects with bRHR ≥70 beats/min, bromocriptine-QR vs placebo reduced RHR by -3.4 beats/min and reduced BP (baseline 130/79; systolic, diastolic, mean arterial BP reductions [mm Hg]: -3.6 [P = .02], -1.9 [P = .05], -2.5 [P = .02]). RHR reductions increased with higher baseline HbA1c (bHbA1c) (-2.7 [P = .03], -5 [P = .002], -6.1 [P = .002] with bHbA1c ≤7, >7, ≥7.5%, respectively] in the bRHR ≥70 group and more so with bRHR ≥80 (-4.5 [P = .07], -7.8 [P = .015], -9.9 [P = .005]). Subjects with bRHR <70 had no significant change in RHR or BP. With bHbA1c ≥7.5%, %HbA1c reductions with bromocriptine-QR vs placebo were -0.50 (P = .04), -0.73 (P = .005) and -1.22 (P = .008) with bRHR <70, ≥70 and ≥80, respectively. With bRHR ≥70, the magnitude of bromocriptine-QR-induced RHR reduction was an independent predictor of bromocriptine-QR's HbA1c lowering effect. CONCLUSION Bromocriptine-QR lowers elevated RHR with concurrent decrease in BP and hyperglycaemia. These findings suggest a potential sympatholytic mechanism contributing to bromocriptine-QR's antidiabetes effect and potentially its previously demonstrated effect to reduce CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Vinik
- Eastern Virginia Medical School Strelitz Diabetes CenterNorfolkVirginia
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19
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Kumar VDA, Subramanian M, Gopalakrishnan G, Vengatesan K, Elangovan D, Chitra B. Implementation of the pulse rhythmic rate for the efficient diagnosing of the heartbeat. Healthc Technol Lett 2019; 6:48-52. [PMID: 31119038 PMCID: PMC6498401 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2018.5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate has risen due to the increase in number of cardiac patients in recent times due to the lack of unawareness of the symptoms. This work mainly aims to detect the anomalies of the rhythmic conditions of the pulse derived from the electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern based on correlation and the method of mapping. As this device is a programmable one and a real-time application wearable system on the wrist which is physically connected to the veins, it continuously monitors the photoplethysmography (PPG) pattern based on certain parameters and rhythmic conditions, it ensures whether the patient is under the safe condition or not. The salient features of PPG waveform are extracted with respect to various abnormal categories of ECG beats subdivided into various time durations of one, two and three. The PPG pattern using various feature extraction and the correlation transforms with the signal processing application. The extracted features help to find the skipped beat with irregularities of the rhythm will activate the emergency condition protocol in the device. The location of the patient with a critical condition is sent to the nearest health centre. This innovation is a portable one and a user-friendly application which can save many lives in the society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malathi Subramanian
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, TN 600123, India
| | - Gokul Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, TN 600123, India
| | - Krishnasamy Vengatesan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, MH 423603, India
| | - Durai Elangovan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, TN 600123, India
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20
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Fonseca GF, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Ferreira A, de Paula T, Monteiro WD, Cunha FA. Continuous and Accumulated Bouts of Cycling Matched by Intensity and Energy Expenditure Elicit Similar Acute Blood Pressure Reductions in Prehypertensive Men. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:857-866. [PMID: 29120987 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fonseca, GF, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Ferreira, A, de Paula, T, Monteiro, WD, and Cunha, FA. Continuous and accumulated bouts of cycling matched by intensity and energy expenditure elicit similar acute blood pressure reductions in prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 857-866, 2018-This study investigated differences in postexercise hypotension (PEH) after continuous vs. accumulated isocaloric bouts of cycling. Ten prehypertensive men, aged 23-34 years, performed 2 bouts of cycling at 75% oxygen uptake reserve, with total energy expenditures of 400 kcal per bout. One exercise bout was performed continuously (CONTIN) and the other as 2 smaller bouts each expending 200 kcal (INTER1 and INTER2). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac autonomic control were monitored in a supine position for 10 minutes before and 60 minutes after each exercise bout, and during a control session. Compared with control, blood pressure was significantly reduced after CONTIN (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 3.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.5 mm Hg, p = 0.001), INTER1 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.2 mm Hg, p = 0.045), and INTER2 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 4.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; DBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.7 mm Hg, p = 0.045; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 3.3 mm Hg, p = 0.001). The PEH was similar in CONTIN and INTER2, whereas INTER2 elicited greater PEH than INTER1 (SBP and MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.0 and [INCREMENT] - 1.8 mm Hg, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). Increases in sympathovagal balance from baseline were inversely related to changes in SBP and DBP after CONTIN and INTER2 (r = -0.64 to -0.71; p = 0.021-0.047). These findings indicate that similar amounts of PEH are observed when exercise is performed as a single 400-kcal exercise bout or 2 × 200-kcal bouts and that the exercise recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic activity may be important in eliciting PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Fonseca
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Arthur Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainah de Paula
