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Okumura K, Ioka T, Sakabe M. Loss of myocardial Hey2/Hrt2 function disrupts rightward shift of atrioventricular cushion tissue and causes tricuspid atresia. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:107-118. [PMID: 37042466 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocardial cushion tissue is primordia of the valves and septa of the adult heart, and its malformation causes various congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Tricuspid atresia (TA) is defined as congenital absence or agenesis of the tricuspid valve caused by endocardial cushion defects. However, little is known about what type of endocardial cushion defect causes TA. RESULTS Using three-dimensional volume rendering image analysis, we demonstrated morphological changes of endocardial cushion tissue in developing Hey2/Hrt2 KO mouse embryos that showed malformation of the tricuspid valve, which resembled human TA at neonatal period. In control embryos, atrioventricular (AV) endocardial cushion tissues showed rightward shift to form a tricuspid valve. However, the rightward shift of endocardial cushion tissue was disrupted in Hey2/Hrt2 KO embryos, leading to the misalignment of AV cushions. We also found that muscular tissue filled up the space between the right atrium and ventricle, resulting in the absence of the tricuspid valve. Moreover, analysis using tissue-specific conditional KO mice showed that HEY2/HRT2-expressing myocardium may physically regulate the AV shift. CONCLUSION Disruption of rightward cushion movement is an initial cue of TA phenotype, and myocardial HEY2/HRT2 is necessary for the regulation of proper alignment of AV endocardial cushion tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okumura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahide Sakabe
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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2
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van den Berg NWE, Kawasaki M, Nariswari FA, Fabrizi B, Neefs J, van der Made I, Wesselink R, van Boven WJP, Driessen AHG, Jongejan A, de Groot JR. MicroRNAs in atrial fibrillation target genes in structural remodelling. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:497-514. [PMID: 37833432 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We aim to elucidate how miRNAs regulate the mRNA signature of atrial fibrillation (AF), to gain mechanistic insight and identify candidate targets for future therapies. We present combined miRNA-mRNA sequencing using atrial tissues of patient without AF (n = 22), with paroxysmal AF (n = 22) and with persistent AF (n = 20). mRNA sequencing previously uncovered upregulated epithelial to mesenchymal transition, endothelial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodelling involving glycoproteins and proteoglycans in AF. MiRNA co-sequencing discovered miRNAs regulating the mRNA expression changes. Key downregulated miRNAs included miR-135b-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p and miR-31-5p and key upregulated miRNAs were miR-144-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-182-5p miR-18b-5p, miR-4306 and miR-206. MiRNA expression levels were negatively correlated with the expression levels of a multitude of predicted target genes. Downregulated miRNAs associated with increased gene expression are involved in upregulated epithelial and endothelial cell migration and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. In vitro inhibition of miR-135b-5p and miR-138-5p validated an effect of miRNAs on multiple predicted targets. Altogether, the discovered miRNAs may be explored in further functional studies as potential targets for anti-fibrotic therapies in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline W E van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fransisca A Nariswari
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedetta Fabrizi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Neefs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg van der Made
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Wesselink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jan P van Boven
