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Xue M, Irshad Z, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Increased cellular protein modification by methylglyoxal activates endoplasmic reticulum-based sensors of the unfolded protein response. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103025. [PMID: 38199038 PMCID: PMC10821617 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects increased misfolded proteins and activates protein refolding, protein degradation and inflammatory responses. UPR sensors in the endoplasmic reticulum, IRE1α and PERK, bind and are activated by proteins with unexpected surface hydrophobicity, whereas sensor ATF6 is activated by proteolytic cleavage when released from complexation with protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). Metabolic dysfunction leading to the formation of misfolded proteins with surface hydrophobicity and disruption of ATF6-PDI complexes leading to activation of UPR sensors remains unclear. The cellular concentration of reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG), is increased in impaired metabolic health, producing increased MG-modified cellular proteins. Herein we assessed the effect of high glucose concentration and related increased cellular MG on activation status of IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. Human aortal endothelial cells and HMEC-1 microvascular endothelial cells were incubated in low and high glucose concentration to model blood glucose control, with increase or decrease of MG by silencing or increasing expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), which metabolizes MG. Increased MG induced by high glucose concentration activated IRE1α, PERK and ATF6 and related downstream signalling leading to increased chaperone, apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression. Correction of increased MG by increasing Glo1 expression prevented UPR activation. MG modification of proteins produces surface hydrophobicity through arginine-derived hydroimidazolone MG-H1 formation, with related protein unfolding and preferentially targets PDIs and chaperone pathways for modification. It thereby poses a major challenge to proteostasis and activates UPR sensors. Pharmacological decrease of MG with Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin in combination, offers a novel treatment strategy to counter UPR-related cell dysfunction, particularly in hyperglycemia associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zehra Irshad
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis in hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis of insulin resistance, beta-cell glucotoxicity, and diabetic vascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268308. [PMID: 38292764 PMCID: PMC10824962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, beta-cell glucotoxicity, and vascular complications of diabetes. We propose the hypothesis, hexokinase-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis, in explanation. Hexokinases (HKs) catalyze the first step of glucose metabolism. Increased flux of glucose metabolism through glycolysis gated by HKs, when occurring without concomitant increased activity of glycolytic enzymes-unscheduled glycolysis-produces increased levels of glycolytic intermediates with overspill into effector pathways of cell dysfunction and pathogenesis. HK1 is saturated with glucose in euglycemia and, where it is the major HK, provides for basal glycolytic flux without glycolytic overload. HK2 has similar saturation characteristics, except that, in persistent hyperglycemia, it is stabilized to proteolysis by high intracellular glucose concentration, increasing HK activity and initiating glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis. This drives the development of vascular complications of diabetes. Similar HK2-linked unscheduled glycolysis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in impaired fasting glucose drives the development of peripheral insulin resistance. Glucokinase (GCK or HK4)-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis occurs in persistent hyperglycemia in hepatocytes and beta-cells, contributing to hepatic insulin resistance and beta-cell glucotoxicity, leading to the development of type 2 diabetes. Downstream effector pathways of HK-linked unscheduled glycolysis are mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; activation of hexosamine, protein kinase c, and dicarbonyl stress pathways; and increased Mlx/Mondo A signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS was proposed as the initiator of metabolic dysfunction in hyperglycemia, but it is rather one of the multiple downstream effector pathways. Correction of HK2 dysregulation is proposed as a novel therapeutic target. Pharmacotherapy addressing it corrected insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Overall, the damaging effects of hyperglycemia are a consequence of HK-gated increased flux of glucose metabolism without increased glycolytic enzyme activities to accommodate it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Al-Saei ANJM, Nour-Eldine W, Rajpoot K, Arshad N, Al-Shammari AR, Kamal M, Akil AAS, Fakhro KA, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Validation of plasma protein glycation and oxidation biomarkers for the diagnosis of autism. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02357-9. [PMID: 38135754 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. It is currently diagnosed by behaviour-based assessments made by observation and interview. In 2018 we reported a discovery study of a blood biomarker diagnostic test for ASD based on a combination of four plasma protein glycation and oxidation adducts. The test had 88% accuracy in children 5-12 years old. Herein, we present an international multicenter clinical validation study (N = 478) with application of similar biomarkers to a wider age range of 1.5-12 years old children. Three hundred and eleven children with ASD (247 male, 64 female; age 5.2 ± 3.0 years) and 167 children with typical development (94 male, 73 female; 4.9 ± 2.4 years) were recruited for this study at Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals, Qatar, and Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain. For subjects 5-12 years old, the diagnostic algorithm with features, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), Nω-carboxymethylarginine (CMA) and 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone (3DG-H), and oxidative damage marker, o,o'-dityrosine (DT), age and gender had accuracy 83% (CI 79 - 89%), sensitivity 94% (CI 90-98%), specificity 67% (CI 57-76%) and area-under-the-curve of receiver operating characteristic plot (AUROC) 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90). Inclusion of additional plasma protein glycation and oxidation adducts increased the specificity to 74%. An algorithm with 12 plasma protein glycation and oxidation adduct features was optimum for children of 1.5-12 years old: accuracy 74% (CI 70-79%), sensitivity 75% (CI 63-87%), specificity 74% (CI 58-90%) and AUROC 0.79 (CI 0.74-0.84). We conclude that ASD diagnosis may be supported using an algorithm with features of plasma protein CML, CMA, 3DG-H and DT in 5-12 years-old children, and an algorithm with additional features applicable for ASD screening in younger children. ASD severity, as assessed by ADOS-2 score, correlated positively with plasma protein glycation adducts derived from methylglyoxal, hydroimidazolone MG-H1 and Nε(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL). The successful validation herein may indicate that the algorithm modifiable features are mechanistic risk markers linking ASD to increased lipid peroxidation, neuronal plasticity and proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wared Nour-Eldine
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, PO Box 341799, Dubai, UAE
| | - Noman Arshad
- BIOMISA Laboratory, Department of Computer & Software Engineering, National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abeer R Al-Shammari
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Madeeha Kamal
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Laboratory, Population Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Laboratory, Population Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Nejat S, Menikdiwela KR, Efotte A, Scoggin S, Vandanmagsar B, Thornalley PJ, Dehbi M, Moustaid-Moussa N. Genetic Deletion of DNAJB3 Using CRISPR-Cas9, Produced Discordant Phenotypes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1857. [PMID: 37895206 PMCID: PMC10606339 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several pathways and/or genes have been shown to be dysregulated in obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed, for the first time, impaired expression of DNAJB3 mRNA and protein in subjects with obesity, which was concomitant with increased metabolic stress. Restoring the normal expression of DNAJB3 attenuated metabolic stress and improved insulin signaling both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a protective role of DNAJB3 against obesity and T2D. The precise underlying mechanisms remained, however, unclear. This study was designed to confirm the human studies in a mouse model of dietary obesity-induced insulin resistance, and, if validated, to understand the underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that mice lacking DNAJB3 would be more prone to high-fat (HF)-diet-induced increase in body weight and body fat, inflammation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Three DNAJB3 knockout (KO) lines were generated (KO 30, 44 and 47), using CRISPR-Cas9. Male and female KO and WT mice were fed a HF diet (45% kcal fat) for 16 weeks. Body weight was measured biweekly, and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted at week 13 and 14, respectively. Body composition was determined monthly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Following euthanasia, white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle were harvested for further analyses. Compared with WT mice, male and female KO 47 mice demonstrated higher body weight and fat mass. Similarly, KO 47 mice also showed a slower rate of glucose clearance in GTT that was consistent with decreased mRNA expression of the GLUT4 gene in WAT but not in the muscle. Both male and female KO 47 mice exhibited higher mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory marker TNF-a in WAT only, whereas increased mRNA levels of MCP1 chemokine and the ER stress marker BiP/Grp78 were observed in male but not in female KO 47 mice. However, we did not observe the same changes in the other KO lines. Taken together, the phenotype of the DNAJB3 KO 47 mice was consistent with the metabolic changes and low levels of DNAJB3 reported in human subjects. These findings suggest that DNAJB3 may play an important role in metabolic functions and glucose homeostasis, which warrants further phenotyping and intervention studies in other KO 47 and other KO mice, as well as investigating this protein as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nejat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Kalhara R. Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Aliyah Efotte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (P.J.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (P.J.T.); (M.D.)
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (S.N.); (K.R.M.); (A.E.); (S.S.)