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace D Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Gardiwal A, Roentgen P, Luesebrink U, Koenig T, Klein G, Oswald H. Left Ventricular Assist Improves Autonomic Imbalance in Patients with Persistent Myocardial Dysfunction. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881003301203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are an effective therapeutic option for end-stage heart failure (HF). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) as a result of autonomic derangement is evident in chronic heart failure and several studies have established the independent prognostic value of HRV in chronic heart failure. Objective In the present study we investigated whether autonomic function is restored in patients after LVAD implantation with persistent, severely depressed left ventricular function. Methods Ambulatory Holter ECG recordings were collected in heart failure patients with an LVAD (n=8) und age-matched heart failure patients without an LVAD (n=7) both on optimal medical therapy. Cardiac dimensions and function were assessed by echocardiography or angiography. Results Analysis for heart rate variability revealed reduced SDNN (67±4ms), SDANN (56±4ms) and triangular index (18±1) in heart failure patients on optimal medical therapy. However patients with LVAD demonstrated a restoration in heart rate variability with normal SDNN (108±9ms), SDANN (103±8ms) and triangular index (29±2). Compared to patients without LVAD this difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusions In end-stage heart failure patients autonomic imbalance indicated by severely reduced heart rate variability is restored after LVAD implantation with unloading of the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Gardiwal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
| | - Philipp Roentgen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
| | - Ulrich Luesebrink
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
| | - Thorben Koenig
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
| | - Gunnar Klein
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
| | - Hanno Oswald
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover - Germany
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22
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Tsutsui T, Takiya R, Jikuya T, Shigeta O, Sakakibara Y, Sankai Y. Effect of Left Ventricular Assist Device on Circulatory Autonomic Nervous Activity. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 27:243-50. [PMID: 15112890 DOI: 10.1177/039139880402700311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose For evaluation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity of patients with mechanical circulatory support including LVAD, IABP and PCPS, arterial pressure variability (APV) was examined. APV is the power density values of pressure signals. High frequency (0.15 to 0.4 Hz) and low frequency (0.04 to 0.15 Hz) components of APV are regarded as a function of the autonomic nervous system. Methods Arterial pressure signals were acquired every 2 hours at 100 Hz for 6 minutes. Power spectral analysis was carried out, and APV was observed in 18 patients with IABP and/or PCPS. APV was also observed in 3 patients with LVADs (Xemex, Zeon Medical, Japan) before their discharge from ICU for transfer to another hospital for cardiac transplantation. Results Although the value gradually increased in 18 patients with IABP and/or PCPS, sustained low values of LFAnorm of APV in 6 patients were related to prolonged mechanical support, and 4 patients among them died consequently. The normalized power spectral component with low frequency (LFAnorm) was maintained at relatively high values in 3 patients with LVADs. Conclusion The study results suggest that power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure offers a reasonable means for the evaluation of the severity of patient cardiovascular condition and for the prediction of clinical outcome. It also suggested that LVAD support exerts a favorable effect on ANS in patients with severe heart failure before cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsutsui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
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Pons JF, Haddi Z, Deharo JC, Charaï A, Bouchakour R, Ouladsine M, Delliaux S. Heart rhythm characterization through induced physiological variables. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5059. [PMID: 28698645 PMCID: PMC5505978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation remains a major cause of morbi-mortality, making mass screening desirable and leading industry to actively develop devices devoted to automatic AF detection. Because there is a tendency toward mobile devices, there is a need for an accurate, rapid method for studying short inter-beat interval time series for real-time automatic medical monitoring. We report a new methodology to efficiently select highly discriminative variables between physiological states, here a normal sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. We generate induced variables using the first ten time derivatives of an RR interval time series and formally express a new multivariate metric quantifying their discriminative power to drive state variable selection. When combined with a simple classifier, this new methodology results in 99.9% classification accuracy for 1-min RR interval time series (n = 7,400), with heart rate accelerations and jerks being the most discriminant variables. We show that the RR interval time series can be drastically reduced from 60 s to 3 s, with a classification accuracy of 95.0%. We show that heart rhythm characterization is facilitated by induced variables using time derivatives, which is a generic methodology that is particularly suitable to real-time medical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zouhair Haddi
- Aix Marseille Univ., Univ. Toulon, CNRS, ENSAM, LSIS, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRBA, DS-ACI, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital La Timone, Service de Cardiologie du pôle cardiovasculaire et thoracique, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Charaï
- Aix Marseille Univ., Univ. Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Delliaux
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRBA, DS-ACI, Marseille, France. .,APHM, Hôpital Nord, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Pôle cardiovasculaire, Marseille, France.
