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Yen IW, Li HY. The role of vascular adhesion protein-1 in diabetes and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38581224 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) plays a dual role with its adhesive and enzymatic properties, facilitating leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation and catalyzing the breakdown of primary amines into harmful by-products, which are linked to diabetic complications. Present in various tissues, VAP-1 also circulates in a soluble form in the bloodstream. Diabetes is associated with several complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, significantly contributing to disability and mortality. These complications arise from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Earlier research, including our own from the 1990s and early 2000s, has underscored the critical role of VAP-1 in these pathological processes, prompting extensive investigation into its contribution to diabetic complications. In this review, we examine the involvement of VAP-1 in diabetes and its complications, alongside its link to other conditions related to diabetes, such as cancer and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We also explore the utility of soluble VAP-1 as a biomarker for diabetes, its complications, and other related conditions. Since the inhibition of VAP-1 to treat diabetic complications is a novel and promising treatment option, further studies are needed to translate the beneficial effect of VAP-1 inhibitors observed in animal studies to clinical trials recruiting human subjects. Besides, future studies should focus on using serum sVAP-1 levels for risk assessment in diabetic patients, identifying those who need intensive glycemic control, and determining the patient population that would benefit most from VAP-1 inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Weng Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Iwaki M, Yoneda M, Wada N, Otani T, Kobayashi T, Nogami A, Saito S, Nakajima A. Emerging drugs for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38469871 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2328036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approved drug therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are lacking, for which various agents are currently being tested in clinical trials. Effective drugs for liver fibrosis, the factor most associated with prognosis in NASH, are important. AREAS COVERED This study reviewed the treatment of NASH with a focus on the effects of existing drugs and new drugs on liver fibrosis. EXPERT OPINION Considering the complex pathophysiology of fibrosis in NASH, drug therapy may target multiple pathways. The method of assessing fibrosis is important when considering treatment for liver fibrosis in NASH. The Food and Drug Administration considers an important fibrosis endpoint to be histological improvement in at least one fibrosis stage while preventing worsening of fatty hepatitis. To obtain approval as a drug for NASH, efficacy needs to be demonstrated on endpoints such as liver-related events and myocardial infarction. Among the current therapeutic agents for NASH, thiazolidinedione, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α modulator have been reported to be effective against fibrosis, although further evidence is required. The effects of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, obeticholic acid, and fibroblast growth factor-21 analogs on liver fibrosis in the development stage therapeutics for NASH are of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Iwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asako Nogami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanno Hospital, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Pöstges T, Galster F, Kampschulze J, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. ω-(5-Phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)alkyl-substituted glycine amides and related compounds as inhibitors of the amine oxidase vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117558. [PMID: 38142562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), also known as plasma amine oxidase or semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, is an enzyme that degrades primary amines to aldehydes with the formation of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. Among others, it plays a role in inflammatory processes as it can mediate the migration of leukocytes from the blood to the inflamed tissue. We prepared a series of ω-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)alkyl-substituted glycine amides and related compounds and tested them for inhibition of purified bovine plasma VAP-1. Compounds with submicromolar activity were obtained. Studies on the mechanism of action revealed that the glycine amides are substrate inhibitors, i.e., they are also converted to an aldehyde derivative. However, the reaction proceeds much more slowly than that of the substrate used in the assay, whose conversion is thus blocked. Examination of the selectivity of the synthesized glycine amides with respect to other amine oxidases showed that they inhibited diamine oxidase, which is structurally related to VAP-1, but only to a much lesser extent. In contrast, the activity of monoamine oxidase A and B was not affected. Selected compounds also inhibited VAP-1 in human plasma. The IC50 values measured were higher than those determined with the bovine enzyme. However, the structure-activity relationships obtained with the glycine amides were similar for both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Pöstges
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Galster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Kampschulze
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Kovács KB, Bencs V, Hudák L, Oláh L, Csiba L. Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14067. [PMID: 37762370 PMCID: PMC10531605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain, is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. A potentially severe complication of the disease itself or its treatment aiming to restore optimal blood flow is hemorrhagic transformation (HT) increasing morbidity and mortality. Detailed summaries can be found in the literature on the pathophysiological background of hemorrhagic transformation, the potential clinical risk factors increasing its chance, and the different biomarkers expected to help in its prediction and clinical outcome. Clinicopathological studies also contribute to the improvement in our knowledge of hemorrhagic transformation. We summarized the clinical risk factors of the hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic strokes in terms of risk reduction and collected the most promising biomarkers in the field. Also, auxiliary treatment options in reperfusion therapies have been reviewed and collected. We highlighted that the optimal timing of revascularization treatment for carefully selected patients and the individualized management of underlying diseases and comorbidities are pivotal. Another important conclusion is that a more intense clinical follow-up including serial cranial CTs for selected patients can be recommended, as clinicopathological investigations have shown HT to be much more common than clinically suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - László Csiba
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.B.K.); (V.B.); (L.H.); (L.O.)
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The Impact of Semicarbazide Sensitive Amine Oxidase Activity on Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054946. [PMID: 36902376 PMCID: PMC10002598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is both a soluble- and membrane-bound transmembrane protein expressed in the vascular endothelial and in smooth muscle cells. In vascular endothelial cells, SSAO contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by mediating a leukocyte adhesion cascade; however, its contributory role in the development of atherosclerosis in VSMCs has not yet been fully explored. This study investigates SSAO enzymatic activity in VSMCs using methylamine and aminoacetone as model substrates. The study also addresses the mechanism by which SSAO catalytic activity causes vascular damage, and further evaluates the contribution of SSAO in oxidative stress formation in the vascular wall. SSAO demonstrated higher affinity for aminoacetone when compared to methylamine (Km = 12.08 µM vs. 65.35 µM). Aminoacetone- and methylamine-induced VSMCs death at concentrations of 50 & 1000 µM, and their cytotoxic effect, was reversed with 100 µM of the irreversible SSAO inhibitor MDL72527, which completely abolished cell death. Cytotoxic effects were also observed after 24 h of exposure to formaldehyde, methylglyoxal and H2O2. Enhanced cytotoxicity was detected after the simultaneous addition of formaldehyde and H2O2, as well as methylglyoxal and H2O2. The highest ROS production was observed in aminoacetone- and benzylamine-treated cells. MDL72527 abolished ROS in benzylamine-, methylamine- and aminoacetone-treated cells (**** p < 0.0001), while βAPN demonstrated inhibitory potential only in benzylamine-treated cells (* p < 0.05). Treatment with benzylamine, methylamine and aminoacetone reduced the total GSH levels (**** p < 0.0001); the addition of MDL72527 and βAPN failed to reverse this effect. Overall, a cytotoxic consequence of SSAO catalytic activity was observed in cultured VSMCs where SSAO was identified as a key mediator in ROS formation. These findings could potentially associate SSAO activity with the early developing stages of atherosclerosis through oxidative stress formation and vascular damage.
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β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine (BMAA) Modulates the Sympathetic Regulation and Homeostasis of Polyamines. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020141. [PMID: 36828455 PMCID: PMC9960692 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. Non-neuronal toxicity of BMAA is poorly studied with a reported increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of liver, kidney, and colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The aim of this research is to study the toxicity of BMAA (0.1-1 mM) on mitochondria and submitochondrial particles with ATPase activity, on the semicarbazide-sensitive amino oxidases (SSAOs) activity of rat liver, and on an in vitro model containing functionally active excitable tissues-regularly contracting heart muscle preparation with a preserved autonomic innervation. For the first time the BMAA-dependent inhibition of SSAO activity, the elimination of the positive inotropic effect of adrenergic innervation, and the direct and reversible inhibition of adrenaline signaling in ventricular myocytes with 1 mM BMAA were observed. Additionally, it is confirmed that 1 mM BMAA can activate mitochondrial ATPase indirectly. It is concluded that a higher dose of BMAA may influence multiple physiological and pathological processes as it slows down the degradation of biogenic amines, downregulates the sympathetic neuromediation, and embarrasses the cell signaling of adrenergic receptors.