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Ehtewish H, Mesleh A, Ponirakis G, De la Fuente A, Parray A, Bensmail I, Abdesselem H, Ramadan M, Khan S, Chandran M, Ayadathil R, Elsotouhy A, Own A, Al Hamad H, Abdelalim EM, Decock J, Alajez NM, Albagha O, Thornalley PJ, Arredouani A, Malik RA, El-Agnaf OMA. Blood-Based Proteomic Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarker Candidates and Pathogenic Pathways in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098117. [PMID: 37175824 PMCID: PMC10179172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a progressive and debilitating neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Identifying the minimally invasive biomarkers associated with dementia that could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, improve early diagnosis, and facilitate the development of effective treatments is pressing. Proteomic studies have emerged as a promising approach for identifying the protein biomarkers associated with dementia. This pilot study aimed to investigate the plasma proteome profile and identify a panel of various protein biomarkers for dementia. We used a high-throughput proximity extension immunoassay to quantify 1090 proteins in 122 participants (22 with dementia, 64 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 controls with normal cognitive function). Limma-based differential expression analysis reported the dysregulation of 61 proteins in the plasma of those with dementia compared with controls, and machine learning algorithms identified 17 stable diagnostic biomarkers that differentiated individuals with AUC = 0.98 ± 0.02. There was also the dysregulation of 153 plasma proteins in individuals with dementia compared with those with MCI, and machine learning algorithms identified 8 biomarkers that classified dementia from MCI with an AUC of 0.87 ± 0.07. Moreover, multiple proteins selected in both diagnostic panels such as NEFL, IL17D, WNT9A, and PGF were negatively correlated with cognitive performance, with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≤ -0.47. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of dementia-associated proteins implicated immune response, vascular injury, and extracellular matrix organization pathways in dementia pathogenesis. In conclusion, the combination of high-throughput proteomics and machine learning enabled us to identify a blood-based protein signature capable of potentially differentiating dementia from MCI and cognitively normal controls. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms for the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Georgios Ponirakis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Alberto De la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Marwan Ramadan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Shafi Khan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Mani Chandran
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Raheem Ayadathil
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elsotouhy
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Own
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Neuroradiology Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Rabbani N, Adaikalakoteswari A, Larkin JR, Panagiotopoulos S, MacIsaac RJ, Yue DK, Fulcher GR, Roberts MA, Thomas M, Ekinci E, Thornalley PJ. Analysis of Serum Advanced Glycation Endproducts Reveals Methylglyoxal-Derived Advanced Glycation MG-H1 Free Adduct Is a Risk Marker in Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010152. [PMID: 36613596 PMCID: PMC9820473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is linked to decline in renal function, particularly in patients with diabetes. Major forms of AGEs in serum are protein-bound AGEs and AGE free adducts. In this study, we assessed levels of AGEs in subjects with and without diabetes, with normal renal function and stages 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), to identify which AGE has the greatest progressive change with decline in renal function and change in diabetes. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with stages 2-4 CKD, with and without diabetes, and healthy controls (n = 135). Nine protein-bound and free adduct AGEs were quantified in serum. Most protein-bound AGEs increased moderately through stages 2-4 CKD whereas AGE free adducts increased markedly. Methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone MG-H1 free adduct was the AGE most responsive to CKD status, increasing 8-fold and 30-fold in stage 4 CKD in patients without and with diabetes, respectively. MG-H1 Glomerular filtration flux was increased 5-fold in diabetes, likely reflecting increased methylglyoxal glycation status. We conclude that serum MG-H1 free adduct concentration was strongly related to stage of CKD and increased in diabetes status. Serum MG-H1 free adduct is a candidate AGE risk marker of non-diabetic and diabetic CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - James R. Larkin
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Sianna Panagiotopoulos
- Endocrine Centre, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, West Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Richard J. MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dennis K. Yue
- Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Gregory R. Fulcher
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Roberts
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - Merlin Thomas
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Elif Ekinci
- Endocrine Centre, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, West Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-7090-1635
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Masania J, Wijten P, Keipert S, Ost M, Klaus S, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Decreased methylglyoxal-mediated protein glycation in the healthy aging mouse model of ectopic expression of UCP1 in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102574. [PMID: 36521306 PMCID: PMC9772855 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with ectopic expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle exhibit a healthy aging phenotype with increased longevity and resistance to impaired metabolic health. This may be achieved by decreasing protein glycation by the reactive metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG). We investigated protein glycation and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of mice with UCP1 expression under control of the human skeletal actin promoter (HSA-mUCP1) at age 12 weeks (young) and 70 weeks (aged). We found both young and aged HSA-mUCP1 mice had decreased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formed from MG, lysine-derived Nε(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and arginine-derived hydroimidazolone, MG-H1, whereas protein glycation by glucose forming Nε-fructosyl-lysine (FL) was increased ca. 2-fold, compared to wildtype controls. There were related increases in FL-linked AGEs, Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and 3-deoxylglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone 3DG-H, and minor changes in protein oxidative and nitration adducts. In aged HSA-mUCP1 mice, urinary MG-derived AGEs/FL ratio was decreased ca. 60% whereas there was no change in CML/FL ratio - a marker of oxidative damage. This suggests that, normalized for glycemic status, aged HSA-mUCP1 mice had a lower flux of whole body MG-derived AGE exposure compared to wildtype controls. Proteomics analysis of skeletal muscle revealed a shift to increased heat shock proteins and mechanoprotection and repair in HSA-mUCP1 mice. Decreased MG-derived AGE protein content in skeletal muscle of aged HSA-mUCP1 mice is therefore likely produced by increased proteolysis of MG-modified proteins and increased proteostasis surveillance of the skeletal muscle proteome. From this and previous transcriptomic studies, signaling involved in enhanced removal of MG-modified protein is likely increased HSPB1-directed HUWE1 ubiquitination through eIF2α-mediated, ATF5-induced increased expression of HSPB1. Decreased whole body exposure to MG-derived AGEs may be linked to increased weight specific physical activity of HSA-mUCP1 mice. Decreased formation and increased clearance of MG-derived AGEs may be associated with healthy aging in the HSA-mUCP1 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinit Masania
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Patrick Wijten
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mario Ost
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutrition Science, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author. Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. An Introduction to the Special Issue "Protein Glycation in Food, Nutrition, Health and Disease". Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13053. [PMID: 36361833 PMCID: PMC9656604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
On 20-24 September 2021, leading researchers in the field of glycation met online at the 14th International Symposium on the Maillard Reaction (IMARS-14), hosted by the authors of this introductory editorial, who are from Doha, Qatar [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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9
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Toor SM, Aldous EK, Parray A, Akhtar N, Al-Sarraj Y, Abdelalim EM, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O, Thornalley PJ, Pananchikkal SV, Pir GJ, Kuni RAT, Shuaib A, Alajez NM, Albagha OME. Identification of distinct circulating microRNAs in acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1024790. [PMID: 36277770 PMCID: PMC9582656 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1024790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of global mortality and continued efforts aim to identify predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarkers to reduce the disease burden. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in stroke. We performed comprehensive circulating miRNA profiling of ischemic stroke patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an important risk factor associated with worse clinical outcomes in stroke. Serum samples were collected within 24 h of acute stroke diagnosis and circulating miRNAs profiled using RNA-Seq were compared between stroke patients with T2DM (SWDM; n = 92) and those without T2DM (SWoDM; n = 98). Our analysis workflow involved random allocation of study cohorts into discovery (n = 96) and validation (n = 94) datasets. Five miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in SWDM compared to SWoDM patients. Hsa-miR-361-3p and -664a-5p were downregulated, whereas miR-423-3p, -140-5p, and -17-3p were upregulated. We also explored the gene targets of these miRNAs and investigated the downstream pathways associated with them to decipher the potential pathways impacted in stroke with diabetes as comorbidity. Overall, our novel findings provide important insights into the differentially regulated miRNAs, their associated pathways and potential utilization for clinical benefits in ischemic stroke patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M. Toor
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman K. Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajitha V. Pananchikkal
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Omar M. E. Albagha,
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10
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Murphy MP, Bayir H, Belousov V, Chang CJ, Davies KJA, Davies MJ, Dick TP, Finkel T, Forman HJ, Janssen-Heininger Y, Gems D, Kagan VE, Kalyanaraman B, Larsson NG, Milne GL, Nyström T, Poulsen HE, Radi R, Van Remmen H, Schumacker PT, Thornalley PJ, Toyokuni S, Winterbourn CC, Yin H, Halliwell B. Guidelines for measuring reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in cells and in vivo. Nat Metab 2022; 4:651-662. [PMID: 35760871 PMCID: PMC9711940 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their consequences for health and disease are emerging throughout biological sciences. This development has led researchers unfamiliar with the complexities of ROS and their reactions to employ commercial kits and probes to measure ROS and oxidative damage inappropriately, treating ROS (a generic abbreviation) as if it were a discrete molecular entity. Unfortunately, the application and interpretation of these measurements are fraught with challenges and limitations. This can lead to misleading claims entering the literature and impeding progress, despite a well-established body of knowledge on how best to assess individual ROS, their reactions, role as signalling molecules and the oxidative damage that they can cause. In this consensus statement we illuminate problems that can arise with many commonly used approaches for measurement of ROS and oxidative damage, and propose guidelines for best practice. We hope that these strategies will be useful to those who find their research requiring assessment of ROS, oxidative damage and redox signalling in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias P Dick
- German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Henry J Forman
- Gerontology, Molecular & Computational Biology, and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Gems
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Nils-Göran Larsson
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Rafael Radi