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Fung BJ, Crone DL, Bode S, Murawski C. Cardiac Signals Are Independently Associated with Temporal Discounting and Time Perception. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:1. [PMID: 28174525 PMCID: PMC5258759 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac signals reflect the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and have previously been associated with a range of self-regulatory behaviors such as emotion regulation and memory recall. It is unknown whether cardiac signals may also be associated with self-regulation in the temporal domain, in particular impulsivity. We assessed both decision impulsivity (temporal discounting, TD) and time perception impulsivity (duration reproduction, DR) in 120 participants while they underwent electrocardiography in order to test whether cardiac signals were related to these two aspects of impulsivity. We found that over the entire period of task performance, individuals with higher heart rates had a tendency toward lower discount rates, supporting previous research that has associated sympathetic responses with decreased impulsivity. We also found that low-frequency components of heart rate variability (HRV) were associated with a less accurate perception of time, suggesting that time perception may be modulated by ANS function. Overall, these findings constitute preliminary evidence that autonomic function plays an important role in both decision impulsivity and time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen J Fung
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Finance, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Damien L Crone
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Finance, The University of MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carsten Murawski
- Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Kiselev AR, Mironov SA, Karavaev AS, Kulminskiy DD, Skazkina VV, Borovkova EI, Shvartz VA, Ponomarenko VI, Prokhorov MD. A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control using photoplethysmograms recorded from the earlobe and fingers. Physiol Meas 2016; 37:580-95. [PMID: 27027461 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/4/580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We compare the spectral indices of photoplethysmogram variability (PPGV) estimated using photoplethysmograms recorded from the earlobe and the middle fingers of the right and left hand and analyze their correlation with similar indices of heart rate variability (HRV) in 30 healthy subjects (26 men) aged 27 (25, 29) years (median with inter-quartile ranges) at rest and under the head-up tilt test. The following spectral indices of PPGV and HRV were compared: mean heart rate (HR), total spectral power (TP), high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) ranges of TP in percents (HF% and LF%), LF/HF ratio, and spectral coherence. We assess also the index S of synchronization between the LF oscillations in HRV and PPGV. The constancy of blood pressure (BP) and moderate increase of HR under the tilt test indicate the presence of fast processes of cardiovascular adaptation with the increase of the sympathetic activity in studied healthy subjects. The impact of respiration on the PPGV spectrum (accessed by HF%) is less than on the HRV spectrum. It is shown that the proportion of sympathetic vascular activity (accessed by LF%) is constant in the PPGV of three analyzed PPGs during the tilt test. The PPGV for the ear PPG was less vulnerable to breathing influence accessed by HF% (independently from body position) than for PPGs from fingers. We reveal the increase of index S under the tilt test indicating the activation of interaction between the heart and distal vessels. The PPGV spectra for finger PPGs from different hands are highly coherent, but differ substantially from the PPGV spectrum for the ear PPG. We conclude that joint analysis of frequency components of PPGV (for the earlobe and finger PPGs of both hands) and HRV and assessment of their synchronization provide additional information about cardiovascular autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kiselev
- Department of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V.I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia. Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Karavaev AS, Ishbulatov YM, Ponomarenko VI, Prokhorov MD, Gridnev VI, Bezruchko BP, Kiselev AR. Model of human cardiovascular system with a loop of autonomic regulation of the mean arterial pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:235-43. [PMID: 26847603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A model of human cardiovascular system is proposed which describes the main heart rhythm, the regulation of heart function and blood vessels by the autonomic nervous system, baroreflex, and the formation of arterial blood pressure. The model takes into account the impact of respiration on these processes. It is shown that taking into account nonlinearity and introducing the autonomous loop of mean arterial blood pressure in the form of self-oscillating time-delay system allow to obtain the model signals whose statistical and spectral characteristics are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those for experimental signals. The proposed model demonstrates the phenomenon of synchronization of mean arterial pressure regulatory system by the signal of respiration with the basic period close to 10 seconds, which is observed in the physiological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly S Karavaev
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Yurii M Ishbulatov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Ponomarenko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Mikhail D Prokhorov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Gridnev
- Department of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V. I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia
| | - Boris P Bezruchko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Anton R Kiselev
- Department of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University n.a. V. I. Razumovsky, Saratov, Russia; Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