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H G Driessen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Jin B, Ishikawa T, Kashima M, Komura R, Hirata H, Okada T, Mori K. Activation of XBP1 but not ATF6α rescues heart failure induced by persistent ER stress in medaka fish. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201771. [PMID: 37160311 PMCID: PMC10172766 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is triggered in vertebrates by ubiquitously expressed IRE1α/β (although IRE1β is gut-specific in mice), PERK, and ATF6α/β, transmembrane-type sensor proteins in the ER, to cope with ER stress, the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, we burdened medaka fish, a vertebrate model organism, with ER stress persistently from fertilization by knocking out the AXER gene encoding an ATP/ADP exchanger in the ER membrane, leading to decreased ATP concentration-mediated impairment of the activity of Hsp70- and Hsp90-type molecular chaperones in the ER lumen. ER stress and apoptosis were evoked from 4 and 6 dpf, respectively, leading to the death of all AXER-KO medaka by 12 dpf because of heart failure (medaka hatch at 7 dpf). Importantly, constitutive activation of IRE1α signaling-but not ATF6α signaling-rescued this heart failure and allowed AXER-KO medaka to survive 3 d longer, likely because of XBP1-mediated transcriptional induction of ER-associated degradation components. Thus, activation of a specific pathway of the unfolded protein response can cure defects in a particular organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungseok Jin
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tokiro Ishikawa
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Kashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rei Komura
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okada
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Ling S, Blackburn BJ, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M, Ford SM, Lapierre-Landry M, Rollins AM. Segmentation of beating embryonic heart structures from 4-D OCT images using deep learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1945-1958. [PMID: 37206115 PMCID: PMC10191668 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to investigate heart development because of its capability to image both structure and function of beating embryonic hearts. Cardiac structure segmentation is a prerequisite for the quantification of embryonic heart motion and function using OCT. Since manual segmentation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, an automatic method is needed to facilitate high-throughput studies. The purpose of this study is to develop an image-processing pipeline to facilitate the segmentation of beating embryonic heart structures from a 4-D OCT dataset. Sequential OCT images were obtained at multiple planes of a beating quail embryonic heart and reassembled to a 4-D dataset using image-based retrospective gating. Multiple image volumes at different time points were selected as key-volumes, and their cardiac structures including myocardium, cardiac jelly, and lumen, were manually labeled. Registration-based data augmentation was used to synthesize additional labeled image volumes by learning transformations between key-volumes and other unlabeled volumes. The synthesized labeled images were then used to train a fully convolutional network (U-Net) for heart structure segmentation. The proposed deep learning-based pipeline achieved high segmentation accuracy with only two labeled image volumes and reduced the time cost of segmenting one 4-D OCT dataset from a week to two hours. Using this method, one could carry out cohort studies that quantify complex cardiac motion and function in developing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brecken J. Blackburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Epigenetic Evaluation of the TBX20 Gene and Environmental Risk Factors in Mexican Paediatric Patients with Congenital Septal Defects. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040586. [PMID: 36831251 PMCID: PMC9953838 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The TBX20 gene has a key role during cardiogenesis, and it has been related to epigenetic mechanisms in congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between DNA methylation status and congenital septal defects. The DNA methylation of seven CpG sites in the TBX20 gene promoter was analyzed through pyrosequencing as a quantitative method in 48 patients with congenital septal defects and 104 individuals with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The average methylation was higher in patients than in PDA (p < 0.001). High methylation levels were associated with a higher risk of congenital septal defects (OR = 4.59, 95% CI = 1.57-13.44, p = 0.005). The ROC curve analysis indicated that methylation of the TBX20 gene could be considered a risk marker for congenital septal defects (AUC = 0.682; 95% CI = 0.58-0.77; p < 0.001). The analysis of environmental risk factors in patients with septal defects and PDA showed an association between the consumption of vitamins (OR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.01-0.98; p = 0.048) and maternal infections (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.26-7.60; p = 0.013). These results suggest that differences in DNA methylation of the TBX20 gene can be associated with septal defects.