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Paul J Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry and Life Sciences Institute Neurobiogy Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-2-Linked Glycolytic Overload and Unscheduled Glycolysis-Driver of Insulin Resistance and Development of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042165. [PMID: 35216280 PMCID: PMC8877341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of the glucose-induced stabilization of hexokinase-2 (HK2) to proteolysis in cell dysfunction in model hyperglycemia has revealed a likely key initiating factor contributing to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications in diabetes. Consequently, the increased flux of glucose metabolism without a change in the expression and activity of glycolytic enzymes produces a wave of increased glycolytic intermediates driving mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, the activation of hexosamine and protein kinase C pathways, the increased formation of methylglyoxal-producing dicarbonyl stress, and the activation of the unfolded protein response. This is called HK2-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis. The conditions required to sustain this are GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 glucose uptake and the expression of HK2. A metabolic biomarker of its occurrence is the abnormally increased deposition of glycogen, which is produced by metabolic channeling when HK2 becomes detached from mitochondria. These conditions and metabolic consequences are found in the vasculature, kidneys, retina, peripheral nerves, and early-stage embryo development in diabetes and likely sustain the development of diabetic vascular complications and embryopathy. In insulin resistance, HK2-linked unscheduled glycolysis may also be established in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. This may explain the increased glucose disposal by skeletal uptake in the fasting phase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared to healthy controls, and the presence of insulin resistance in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, glyoxalase 1 inducer—trans-resveratrol and hesperetin in combination (tRES-HESP)—corrected HK2-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis and reversed insulin resistance and improved vascular inflammation in overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Further studies are now required to evaluate tRES-HESP for the prevention and reversal of early-stage type 2 diabetes and for the treatment of the vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Qatar University Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
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12
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AlKhatib HAM, ElBashir I, Yassine HM, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Antiviral activity of glucose-derived reactive metabolite, methylglyoxal against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2022. [DOI: 10.5339/jemtac.2022.qhc.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hebah A M AlKhatib
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Centre QU-NRC, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Israa ElBashir
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Centre QU-NRC, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Centre QU-NRC, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Alhujaily M, Abbas H, Xue M, de la Fuente A, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Studies of Glyoxalase 1-Linked Multidrug Resistance Reveal Glycolysis-Derived Reactive Metabolite, Methylglyoxal, Is a Common Contributor in Cancer Chemotherapy Targeting the Spliceosome. Front Oncol 2021; 11:748698. [PMID: 34790575 PMCID: PMC8591171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.748698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor glycolysis is a target for cancer chemotherapy. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolite formed mainly as a by-product in anaerobic glycolysis, metabolized by glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) of the glyoxalase system. We investigated the role of MG and Glo1 in cancer chemotherapy related in multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods Human Glo1 was overexpressed in HEK293 cells and the effect on anticancer drug potency, drug-induced increase in MG and mechanism of cytotoxicity characterized. Drug-induced increased MG and the mechanisms driving it were investigated and the proteomic response to MG-induced cytotoxicity explored by high mass resolution proteomics of cytoplasmic and other subcellular protein extracts. Glo1 expression data of 1,040 human tumor cell lines and 7,489 tumors were examined for functional correlates and impact of cancer patient survival. Results Overexpression of Glo1 decreased cytotoxicity of antitumor drugs, impairing antiproliferative activity of alkylating agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, antitubulins, and antimetabolites. Antitumor drugs increased MG to cytotoxic levels which contributed to the cytotoxic, antiproliferative mechanism of action, consistent with Glo1-mediated MDR. This was linked to off-target effects of drugs on glycolysis and was potentiated in hypoxia. MG activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, with decrease of mitochondrial and spliceosomal proteins. Spliceosomal proteins were targets of MG modification. Spliceosomal gene expression correlated positively with Glo1 in human tumor cell lines and tumors. In clinical chemotherapy of breast cancer, increased expression of Glo1 was associated with decreased patient survival, with hazard ratio (HR) = 1.82 (logrank p < 0.001, n = 683) where upper quartile survival of patients was decreased by 64% with high Glo1 expression. Conclusions We conclude that MG-mediated cytotoxicity contributes to the cancer chemotherapeutic response and targets the spliceosome. High expression of Glo1 contributes to multidrug resistance by shielding the spliceosome from MG modification and decreasing survival in the chemotherapy of breast cancer. Adjunct chemotherapy with Glo1 inhibitor may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Alhujaily
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hafsa Abbas
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Weickert MO, Thornalley PJ. Reversal of Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Subjects by trans-Resveratrol and Hesperetin Combination-Link to Dysglycemia, Blood Pressure, Dyslipidemia, and Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:2374. [PMID: 34371884 PMCID: PMC8308792 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary supplement, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP), induces expression of glyoxalase 1, countering the accumulation of reactive dicarbonyl glycating agent, methylglyoxal (MG), in overweight and obese subjects. tRES-HESP produced reversal of insulin resistance, improving dysglycemia and low-grade inflammation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Herein, we report further analysis of study variables. MG metabolism-related variables correlated with BMI, dysglycemia, vascular inflammation, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. With tRES-HESP treatment, plasma MG correlated negatively with endothelial independent arterial dilatation (r = -0.48, p < 0.05) and negatively with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) quinone reductase activity (r = -0.68, p < 0.05)-a marker of the activation status of transcription factor Nrf2. For change from baseline of PBMC gene expression with tRES-HESP treatment, Glo1 expression correlated negatively with change in the oral glucose tolerance test area-under-the-curve plasma glucose (ΔAUGg) (r = -0.56, p < 0.05) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) correlated positively with ΔAUGg (r = 0.59, p < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) correlated positively with change in fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and negatively with change in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.68, p < 0.01). These correlations were not present with placebo. tRES-HESP decreased low-grade inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of CCL2, COX-2, IL-8, and RAGE. Changes in CCL2, IL-8, and RAGE were intercorrelated and all correlated positively with changes in MLXIP, MAFF, MAFG, NCF1, and FTH1, and negatively with changes in HMOX1 and TKT; changes in IL-8 also correlated positively with change in COX-2. Total urinary excretion of tRES and HESP metabolites were strongly correlated. These findings suggest tRES-HESP counters MG accumulation and protein glycation, decreasing activation of the unfolded protein response and expression of TXNIP and TNFα, producing reversal of insulin resistance. tRES-HESP is suitable for further evaluation for treatment of insulin resistance and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Endocrinology & Metabolism, Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, University Hospitals of Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK;
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
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15
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Protein glycation - biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and early-stage decline in health in the era of precision medicine. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101920. [PMID: 33707127 PMCID: PMC8113047 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation provides a biomarker in widespread clinical use, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c (A1C). It is a biomarker for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes and of medium-term glycemic control in patients with established diabetes. A1C is an early-stage glycation adduct of hemoglobin with glucose; a fructosamine derivative. Glucose is an amino group-directed glycating agent, modifying N-terminal and lysine sidechain amino groups. A similar fructosamine derivative of serum albumin, glycated albumin (GA), finds use as a biomarker of glycemic control, particularly where there is interference in use of A1C. Later stage adducts, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), are formed by the degradation of fructosamines and by the reaction of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites, such as methylglyoxal. Dicarbonyls are arginine-directed glycating agents forming mainly hydroimidazolone AGEs. Glucosepane and pentosidine, an intense fluorophore, are AGE covalent crosslinks. Cellular proteolysis of glycated proteins forms glycated amino acids, which are released into plasma and excreted in urine. Development of diagnostic algorithms by artificial intelligence machine learning is enhancing the applications of glycation biomarkers. Investigational glycation biomarkers are in development for: (i) healthy aging; (ii) risk prediction of vascular complications of diabetes; (iii) diagnosis of autism; and (iv) diagnosis and classification of early-stage arthritis. Protein glycation biomarkers are influenced by heritability, aging, decline in metabolic, vascular, renal and skeletal health, and other factors. They are applicable to populations of differing ethnicities, bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype. They are thereby likely to find continued and expanding clinical use, including in the current era of developing precision medicine, reporting on multiple pathogenic processes and supporting a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Al-Motawa MS, Abbas H, Wijten P, de la Fuente A, Xue M, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Vulnerabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus to Proteotoxicity-Opportunity for Repurposed Chemotherapy of COVID-19 Infection. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585408. [PMID: 33162891 PMCID: PMC7581855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has produced an urgent requirement and search for improved treatments while effective vaccines are developed. A strategy for improved drug therapy is to increase levels of endogenous reactive metabolites for selective toxicity to SARS-CoV-2 by preferential damage to the viral proteome. Key reactive metabolites producing major quantitative damage to the proteome in physiological systems are: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reactive glycating agent methylglyoxal (MG); cysteine residues and arginine residues are their most susceptible targets, respectively. From sequenced-based prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, we found 0.8-fold enrichment or depletion of cysteine residues in functional domains of the viral proteome; whereas there was a 4.6-fold enrichment of arginine residues, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 is resistant to oxidative agents and sensitive to MG. For arginine residues of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus predicted to be in functional domains, we examined which are activated toward modification by MG - residues with predicted or expected low pKa by neighboring group in interactions. We found 25 such arginine residues, including 2 in the spike protein and 10 in the nucleoprotein. These sites were partially conserved in related coronaviridae: SARS-CoV and MERS. Finally, we identified drugs which increase cellular MG concentration to virucidal levels: antitumor drugs with historical antiviral activity, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Our findings provide evidence of potential vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 to inactivation by MG and a scientific rationale for repurposing of doxorubicin and paclitaxel for treatment of COVID-19 disease, providing efficacy and adequate therapeutic index may be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S. Al-Motawa
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hafsa Abbas
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wijten
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alberto de la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Ashour A, Xue M, Al-Motawa M, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Glycolytic overload-driven dysfunction of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in high glucose concentration, corrected by glyoxalase 1 inducer. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001458. [PMID: 33115819 PMCID: PMC7594206 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with diabetes have increased risk of periodontal disease, with increased risk of weakening of periodontal ligament and tooth loss. Periodontal ligament is produced and maintained by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). We hypothesized that metabolic dysfunction of PDLFs in hyperglycemia produces an accumulation of the reactive glycating agent, methylglyoxal (MG), leading to increased formation of the major advanced glycation endproduct, MG-H1 and PDLF dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess if there is dicarbonyl stress and functional impairment of human PDLFs in primary culture in high glucose concentration-a model of hyperglycemia, to characterize the metabolic drivers of it and explore remedial intervention by the glyoxalase 1 inducer dietary supplement, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Human PDLFs were incubated in low and high glucose concentration in vitro. Metabolic and enzymatic markers of MG and glucose control were quantified and related changes in the cytoplasmic proteome and cell function-binding to collagen-I, assessed. Reversal of PDLF dysfunction by tRES-HESP was explored. RESULTS In high glucose concentration cultures, there was a ca. twofold increase in cellular MG, cellular protein MG-H1 content and decreased attachment of PDLFs to collagen-I. This was driven by increased hexokinase-2 linked glucose metabolism and related increased MG formation. Proteomics analysis revealed increased abundance of chaperonins, heat shock proteins (HSPs), Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum transport and ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in misfolded protein degradation in high glucose concentration, consistent with activation of the unfolded protein response by increased misfolded MG-modified proteins. PDLF dysfunction was corrected by tRES-HESP. CONCLUSIONS Increased hexokinase-2 linked glucose metabolism produces dicarbonyl stress, increased MG-modified protein, activation of the unfolded protein response and functional impairment of PDLFs in high glucose concentration. tRES-HESP resolves this at source by correcting increased glucose metabolism and may be of benefit in prevention of diabetic periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ashour