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Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO) and Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) Association in Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111563. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main stromal cells in the medial layer of the vascular wall. These cells produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are involved in many pathological changes in the vascular wall. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) are vascular enzymes associated with the development of atherosclerosis. In the vascular smooth muscle cells, increased SSAO activity elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces VSMCs death; increased LOX induces chemotaxis through hydrogen peroxide dependent mechanisms; and decreased LOX contributes to endothelial dysfunction. This study investigates the relationship between SSAO and LOX in VSMCs by studying their activity, protein, and mRNA levels during VSMCs passaging and after silencing the LOX gene, while using their respective substrates and inhibitors. At the basal level, LOX activity decreased with passage and its protein expression was maintained between passages. βAPN abolished LOX activity (** p < 0.01 for 8 vs. 3 and * p < 0.05 for 5 vs. 8) and had no effect on LOX protein and mRNA levels. MDL72527 reduced LOX activity at passage 3 and 5 (## p < 0.01) and had no effect on LOX protein, and mRNA expression. At the basal level, SSAO activity also decreased with passage, and its protein expression was maintained between passages. MDL72527 abolished SSAO activity (**** p < 0.0001 for 8 vs. 3 and * p < 0.05 for 5 vs. 8), VAP-1 expression at passage 5 (** p < 0.01) and 8 (**** p < 0.0001), and Aoc3 mRNA levels at passage 8 (* p < 0.05). βAPN inhibited SSAO activity (**** p < 0.0001 for 5 vs. 3 and 8 vs. 3 and * p < 0.05 for 5 vs. 8), VAP-1 expression at passage 3 (* p < 0.05), and Aoc3 mRNA levels at passage 3 (* p < 0.05). Knockdown of the LOX gene (**** p < 0.0001 for Si6 vs. Sictrl and *** p < 0.001 for Si8 vs. Sictrl) and LOX protein (** p < 0.01 for Si6 and Si8 vs. Sictrl) in VSMCs at passage 3 resulted in a reduction in Aoc3 mRNA (#### p < 0.0001 for Si6 vs. Sictrl and ### p < 0.001 for Si8 vs. Sictrl) and VAP-1 protein (# p < 0.05 for Si8 vs. Sictrl). These novel findings demonstrate a passage dependent decrease in LOX activity and increase in SSAO activity in rat aortic VSMCs and show an association between both enzymes in early passage rat aortic VSMCs, where LOX was identified as a regulator of SSAO activity, protein, and mRNA expression.
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Filip A, Taleb S, Bascetin R, Jahangiri M, Bardin M, Lerognon C, Fève B, Lacolley P, Jalkanen S, Mercier N. Increased atherosclerotic plaque in AOC3 knock-out in ApoE−/− mice and characterization of AOC3 in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:848680. [PMID: 36176983 PMCID: PMC9513161 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.848680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) displays adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells and enzymatic functions. Given its controversial role in atherogenesis, we proposed to investigate the involvement of AOC3 in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice and human coronary arteries. Methods Lesions, contractile markers, and AOC3 were studied in aortic tissues from 15- and 25-week-old mice and different stages of human coronary atherosclerotic arteries by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or western blot. Human VSMCs, treated or not with LJP1586, an AOC3 inhibitor, were used to measure differentiation markers by qPCR. AOC3 co-localization with specific cell markers was studied by using confocal microscopy in mice and human samples. Results At 15 weeks old, the absence of AOC3 was associated with increased lesion size, α-SMA, and CD3 staining in the plaque independently of a cholesterol modification. At 25 weeks old, advanced plaques were larger with equivalent staining for α-SMA while CD3 increased in the media from ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice. At both ages, the macrophage content of the lesion was not modified. Contractile markers decreased whereas MCP-1 appeared augmented only in the 15-week-old ApoE−/−AOC3. AOC3 is mainly expressed by mice and human VSMC is slightly expressed by endothelium but not by macrophages. Conclusion AOC3 knock-out increased atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage related to a VSMC dedifferentiation associated with a higher T cells recruitment in plaques explained by the MCP-1 augmentation. This suggests that AOC3 may have an important role in atherosclerosis independent of its canonical inflammatory effect. The dual role of AOC3 impacts therapeutic strategies using pharmacological regulators of SSAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filip
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Inserm UMR_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Rümeyza Bascetin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Mohammad Jahangiri
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Matthieu Bardin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Cindy Lerognon
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, IHU ICAN, Service d'Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, APHP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nathalie Mercier
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Mercier
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Galster F, Pöstges T, Hanekamp W, Lehr M. ω-(5-Phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)alkyl-substituted hydrazides and related compounds as inhibitors of amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3). Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200111. [PMID: 35507758 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3), also known as plasma amine oxidase, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, or vascular adhesion protein-1, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines to aldehydes using copper and a quinone as cofactors. Because it is involved in the transmigration of inflammatory cells through blood vessels into tissues, AOC3 is thought to play an important role in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme could lead to new therapeutics for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Recently, 6-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)hexan-1-amine was found to be a tight-binding substrate of AOC3. To obtain novel inhibitors of the enzyme, the amino group of this substrate was replaced with functional groups that occur in known AOC3 inhibitors, such as hydrazide or glycine amide moieties. In addition, derivatives of the compounds obtained in this way were prepared. The obtained hydrazide 5, which proved to be the most effective, was subjected to further structural modifications. Selected hydrazides were evaluated for selectivity toward some other amine oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Galster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Pöstges
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Walburga Hanekamp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Xu Q, Chen X, Yu T, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Wang H, Huang W, Huang T, Liang F. Downregulation of VAP-1 in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis via NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reduces neutrophil infiltration. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:332-341. [PMID: 35174543 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is believed to play a role in inflammation. Studies have suggested that VAP-1-mediated activation of inflammation is dependent on NF-κB, leading to secretion of the interleukin(IL)-8; however, no reports have addressed the association between VAP-1 and NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the role of VAP-1 in OSCC and further explore whether VAP-1 is involved in the regulation of neutrophil infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Immunochemistry staining was used to observe VAP-1 expression. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to measure cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. OSCC xenograft mouse models were used for in vivo verification of the VAP-1 function. The expression of NF-κB and IL-8 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. ELISA for IL-8 was also conducted. The relationship between VAP-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS VAP-1 was overexpressed in human OSCC tissues. Downregulation of VAP-1 suppressed OSCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, downregulation of VAP-1 inhibited NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in vitro and in vivo. VAP-1 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration in human OSCC tissues. Moreover, blocking VAP-1 decreased neutrophil infiltration by reducing IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS VAP-1 downregulation in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reducing neutrophil infiltration in the TME, suggesting that VAP-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qinchao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wanqian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tianjing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Feixin Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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Neumann J, Kirchhefer U, Dhein S, Hofmann B, Gergs U. The Roles of Cardiovascular H 2-Histamine Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:732842. [PMID: 34987383 PMCID: PMC8720924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses pharmacological, structural and functional relationships among H2-histamine receptors and H1-histamine receptors in the mammalian heart. The role of both receptors in the regulation of force and rhythm, including their electrophysiological effects on the mammalian heart, will then be discussed in context. The potential clinical role of cardiac H2-histamine-receptors in cardiac diseases will be examined. The use of H2-histamine receptor agonists to acutely increase the force of contraction will be discussed. Special attention will be paid to the potential role of cardiac H2-histamine receptors in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Moreover, novel findings on the putative role of H2-histamine receptor antagonists in treating chronic heart failure in animal models and patients will be reviewed. Some limitations in our biochemical understanding of the cardiac role of H2-histamine receptors will be discussed. Recommendations for further basic and translational research on cardiac H2-histamine receptors will be offered. We will speculate whether new knowledge might lead to novel roles of H2-histamine receptors in cardiac disease and whether cardiomyocyte specific H2-histamine receptor agonists and antagonists should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Landratsamt Altenburger Land, Altenburg, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Herzchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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12