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Gonçalves TR, Farinatti PDTV, Gurgel JL, da Silva Soares PP. Correlation Between Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Response to Orthostatic Stress and Indicators of Quality of Life, Physical Capacity, and Physical Activity in Healthy Individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1415-21. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Machado C, Estevez M, Perez-Nellar J, Schiavi A. Residual vasomotor activity assessed by heart rate variability in a brain-dead case. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-205677. [PMID: 25833905 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) methodology, beginning just after the completion of brain death (BD) diagnosis, showed remaining very low frequency (VLF) waves for approximately 10 min. A time-varying spectral analysis showed that during the first 550 s, a significant power spectral density remained in the high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF) and VLF bands. From 550 to 675 s, the HF oscillations totally vanished, and a marked progressive decay of the LF and VLF power density occurred. After 700 s the VLF undulations stopped and remaining small amplitude oscillations at 0.2 Hz coincided with the ventilator frequency. The VLF oscillations recorded in our case might be related to residual sympathetic vasomotor activity that progressively disappeared due to the extension of necrosis affecting the nervous centres of the lower part of the medulla and the first 2-3 cervical spine segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calixto Machado
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurology and Neurosugery, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Adam Schiavi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Gonçalves T, Soares PP, Farinatti P. Parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET depends on exercise modality and resting vagal activity in healthy men. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:100. [PMID: 25793148 PMCID: PMC4359698 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main purpose of this study was to investigate parasympathetic reactivation of the heart [evaluated through heart rate recovery (HRR) and HR variability (HRV)] after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using three different exercise modalities. Methods Twenty healthy men, aged 17 to 28 yr, performed three maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running) separated by 72 h and in a randomized, counter-balanced order. HRR was determined from the absolute differences between HRpeak and HR at 1–3 min after exercise. The root mean square of successive R-R differences calculated for consecutive 30-s windows (rMSSD30s) was calculated to assess the parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET. Results Lower HRpeak, VO2peak and energy expenditure were observed after the cycling CPET than the walking and running CPETs (P < 0.001). Both HRR and rMSSD30s were significantly greater during recovery from the cycling CPET compared to the walking and running CPETs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Δ rMSSD (i.e. resting minus postexercise rMSSD every 30 s into the recovery period) was positively related to the resting high-frequency component (HF), rMSSD, and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN) (rs = 0.89 to 0.98; P < 0.001), and negatively related to the resting low-frequency component (LF) and sympathovagal balance (LF:HF ratio) after all exercise conditions (rs = −0.73 to −0.79 and −0.86 to −0.90, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions These findings support that parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET (as assessed by HRR and rMSSD30s) depends on exercise modality and cardiac autonomic control at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Thiago Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
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Zhang Q, Patwardhan AR, Knapp CF, Evans JM. Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory phase synchronization in normovolemic and hypovolemic humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:417-27. [PMID: 25344797 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether and how cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory phase synchronization would respond to changes in hydration status and orthostatic stress. Four men and six women were tested during graded head-up tilt (HUT) in both euhydration and dehydration (DEH) conditions. Continuous R-R intervals (RRI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and respiration were investigated in low (LF 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high (HF 0.15-0.4 Hz) frequency ranges using a phase synchronization index (λ) ranging from 0 (complete lack of interaction) to 1 (perfect interaction) and a directionality index (d), where a positive value of d reflects oscillator 1 driving oscillator 2, and a negative value reflects the opposite driving direction. Surrogate data analysis was used to exclude relationships that occurred by chance. In the LF range, respiration was not synchronized with RRI or SBP, whereas RRI and SBP were phase synchronized. In the HF range, phases among all variables were synchronized. DEH reduced λ among all variables in the HF and did not affect λ between RRI and SBP in the LF region. DEH reduced d between RRI and SBP in the LF and did not affect d among all variables in the HF region. Increasing λ and decreasing d between SBP and RRI were observed in the LF range during HUT. Decreasing λ between SBP and RRI, respiration and RRI, and decreasing d between respiration and SBP were observed in the HF range during HUT. These results show that orthostatic stress disassociated interactions among RRI, SBP and respiration, and that DEH exacerbated the disconnection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40506-0108, USA
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Reyes del Paso GA, Langewitz W, Mulder LJM, van Roon A, Duschek S. The utility of low frequency heart rate variability as an index of sympathetic cardiac tone: a review with emphasis on a reanalysis of previous studies. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:477-87. [PMID: 23445494 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article evaluates the suitability of low frequency (LF) heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of sympathetic cardiac control and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio as an index of autonomic balance. It includes a comprehensive literature review and a reanalysis of some previous studies on autonomic cardiovascular regulation. The following sources of evidence are addressed: effects of manipulations affecting sympathetic and vagal activity on HRV, predictions of group differences in cardiac autonomic regulation from HRV, relationships between HRV and other cardiac parameters, and the theoretical and mathematical bases of the concept of autonomic balance. Available data challenge the interpretation of the LF and LF/HF ratio as indices of sympathetic cardiac control and autonomic balance, respectively, and suggest that the HRV power spectrum, including its LF component, is mainly determined by the parasympathetic system.