- Speciality Clinics, University Dental Hospital, Taif Dental College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Motawa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Perkins BA, Rabbani N, Weston A, Adaikalakoteswari A, Lee JA, Lovblom LE, Cardinez N, Thornalley PJ. High fractional excretion of glycation adducts is associated with subsequent early decline in renal function in type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12709. [PMID: 32728119 PMCID: PMC7391737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased protein glycation, oxidation and nitration is linked to the development of diabetic nephropathy. We reported levels of serum protein glycation, oxidation and nitration and related hydrolysis products, glycation, oxidation and nitration free adducts in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) during onset of microalbuminuria (MA) from the First Joslin Kidney Study, a prospective case-control study of patients with T1DM with and without early decline in GFR. Herein we report urinary excretion of the latter analytes and related fractional excretion values, exploring the link to MA and early decline in GFR. We recruited patients with T1DM and normoalbuminuria (NA) (n = 30) or new onset MA with and without early GFR decline (n = 22 and 33, respectively) for this study. We determined urinary protein glycation, oxidation and nitration free adducts by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and deduced fractional excretion using reported plasma levels and urinary and plasma creatinine estimates. We found urinary excretion of pentosidine was increased ca. twofold in patients with MA, compared to normoalbuminuria (0.0442 vs 0.0103 nmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.0001), and increased ca. threefold in patients with early decline in GFR, compared to patients with stable GFR (0.0561 vs 0.0176 nmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.01). Urinary excretion of all other analytes was unchanged between the study groups. Remarkably, fractional excretions of 6 lysine and arginine-derived glycation free adducts were higher in patients with early decline in GFR, compared to those with stable GFR. Impaired tubular reuptake of glycation free adducts by lysine and arginine transporter proteins in patients with early GFR decline is likely involved. We conclude that higher fractional excretions of glycation adducts are potential biomarkers for early GFR decline in T1DM and MA. Measurement of these analytes could provide the basis for identifying patients at risk of early decline in renal function to target and intensify renoprotective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Perkins
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andrew Weston
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Justin A Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leif E Lovblom
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Cardinez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. .,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Rabbani N, Al-Motawa M, Thornalley PJ. Protein Glycation in Plants-An Under-Researched Field with Much Still to Discover. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113942. [PMID: 32486308 PMCID: PMC7312737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has identified glycation as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins in plants with a potential contributory role to the functional impairment of the plant proteome. Reducing sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone group such as glucose, fructose and galactose react with the N-terminal and lysine side chain amino groups of proteins. A common early-stage glycation adduct formed from glucose is Nε-fructosyl-lysine (FL). Saccharide-derived reactive dicarbonyls are arginine residue-directed glycating agents, forming advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). A dominant dicarbonyl is methylglyoxal—formed mainly by the trace-level degradation of triosephosphates, including through the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. Methylglyoxal forms the major quantitative AGE, hydroimidazolone MG-H1. Glucose and methylglyoxal concentrations in plants change with the developmental stage, senescence, light and dark cycles and also likely biotic and abiotic stresses. Proteomics analysis indicates that there is an enrichment of the amino acid residue targets of glycation, arginine and lysine residues, in predicted functional sites of the plant proteome, suggesting the susceptibility of proteins to functional inactivation by glycation. In this review, we give a brief introduction to glycation, glycating agents and glycation adducts in plants. We consider dicarbonyl stress, the functional vulnerability of the plant proteome to arginine-directed glycation and the likely role of methylglyoxal-mediated glycation in the activation of the unfolded protein response in plants. The latter is linked to the recent suggestion of protein glycation in sugar signaling in plant metabolism. The overexpression of glyoxalase 1, which suppresses glycation by methylglyoxal and glyoxal, produced plants resistant to high salinity, drought, extreme temperature and other stresses. Further research to decrease protein glycation in plants may lead to improved plant growth and assist the breeding of plant varieties resistant to environmental stress and senescence—including plants of commercial ornamental and crop cultivation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
| | - Maryam Al-Motawa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (P.J.T.); Tel.: +974-7479-5649 (N.R.); +974-7090-1635 (P.J.T.)
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20
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Rowan S, Jiang S, Chang ML, Volkin J, Cassalman C, Smith KM, Streeter MD, Spiegel DA, Moreira-Neto C, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Smith DE, Waheed NK, Taylor A. A low glycemic diet protects disease-prone Nrf2-deficient mice against age-related macular degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:75-86. [PMID: 32068111 PMCID: PMC7747150 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major blinding disease, affecting over 14% of the elderly. Risk for AMD is related to age, diet, environment, and genetics. Dietary modulation of AMD risk is a promising treatment modality, but requires appropriate animal models to demonstrate advantages of diet. Mice lacking the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) develop age-related retinopathy relevant to human AMD. Here we evaluated the effect of consuming high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) diets until 18-months of age on development of features relevant to AMD in Nrf2-null mice. Nrf2-null mice that consumed HG diets developed atrophic AMD, characterized by photoreceptor degeneration, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy and pigmentary abnormalities, basal laminar deposits, and loss of the choriocapillaris. In contrast, Nrf2-null-mice that consumed LG diets did not develop retinal disease phenotypes. Consumption of HG diets was associated with accumulation of advanced glycation end-products in the RPE and systemically, whereas consumption of the LG diet was associated with increased levels of anti-glycative and anti-oxidative detoxification machinery. Together our data indicate that the Nrf2-null HG mouse is a good model for atrophic AMD studies and that the LG diet can activate protective pathways to prevent AMD, even in a genetically predisposed animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Shuhong Jiang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010017, China
| | - Min-Lee Chang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jonathan Volkin
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Christa Cassalman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kelsey M Smith
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - David A Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Moreira-Neto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK; Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald E Smith
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Nadia K Waheed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Protein glycation adducts, early glycation adducts, such as N∊-fructosyl-lysine, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are uremic toxins. Glycation adducts are found in plasma and tissue proteins (glycation adduct residues), in peptides (glycation adduct peptide residues), and glycated amino acids (glycation free adducts). The latter two analyte groups arise from proteolysis of glycated proteins and glycation of peptides and amino acids. Quantitation of glycation adducts in uremia is difficult because of the presence of many different AGEs at low concentrations in different forms in the presence of many potential interferences. Application of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) detection to plasma, urine, and dialysate samples of uremic patients has provided a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of glycation adducts in uremia. Glycation free adducts accumulate markedly in the plasma of uremic patients and are eliminated in the peritoneal dialysate. Multiple glycation adducts, and also protein oxidation and nitration adducts, may be quantified concurrently. Glycation free adducts are the major form of glycation adduct eliminated in dialysate. LC-MS/MS may now be used to quantify concentrations, extents of protein modification, clearances, and excretion rates of glycation adducts in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Thornalley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Hexokinase-2 Glycolytic Overload in Diabetes and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:419-431. [PMID: 31221272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase-2 (HK2) was recently found to produce increased metabolic flux through glycolysis in hyperglycemia without concurrent transcriptional or other functional regulation. Rather, stabilization to proteolysis by increased glucose substrate binding produced unscheduled increased glucose metabolism in response to high cytosolic glucose concentration. This produces abnormal increases in glycolytic intermediates or glycolytic overload, driving cell dysfunction and vulnerability to the damaging effects of hyperglycemia in diabetes, explaining tissue-specific pathogenesis. Glycolytic overload is also activated in ischemia-reperfusion injury and cell senescence. A further key feature is HK2 displacement from mitochondria by increased glucose-6-phosphate concentration, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. This pathogenic mechanism suggested new targets for therapeutics development that gave promising outcomes in initial clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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23
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Abstract
Significance: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing globally. There is also increasing associated complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vascular complications of diabetes. There is currently no licensed treatment for NAFLD and no recent treatments for diabetic complications. New approaches are required, particularly those addressing mechanism-based risk factors for health decline and disease progression. Recent Advances: Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites such as methylglyoxal (MG) leading to cell and tissue dysfunction. It is a potential driver of obesity, diabetes, and related complications that are unaddressed by current treatments. Increased formation of MG is linked to increased glyceroneogenesis and hyperglycemia in obesity and diabetes and also down-regulation of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1)-which provides the main enzymatic detoxification of MG. Glo1 functional genomics studies suggest that increasing Glo1 expression and activity alleviates dicarbonyl stress; slows development of obesity, related insulin resistance; and prevents development of diabetic nephropathy and other microvascular complications of diabetes. A new therapeutic approach constitutes small-molecule inducers of Glo1 expression-Glo1 inducers-exploiting a regulatory antioxidant response element in the GLO1 gene. A prototype Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol (tRES)-hesperetin (HESP) combination, in corrected insulin resistance, improved glycemic control and vascular inflammation in healthy overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Critical Issues: tRES and HESP synergize pharmacologically, and HESP likely overcomes the low bioavailability of tRES by inhibition of intestinal glucuronosyltransferases. Future Directions: Glo1 inducers may now be evaluated in Phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of NAFLD and vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
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24
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Spanos C, Maldonado EM, Fisher CP, Leenutaphong P, Oviedo-Orta E, Windridge D, Salguero FJ, Bermúdez-Fajardo A, Weeks ME, Evans C, Corfe BM, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Miller MH, Wang H, Dillon JF, Quaglia A, Dhawan A, Fitzpatrick E, Moore JB. Correction to: Proteomic identification and characterization of hepatic glyoxalase 1 dysregulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:13. [PMID: 29983642 PMCID: PMC6019799 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Spanos
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Elaina M Maldonado
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ciarán P Fisher
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Petchpailin Leenutaphong
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ernesto Oviedo-Orta
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - David Windridge