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6
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Marín-Quílez A, Di Buduo CA, Díaz-Ajenjo L, Abbonante V, Vuelta E, Soprano PM, Miguel-García C, Santos-Mínguez S, Serramito-Gómez I, Ruiz-Sala P, Peñarrubia MJ, Pardal E, Hernández-Rivas JM, González-Porras JR, García-Tuñón I, Benito R, Rivera J, Balduini A, Bastida JM. Novel variants in GALE cause syndromic macrothrombocytopenia by disrupting glycosylation and thrombopoiesis. Blood 2023; 141:406-421. [PMID: 36395340 PMCID: PMC10644051 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is recognized as a key process for proper megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation. The enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose-4-epimerase, encoded by GALE, is involved in galactose metabolism and protein glycosylation. Here, we studied 3 patients from 2 unrelated families who showed lifelong severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding diathesis, mental retardation, mitral valve prolapse, and jaundice. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 4 variants that affect GALE, 3 of those previously unreported (Pedigree A, p.Lys78ValfsX32 and p.Thr150Met; Pedigree B, p.Val128Met; and p.Leu223Pro). Platelet phenotype analysis showed giant and/or grey platelets, impaired platelet aggregation, and severely reduced alpha and dense granule secretion. Enzymatic activity of the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase enzyme was severely decreased in all patients. Immunoblotting of platelet lysates revealed reduced GALE protein levels, a significant decrease in N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc), showing a hypoglycosylation pattern, reduced surface expression of gylcoprotein Ibα-IX-V (GPIbα-IX-V) complex and mature β1 integrin, and increased apoptosis. In vitro studies performed with patients-derived megakaryocytes showed normal ploidy and maturation but decreased proplatelet formation because of the impaired glycosylation of the GPIbα and β1 integrin, and reduced externalization to megakaryocyte and platelet membranes. Altered distribution of filamin A and actin and delocalization of the von Willebrand factor were also shown. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of GALE-related thrombocytopenia and emphasizes the critical role of GALE in the physiological glycosylation of key proteins involved in platelet production and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marín-Quílez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Díaz-Ajenjo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Vittorio Abbonante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Vuelta
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Miguel-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Santos-Mínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Serramito-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz-Sala
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CIBERER, IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Peñarrubia
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Emilia Pardal
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Jesús María Hernández-Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Tuñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rocío Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CIC), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Rivera
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Pascual Parrilla, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - José María Bastida
- Servicio de Hematología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain
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7
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Ling S, Chen J, Lapierre-Landry M, Suh J, Liu Y, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M, Ford SM, Rollins AM. Automated endocardial cushion segmentation and cellularization quantification in developing hearts using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5599-5615. [PMID: 36733755 PMCID: PMC9872882 DOI: 10.1364/boe.467629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Of all congenital heart defects (CHDs), anomalies in heart valves and septa are among the most common and contribute about fifty percent to the total burden of CHDs. Progenitors to heart valves and septa are endocardial cushions formed in looping hearts through a multi-step process that includes localized expansion of cardiac jelly, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration and proliferation. To characterize the development of endocardial cushions, previous studies manually measured cushion size or cushion cell density from images obtained using histology, immunohistochemistry, or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Manual methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, impeding their applications in cohort studies that require large sample sizes. This study presents an automated strategy to rapidly characterize the anatomy of endocardial cushions from OCT images. A two-step deep learning technique was used to detect the location of the heart and segment endocardial cushions. The acellular and cellular cushion regions were then segregated by K-means clustering. The proposed method can quantify cushion development by measuring the cushion volume and cellularized fraction, and also map 3D spatial organization of the acellular and cellular cushion regions. The application of this method to study the developing looping hearts allowed us to discover a spatial asymmetry of the acellular cardiac jelly in endocardial cushions during these critical stages, which has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryse Lapierre-Landry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Junwoo Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael W. Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Congenital Heart Collaborative, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Brennan K, Zheng H, Fahrner JA, Shin JH, Gentles AJ, Schaefer B, Sunwoo JB, Bernstein JA, Gevaert O. NSD1 mutations deregulate transcription and DNA methylation of bivalent developmental genes in Sotos syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2164-2184. [PMID: 35094088 PMCID: PMC9262396 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome (SS), the most common overgrowth with intellectual disability (OGID) disorder, is caused by inactivating germline mutations of NSD1, which encodes a histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase. To understand how NSD1 inactivation deregulates transcription and DNA methylation (DNAm), and to explore how these abnormalities affect human development, we profiled transcription and DNAm in SS patients and healthy control individuals. We identified a transcriptional signature that distinguishes individuals with SS from controls and was also deregulated in NSD1-mutated cancers. Most abnormally expressed genes displayed reduced expression in SS; these downregulated genes consisted mostly of bivalent genes and were enriched for regulators of development and neural synapse function. DNA hypomethylation was strongly enriched within promoters of transcriptionally deregulated genes: overexpressed genes displayed hypomethylation at their transcription start sites while underexpressed genes featured hypomethylation at polycomb binding sites within their promoter CpG island shores. SS patients featured accelerated molecular aging at the levels of both transcription and DNAm. Overall, these findings indicate that NSD1-deposited H3K36 methylation regulates transcription by directing promoter DNA methylation, partially by repressing polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) activity. These findings could explain the phenotypic similarity of SS to OGID disorders that are caused by mutations in PRC2 complex-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brennan
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - June Ho Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bradley Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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9
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Scheurlen KM, Chariker JH, Kanaan Z, Littlefield AB, George JB, Seraphine C, Rochet A, Rouchka EC, Galandiuk S. The NOTCH4-GATA4-IRG1 axis as a novel target in early-onset colorectal cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Gordon DM, Cunningham D, Zender G, Lawrence PJ, Penaloza JS, Lin H, Fitzgerald-Butt SM, Myers K, Duong T, Corsmeier DJ, Gaither JB, Kuck HC, Wijeratne S, Moreland B, Kelly BJ, Garg V, White P, McBride KL. Exome sequencing in multiplex families with left-sided cardiac defects has high yield for disease gene discovery. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010236. [PMID: 35737725 PMCID: PMC9258875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common group of birth defects with a strong genetic contribution to their etiology, but historically the diagnostic yield from exome studies of isolated CHD has been low. Pleiotropy, variable expressivity, and the difficulty of accurately phenotyping newborns contribute to this problem. We hypothesized that performing exome sequencing on selected individuals in families with multiple members affected by left-sided CHD, then filtering variants by population frequency, in silico predictive algorithms, and phenotypic annotations from publicly available databases would increase this yield and generate a list of candidate disease-causing variants that would show a high validation rate. In eight of the nineteen families in our study (42%), we established a well-known gene/phenotype link for a candidate variant or performed confirmation of a candidate variant’s effect on protein function, including variants in genes not previously described or firmly established as disease genes in the body of CHD literature: BMP10, CASZ1, ROCK1 and SMYD1. Two plausible variants in different genes were found to segregate in the same family in two instances suggesting oligogenic inheritance. These results highlight the need for functional validation and demonstrate that in the era of next-generation sequencing, multiplex families with isolated CHD can still bring high yield to the discovery of novel disease genes. Congenital heart disease is a common group of birth defects that are a leading cause of death in children under one year of age. There is strong evidence that genetics plays a role in causing congenital heart disease. While studies using individual cases have identified causative genes for those with a heart defect when accompanied by other birth defects or intellectual disabilities, for individuals who have only a heart defect without other problems, a genetic cause can be found in fewer than 10%. In this study, we enrolled families where there was more than one individual with a heart defect. This allowed us to take advantage of inheritance by searching for potential disease-causing genetic variants in common among all affected individuals in the family. Among 19 families studied, we were able to find a plausible disease-causing variant in eight of them and identified new genes that may cause or contribute to the presence of a heart defect. Two families had potential disease-causing variants in two different genes. We designed assays to test if the variants led to altered function of the protein coded by the gene, demonstrating a functional consequence that support the gene and variant as contributing to the heart defect. These findings show that studying families may be more effective than using individuals to find causes of heart defects. In addition, this family-based method suggests that changes in more than one gene may be required for a heart defect to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Gordon
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Cunningham
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gloria Zender
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Lawrence
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline S. Penaloza
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Fitzgerald-Butt
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katherine Myers
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Duong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Donald J. Corsmeier
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Gaither
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harkness C. Kuck
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Blythe Moreland
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Kelly
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