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Kiselev AR, Gridnev VI, Prokhorov MD, Karavaev AS, Posnenkova OM, Ponomarenko VI, Bezruchko BP. Selection of optimal dose of beta-blocker treatment in myocardial infarction patients based on changes in synchronization between 0.1 Hz oscillations in heart rate and peripheral microcirculation. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:491-8. [PMID: 22343262 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e3283512199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selection of the optimal dose of beta-blocker treatment in myocardial infarction (MI) patients is problematic because of a lack of well-established guidelines. METHODS We evaluated changes in synchronization between 0.1 Hz oscillations in heart rate (HR) and plethysmographic peripheral microcirculation in response to a tilt-table test and to 3-month treatment with the highest tolerated beta-blocker (metoprolol) dose in 43 patients aged between 41 and 77 years with acute MI 6 months prior to the start of the study. Before the study the patients were treated with small doses of beta-blocker. Phase differences between HR and peripheral microcirculation oscillations were used to measure the degree of synchronization (S), and relative change in S from horizontal position was used to characterize the response to vertical tilt. RESULTS Two groups of MI patients matched for clinical characteristics were identified on the basis of the results. The first group was composed of patients with decreased S as a response to vertical tilt at the beginning of the study. The patients with increased S during vertical tilt before treatment with the highest tolerated beta-blocker dose were attributed to the second group. The response to vertical tilt in the first group of patients was postulated to indicate the need to increase beta-blocker dose, and in turn, the response in the second group to indicate an already adequate beta-blocker dose. CONCLUSION Assessment of synchronization of 0.1 Hz HR and peripheral microcirculation oscillations as a response to a tilt test can possibly be used as a guideline for selecting beta-blocker dose in post-MI patients.
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Kiselev AR, Gridnev VI, Prokhorov MD, Karavaev AS, Posnenkova OM, Ponomarenko VI, Bezruchko BP, Shvartz VA. Evaluation of 5-year risk of cardiovascular events in patients after acute myocardial infarction using synchronization of 0.1-Hz rhythms in cardiovascular system. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2012; 17:204-13. [PMID: 22816539 PMCID: PMC6932226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-474x.2012.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronization between 0.1-Hz rhythms in cardiovascular system is deteriorated at acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leading to a disruption of natural functional couplings within the system of autonomic regulation. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the prognostic value of autonomic regulation indices for the 5-year risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients after AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 125 patients (53 [42%] female) after AMI aged between 30 and 83 years. The period of observation was 5 years with checkpoints at the first week after AMI and after each year after AMI. We compared the prognostic value of established clinical characteristics and degree S of synchronization between 0.1-Hz rhythms in heart rate and microcirculation for evaluation of the 5-year risk of mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients after AMI. Acute heart failure Killip 2-4 at AMI and S < 20% at the first week after AMI were identified as the most important factors for evaluation of the risk of 5-year mortality in patients after AMI (χ(2) = 14.2, P = 0.003). Sensitivity and specificity of low S (<20%) at the first week after AMI were 76% and 43%, respectively. For evaluation of the 5-year risk of recurrent MI index S had no advantage over established clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION The value of S below 20% in patients with AMI is a sensitive marker of high risk of mortality during the subsequent five years. It is characterized by better prognostic value than most of established clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton R Kiselev
- Center of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Saratov Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov, Russia.
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Ponnusamy A, Marques JL, Reuber M. Comparison of heart rate variability parameters during complex partial seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2012; 53:1314-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Thireau J, Karam S, Fauconnier J, Roberge S, Cassan C, Cazorla O, Aimond F, Lacampagne A, Babuty D, Richard S. Functional evidence for an active role of B-type natriuretic peptide in cardiac remodelling and pro-arrhythmogenicity. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:59-68. [PMID: 22617407 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS During heart failure (HF), the left ventricle (LV) releases B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), possibly contributing to adverse cardiovascular events including ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and LV remodelling. We investigated the cardiac effects of chronic BNP elevation in healthy mice and compared the results with a model of HF after myocardial infarction (PMI mice). METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy mice were exposed to circulating BNP levels (BNP-Sham) similar to those measured in PMI mice. Telemetric surface electrocardiograms showed that in contrast with fibrotic PMI mice, electrical conduction was not affected in BNP-Sham mice. VAs were observed in both BNP-Sham and PMI but not in Sham mice. Analysis of heart rate variability indicated that chronic BNP infusion increased cardiac sympathetic tone. At the cellular level, BNP reduced Ca(2+) transients and impaired Ca(2+) reuptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in line with blunted SR Ca(2+) ATPase 2a and S100A1 expression. BNP increased Ca(2+) spark frequency, reflecting Ca(2+) leak through ryanodine receptors, elevated diastolic Ca(2+), and promoted spontaneous Ca(2+) waves. Similar effects were observed in PMI mice. Most of these effects were reduced in BNP-Sham and PMI mice by the selective β1-adrenergic blocker metoprolol. CONCLUSION Elevated BNP levels, by inducing sympathetic overdrive and altering Ca(2+) handling, promote adverse cardiac remodelling and VAs, which could account in part for the progression of HF after MI. The early use of β-blockers to prevent the deleterious effects of chronic BNP exposure may be beneficial in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Thireau
- INSERM U1046, Physiologie and Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université Montpellier-1, Université Montpellier-2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Rue du doyen G. Giraud, Montpellier, France
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Goldstein DS, Bentho O, Park MY, Sharabi Y. Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1255-61. [PMID: 21890520 PMCID: PMC3224799 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.056259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability has often been used to assess cardiac autonomic function; however, the relationship of low-frequency (LF) power of heart rate variability to cardiac sympathetic tone has been unclear. With or without adjustment for high-frequency (HF) power, total power or respiration, LF power seems to provide an index not of cardiac sympathetic tone but of baroreflex function. Manipulations and drugs that change LF power or LF:HF may do so not by affecting cardiac autonomic outflows directly but by affecting modulation of those outflows by baroreflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1620, USA.