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Dash PK, Alomar FA, Cox JL, McMillan J, Hackfort BT, Makarov E, Morsey B, Fox HS, Gendelman HE, Gorantla S, Bidasee KR. A Link Between Methylglyoxal and Heart Failure During HIV-1 Infection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792180. [PMID: 34970611 PMCID: PMC8712558 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset heart failure (HF) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1) infection (PLWH), yet the molecular causes for this remain poorly understood. Herein NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ humanized mice (Hu-mice), plasma from PLWH, and autopsied cardiac tissues from deceased HIV seropositive individuals were used to assess if there is a link between the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) and HF in the setting of HIV-1 infection. At five weeks post HIV infection, Hu-mice developed grade III-IV diastolic dysfunction (DD) with an associated two-fold increase in plasma MG. At sixteen-seventeen weeks post infection, cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening also declined by 26 and 35%, and plasma MG increased to four-fold higher than uninfected controls. Histopathological and biochemical analyses of cardiac tissues from Hu-mice 17 weeks post-infection affirmed MG increase with a concomitant decrease in expression of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (Glo1). The endothelial cell marker CD31 was found to be lower, and coronary microvascular leakage and myocardial fibrosis were prominent. Increasing expression of Glo1 in Hu-mice five weeks post-infection using a single dose of an engineered AAV2/9 (1.7 × 1012 virion particles/kg), attenuated the increases in plasma and cardiac MG levels. Increasing Glo1 also blunted microvascular leakage, fibrosis, and HF seen at sixteen weeks post-infection, without changes in plasma viral loads. In plasma from virally suppressed PLWH, MG was also 3.7-fold higher. In autopsied cardiac tissues from seropositive, HIV individuals with low viral log, MG was 4.2-fold higher and Glo1 was 50% lower compared to uninfected controls. These data show for the first time a causal link between accumulation of MG and HF in the setting of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K Dash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Fadhel A Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bryan T Hackfort
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Edward Makarov
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Brenda Morsey
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard S Fox
- Departments of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Keshore R Bidasee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Departments of Environment and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.,Nebraska Redox Biology Center, Lincoln, NE, United States
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13
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Li H, Du S, Niu P, Gu X, Wang J, Zhao Y. Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1)/Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO): A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679707. [PMID: 34322017 PMCID: PMC8312380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), whose enzymatic activity regulates the adhesion/exudation of leukocytes in/from blood vessels. Due to its abundant expressions in vascular systems and prominent roles in inflammations, increasing attentions have been paid to the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular inflammation that eventually drives clinical cardiovascular events. Clinical studies have demonstrated a potential value of soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings revealed that VAP-1 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and treatment with VAP-1 inhibitors alleviates the progression of atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and therapeutic potentials of VAP-1 inhibitors for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Panpan Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Zengin G, Andronie-Cioara FL, Toma MM, Bungau S, Bumbu AG. Role of Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Alzheimer's Disease: An Insight into the Therapeutic Potential of Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123724. [PMID: 34207264 PMCID: PMC8234097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite not being utilized as considerably as other antidepressants in the therapy of depression, the monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) proceed to hold a place in neurodegeneration and to have a somewhat broad spectrum in respect of the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Preclinical and clinical studies on MAOIs have been developing in recent times, especially on account of rousing discoveries manifesting that these drugs possess neuroprotective activities. The altered brain levels of monoamine neurotransmitters due to monoamine oxidase (MAO) are directly associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activated MAO induces the amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition via abnormal cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Additionally, activated MAO contributes to the generation of neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive impairment due to neuronal loss. No matter the attention of researchers on the participation of MAOIs in neuroprotection has been on monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors, there is a developing frame of proof indicating that monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) inhibitors may also play a role in neuroprotection. The therapeutic potential of MAOIs alongside the complete understanding of the enzyme’s physiology may lead to the future advancement of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (D.K.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mirela Marioara Toma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Adrian Gheorghe Bumbu
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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15
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Overview of the Neuroprotective Effects of the MAO-Inhibiting Antidepressant Phenelzine. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:225-242. [PMID: 33839994 PMCID: PMC8732914 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenelzine (PLZ) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant with anxiolytic properties. This multifaceted drug has a number of pharmacological and neurochemical effects in addition to inhibition of MAO, and findings on these effects have contributed to a body of evidence indicating that PLZ also has neuroprotective/neurorescue properties. These attributes are reviewed in this paper and include catabolism to the active metabolite β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) and effects of PLZ and PEH on the GABA-glutamate balance in brain, sequestration of reactive aldehydes, and inhibition of primary amine oxidase. Also discussed are the encouraging findings of the effects of PLZ in animal models of stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis, as well other actions such as reduction of nitrative stress, reduction of the effects of a toxin on dopaminergic neurons, potential anticonvulsant actions, and effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neural cell adhesion molecules, an anti-apoptotic factor, and brain levels of ornithine and N-acetylamino acids.
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16
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Unzeta M, Hernàndez-Guillamon M, Sun P, Solé M. SSAO/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073365. [PMID: 33805974 PMCID: PMC8036996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) or primary amine oxidase (PrAO), is a deaminating enzyme highly expressed in vessels that generates harmful products as a result of its enzymatic activity. As a multifunctional enzyme, it is also involved in inflammation through its ability to bind and promote the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Inflammation is present in different systemic and cerebral diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These pathologies show important affectations on cerebral vessels, together with increased SSAO levels. This review summarizes the main roles of SSAO/VAP-1 in human physiology and pathophysiology and discusses the mechanisms by which it can affect the onset and progression of both stroke and AD. As there is an evident interrelationship between stroke and AD, basically through the vascular system dysfunction, the possibility that SSAO/VAP-1 could be involved in the transition between these two pathologies is suggested. Hence, its inhibition is proposed to be an interesting therapeutical approach to the brain damage induced in these both cerebral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Auònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mar Hernàndez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-896-766
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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17
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Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Mediates Gut Microbial Flagellin-Induced Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, and Hepatic Steatosis. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 ligand, flagellin, and vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) are involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to determine whether VAP-1 mediates flagellin-induced hepatic fat accumulation. The effects of flagellin on adipocyte VAP-1 expression were first studied in vitro. Then, flagellin (100 ng/mouse) or saline was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J (WT) and C57BL/6-Aoc3-/- (VAP-1 KO) mice on a high-fat diet twice a week every 2 weeks for 10 weeks. After that, the effects on inflammation, insulin signaling, and metabolism were studied in liver and adipose tissues. Hepatic fat was quantified histologically and biochemically. Because flagellin challenge increased VAP-1 expression in human adipocytes, we used VAP-1 KO mice to determine whether VAP-1 regulates the inflammatory and metabolic effects of flagellin in vivo. In mice, VAP-1 mediated flagellin-induced inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and lipolysis in visceral adipose tissue. Consequently, an increased release of glycerol led to hepatic steatosis in WT, but not in KO mice. Flagellin-induced hepatic fibrosis was not mediated by VAP-1. VAP-1 KO mice harbored more inflammation-related microbes than WT mice, while flagellin did not affect the gut microbiota. Our results suggest that by acting on visceral adipose tissue, flagellin increased leukocyte infiltration that induced lipolysis. Further, the released glycerol participated in hepatic fat accumulation. In conclusion, the results describe that gut microbial flagellin through VAP-1 induced hepatic steatosis.
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18
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Shepherd EL, Karim S, Newsome PN, Lalor PF. Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein-1 modifies hepatic steatosis in vitro and in vivo. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:931-948. [PMID: 33312420 PMCID: PMC7701969 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i11.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and currently is estimated to affect up to a third of all individuals in developed countries. Current standard of care for patients varies according to disease stage, but includes lifestyle interventions common insulin sensitizers, antioxidants and lipid modifiers. However, to date specific therapies have shown little histological or fibrosis stage improvement in large clinical trials, and there is still no licensed therapy for NAFLD. Given the high prevalence, limited treatment options and significant screening costs for the general population, new treatments are urgently required.
AIM To assess the potential for inhibition of the amine oxidase enzyme vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) to modify hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD.
METHODS We have used immunochemical and qPCR analysis to document expression of VAP-1 and key functional proteins and transporters across the NAFLD spectrum. We then utilised hepatocytes in culture and human precision cut liver slices in concert with selective enzyme activity inhibitors to test the effects of activating the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity of VAP-1 on hepatic lipid uptake and triglyceride export. A murine model of NAFLD was also used to determine the consequences of VAP-1 knockout and gene expression arrays were used to quantify the effects of VAP-1 activity on key lipid modifying and proinflammatory gene expression.