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Alexandra Bermúdez-Fajardo
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Mark E Weeks
- 2Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - Caroline Evans
- 3Biological and Systems Engineering Group, ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- 4Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Michael H Miller
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Huan Wang
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Emer Fitzpatrick
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK.,8School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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25
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Legrand C, Ahmed U, Anwar A, Rajpoot K, Pasha S, Lambert C, Davidson RK, Clark IM, Thornalley PJ, Henrotin Y, Rabbani N. Glycation marker glucosepane increases with the progression of osteoarthritis and correlates with morphological and functional changes of cartilage in vivo. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:131. [PMID: 29929535 PMCID: PMC6013878 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes of serum concentrations of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids and hydroxyproline and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status combined by machine learning techniques in algorithms have recently been found to provide improved diagnosis and typing of early-stage arthritis of the knee, including osteoarthritis (OA), in patients. The association of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids released from the joint with development and progression of knee OA is unknown. We studied this in an OA animal model as well as interleukin-1β-activated human chondrocytes in vitro and translated key findings to patients with OA. Methods Sixty male 3-week-old Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were studied. Separate groups of 12 animals were killed at age 4, 12, 20, 28 and 36 weeks, and histological severity of knee OA was evaluated, and cartilage rheological properties were assessed. Human chondrocytes cultured in multilayers were treated for 10 days with interleukin-1β. Human patients with early and advanced OA and healthy controls were recruited, blood samples were collected, and serum or plasma was prepared. Serum, plasma, and culture medium were analyzed for glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids. Results Severity of OA increased progressively in guinea pigs with age. Glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids were increased markedly at week 36, with glucosepane and dityrosine increasing progressively from weeks 20 and 28, respectively. Glucosepane correlated positively with OA histological severity (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001) and instantaneous modulus (r = 0.52–0.56; p < 0.0001), oxidation free adducts correlated positively with OA severity (p < 0.0009–0.0062), and hydroxyproline correlated positively with cartilage thickness (p < 0.0003–0.003). Interleukin-1β increased the release of glycated and nitrated amino acids from chondrocytes in vitro. In clinical translation, plasma glucosepane was increased 38% in early-stage OA (p < 0.05) and sixfold in patients with advanced OA (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Conclusions These studies further advance the prospective role of glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids as serum biomarkers in diagnostic algorithms for early-stage detection of OA and other arthritic disease. Plasma glucosepane, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, may improve early-stage diagnosis and progression of clinical OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1636-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Legrand
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Usman Ahmed
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sabah Pasha
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Cécile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rose K Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Institute of Pathology, Level 5, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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Chiu CJ, Rabbani N, Rowan S, Chang ML, Sawyer S, Hu FB, Willett W, Thornalley PJ, Anwar A, Bar L, Kang JH, Taylor A. Studies of advanced glycation end products and oxidation biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Biofactors 2018; 44:281-288. [PMID: 29718545 PMCID: PMC8527553 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed upon nonenzymatic reactions of sugars or their metabolites with proteins and other cellular constituents. Many AGEs are long lived. Recent findings suggest that AGEs may predict diabetes and its complications and thus may warrant further study. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of our experimental procedures for measuring AGEs in stored blood sample and to conduct a pilot study for developing AGE biomarkers for diabetes and/or age-related changes of glucose metabolism. We conducted a reliability study of the samples and methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS assays for 10 AGEs (including methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1), glucosepane (GSP) and two oxidation measures, in stored repository blood samples from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We also analyzed data relating blood GSP levels to type 2 diabetes status in a case-control study (25 cases and 15 controls). Among the AGEs, GSP, and MG-H1 showed the highest reliability across the various measures: reliability in duplicate samples and stability with delayed processing and storage over 1-2 year period. Furthermore, plasma GSP was associated with older age (P = 0.04) and type 2 diabetes status (age-adjusted P = 0.0475). Our findings suggest that analysis of these AGEs may be developed as biomarkers for diabetes and/or age-related changes of glucose metabolism. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):281-288, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jung Chiu
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Addresses for correspondence: Chung-Jung Chiu, DDS PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3157, FAX: 617-556-3132; . and Allen Taylor, PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3156, FAX: 617-556-3132;
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Proteomics Research Technology Plateform, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, UK
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min-Lee Chang
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherilyn Sawyer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
- Zeeman Institute of Systems Biology, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jae H. Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Addresses for correspondence: Chung-Jung Chiu, DDS PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3157, FAX: 617-556-3132; . and Allen Taylor, PhD, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. TEL.: 617-556-3156, FAX: 617-556-3132;
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27
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Anwar A, Abruzzo PM, Pasha S, Rajpoot K, Bolotta A, Ghezzo A, Marini M, Posar A, Visconti P, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Advanced glycation endproducts, dityrosine and arginine transporter dysfunction in autism - a source of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Mol Autism 2018; 9:3. [PMID: 29479405 PMCID: PMC5817812 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical chemistry tests for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are currently unavailable. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic utility of proteotoxic biomarkers in plasma and urine, plasma protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration adducts, and related glycated, oxidized, and nitrated amino acids (free adducts), for the clinical diagnosis of ASD. Methods Thirty-eight children with ASD (29 male, 9 female; age 7.6 ± 2.0 years) and 31 age-matched healthy controls (23 males, 8 females; 8.6 ± 2.0 years) were recruited for this study. Plasma protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration adducts and amino acid metabolome in plasma and urine were determined by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Machine learning methods were then employed to explore and optimize combinations of analyte data for ASD diagnosis. Results We found that children with ASD had increased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and Nω-carboxymethylarginine (CMA), and increased oxidation damage marker, dityrosine (DT), in plasma protein, with respect to healthy controls. We also found that children with ASD had increased CMA free adduct in plasma ultrafiltrate and increased urinary excretion of oxidation free adducts, alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde and glutamic semialdehyde. From study of renal handling of amino acids, we found that children with ASD had decreased renal clearance of arginine and CMA with respect to healthy controls. Algorithms to discriminate between ASD and healthy controls gave strong diagnostic performance with features: plasma protein AGEs—CML, CMA—and 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone, and oxidative damage marker, DT. The sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic area-under-the-curve were 92%, 84%, and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions Changes in plasma AGEs were likely indicative of dysfunctional metabolism of dicarbonyl metabolite precursors of AGEs, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone. DT is formed enzymatically by dual oxidase (DUOX); selective increase of DT as an oxidative damage marker implicates increased DUOX activity in ASD possibly linked to impaired gut mucosal immunity. Decreased renal clearance of arginine and CMA in ASD is indicative of increased arginine transporter activity which may be a surrogate marker of disturbance of neuronal availability of amino acids. Data driven combination of these biomarkers perturbed by proteotoxic stress, plasma protein AGEs and DT, gave diagnostic algorithms of high sensitivity and specificity for ASD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-017-0183-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia Anwar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- 2Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,4Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente", Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabah Pasha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- 3Department of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alessandra Bolotta
- 2Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,4Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente", Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- 2Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- 2Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,4Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente", Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Annio Posar
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Via Altura, 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy.,6Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Visconti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Via Altura, 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK.,7Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK.,7Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK.,8Research Technology Platform-Proteomics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Spanos C, Maldonado EM, Fisher CP, Leenutaphong P, Oviedo-Orta E, Windridge D, Salguero FJ, Bermúdez-Fajardo A, Weeks ME, Evans C, Corfe BM, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Miller MH, Wang H, Dillon JF, Quaglia A, Dhawan A, Fitzpatrick E, Moore JB. Proteomic identification and characterization of hepatic glyoxalase 1 dysregulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:4. [PMID: 29456458 PMCID: PMC5813374 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-018-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. However, its molecular pathogenesis is incompletely characterized and clinical biomarkers remain scarce. The aims of these experiments were to identify and characterize liver protein alterations in an animal model of early, diet-related, liver injury and to assess novel candidate biomarkers in NAFLD patients. Methods Liver membrane and cytosolic protein fractions from high fat fed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) animals were analyzed by quantitative proteomics, utilizing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Differential protein expression was confirmed independently by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in both murine tissue and biopsies from paediatric NAFLD patients. Candidate biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum from adult NAFLD patients. Results Through proteomic profiling, we identified decreased expression of hepatic glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) in a murine model. GLO1 protein expression was also found altered in tissue biopsies from paediatric NAFLD patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that, in response to lipid loading in hepatocytes, GLO1 is first hyperacetylated then ubiquitinated and degraded, leading to an increase in reactive methylglyoxal. In a cohort of 59 biopsy-confirmed adult NAFLD patients, increased serum levels of the primary methylglyoxal-derived advanced glycation endproduct, hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) were significantly correlated with body mass index (r = 0.520, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Collectively these results demonstrate the dysregulation of GLO1 in NAFLD and implicate the acetylation-ubquitination degradation pathway as the functional mechanism. Further investigation of the role of GLO1 in the molecular pathogenesis of NAFLD is warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-018-0131-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Spanos
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Elaina M Maldonado
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ciarán P Fisher
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Petchpailin Leenutaphong
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ernesto Oviedo-Orta
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - David Windridge
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Francisco J Salguero
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Alexandra Bermúdez-Fajardo
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Mark E Weeks