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Faes L, Nollo G, Porta A. Information domain approach to the investigation of cardio-vascular, cardio-pulmonary, and vasculo-pulmonary causal couplings. Front Physiol 2011; 2:80. [PMID: 22069390 PMCID: PMC3209583 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2011.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms related to cardio-vascular (CV), cardio-pulmonary (CP), and vasculo-pulmonary (VP) regulation may be probed through multivariate time series analysis tools. This study applied an information domain approach for the evaluation of non-linear causality to the beat-to-beat variability series of heart period (t), systolic arterial pressure (s), and respiration (r) measured during tilt testing and paced breathing (PB) protocols. The approach quantifies the causal coupling from the series i to the series j (Cij) as the amount of information flowing from i to j. A measure of directionality is also obtained as the difference between two reciprocal causal couplings (Di,j = Cij − Cji). Significant causal coupling and directionality were detected respectively when the median of Cij over subjects was positive (Cij > 0), and when Di,j was statistically different from zero (Di,j > 0 or Di,j < 0). The method was applied on t, s, and r series measured in 15 healthy subjects (22–32 years, 8 males) in the supine (su) and upright (up) positions, and in further 15 subjects (21–29 years, 7 males) during spontaneous (sp) and paced (pa) breathing. In the control condition (su, sp), a significant causal coupling was observed for Crs, Crt, Cst, and Cts, and significant directionality was present only from r to t (Dr,t > 0). During head-up tilt (up, sp), Crs was preserved, Crt decreased to zero median, and Cst and Cts increased significantly; directionality vanished between r and t (Dr,t = 0) and raised from s to t (Ds,t > 0). During PB (su, pa), Crs increased significantly, Crt and Cts were preserved, and Cst decreased to zero median; directionality was preserved from r to t (Dr,t > 0), and raised from r to s (Dr,s > 0). These results suggest that the approach may reflect modifications of CV, CP, and VP mechanisms consequent to altered physiological conditions, such as the baroreflex engagement and the dampening of respiratory sinus arrhythmia induced by tilt, or the respiratory driving on arterial pressure induced by PB. Thus, it could be suggested as a tool for the non-invasive monitoring of CV and cardiorespiratory control systems in normal and impaired conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Faes
- Department of Physics and BIOtech, University of Trento Trento, Italy
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Voss A, Schroeder R, Caminal P, Vallverdú M, Brunel H, Cygankiewicz I, Vázquez R, Luna ABD. Segmented Symbolic Dynamics for Risk Stratification in Patients with Ischemic Heart Failure. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-010-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Karavaev AS, Prokhorov MD, Ponomarenko VI, Kiselev AR, Gridnev VI, Ruban EI, Bezruchko BP. Synchronization of low-frequency oscillations in the human cardiovascular system. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2009; 19:033112. [PMID: 19791992 DOI: 10.1063/1.3187794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate synchronization between the low-frequency oscillations of heart rate and blood pressure having in humans a basic frequency close to 0.1 Hz. A method is proposed for quantitative estimation of synchronization between these oscillating processes based on calculation of relative time of phase synchronization of oscillations. It is shown that healthy subjects exhibit on average substantially longer epochs of internal synchronization between the low-frequency oscillations in heart rate and blood pressure than patients after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Karavaev
- Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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Julien C, Parkes MJ, Tzeng SYC, Sin PYW, Ainslie PN, van de Borne P, Fortrat JO, Custaud MA, Gharib C, Porta A, Vallais F, Baselli G, Pagani M, Lucini D, Hughson RL, Taylor JA, Tan CO, Baekey DM, Dick TE, Paton JFR, Taha B. Comments on point:counterpoint: respiratory sinus arrhythmia is due to a central mechanism vs. respiratory sinus arrhythmia is due to the baroreflex mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:1745-9. [PMID: 19414628 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00196.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhang R, Claassen JAHR, Shibata S, Kilic S, Martin-Cook K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Levine BD. Arterial-cardiac baroreflex function: insights from repeated squat-stand maneuvers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R116-23. [PMID: 19420293 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90977.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To assess baroreflex function under closed-loop conditions, a new approach was used to generate large and physiological perturbations in arterial pressure. Blood pressure (BP) and R-R interval were recorded continuously in 20 healthy young (33 +/- 8 yr) and eight elderly subjects (66 +/- 6 yr). Repeated squat-stand maneuvers at the frequencies of 0.05 and 0.1 Hz were performed to produce periodic oscillations in BP to provoke the baroreflex. To assess the effects of the muscle reflex and/or central command on the baroreflex, passive squat-stand maneuvers were conducted using a pulley system to assist changes in body position. Transfer function between changes in BP and R-R interval was estimated to assess the arterial-cardiac baroreflex. Relative to resting conditions, large and coherent oscillations in BP and R-R interval were produced during both active and passive squat-stand maneuvers. However, changes in BP were smaller during passive than during active maneuvers. Changes in R-R interval were reduced commensurately. Therefore, transfer function gain did not change between the two maneuvers. Compared with the young, transfer function gain was reduced and the phase became more negative in the elderly, demonstrating the well-known effects of aging on reducing baroreflex sensitivity. Collectively, these findings suggest that the changes in R-R interval elicited by BP perturbations during squat-stand maneuvers are mediated primarily by a baroreflex mechanism. Furthermore, baroreflex function can be assessed using the transfer function method during large perturbations in arterial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA.