RESULTS We confirmed that increasing severity of NAFLD and progression to cirrhosis was associated with a significant increase in hepatocellular VAP-1 expression. Hepatocytes in vitro exposed to recombinant VAP-1 and its substrate methylamine showed increased lipid accumulation as determined by quantification of Oil Red O uptake. This was recapitulated using hydrogen peroxide, and lipid accumulation was accompanied by changes in expression of the lipid transporter molecules FABP3, FATP6, insulin receptor subunits and PPARα. Human liver tissue exposed to recombinant VAP-1 or substrates for endo/exogenous VAP-1 produced less triglyceride than untreated tissue and demonstrated an increase in steatosis. This response could be inhibited by using bromoethylamine to inhibit the SSAO activity of VAP-1, and mice deficient in VAP-1/AOC3 also demonstrated reduced steatosis on high fat diet. Exposure of human liver tissue to methylamine to activate VAP-1 resulted in increased expression of FABP2 and 4, FATP3-5, caveolin-1, VLDLR, PPARGC1 and genes associated with the inflammatory response.
CONCLUSION Our data confirm that the elevations in hepatic VAP-1 expression reported in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can contribute to steatosis, metabolic disturbance and inflammation. This suggests that targeting the semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase capacity of VAP-1 may represent a useful adjunct to other therapeutic strategies in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Birmingham National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Sumera Karim
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Birmingham National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Newsome
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Birmingham National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, Birmingham National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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19
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Jargaud V, Bour S, Tercé F, Collet X, Valet P, Bouloumié A, Guillemot JC, Mauriège P, Jalkanen S, Stolen C, Salmi M, Smith DJ, Carpéné C. Obesity of mice lacking VAP-1/SSAO by Aoc3 gene deletion is reproduced in mice expressing a mutated vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) devoid of amine oxidase activity. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:141-154. [PMID: 32712883 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The product of Aoc3 gene is known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), a glycoprotein contributing to leukocyte extravasation and exhibiting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity (SSAO). Regarding the immune functions of VAP-1/SSAO, it is known that mice bearing Aoc3 gene knock-out (AOC3KO) exhibit defects in leukocyte migration similar to those of mice expressing a mutated VAP-1 lacking functional SSAO activity (knock-in, AOC3KI). However, it has not been reported whether these models differ regarding other disturbances. Thus, we further compared endocrine-metabolic phenotypes of AOC3KO and AOC3KI mice to their respective control. Special attention was paid on adiposity, glucose and lipid handling, since VAP-1/SSAO is highly expressed in adipose tissue (AT). In both mouse lines, no tissue SSAO activity was found, while Aoc3 mRNA was absent in AOC3KO only. Although food consumption was unchanged, both AOC3KO and AOC3KI mice were heavier and fatter than their respective controls. Other alterations commonly found in adipocytes from both lines were loss of benzylamine insulin-like action with unchanged insulin lipogenic responsiveness and adiponectin expression. A similar downregulation of inflammatory markers (CD45, IL6) was found in AT. Glucose handling and liver mass remained unchanged, while circulating lipid profile was distinctly altered, with increased cholesterol in AOC3KO only. These results suggest that the lack of oxidase activity found in AOC3KI is sufficient to reproduce the metabolic disturbances observed in AOC3KO mice, save those related with cholesterol transport. Modulation of SSAO activity therefore constitutes a potential target for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, especially obesity when complicated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jargaud
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sandy Bour
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascale Mauriège
- Dept. of Kinesiology, Fac. of Medicine and PEPS, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig Stolen
- MediCity and Biotie Therapies Plc, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France. .,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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20
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Deng Y. Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092029. [PMID: 32349282 PMCID: PMC7248702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine supplementation of the population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with an exercise program is known to be a possible therapy adjuvant with hypoglycemic effects. However, excessive administration of creatine leads to the production of methylamine which is deaminated by the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and as a result, cytotoxic compounds are produced. SSAO activity and reaction products are increased in the serum of T2DM patients. Creatine supplementation by diabetics will further augment the activity of SSAO. The current review aims to find a feasible way to ameliorate T2DM for patients who exercise and desire to consume creatine. Several natural agents present in food which are involved in the regulation of SSAO activity directly or indirectly are reviewed. Particularly, zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), histamine/histidine, caffeine, iron (Fe), and vitamin D are discussed. Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Papukashvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-68914907
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21
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Romauch M. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein as an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3. Open Biol 2020; 10:190035. [PMID: 32315567 PMCID: PMC6685929 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through cross-linking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3-also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)-deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2O2 and NH3. It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2O2 has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Romauch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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22
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Papukashvili D, Rcheulishvili N, Deng Y. Attenuation of Weight Gain and Prevention of Associated Pathologies by Inhibiting SSAO. Nutrients 2020; 12:E184. [PMID: 31936548 PMCID: PMC7019322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide prevalent metabolic disorder that is associated with diabetes, among many other diseases. Bearing this in mind, prevention and treatment ways need to be improved. Notably, activity of the enzyme semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is found to be elevated in overweight subjects. Moreover, SSAO inhibition has resulted in an increase of histamine activity in adipose tissue and the limitation of body fat. The current review aims to overview the risks of obesity, rationalize the molecular ways of SSAO activity, and outline the strategies of inhibiting upregulated enzyme levels. It describes the differences between SSAO inhibitors and advances the prospective agents. Based on evidence, caffeine is proposed as an effective, safe, and reliable choice to inhibit SSAO activity. Furthermore, the histamine in adipocytes has been associated with SSAO activity. Therefore, it is suggested as one of the key compounds to be studied for obesity management. To conclude, inhibiting SSAO may attenuate weight gain and prevent related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Papukashvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (D.P.); (N.R.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, Beijing 100081, China
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Vascular Adhesion Protein 1 Mediates Gut Microbial Flagellin-Induced Inflammation, Leukocyte Infiltration, and Hepatic Steatosis. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 ligand, flagellin, and Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) are involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to determine whether VAP-1 mediates flagellin-induced hepatic fat accumulation. The effects of flagellin on adipocyte VAP-1 expression were first studied in vitro. Then, flagellin (100 ng/mouse) or saline was intraperitoneally injected to C57BL/6J WT and C57BL/6-Aoc3-/- (VAP-1 KO) mice on high-fat diet twice a week every two weeks for 10-weeks. After that, the effects on inflammation, insulin signaling, and metabolism were studied in liver and adipose tissues. Hepatic fat was quantified histologically and biochemically. Because flagellin challenge increased VAP-1 expression in human adipocytes, we used VAP-1 KO mice to determine whether VAP-1 regulates the inflammatory and metabolic effects of flagellin in vivo. In mice, VAP-1 mediated flagellin-induced inflammation, leukocyte infiltration and lipolysis in visceral adipose tissue. Consequently, increased release of glycerol led to hepatic steatosis in WT but not KO mice. Flagellin-induced hepatic fibrosis was not mediated by VAP-1. VAP-1 KO mice harbored more inflammation-related microbes than WT, while flagellin did not affect the gut microbiota. Our results suggest that by acting on visceral adipose tissue, flagellin increased leukocyte infiltration that induced lipolysis. Further, the released glycerol participated in hepatic fat accumulation. In conclusion, the results describe that gut microbial flagellin through VAP-1 induced hepatic steatosis.