- 2Institute of Child Health, University College London, WC1N 1EH, London, UK
| | - Caroline Evans
- 3Biological and Systems Engineering Group, ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- 4Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Oncology and Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, S10 2RX, Sheffield, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX UK
| | - Michael H Miller
- 6Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Huan Wang
- 6Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - John F Dillon
- 6Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Anil Dhawan
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Emer Fitzpatrick
- 7Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King's College London School of Medicine, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - J Bernadette Moore
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK.,8School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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Xue M, Shafie A, Qaiser T, Rajpoot NM, Kaltsas G, James S, Gopalakrishnan K, Fisk A, Dimitriadis GK, Grammatopoulos DK, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Weickert MO. Glyoxalase 1 copy number variation in patients with well differentiated gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET). Oncotarget 2017; 8:76961-76973. [PMID: 29100361 PMCID: PMC5652755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The glyoxalase-1 gene (GLO1) is a hotspot for copy-number variation (CNV) in human genomes. Increased GLO1 copy-number is associated with multidrug resistance in tumour chemotherapy, but prevalence of GLO1 CNV in gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET) is unknown. Methods GLO1 copy-number variation was measured in 39 patients with GEP-NET (midgut NET, n = 25; pancreatic NET, n = 14) after curative or debulking surgical treatment. Primary tumour tissue, surrounding healthy tissue and, where applicable, additional metastatic tumour tissue were analysed, using real time qPCR. Progression and survival following surgical treatment were monitored over 4.2 ± 0.5 years. Results In the pooled GEP-NET cohort, GLO1 copy-number in healthy tissue was 2.0 in all samples but significantly increased in primary tumour tissue in 43% of patients with pancreatic NET and in 72% of patients with midgut NET, mainly driven by significantly higher GLO1 copy-number in midgut NET. In tissue from additional metastases resection (18 midgut NET and one pancreatic NET), GLO1 copy number was also increased, compared with healthy tissue; but was not significantly different compared with primary tumour tissue. During mean 3 - 5 years follow-up, 8 patients died and 16 patients showed radiological progression. In midgut NET, a high GLO1 copy-number was associated with earlier progression. In NETs with increased GLO1 copy number, there was increased Glo1 protein expression compared to non-malignant tissue. Conclusions GLO1 copy-number was increased in a large percentage of patients with GEP-NET and correlated positively with increased Glo1 protein in tumour tissue. Analysis of GLO1 copy-number variation particularly in patients with midgut NET could be a novel prognostic marker for tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Qaiser
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Nasir M Rajpoot
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K
| | - Sean James
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K
| | - Kishore Gopalakrishnan
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K
| | - Adrian Fisk
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K
| | - Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K.,Coventry University, Centre for Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Coventry, U.K
| | - Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Division of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.,University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS CoE, Coventry, U.K.,Coventry University, Centre for Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Coventry, U.K
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Weickert MO, Thornalley PJ. Multiple roles of glyoxalase 1-mediated suppression of methylglyoxal glycation in cancer biology-Involvement in tumour suppression, tumour growth, multidrug resistance and target for chemotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 49:83-93. [PMID: 28506645 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) is part of the glyoxalase system in the cytoplasm of all human cells. It catalyses the glutathione-dependent removal of the endogenous reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG). MG is formed mainly as a side product of anaerobic glycolysis. It modifies protein and DNA to form mainly hydroimidazolone MG-H1 and imidazopurinone MGdG adducts, respectively. Abnormal accumulation of MG, dicarbonyl stress, increases adduct levels which may induce apoptosis and replication catastrophe. In the non-malignant state, Glo1 is a tumour suppressor protein and small molecule inducers of Glo1 expression may find use in cancer prevention. Increased Glo1 expression is permissive for growth of tumours with high glycolytic activity and is thereby a biomarker of tumour growth. High Glo1 expression is a cause of multi-drug resistance. It is produced by over-activation of the Nrf2 pathway and GLO1 amplification. Glo1 inhibitors are antitumour agents, inducing apoptosis and necrosis, and anoikis. Tumour stem cells and tumours with high flux of MG formation and Glo1 expression are sensitive to Glo1 inhibitor therapy. It is likely that MG-induced cell death contributes to the mechanism of action of current antitumour agents. Common refractory tumours have high prevalence of Glo1 overexpression for which Glo1 inhibitors may improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; The ARDEN NET Centre, ENETS Centre of Excellence, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospitals, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ahmed U, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. 285. PROTEIN OXIDATION, NITRATION AND GLYCATION FREE ADDUCTS: BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY-STAGE DIAGNOSIS AND TYPING OF ARTHRITIS. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex062.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Thornalley PJ, Ahmed U, Rabbani N. 192. INCREASED PROTEIN GLYCATION, OXIDATION AND NITRATION WITH INCREASING SEVERITY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ASSESSED BY ROBUST STABLE ISOTOPIC DILUTION ANALYSIS QUANTITATION. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex062.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Anwar A, Marini M, Abruzzo PM, Bolotta A, Ghezzo A, Visconti P, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Quantitation of plasma thiamine, related metabolites and plasma protein oxidative damage markers in children with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S85-S90. [PMID: 27667096 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1239821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS To assess thiamine and related metabolite status by analysis of plasma and urine in autistic children and healthy controls, correlations to clinical characteristics and link to plasma protein markers of oxidative damage. METHODS 27 children with autism (21 males and 6 females) and 21 (15 males and 6 females) age-matched healthy control children were recruited. The concentration of thiamine and related phosphorylated metabolites in plasma and urine and plasma protein content of dityrosine, N-formylkynurenine and 3-nitrotyrosine was determined. RESULTS Plasma thiamine and thiamine monophosphate concentrations were similar in both study groups (median [lower-upper quartile]): autistic children - 6.60 nM (4.48-8.91) and 7.00 nM (5.51-8.55), and healthy controls - 6.82 nM (4.47-7.02) and 6.82 nM (5.84-8.91), respectively. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was decreased 24% in autistic children compared to healthy controls: 6.82 nM (5.81-8.52) versus 9.00 nM (8.41-10.71), p < .01. Urinary excretion of thiamine and fractional renal clearance of thiamine did not change between the groups. No correlation was observed between clinical markers and the plasma and urine thiamine concentration. Plasma protein dityrosine content was increased 88% in ASD. Other oxidative markers were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Autistic children had normal plasma and urinary thiamine levels whereas plasma TPP concentration was decreased. The latter may be linked to abnormal tissue handling and/or absorption from gut microbiota of TPP which warrants further investigation. Increased plasma protein dityrosine may reflect increased dual oxidase activity in response to change in mucosal immunity and host-microbe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attia Anwar
- a Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories , University of Warwick, University Hospital Coventry , Coventry , UK
| | - Marina Marini
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,c Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente" , Milan , Italy
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,c Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente" , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandra Bolotta
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,c Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS "S. Maria Nascente" , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghezzo
- b Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paola Visconti
- d Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit , IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- a Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories , University of Warwick, University Hospital Coventry , Coventry , UK.,e Warwick Systems Biology, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories , University of Warwick, University Hospital Coventry , Coventry , UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- e Warwick Systems Biology, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories , University of Warwick, University Hospital Coventry , Coventry , UK
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Ahmed U, Anwar A, Savage RS, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Protein oxidation, nitration and glycation biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the knee and typing and progression of arthritic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:250. [PMID: 27788684 PMCID: PMC5081671 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is currently no blood-based test for detection of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA) and the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody test for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has relatively low sensitivity for early-stage disease. Morbidity in arthritis could be markedly decreased if early-stage arthritis could be routinely detected and classified by clinical chemistry test. We hypothesised that damage to proteins of the joint by oxidation, nitration and glycation, and with signatures released in plasma as oxidized, nitrated and glycated amino acids may facilitate early-stage diagnosis and typing of arthritis. Methods Patients with knee joint early-stage and advanced OA and RA or other inflammatory joint disease (non-RA) and healthy subjects with good skeletal health were recruited for the study (n = 225). Plasma/serum and synovial fluid was analysed for oxidized, nitrated and glycated proteins and amino acids by quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data-driven machine learning methods were employed to explore diagnostic utility of the measurements for detection and classifying early-stage OA and RA, non-RA and good skeletal health with training set and independent test set cohorts. Results Glycated, oxidized and nitrated proteins and amino acids were detected in synovial fluid and plasma of arthritic patients with characteristic patterns found in early and advanced OA and RA, and non-RA, with respect to healthy controls. In early-stage disease, two algorithms for consecutive use in diagnosis were developed: (1) disease versus healthy control, and (2) classification as OA, RA and non-RA. The algorithms featured 10 damaged amino acids in plasma, hydroxyproline and anti-CCP antibody status. Sensitivities/specificities were: (1) good skeletal health, 0.92/0.91; (2) early-stage OA, 0.92/0.90; early-stage RA, 0.80/0.78; and non-RA, 0.70/0.65 (training set). These were confirmed in independent test set validation. Damaged amino acids increased further in severe and advanced OA and RA. Conclusions Oxidized, nitrated and glycated amino acids combined with hydroxyproline and anti-CCP antibody status provided a plasma-based biochemical test of relatively high sensitivity and specificity for early-stage diagnosis and typing of arthritic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1154-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ahmed
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Attia Anwar
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Richard S Savage
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK. .,Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Rabbani N, Xue M, Thornalley PJ. Dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in disease mechanisms and clinical therapeutics. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:513-25. [PMID: 27406712 PMCID: PMC4975768 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reactive dicarbonyl metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) is the precursor of the major quantitative advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) in physiological systems - arginine-derived hydroimidazolones and deoxyguanosine-derived imidazopurinones. The glyoxalase system in the cytoplasm of cells provides the primary defence against dicarbonyl glycation by catalysing the metabolism of MG and related reactive dicarbonyls. Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of dicarbonyl metabolites leading to increased protein and DNA modification contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction in ageing and disease. It is produced endogenously by increased formation and/or decreased metabolism of dicarbonyl metabolites. Dicarbonyl stress contributes to ageing, disease and activity of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. It contributes to ageing through age-related decline in glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) activity. Glo-1 has a dual role in cancer as a tumour suppressor protein prior to tumour development and mediator of multi-drug resistance in cancer treatment, implicating dicarbonyl glycation of DNA in carcinogenesis and dicarbonyl-driven cytotoxicity in mechanism of action of anticancer drugs. Glo-1 is a driver of cardiovascular disease, likely through dicarbonyl stress-driven dyslipidemia and vascular cell dysfunction. Dicarbonyl stress is also a contributing mediator of obesity and vascular complications of diabetes. There are also emerging roles in neurological disorders. Glo-1 responds to dicarbonyl stress to enhance cytoprotection at the transcriptional level through stress-responsive increase of Glo-1 expression. Small molecule Glo-1 inducers are in clinical development for improved metabolic, vascular and renal health and Glo-1 inhibitors in preclinical development for multidrug resistant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mingzhan Xue