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Guasti L, Simoni C, Mainardi L, Crespi C, Cimpanelli MG, Klersy C, Gaudio G, Codari R, Maroni L, Marino F, Cosentino M, Grandi AM, Cerutti S, Venco A. Lack of relationship between cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress and autonomic modulation of the sinoatrial node in normotensive and hypertensive male subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 71:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mongue-Din H, Salmon A, Fiszman MY, Fromes Y. Periodic variation in R-R intervals and cardiovascular autonomic regulation in young adult Syrian hamsters. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R610-7. [PMID: 19109374 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90376.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several hamster strains are commonly used as models for cardiomyopathic phenotypes evolving toward heart failure. However, little is known about heart rate variability (HRV) in this species. Prolonged surface ECG recording, a prerequisite to HRV studies, can be obtained either by telemetry or by restraints. Here, we performed long time ECG recording using telemetry on young adult Syrian hamsters and we analyzed time series of interbeat intervals. Standard statistics showed that the mean of normal R-R intervals slightly increased with age, with standard deviation of normal R-R intervals remaining stable over time. However, time domain analysis using Poincaré plots revealed dynamic changes in the HRV. Analysis of frequency domains revealed that the ratio of spectral components (low frequency/high frequency) exhibited a maturation pattern. Thus refined analysis of HRV revealed a more complex pattern than common statistical analysis would translate. Unlike other rodents, hamsters display a great spontaneous variability of their heart rate. As the complexity canvas of HRV might be the consequence of extracardiac regulation factors, we assessed the sympathovagal balance in both time and frequency domain of heart rate. Pharmacological tests revealed that both sympathetic and vagal tones contribute to HRV in Syrian hamsters. Thus Syrian hamsters have a broad intrinsic HRV with large influences of the neurovegetative system. However, the influence of the previous beat seems to prevail over the autonomic oscillators. These animals present a high sensitivity to artificially altered cardiac regulation and might be great models for the diagnosis of early alterations in the HRV related to pathology. Therefore, Syrian hamsters represent a unique model for HRV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mongue-Din
- Institut de Myologie-INSERM, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Henze M, Hart D, Samarel A, Barakat J, Eckert L, Scrogin K. Persistent alterations in heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, and anxiety-like behaviors during development of heart failure in the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H29-38. [PMID: 18456727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01373.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depressed heart rate variability and mood are associated with increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Here autonomic indexes were assessed 3 and 7 wk after left coronary artery ligation in telemetered rats, after which anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in an elevated plus maze. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) heart rate variability were reduced in CHF rats 3 wk after infarction (LF, 1.60 +/- 0.52 vs. 6.97 +/- 0.79 ms(2); and HF, 1.53 +/- 0.39 vs. 6.20 +/- 1.01 ms(2); P < 0.01). The number of sequences of interbeat intervals that correlated with arterial pressure was decreased in CHF rats at 3 and 7 wk (week 3, 26.60 +/- 10.85 vs. 59.75 +/- 11.4 sequences, P < 0.05; and week 7, 20.80 +/- 8.97 vs. 65.38 +/- 5.89 sequences, P < 0.01). Sequence gain was attenuated in CHF rats by 7 wk (1.34 +/- 0.06 vs. 2.70 +/- 0.29 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01). Coherence between interbeat interval and mean arterial blood pressure variability in the LF domain was reduced in CHF rats at 3 (0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.05 k(2), P < 0.05) and 7 (0.16 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.05 k(2), P < 0.05) wk. CHF rats invariably entered the open arm of the elevated plus maze first and spent more time in the open arms (36.0 +/- 15% vs. 4.6 +/- 1.9%, P < 0.05). CHF rats also showed a tendency to jump head first off the apparatus, whereas controls did not. Together the data indicate that severe autonomic dysfunction is accompanied by escape-seeking behaviors in rats with verified CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Henze
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Loyola Univ. Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Malfatto G, Branzi G, Ciambellotti F, Valli P, Bizzi C, Facchini M. Different ventricular remodelling and autonomic modulation after long-term beta-blocker treatment in hypertensive, ischaemic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2007; 8:840-5. [PMID: 17885524 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328011708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this retrospective analysis, we investigated the influence of aetiology on autonomic modulation and reverse ventricular remodelling induced by beta-blockade in heart failure. METHODS Twenty-three heart failure patients without comorbidities (mean age 61 +/- 4 years, New York Heart Association class 3.1 +/- 0.1, treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics) were divided into three groups according to aetiology: hypertensive (group 1, n = 7), ischaemic (group 2, n = 6), and idiopathic (group 3, n = 10). Before and after 6 months of carvedilol (53 +/- 10 mg/day), patients underwent cardiopulmonary test, echocardiography and autonomic