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24
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Mergemeier K, Galster F, Lehr M. HPLC-UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase using crude bovine plasma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:144-149. [PMID: 30427224 PMCID: PMC6237158 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1524890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have described a method for evaluation of plasma amine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors, which monitors the formation of 6-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)hexanal from the corresponding amine substrate by HPLC with UV-detection using purified bovine PAO. We now investigated, whether crude bovine plasma can be used as enzyme source in this assay instead of the purified enzyme. With the aid of specific inhibitors, it was ensured that there was no detectable activity of other important amine oxidases in the plasma, namely monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B and diamine oxidase (DAO). For a series of ω-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)alkan-1-amine substrates similar conversion rates were measured for both the purified PAO and crude plasma. The inhibition values determined for the PAO inhibitor 2-(4-phenylphenyl)acetohydrazide (16) under different conditions also corresponded. Additionally, inhibition data of the known PAO inhibitor 2-amino-N-(3-phenylbenzyl)acetamide (17) and a newly synthesised meta-substituted derivative of 16 were determined, which together reflect the two-step inhibition mechanism of these covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Galster
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Ciccarelli G, Baroni MG, Cavallo MG. Sick fat: the good and the bad of old and new circulating markers of adipose tissue inflammation. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:1257-1272. [PMID: 31073969 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is one of the largest endocrine organs contributing to metabolic homeostasis. The functional pleiotropism of AT depends on its ability to secrete a large number of hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, all influencing many local and systemic physiological and pathophysiological processes. In condition of chronic positive energy balance, adipocyte expansion, hypoxia, apoptosis and stress all lead to AT inflammation and dysfunction, and it has been demonstrated that this sick fat is a main risk factor for many metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, cardiovascular disease and cancer. AT dysfunction is tightly associated with aberrant secretion of bioactive peptides, the adipocytokines, and their blood concentrations often reflect the expression in the AT. Despite the existence of an association between AT dysfunction and systemic pro-inflammatory state, most of the circulating molecules detectable in obese and dysmetabolic individuals do not identify specifically the condition of sick fat. Based on this premise, this review provides a concise overview of "classic" and novel promising adipocytokines associated with AT inflammation and discusses possible critical approaches to their interpretation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M G Baroni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - M G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Carpéné C, Mauriège P, Boulet N, Biron S, Grolleau JL, Garcia-Barrado MJ, Iglesias-Osma MC. Methylamine Activates Glucose Uptake in Human Adipocytes Without Overpassing Action of Insulin or Stimulating its Secretion in Pancreatic Islets. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6030089. [PMID: 31409018 PMCID: PMC6789716 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methylamine, a natural soluble amine present in foods, is known to be a substrate of primary amine oxidase (PrAO) widely expressed in animal tissues. Methylamine has been reported to activate glucose transport in fat cells and to facilitate glucose disposal in rabbits but the interests and limits of such insulin-mimicking actions have not been further explored. This work aimed to perform a preclinical study of the inter-individual variations of these biological properties to study the putative link between PrAO activity and insulin resistance. Methods: Methylamine was tested on human adipocyte preparations and in rabbit pancreatic islets to determine its influence on glucose uptake and insulin release, respectively. PrAO activity and related responses were determined in adipose tissues obtained from two cohorts of non-obese and obese women. Results: Adipose tissue PrAO activity was negatively correlated with insulin resistance in high-risk obese women. PrAO-dependent activation of glucose uptake was negatively correlated with body mass index and reflected the decrease of insulin responsiveness of human fat cells with increasing obesity. Methylamine exhibited antilipolytic properties in adipocytes but was unable to directly activate insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets. Conclusions: PrAO activation by its substrates, e.g., methylamine, increases glucose utilization in human adipocytes in a manner that is linked to insulin responsiveness. Methylamine/PrAO interaction can therefore contribute to adipose tissue enlargement but should be considered as potentially useful for diabetes prevention since it could limit lipotoxicity and facilitate glucose handling, at the expense of favoring healthy fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France.
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascale Mauriège
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, 31432 Toulouse, France
- I2MC, University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Biron
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | | | - Maria José Garcia-Barrado
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Lopes de Carvalho L, Bligt-Lindén E, Ramaiah A, Johnson MS, Salminen TA. Evolution and functional classification of mammalian copper amine oxidases. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106571. [PMID: 31351182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian copper-containing amine oxidases (CAOs), encoded by four genes (AOC1-4) and catalyzing the oxidation of primary amines to aldehydes, regulate many biological processes and are linked to various diseases including inflammatory conditions and histamine intolerance. Despite the known differences in their substrate preferences, CAOs are currently classified based on their preference for either primary monoamines (EC 1.4.3.21) or diamines (EC 1.4.3.22). Here, we present the first extensive phylogenetic study of CAOs that, combined with structural analyses of the CAO active sites, provides in-depth knowledge of their relationships and guidelines for classification of mammalian CAOs into AOC1-4 sub-families. The phylogenetic results show that CAOs can be classified based on two residues, X1 and X2, from the active site motif: T/S-X1-X2-N-Y-D. Residue X2 discriminates among the AOC1 (Tyr), AOC2 (Gly), and AOC3/AOC4 (Leu) proteins, while residue X1 further classifies the AOC3 (Leu) and AOC4 (Met) proteins that so far have been poorly identified and annotated. Residues X1 and X2 conserved within each sub-family and located in the catalytic site seem to be the key determinants for the unique substrate preference of each CAO sub-family. Furthermore, one residue located at 10 Å distance from the catalytic site is different between the sub-families but highly conserved within each sub-family (Asp in AOC1, His in AOC2, Thr in AOC3 and Asn in AOC4) and likely contributes to substrate selectivity. Altogether, our results will benefit the design of new sub-family specific inhibitors and the design of in vitro tests to detect individual CAO levels for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Lopes de Carvalho
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Bligt-Lindén
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu 627412, India
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Yang H, Liu CN, Wolf RM, Ralle M, Dev S, Pierson H, Askin F, Steele KE, Magnuson TH, Schweitzer MA, Wong GW, Lutsenko S. Obesity is associated with copper elevation in serum and tissues. Metallomics 2019; 11:1363-1371. [PMID: 31249997 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Copper misbalance has been linked to fat accumulation in animals and experimental systems; however, information about copper homeostasis in human obesity is limited. In this study, the copper status of obese individuals was evaluated by measuring their levels of copper and cuproproteins in serum, adipose and hepatic tissues. The analysis of serum trace elements showed significant positive and element-specific correlation between copper and BMI after controlling for gender, age, and ethnicity. Serum copper also positively correlated with leptin, insulin, and the leptin/BMI ratio. When compared to lean controls, obese patients had elevated circulating cuproproteins, such as semucarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and ceruloplasmin, and higher SSAO activity and copper levels in visceral fat. Although hepatic steatosis reduces copper levels in the liver, obese patients with no or mild steatosis have higher copper content in the liver compared to lean controls. In conclusion, obese patients evaluated in this study had altered copper status. Strong positive correlations of copper levels with BMI and leptin suggest that copper and/or cuproproteins may be functionally linked to fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chin-Nung Liu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Risa M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Som Dev
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frederic Askin
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kimberley E Steele
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Magnuson
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Schweitzer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. and Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Jiang G, Li F, Wang S, Sun J, Liu Z. Positive correlation between lipid accumulation and gene expression of a copper-containing amine oxidase gene in Chlorella under nitrogen starvation. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bardell D, Milner PI, Goljanek-Whysall K, Peffers MJ. Differences in plasma and peritoneal fluid proteomes identifies potential biomarkers associated with survival following strangulating small intestinal disease. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:727-732. [PMID: 30854696 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strangulating small intestinal disease (SSID) carries a poor prognosis for survival in comparison to other types of colic, particularly if resection is required. Identification of markers which aid early diagnosis may prevent the need for resection, assist with more accurate prognostication and/or support the decision on whether surgical intervention is likely to be successful, would be of significant welfare benefit. OBJECTIVES To apply an unbiased methodology to investigate the plasma and peritoneal fluid proteomes in horses diagnosed with SSID requiring resection, to identify novel biomarkers which may be of diagnostic or prognostic value. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. METHODS Plasma and peritoneal fluid from horses presented with acute abdominal signs consistent with SSID was collected at initial clinical examination. Samples from eight horses diagnosed with SSID at surgery in which resection of affected bowel was performed and four control horses subjected to euthanasia for orthopaedic conditions were submitted for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Protein expression profiles were determined using label-free quantification. Data were analysed using analysis of variance to identify differentially expressed proteins between control and all SSID horses and SSID horses which survived to hospital discharge and those which did not. Significance was assumed at P≤0.05. RESULTS A greater number of proteins were identified in peritoneal fluid than plasma of both SSID cases and controls, with 123 peritoneal fluid and 13 plasma proteins significantly differentially expressed (DE) between cases and controls (P<0.05, ≥2 fold change). Twelve peritoneal fluid proteins (P<0.036) and four plasma proteins (P<0.05) were significantly DE between SSID horses which survived and those which did not. MAIN LIMITATIONS A low number of samples were analysed, there was variation in duration and severity of SSID and only short-term outcome was considered. CONCLUSIONS Changes in peritoneal fluid proteome may provide a sensitive indicator of small intestinal strangulation and provide biomarkers relevant to prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bardell
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - P I Milner
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - K Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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31
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Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity levels in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cytotoxic chemotherapy. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 is up-regulated in hyperglycemia and is associated with incident diabetes negatively. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:512-522. [PMID: 30022055 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) can enhance tissue glucose uptake in cell studies and normalize hyperglycemia in animal studies. However, serum VAP-1 concentration (sVAP-1) is higher in subjects with diabetes in cross-sectional studies. In this cohort study, we test our hypothesis that sVAP-1 is increased in prediabetes to counteract hyperglycemia and is associated with incident diabetes negatively. SUBJECTS/METHODS From 2006 to 2012, 600 subjects without diabetes from Taiwan Lifestyle Study were included and followed regularly. Diabetes was diagnosed if FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L), 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, or if the subject received anti-diabetic medications. Abdominal fat areas were measured by abdominal computed tomography and sVAP-1 was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS sVAP-1 was higher in subjects with prediabetes (p < 0.05) and increased during an OGTT (p < 0.001). Fasting sVAP-1 was associated with the response of sVAP-1 during an OGTT (p < 0.001). Besides, sVAP-1 was associated negatively with body mass index (BMI, r = -0.1449, p = 0.003), waist circumference (r = -0.1425, p = 0.004), abdominal visceral (r = -0.1457, p = 0.003), and subcutaneous (r = -0.1025, p = 0.035) fat areas, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration (r = -0.2035, p < 0.0001), and positively with plasma adiponectin concentration (r = 0.2086, p < 0.0001), adjusted for age and gender. After 4.7 ± 2.6 years, 73 subjects (12.2%) developed incident diabetes. High sVAP-1 predicted a lower incidence of diabetes, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-IR (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.50-0.88, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS sVAP-1 is increased in response to hyperglycemia. It is associated with obesity and serum hsCRP concentration negatively, and plasma adiponectin concentration positively. Besides, a high sVAP-1 is associated with a lower incidence of diabetes in human.