- Glyoxalase Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Coventry House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Glyoxalase Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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Rabbani N, Ashour A, Thornalley PJ. Mass spectrometric determination of early and advanced glycation in biology. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:553-68. [PMID: 27438287 PMCID: PMC4975772 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycation in biological systems occurs predominantly on lysine, arginine and N-terminal residues of proteins. Major quantitative glycation adducts are found at mean extents of modification of 1-5 mol percent of proteins. These are glucose-derived fructosamine on lysine and N-terminal residues of proteins, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone on arginine residues and N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine residues mainly formed by the oxidative degradation of fructosamine. Total glycation adducts of different types are quantified by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Metabolism of glycated proteins is followed by LC-MS/MS of glycation free adducts as minor components of the amino acid metabolome. Glycated proteins and sites of modification within them - amino acid residues modified by the glycating agent moiety - are identified and quantified by label-free and stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) high resolution mass spectrometry. Sites of glycation by glucose and methylglyoxal in selected proteins are listed. Key issues in applying proteomics techniques to analysis of glycated proteins are: (i) avoiding compromise of analysis by formation, loss and relocation of glycation adducts in pre-analytic processing; (ii) specificity of immunoaffinity enrichment procedures, (iii) maximizing protein sequence coverage in mass spectrometric analysis for detection of glycation sites, and (iv) development of bioinformatics tools for prediction of protein glycation sites. Protein glycation studies have important applications in biology, ageing and translational medicine - particularly on studies of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, neurological disorders and cancer. Mass spectrometric analysis of glycated proteins has yet to find widespread use clinically. Future use in health screening, disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, and drug and functional food development is expected. A protocol for high resolution mass spectrometry proteomics of glycated proteins is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Amal Ashour
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
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Xue M, Weickert MO, Qureshi S, Kandala NB, Anwar A, Waldron M, Shafie A, Messenger D, Fowler M, Jenkins G, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Improved Glycemic Control and Vascular Function in Overweight and Obese Subjects by Glyoxalase 1 Inducer Formulation. Diabetes 2016; 65:2282-94. [PMID: 27207552 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk of insulin resistance, impaired glycemic control, and cardiovascular disease is excessive in overweight and obese populations. We hypothesized that increasing expression of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1)-an enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of reactive metabolite and glycating agent methylglyoxal-may improve metabolic and vascular health. Dietary bioactive compounds were screened for Glo1 inducer activity in a functional reporter assay, hits were confirmed in cell culture, and an optimized Glo1 inducer formulation was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in 29 overweight and obese subjects. We found trans-resveratrol (tRES) and hesperetin (HESP), at concentrations achieved clinically, synergized to increase Glo1 expression. In highly overweight subjects (BMI >27.5 kg/m(2)), tRES-HESP coformulation increased expression and activity of Glo1 (27%, P < 0.05) and decreased plasma methylglyoxal (-37%, P < 0.05) and total body methylglyoxal-protein glycation (-14%, P < 0.01). It decreased fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (-5%, P < 0.01, and -8%, P < 0.03, respectively), increased oral glucose insulin sensitivity index (42 mL ⋅ min(-1) ⋅ m(-2), P < 0.02), and improved arterial dilatation Δbrachial artery flow-mediated dilatation/Δdilation response to glyceryl nitrate (95% CI 0.13-2.11). In all subjects, it decreased vascular inflammation marker soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (-10%, P < 0.01). In previous clinical evaluations, tRES and HESP individually were ineffective. tRES-HESP coformulation could be a suitable treatment for improved metabolic and vascular health in overweight and obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Martin O Weickert
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, U.K
| | - Sheharyar Qureshi
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service Trust, Coventry, U.K
| | - Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Attia Anwar
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Molly Waldron
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Mark Fowler
- Unilever Research & Development Colworth, Bedford, U.K
| | - Gail Jenkins
- Unilever Research & Development Colworth, Bedford, U.K
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K. Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.
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Ahmed U, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. New development in a blood-based diagnostic test for early-stage arthritis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:943-5. [PMID: 26439368 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ahmed
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.,Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Xue M, Momiji H, Rabbani N, Barker G, Bretschneider T, Shmygol A, Rand DA, Thornalley PJ. Frequency Modulated Translocational Oscillations of Nrf2 Mediate the Antioxidant Response Element Cytoprotective Transcriptional Response. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:613-29. [PMID: 25178584 PMCID: PMC4556091 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Stress responsive signaling coordinated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) provides an adaptive response for protection of cells against toxic insults, oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Nrf2 regulates a battery of protective genes by binding to regulatory antioxidant response elements (AREs). The aim of this study was to examine how Nrf2 signals cell stress status and regulates transcription to maintain homeostasis. RESULTS In live cell microscopy we observed that Nrf2 undergoes autonomous translocational frequency-modulated oscillations between cytoplasm and nucleus. Oscillations occurred in quiescence and when cells were stimulated at physiological levels of activators, they decrease in period and amplitude and then evoke a cytoprotective transcriptional response. We propose a mechanism whereby oscillations are produced by negative feedback involving successive de-phosphorylation and phosphorylation steps. Nrf2 was inactivated in the nucleus and reactivated on return to the cytoplasm. Increased frequency of Nrf2 on return to the cytoplasm with increased reactivation or refresh-rate under stress conditions activated the transcriptional response mediating cytoprotective effects. The serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PGAM5, member of the Nrf2 interactome, was a key regulatory component. INNOVATION We found that Nrf2 is activated in cells without change in total cellular Nrf2 protein concentration. Regulation of ARE-linked protective gene transcription occurs rather through translocational oscillations of Nrf2. We discovered cytoplasmic refresh rate of Nrf2 is important in maintaining and regulating the transcriptional response and links stress challenge to increased cytoplasmic surveillance. We found silencing and inhibition of PGAM5 provides potent activation of Nrf2. CONCLUSION Frequency modulated translocational oscillations of Nrf2 mediate the ARE-linked cytoprotective transcriptional response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Xue
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Momiji
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Barker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Till Bretschneider
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anatoly Shmygol
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Rand
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University Hospital, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Klooster A, Larkin JR, Adaikalakoteswari A, Gans ROB, van Goor H, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N, Navis G, Leuvenink HGD, Bakker SJL. Severe thiamine deficiency complicated by weight loss protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. NDT Plus 2015; 2:182-3. [PMID: 25949326 PMCID: PMC4421349 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Larkin
- Protein Damage and Systems Biology Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Medical School , Coventry , UK
| | - Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari
- Protein Damage and Systems Biology Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Medical School , Coventry , UK
| | - Rijk O B Gans
- Department of Medicine University Medical Center of Groningen and University of Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Protein Damage and Systems Biology Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Medical School , Coventry , UK
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Protein Damage and Systems Biology Research Group, Clinical Sciences Research Institute University of Warwick Medical School , Coventry , UK
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Medicine University Medical Center of Groningen and University of Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory , University Medical Center of Groningen and University of Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Medicine University Medical Center of Groningen and University of Groningen , The Netherlands
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Thornalley PJ, Westwood M, Lo TW, McLellan AC. Formation of methylglyoxal-modified proteins in vitro and in vivo and their involvement in AGE-related processes. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 112:24-31. [PMID: 7554990 DOI: 10.1159/000424089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Thornalley
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Dicarbonyl stress in cell and tissue dysfunction contributing to ageing and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:221-6. [PMID: 25666945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of dicarbonyl metabolites leading to increased protein and DNA modification contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction in ageing and disease. Enzymes metabolising dicarbonyls, glyoxalase 1 and aldoketo reductases, provide an efficient and stress-response enzyme defence against dicarbonyl stress. Dicarbonyl stress is produced by increased formation and/or decreased metabolism of dicarbonyl metabolites, and by exposure to exogenous dicarbonyls. It contributes to ageing, disease and activity of cytototoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
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Waris S, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Roob JM, Fuchs S, Sourij H, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Increased DNA dicarbonyl glycation and oxidation markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and link to diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:915486. [PMID: 25950009 PMCID: PMC4408631 DOI: 10.1155/2015/915486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the changes of markers of DNA damage by glycation and oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes and the association with diabetic nephropathy. METHODOLOGY DNA oxidation and glycation adducts were analysed in plasma and urine by stable isotopic dilution analysis liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DNA markers analysed were as follows: the oxidation adduct 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OxodG) and glycation adducts of glyoxal and methylglyoxal--imidazopurinones GdG, MGdG, and N2-(1,R/S-carboxyethyl)deoxyguanosine (CEdG). RESULTS Plasma 8-OxodG and GdG were increased 2-fold and 6-fold, respectively, in patients with type 2 diabetes, with respect to healthy volunteers. Median urinary excretion rates of 8-OxodG, GdG, MGdG, and CEdG were increased 28-fold, 10-fold, 2-fold, and 2-fold, respectively, in patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to healthy controls. In patients with type 2 diabetes, nephropathy was associated with increased plasma 8-OxodG and increased urinary GdG and CEdG. In a multiple logistic regression model for diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy was linked to systolic blood pressure and urinary CEdG. CONCLUSION DNA oxidative and glycation damage-derived nucleoside adducts are increased in plasma and urine of patients with type 2 diabetes and further increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Waris
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Brigitte M. Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes M. Roob
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franzens University, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Naila Rabbani:
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Hidden complexities in the measurement of fructosyl-lysine and advanced glycation end products for risk prediction of vascular complications of diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:9-11. [PMID: 25538281 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K.