evaluation with spectral analysis of RR variability (10 min of rest plus 10 min of standing: the low frequency/high frequency ratio between low and high frequency components of each spectrum was the index of sympathovagal balance). RESULTS Carvedilol improved New York Heart Association class and exercise performance. In group 1, ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume normalised, and interventricular septum thickness increased. No remodelling occurred in group 2. In group 3, interventricular septum thickness was unchanged, ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume improved. Also autonomic modulation differed. At baseline, adrenergic activation was observed either at rest or during standing. After carvedilol treatment, group 1 did not show any change in the low frequency/high frequency ratio in both conditions, whereas groups 2 and 3 showed reduced adrenergic activation at rest and normal response to standing. CONCLUSIONS Despite favourable ventricular remodelling, the poor autonomic modulation observed with beta-blockade indicates a persistent central adrenergic activation in hypertensive heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Malfatto
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Coyle S, Ward T, Markham C. Physiological noise in near-infrared spectroscopy: implications for optical brain computer interfacing. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2007; 2004:4540-3. [PMID: 17271316 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical method used to detect functional activation of the cerebral cortex. Cognitive, visual, auditory and motor tasks are among the functions that have been investigated by this technique in the context of optical brain computer interfacing. In order to determine whether the optical response is due to a stimulus, it is essential to identify and reduce the effects of physiological noise. This paper characterizes noise typically present in optical responses and reports signal processing approaches used to overcome such noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Coyle
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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Yildiz TS, Solak M, Toker K. The effects of surgical levels of sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia on heart rate variability. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007; 24:620-5. [PMID: 17376250 DOI: 10.1017/s0265021507000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The laryngeal mask has become a widely accepted alternative to endotracheal intubation and mask ventilation. The laryngeal tube is a relatively new supraglottic airway device for airway management. We compared the new version of the laryngeal tube with the laryngeal mask. METHODS In a randomized design, either a laryngeal tube (n = 66) or a laryngeal mask (n = 66) were inserted. Ease of insertion, oxygenation and ventilation, spirometry data and postoperative airway morbidity were determined. RESULTS After successful insertion, it was possible to maintain oxygenation and ventilation in all the patients. Insertion success rates after the first, second and third attempts were 84.8% (n = 56), 12.1% (n = 8) and 3% (n = 2) for the laryngeal tube compared with 56.1% (n = 37), 25.8% (n = 17) and 18.2% (n = 12) for the laryngeal mask (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in peak airway pressure, and dynamic compliance between the groups (P > 0.05). Blood on the cuff after removal of the device was noted in one patient with the laryngeal tube and in 10 patients with the laryngeal mask. Six patients in the laryngeal mask group complained of hoarseness (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION With respect to clinical function, the new version of the laryngeal tube and the laryngeal mask are similar and either device can be used to establish a safe and effective airway in paralysed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yildiz
- University of Kocaeli, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Li M, Liu Y, Hu D, Wang Y, Liu F, Feng G. Spatio-temporal analysis of stimuli-modulated spontaneous low frequency oscillations. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-007-0219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Voss A, Schroeder R, Truebner S, Goernig M, Figulla HR, Schirdewan A. Comparison of nonlinear methods symbolic dynamics, detrended fluctuation, and Poincare plot analysis in risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2007; 17:015120. [PMID: 17411277 DOI: 10.1063/1.2404633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has an incidence of about 20100 000 new cases per annum and accounts for nearly 10 000 deaths per year in the United States. Approximately 36% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) suffer from cardiac death within five years after diagnosis. Currently applied methods for an early risk prediction in DCM patients are rather insufficient. The objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of short-term nonlinear methods symbolic dynamics (STSD), detrended fluctuation (DFA), and Poincare plot analysis (PPA) for risk stratification in these patients. From 91 DCM patients and 30 healthy subjects (REF), heart rate and blood pressure variability (HRV, BPV), STSD, DFA, and PPA were analyzed. Measures from BPV analysis, DFA, and PPA revealed highly significant differences (p<0.0011) discriminating REF and DCM. For risk stratification in DCM patients, four parameters from BPV analysis, STSD, and PPA revealed significant differences between low and high risk (maximum sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 90%). These results suggest that STSD and PPA are useful nonlinear methods for enhanced risk stratification in DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Voss
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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