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Wang SH, Yu TY, Tsai FC, Weston CJ, Lin MS, Hung CS, Kao HL, Li YI, Solé M, Unzeta M, Chen YL, Chuang LM, Li HY. Inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Transl Res 2018; 197:12-31. [PMID: 29653075 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are important for atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and has semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity, which catalyzes oxidative deamination to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to generation of AGEs and ALEs. However, the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis remains controversial, and no studies used coronary angiography to evaluate if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we examined if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography in humans and investigated the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by a specific inhibitor PXS-4728A on atherosclerosis in cell and animal models. In the study, VAP-1/SSAO expression was increased in plaques in humans and in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice, and colocalized with vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Patients with CAD had higher plasma VAP-1/SSAO than those without CAD. Plasma VAP-1/SSAO was positively associated with the extent of CAD. In ApoE-deficient mice, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduced atheroma and decreased oxidative stress. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition attenuated the expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractant proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines in the aorta, and suppressed monocyte adhesion and transmigration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, the expression of markers for macrophage recruitment and activation in plaques was decreased by VAP-1/SSAO inhibition. Besides, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition suppressed proliferation and migration of A7r5 SMC. Our data suggest that plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a novel biomarker for the presence and the extent of CAD in humans. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by PXS-4728A is a potential treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ya Yu
- Health Management Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chris J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-I Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Montse Solé
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Inhibition of Semicarbazide-sensitive Amine Oxidase Reduces Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-fed New Zealand White Rabbits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9249. [PMID: 29915377 PMCID: PMC6006253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) are important components of atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation. Its enzymatic activity, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), can catalyze oxidative deamination reactions to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to the subsequent generation of AGEs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis. In our study, immunohistochemical staining showed that atherosclerotic plaques displayed higher VAP-1 expression than normal arterial walls in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits and humans. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, VAP-1 was expressed on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the thickened intima of the aorta. Treatment with PXS-4728A, a selective VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor, in cholesterol-fed rabbits significantly decreased SSAO-specific hydrogen peroxide generation in the aorta and reduced atherosclerotic plaques. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition also lowered blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, suppressed recruitment and activation of macrophages, and decreased migration and proliferation of SMC. In conclusion, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduces atherosclerosis and may act through suppression of several important mechanisms for atherosclerosis.
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Trivedi PJ, Tickle J, Vesterhus MN, Eddowes PJ, Bruns T, Vainio J, Parker R, Smith D, Liaskou E, Thorbjørnsen LW, Hirschfield GM, Auvinen K, Hubscher SG, Salmi M, Adams DH, Weston CJ. Vascular adhesion protein-1 is elevated in primary sclerosing cholangitis, is predictive of clinical outcome and facilitates recruitment of gut-tropic lymphocytes to liver in a substrate-dependent manner. Gut 2018; 67:1135-1145. [PMID: 28428344 PMCID: PMC5969351 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is the classical hepatobiliary manifestation of IBD. This clinical association is linked pathologically to the recruitment of mucosal T cells to the liver, via vascular adhesion protein (VAP)-1-dependent enzyme activity. Our aim was to examine the expression, function and enzymatic activation of the ectoenzyme VAP-1 in patients with PSC. DESIGN We examined VAP-1 expression in patients with PSC, correlated levels with clinical characteristics and determined the functional consequences of enzyme activation by specific enzyme substrates on hepatic endothelium. RESULTS The intrahepatic enzyme activity of VAP-1 was elevated in PSC versus immune-mediated disease controls and non-diseased liver (p<0.001). The adhesion of gut-tropic α4β7+lymphocytes to hepatic endothelial cells in vitro under flow was attenuated by 50% following administration of the VAP-1 inhibitor semicarbazide (p<0.01). Of a number of natural VAP-1 substrates tested, cysteamine-which can be secreted by inflamed colonic epithelium and gut bacteria-was the most efficient (yielded the highest enzymatic rate) and efficacious in its ability to induce expression of functional mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 on hepatic endothelium. In a prospectively evaluated patient cohort with PSC, elevated serum soluble (s)VAP-1 levels predicted poorer transplant-free survival for patients, independently (HR: 3.85, p=0.003) and additively (HR: 2.02, p=0.012) of the presence of liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS VAP-1 expression is increased in PSC, facilitates adhesion of gut-tropic lymphocytes to liver endothelium in a substrate-dependent manner, and elevated levels of its circulating form predict clinical outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak J Trivedi
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph Tickle
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mette Nåmdal Vesterhus
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter J Eddowes
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Germany,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | | | - Richard Parker
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Evaggelia Liaskou
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liv Wenche Thorbjørnsen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kaisa Auvinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stefan G Hubscher
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - David H Adams
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK,Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham Queen Elizabeth, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris J Weston
- National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Centre Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Correlation of serum vascular adhesion protein-1 with airflow limitation and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2017; 132:149-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Novel Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine-Oxidase Inhibitor SzV-1287 in Chronic Arthritis Models of the Mouse. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39863. [PMID: 28067251 PMCID: PMC5220351 DOI: 10.1038/srep39863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyses oxidative deamination of primary amines. Since there is no data about its function in pain and arthritis mechanisms, we investigated the effects of our novel SSAO inhibitor SzV-1287 in chronic mouse models of joint inflammation. Effects of SzV-1287 (20 mg/kg i.p./day) were investigated in the K/BxN serum-transfer and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-evoked active immunization models compared to the reference SSAO inhibitor LJP-1207. Mechanonociception was assessed by aesthesiometry, oedema by plethysmometry, clinical severity by scoring, joint function by grid test, myeloperoxidase activity by luminescence, vascular leakage by fluorescence in vivo imaging, histopathological changes by semiquantitative evaluation, and cytokines by Luminex assay. SzV-1287 significantly inhibited hyperalgesia and oedema in both models. Plasma leakage and keratinocyte chemoattractant production in the tibiotarsal joint, but not myeloperoxidase activity was significantly reduced by SzV-1287 in K/BxN-arthritis. SzV-1287 did not influence vascular and cellular mechanisms in CFA-arthritis, but significantly decreased histopathological alterations. There was no difference in the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of SzV-1287 and LJP-1207, but only SzV-1287 decreased CFA-induced tissue damage. Unlike SzV-1287, LJP-1207 induced cartilage destruction, which was confirmed in vitro. SzV-1287 exerts potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in chronic arthritis models of distinct mechanisms, without inducing cartilage damage.