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Godfrey L, Yamada-Fowler N, Smith J, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Arginine-directed glycation and decreased HDL plasma concentration and functionality. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e134. [PMID: 25177914 PMCID: PMC4183972 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Decreased plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Decreased anti-atherogenic properties of HDL are also implicated in increased CVD risk. The cause is unknown but has been linked to impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to quantify the modification of HDL by methylglyoxal and related dicarbonyls in healthy people and patients with type 2 diabetes characterise structural, functional and physiological consequences of the modification and predict the importance in high CVD risk groups. SUBJECTS/METHODS Major fractions of HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated from healthy human subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes and fractions modified by methylglyoxal and related dicarbonyl metabolites quantified. HDL2 and HDL3 were glycated by methylglyoxal to minimum extent in vitro and molecular, functional and physiological characteristics were determined. A one-compartment model of HDL plasma clearance was produced including formation and clearance of dicarbonyl-modified HDL. RESULTS HDL modified by methylglyoxal and related dicarbonyl metabolites accounted for 2.6% HDL and increased to 4.5% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). HDL2 and HDL3 were modified by methylglyoxal to similar extents in vitro. Methylglyoxal modification induced re-structuring of the HDL particles, decreasing stability and plasma half-life in vivo. It occurred at sites of apolipoprotein A-1 in HDL linked to membrane fusion, intramolecular bonding and ligand binding. Kinetic modelling of methylglyoxal modification of HDL predicted a negative correlation of plasma HDL-C with methylglyoxal-modified HDL. This was validated clinically. It also predicted that dicarbonyl modification produces 2-6% decrease in total plasma HDL and 5-13% decrease in functional HDL clinically. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that methylglyoxal modification of HDL accelerates its degradation and impairs its functionality in vivo, likely contributing to increased risk of CVD-particularly in high CVD risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Godfrey
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - N Yamada-Fowler
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - J Smith
- Bruker UK Ltd, Banner Lane, Coventry, UK
| | - P J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - N Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
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Duivenvoorde LPM, van Schothorst EM, Derous D, van der Stelt I, Masania J, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Keijer J. Oxygen restriction as challenge test reveals early high-fat-diet-induced changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1179-93. [PMID: 24974902 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Challenge tests stress homeostasis and may reveal deviations in health that remain masked under unchallenged conditions. Ideally, challenge tests are non-invasive and applicable in an early phase of an animal experiment. Oxygen restriction (OxR; based on ambient, mild normobaric hypoxia) is a non-invasive challenge test that measures the flexibility to adapt metabolism. Metabolic inflexibility is one of the hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome. To test whether OxR can be used to reveal early diet-induced health effects, we exposed mice to a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for only 5 days. The response to OxR was assessed by calorimetric measurements, followed by analysis of gene expression in liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and serum markers for e.g. protein glycation and oxidation. Although HF feeding increased body weight, HF and LF mice did not differ in indirect calorimetric values under normoxic conditions and in a fasting state. Exposure to OxR; however, increased oxygen consumption and lipid oxidation in HF mice versus LF mice. Furthermore, OxR induced gluconeogenesis and an antioxidant response in the liver of HF mice, whereas it induced de novo lipogenesis and an antioxidant response in eWAT of LF mice, indicating that HF and LF mice differed in their adaptation to OxR. OxR also increased serum markers of protein glycation and oxidation in HF mice, whereas these changes were absent in LF mice. Cumulatively, OxR is a promising new method to test food products on potential beneficial effects for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes P M Duivenvoorde
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Geoffrion M, Du X, Irshad Z, Vanderhyden BC, Courville K, Sui G, D'Agati VD, Ott-Braschi S, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Brownlee M, Milne RW. Differential effects of glyoxalase 1 overexpression on diabetic atherosclerosis and renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-treated, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/6/e12043. [PMID: 24920125 PMCID: PMC4208644 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive dicarbonyls, glyoxal and methylglyoxal (MG), increase in diabetes and may participate in the development of diabetic complications. Glyoxal and MG are detoxified by the sequential activities of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) and glyoxalase 2. To determine the contribution of these dicarbonyls to the etiology of complications, we have genetically manipulated GLO1 levels in apolipoprotein E‐null (Apoe−/−) mice. Male Apoe−/− mice, hemizygous for a human GLO1 transgene (GLO1TGApoe−/− mice) or male nontransgenic Apoe−/− litter mates were injected with streptozotocin or vehicle and 6 or 20 weeks later, aortic atherosclerosis was quantified. The GLO1 transgene lessened streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced increases in immunoreactive hydroimidazolone (MG‐H1). Compared to nondiabetic mice, STZ‐treated GLO1TGApoe−/− and Apoe−/− mice had increased serum cholesterol and triglycerides and increased atherosclerosis at both times after diabetes induction. While the increased GLO1 activity in the GLO1TGApoe−/− mice failed to protect against diabetic atherosclerosis, it lessened glomerular mesangial expansion, prevented albuminuria and lowered renal levels of dicarbonyls and protein glycation adducts. Aortic atherosclerosis was also quantified in 22‐week‐old, male normoglycemic Glo1 knockdown mice on an Apoe−/− background (Glo1KDApoe−/− mice), an age at which Glo1KD mice exhibit albuminuria and renal pathology similar to that of diabetic mice. In spite of ~75% decrease in GLO1 activity and increased aortic MG‐H1, the Glo1KDApoe−/− mice did not show increased atherosclerosis compared to age‐matched Apoe−/− mice. Thus, manipulation of GLO1 activity does not affect the development of early aortic atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice but can dictate the onset of kidney disease independently of blood glucose levels. Increased levels of methylglyoxal and methylglyoxal‐derived advanced glycation end products may contribute to the development of diabetic complications. We show that overexpression of an enzyme that participates in the pathway of methylglyoxal detoxification, glyoxalase 1, protects streptozotocin‐treated, apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice from diabetic kidney disease but not from diabetes‐induced accelerated aortic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Geoffrion
- Atherosclerosis, Genetics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xueliang Du
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Zehra Irshad
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Courville
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangzhi Sui
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Sylvie Ott-Braschi
- Atherosclerosis, Genetics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ross W Milne
- Atherosclerosis, Genetics and Cell Biology Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Lopez-Clavijo AF, Duque-Daza CA, Romero Canelon I, Barrow MP, Kilgour D, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, O'Connor PB. Study of an unusual advanced glycation end-product (AGE) derived from glyoxal using mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:673-683. [PMID: 24470193 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycation is a post-translational modification (PTM) that affects the physiological properties of peptides and proteins. In particular, during hyperglycaemia, glycation by α-dicarbonyl compounds generate α-dicarbonyl-derived glycation products also called α-dicarbonyl-derived advanced glycation end products. Glycation by the α-dicarbonyl compound known as glyoxal was studied in model peptides by MS/MS using a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. An unusual type of glyoxal-derived AGE with a mass addition of 21.98436 Da is reported in peptides containing combinations of two arginine-two lysine, and one arginine-three lysine amino acid residues. Electron capture dissociation and collisionally activated dissociation results supported that the unusual glyoxal-derived AGE is formed at the guanidino group of arginine, and a possible structure is proposed to illustrate the 21.9843 Da mass addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Lopez-Clavijo
- Warwick Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, U.K
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Fleming TH, Theilen TM, Masania J, Wunderle M, Karimi J, Vittas S, Bernauer R, Bierhaus A, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ, Kroll J, Tyedmers J, Nawrotzki R, Herzig S, Brownlee M, Nawroth PP. Aging-dependent reduction in glyoxalase 1 delays wound healing. Gerontology 2013; 59:427-37. [PMID: 23797271 DOI: 10.1159/000351628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), the major dicarbonyl substrate of the enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), is a reactive metabolite formed via glycolytic flux. Decreased GLO1 activity in situ has been shown to result in an accumulation of MG and increased formation of advanced glycation endproducts, both of which can accumulate during physiological aging and at an accelerated rate in diabetes and other chronic degenerative diseases. To determine the physiological consequences which result from elevated MG levels and the role of MG and GLO1 in aging, wound healing in young (≤12 weeks) and old (≥52 weeks) wild-type mice was studied. Old mice were found to have a significantly slower rate of wound healing compared to young mice (74.9 ± 2.2 vs. 55.4 ± 1.5% wound closure at day 6; 26% decrease; p < 0.0001). This was associated with decreases in GLO1 transcription, expression and activity. The importance of GLO1 was confirmed in mice by inhibition of GLO1. Direct application of MG to the wounds of young mice, decreased wound healing by 24% compared to untreated mice, whereas application of BSA modified minimally by MG had no effect. Treatment of either young or old mice with aminoguanidine, a scavenger of free MG, significantly increased wound closure by 16% (66.8 ± 1.6 vs. 77.2 ± 3.1%; p < 0.05) and 64% (40.4 ± 7.9 vs. 66.4 ± 5.2%; p < 0.05), respectively, by day 6. As a result of the aminoguanidine treatment, the overall rate of wound healing in the old mice was restored to the level observed in the young mice. These findings were confirmed in vitro, as MG reduced migration and proliferation of fibroblasts derived from young and old, wild-type mice. The data demonstrate that the balance between MG and age-dependent GLO1 downregulation contributes to delayed wound healing in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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