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Anatomical distribution of primary amine oxidase activity in four adipose depots and plasma of severely obese women with or without a dysmetabolic profile. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:475-486. [PMID: 27766585 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), identical to primary amine oxidase or vascular adhesion protein-1, is a membrane enzyme that generates hydrogen peroxide. SSAO is highly expressed at the adipocyte surface, and its plasma levels increase with type 2 diabetes. Since visceral adipose tissue (AT) is more tightly associated with obesity complications than subcutaneous (SC) abdominal fat, we compared SSAO activity in plasma and 4 distinct AT locations in 48 severely obese women (body mass index (BMI), averaging 54 ± 11 kg/m2), with or without a dysmetabolic profile. Higher glucose and triacylglycerol levels vs lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol characterized dysmetabolic women (DYS; n = 25) from non-dysmetabolic (NDYS; n = 23), age- and weight-matched subjects. SC, mesenteric (ME), omental (OM), and round ligament (RL) fat locations were collected during bariatric surgery. SSAO capacity to oxidize up to 1 mM benzylamine was determined in AT and plasma with radiometric and fluorimetric methods. Plasma SSAO was higher in the DYS group. SSAO activity was higher in fat than in plasma, when expressed as radiolabeled benzaldehyde per milligram of protein. In ATs from DYS women, protein content was 10 % higher, and basal hydrogen peroxide release lower than in NDYS subjects, except for RL location. The SSAO affinity towards benzylamine did not exhibit regional variation and was not altered by a dysmetabolic profile (K m averaging 184 ± 7 μM; n = 183). Although radiometric and fluorimetric methods gave different estimates of oxidase activity, both indicated that AT SSAO activity did not vary according to anatomical location and/or metabolic status in severely obese women.
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Thornalley PJ. Dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in disease mechanisms and clinical therapeutics. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:513-25. [PMID: 27406712 PMCID: PMC4975768 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reactive dicarbonyl metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) is the precursor of the major quantitative advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in physiological systems - arginine-derived hydroimidazolones and deoxyguanosine-derived imidazopurinones. The glyoxalase system in the cytoplasm of cells provides the primary defence against dicarbonyl glycation by catalysing the metabolism of MG and related reactive dicarbonyls. Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of dicarbonyl metabolites leading to increased protein and DNA modification contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction in ageing and disease. It is produced endogenously by increased formation and/or decreased metabolism of dicarbonyl metabolites. Dicarbonyl stress contributes to ageing, disease and activity of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. It contributes to ageing through age-related decline in glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) activity. Glo-1 has a dual role in cancer as a tumour suppressor protein prior to tumour development and mediator of multi-drug resistance in cancer treatment, implicating dicarbonyl glycation of DNA in carcinogenesis and dicarbonyl-driven cytotoxicity in mechanism of action of anticancer drugs. Glo-1 is a driver of cardiovascular disease, likely through dicarbonyl stress-driven dyslipidemia and vascular cell dysfunction. Dicarbonyl stress is also a contributing mediator of obesity and vascular complications of diabetes. There are also emerging roles in neurological disorders. Glo-1 responds to dicarbonyl stress to enhance cytoprotection at the transcriptional level through stress-responsive increase of Glo-1 expression. Small molecule Glo-1 inducers are in clinical development for improved metabolic, vascular and renal health and Glo-1 inhibitors in preclinical development for multidrug resistant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Glyoxalase Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Glyoxalase Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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HPLC-UV method for evaluation of inhibitors of plasma amine oxidase using derivatization of an aliphatic aldehyde product with TRIS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4799-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kostoro J, Chang SJ, Clark Lai YC, Wu CC, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Overexpression of vascular adhesion protein-1 is associated with poor prognosis of astrocytomas. APMIS 2016; 124:462-8. [PMID: 26935340 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is one of the endothelial adhesion molecules that is believed to play a role in tumor progression and metastasis, supporting cancer cell extravasation. Very few studies have been performed on analyzing the contribution of VAP-1 in brain tumor. Astrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumors, which are classified by World Health Organization (WHO) into four grades according to the degree of malignancy. This study was designed to investigate VAP-1 expression level in different astrocytoma grades and its correlation with clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of astrocytoma patients. Eighty-seven patients with different grades of astrocytoma (WHO Grade I-Grade IV) were enrolled in this study. The expression of VAP-1 was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between VAP-1 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated by Chi-square test, and overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent influence of each parameter on overall survival. The expression level of VAP-1 was significantly higher in diffuse astrocytoma than those of pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, upregulated VAP-1 expression was frequently found in older age patients (≥50 years). The VAP-1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival (p = 0.0002). There was a statistical correlation between VAP-1(high) tumors in diffuse astrocytoma and VAP-1(low) tumors in pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated VAP-1 was an independent predictive marker for poorer prognosis (p = 0.0036). Therefore, VAP-1 could be a promising prognostic biomarker in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostoro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Clark Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li HY, Lin HA, Nien FJ, Wu VC, Jiang YD, Chang TJ, Kao HL, Lin MS, Wei JN, Lin CH, Shih SR, Hung CS, Chuang LM. Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Predicts End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147981. [PMID: 26845338 PMCID: PMC4742057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the deamination of primary amines into aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We have shown that serum VAP-1 is higher in patients with diabetes and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and can predict cardiovascular mortality in subjects with diabetes. In this study, we investigated if serum VAP-1 can predict ESRD in diabetic subjects. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, a total of 604 type 2 diabetic subjects were enrolled between 1996 to 2003 at National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan, and were followed for a median of 12.36 years. The development of ESRD was ascertained by linking our database with the nationally comprehensive Taiwan Society Nephrology registry. Serum VAP-1 concentrations at enrollment were measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. RESULTS Subjects with serum VAP-1 in the highest tertile had the highest incidence of ESRD (p<0.001). Every 1-SD increase in serum VAP-1 was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.55 (95%CI 1.12-2.14, p<0.01) for the risk of ESRD, adjusted for smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, body mass index, hypertension, HbA1c, duration of diabetes, total cholesterol, use of statins, ankle-brachial index, estimated GFR, and proteinuria. We developed a risk score comprising serum VAP-1, HbA1c, estimated GFR, and proteinuria, which could predict ESRD with good performance (area under the ROC curve = 0.9406, 95%CI 0.8871-0.9941, sensitivity = 77.3%, and specificity = 92.8%). We also developed an algorithm based on the stage of CKD and a risk score including serum VAP-1, which can stratify these subjects into 3 categories with an ESRD risk of 0.101%/year, 0.131%/year, and 2.427%/year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, serum VAP-1 can predict ESRD and is a useful biomarker to improve risk stratification in type 2 diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-An Lin
- Lo-Sheng Sanatorium and Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jung Nien
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Der Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Jyun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hu Z, Zhao P, Zhang K, Zang L, Liao H, Ma W. Evaluation of Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6312529. [PMID: 27446209 PMCID: PMC4942652 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6312529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a glycoprotein that mediates tissue-selective lymphocyte adhesion. The prognostic value of VAP-1 has been determined in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes and the predictive value of serum VAP-1 in patients with thyroid cancer. A total of 126 patients with thyroid nodules and 53 healthy controls participated in this study. The patients were further divided into subgroup 1 (69 cases with benign thyroid nodules) and subgroup 2 (57 cases with thyroid cancer). Serum VAP-1 was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Diagnostic value of presurgical VAP-1 for thyroid cancer was conducted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Serum levels of VAP-1 were significantly lower in thyroid cancer group than in healthy control and benign thyroid nodule groups. VAP-1 concentrations negatively correlated with serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in thyroid cancer patients (r = -0.81; p < 0.001). The optimum cut-off value of VAP-1 was 456.6 ng/mL with a 77.4% specificity and 66.7% sensitivity for thyroid cancer diagnosis. Serum VAP-1 decreased in thyroid cancer patients and VAP-1 could be a potential useful adjunct biomarker in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Pengxin Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Leilei Zang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Haiying Liao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- *Haiying Liao: and
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- *Weiyuan Ma:
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Plasma soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 concentration correlates with arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:67-71. [PMID: 25959807 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness is related to inflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is both as an adhesion molecule involving in inflammation and as an amine oxidase producing aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide involved in protein cross-linking, oxidative stress and endothelial injury. OBJECTIVE We explored the associations of plasma soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) with arterial stiffness. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Health Examination Center at the General Hospital of the Air Force in Beijing, China. SUBJECTS 568 Han Chinese healthy persons living in Beijing (aged 50.7 ± 8.0 years). METHODS sVAP-1 concentration was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Arterial stiffness was measured as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on both left and right sides of the examinees, and the larger and the mean values were recorded. Cardiovascular risk factors were investigated. RESULTS sVAP-1 was significantly associated with maximal or mean baPWV in subjects of age ≥ 60 years after adjusting for baPWV-related confounders (β=36.922, p<0.05 or β=32.512, p<0.05) or after adjusting for all the variables (β=37.924, p<0.05 or β=33.193, p<0.05), but not in subjects of age <60 years. sVAP-1 had an independent and positive correlation with age (r=0.222, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma sVAP-1, increased with age, is associated with arterial stiffness in older individuals. VAP-1 may be important mechanism for vascular aging.
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Solé M, Miñano-Molina AJ, Unzeta M. A cross-talk between Aβ and endothelial SSAO/VAP-1 accelerates vascular damage and Aβ aggregation related to CAA-AD. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:762-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Weston CJ, Shepherd EL, Claridge LC, Rantakari P, Curbishley SM, Tomlinson JW, Hubscher SG, Reynolds GM, Aalto K, Anstee QM, Jalkanen S, Salmi M, Smith DJ, Day CP, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein-1 promotes liver inflammation and drives hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:501-20. [PMID: 25562318 DOI: 10.1172/jci73722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of manifestations, including steatosis and cirrhosis. Progressive disease is characterized by hepatic leukocyte accumulation in the form of steatohepatitis. The adhesion molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a membrane-bound amine oxidase that promotes leukocyte recruitment to the liver, and the soluble form (sVAP-1) accounts for most circulating monoamine oxidase activity, has insulin-like effects, and can initiate oxidative stress. Here, we determined that hepatic VAP-1 expression is increased in patients with chronic liver disease and that serum sVAP-1 levels are elevated in patients with NAFLD compared with those in control individuals. In 4 murine hepatic injury models, an absence or blockade of functional VAP-1 reduced inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver and attenuated fibrosis. Moreover, disease was reduced in animals expressing a catalytically inactive form of VAP-1, implicating enzyme activity in the disease pathogenesis. Within the liver, hepatic stromal cells expressed functional VAP-1, and evaluation of cultured cells revealed that sVAP-1 promotes leukocyte migration through catalytic generation of ROS, which depended on VAP-1 enzyme activity. VAP-1 enhanced stromal cell spreading and wound closure and modulated expression of profibrotic genes. Together, these results link the amine oxidase activity of VAP-1 with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and suggest that targeting VAP-1 has therapeutic potential for NAFLD and other chronic fibrotic liver diseases.
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Sun P, Solé M, Unzeta M. Involvement of SSAO/VAP-1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation-mediated damage using the endothelial hSSAO/VAP-1-expressing cells as experimental model of cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 37:171-80. [PMID: 24503888 DOI: 10.1159/000357660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the acute phase of ischemic stroke, endothelial cells are activated and induce the expression of adhesion molecules. Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) is a proinflammatory protein that mediates leukocyte recruitment through its semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity (EC 1.4.3.21). Plasmatic SSAO activity predicts the appearance of parenchymal hemorrhages after tissue plasminogen activator treatment in ischemic stroke patients, and it is increased as well in hemorrhagic stroke patients. The aim of this study has been to elucidate the role of SSAO/VAP-1 present in endothelial cells during ischemic stroke conditions. METHODS Based on the use of endothelial cells expressing, or not expressing, the human SSAO/VAP-1 protein, we have set up an easy ischemic model using oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) as an experimental approach to the stroke process. Different OGD and reoxygenation conditions have been analyzed. Western blotting has been used to analyze the activated apoptotic pathways. Several metalloproteinase inhibitors were also used to determine their role in the SSAO/VAP-1 release from the membrane of endothelial cells to the culture media, as a soluble form. Adhesion assays were also performed in order to assess the SSAO/VAP-1-dependent leukocyte adhesion to the endothelia under different OGD and reoxygenation conditions. RESULTS Our results show that SSAO/VAP-1 expression increases the susceptibility of endothelial cells to OGD, and that its enzymatic activity, through specific substrate oxidation, increases vascular cell damage under these experimental conditions. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 are activated during the death process. In addition, OGD constitutes a stimulus for soluble SSAO/VAP-1 release, partly mediated by metalloproteinase-2-dependent shedding. Short-time OGD induces SSAO/VAP-1-dependent leukocyte binding on endothelial cells, which is partly dependent on its enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SSAO/VAP-1 could participate in some of the processes occurring during stroke. Its expression in endothelial cells increases the OGD-associated cell damage. SSAO/VAP-1 mediates also part of the tissue damage during the reoxygenation process by oxidizing its known enzymatic substrate, methylamine. Also, OGD constitutes a stimulus for its soluble-form release, found elevated in many pathological conditions including stroke. OGD induces SSAO-dependent leukocyte-binding activity, which may have consequences in disease progression, since leukocyte infiltration has shown a determinant role in cerebral ischemia. For all the stroke-related processes in which SSAO/VAP-1 participates, it would be an interesting therapeutic target. Therefore, this model will be a very useful tool for the screening of new molecules as therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Li YI, Hung JS, Yu TY, Liou JM, Wei JN, Kao HL, Chuang LM, Shun CT, Lee PH, Lai HS, Su CY, Li HY, Liang JT. Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 predicts all-cause mortality and cancer-related mortality in subjects with colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 428:51-6. [PMID: 24211727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and catalyzes the breakdown of amines to produce aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia. Serum VAP-1 can predict cancer mortality, including colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, in type 2 diabetic subjects. However, it remains unknown if serum VAP-1 can predict mortality in CRC patients. This prospective cohort study investigates if serum VAP-1 is a novel biomarker for mortality prediction in CRC. METHODS We enrolled 300 CRC patients. Preoperative serum VAP-1 was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. They were followed until September 2009 or death, which was ascertained by the National Death Registration System. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. Compared with normal counterpart, VAP-1 immunoactivity was upregulated in CRC tissues, especially at the invasion front. Serum VAP-1 can independently predict all-cause mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0003-1.0050, P<0.05) and cancer-related mortality (HR: 1.0026, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0050, P<0.05). A risk score composed of age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) >5 ng/ml, tumor grading, tumor staging, and serum VAP-1 could stratify CRC patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups, with a 5-year mortality rate of 10%, 34%, and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum VAP-1 predicts mortality independently and improves risk stratification in CRC subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-I Li
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ya Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Shiee Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yin Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tung Liang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Foot JS, Yow TT, Schilter H, Buson A, Deodhar M, Findlay AD, Guo L, McDonald IA, Turner CI, Zhou W, Jarolimek W. PXS-4681A, a Potent and Selective Mechanism-Based Inhibitor of SSAO/VAP-1 with Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:365-74. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang YC, Li HY, Wei JN, Lin MS, Shih SR, Hua CH, Smith DJ, Vanio J, Chuang LM. Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 level is higher in smokers than non-smokers. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:413-8. [PMID: 23802578 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.788679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)/vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and cancer. Because chemical components and metabolites of cigarettes are deaminated by SSAO, the relationship between smoking and serum SSAO/VAP-1 was studied in humans. METHODS A total of 451 non-diabetic and normoalbuminuric Han Chinese subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Smoking history was obtained by using a questionnaire and those who smoked more than 100 cigarettes during a 6-month period were considered smokers. Serum VAP-1 concentration was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Age, gender, waist circumference and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were adjusted in different statistical models. RESULTS Smokers were mainly male (85.7% versus 26.3%) and were more obese than non-smokers (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher serum VAP-1 concentrations were older (p < 0.001) and tended to have larger waist circumferences and lower estimated GFR. Serum VAP-1 concentration was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.05) after adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, estimated GFR, liver biochemistry and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking is associated with elevated serum VAP-1 concentration. Whether VAP-1 and its SSAO activity link the relationship between cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis and cancer requires further investigation.
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