| | - Peter White
- Computational Genomics Group, The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VG); (PW); (KLM)
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11
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Feulner L, van Vliet PP, Puceat M, Andelfinger G. Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050122. [PMID: 35621833 PMCID: PMC9144171 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized form of endothelium that lines the inner side of the heart chambers and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. While comparatively less studied than other cardiac cell types, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of and by the endocardium over the past two decades. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known regarding endocardial origin and development, the relationship between endocardium and other cardiac cell types, and the various lineages that endocardial cells derive from and contribute to. These processes are driven by key molecular mechanisms such as Notch and BMP signaling. These pathways in particular have been well studied, but other signaling pathways and mechanical cues also play important roles. Finally, we will touch on the contribution of stem cell modeling in combination with single cell sequencing and its potential translational impact for congenital heart defects such as bicuspid aortic valves and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The detailed understanding of cellular and molecular processes in the endocardium will be vital to further develop representative stem cell-derived models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Feulner
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
- INSERM U-1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ju H, He X, Sun P, Tian Y, Yang P, Song XX, Yu T, Jiang Z. Comprehensive profile of circRNAs in formaldehyde induced heart development. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112899. [PMID: 35231573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of long non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in heart development and heart disease. However, the expression pattern of circRNAs in congenital heart disease (CHD) induced by formaldehyde exposure is still unknown. We detected circRNAs expression profiles in heart tissue taken from six neonatal rat pups with formaldehyde exposure group and normal group using RNA-sequencing. Results revealed that a total of 54 circRNAs were dysregulated in the formaldehyde exposure group compared to the normal group. Among them, 31 were upregulated and 23 were downregulated (fold change = 2.0, p < 0.0 5). The qRT-qPCR results showed that expressions of 12:628708|632694, 18:77477060|77520779, 5:167486001|167526275 were significantly upregulated, while that of 7:41167312|4116775 and 20:50659751|5068786 were notably downregulated; the expression pattern was consistent with the RNA sequencing data. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the pathogenesis of formaldehyde exposure-induced CHD may involve Hippo-YAP pathway、Notch signaling pathway and other pathways. A key miRNA (rno-miR-665) was identified by constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network. In summary, the study illustrated that circRNAs differentially expressed in fetal heart tissues during formaldehyde exposure has potential biological functions and may be a biomarker or therapeutic target for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 16 Jiangsu, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Song
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 38 Dengzhou, Qingdao, 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhirong Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Road No. 59 Haier, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Dhamodaran K, Baidouri H, Nartey A, Staverosky J, Keller K, Acott T, Vranka J, Raghunathan V. Endogenous expression of Notch pathway molecules in human trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108935. [PMID: 35033558 PMCID: PMC8885976 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cells in the trabecular meshwork sense and respond to a myriad of physical forces through a process known as mechanotransduction. Whilst the effect of substratum stiffness or stretch on TM cells have been investigated in the context of transforming growth factor (TGF-β), Wnt and YAP/TAZ pathways, the role of Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway, recently implicated in mechanotransduction, has not been investigated in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Here, we compare the endogenous expression of Notch pathway molecules in TM cells from glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous donors, segmental flow regions, and when subjected to cyclical strain, or grown on hydrogels of varying rigidity. METHODS Primary TM from glaucomatous (GTM), non-glaucomatous (NTM) donors, and from segmental flow regions [high flow (HF), low flow (LF)], were utilized between passages 2-6. Cells were (i) plated on tissue culture plastic, (ii) subjected to cyclical strain (6 h and 24 h), or (iii) cultured on 3 kPa and 80 kPa hydrogels. mRNA levels of Notch receptors/ligands/effectors in the TM cells was determined by qRT-PCR. Phagocytosis was determined as a function of substratum stiffness in NTM-HF/LF cells in the presence or absence of 100 nM Dexamethasone treatment. RESULTS Innate expression of Notch pathway genes were significantly overexpressed in GTM cells with no discernible differences observed between HF/LF cells in either NTM or GTM cells cultured on plastic substrates. With 6 h of cyclical strain, a subset of Notch pathway genes presented with altered expression. Expression of Notch receptors/ligands/receptors/inhibitors progressively declined with increasing stiffness and this correlated with phagocytic ability of NTM cells. Dexamethasone treatment decreased phagocytosis regardless of stiffness or cells isolated from segmental outflow regions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that the Notch expression in cultured TM cells differ intrinsically between GTM vs NTM, and by substratum cues (cyclical strain and stiffness). Of import, the most apparent differences in gene expression were observed as a function of substratum stiffness which closely followed phagocytic ability of cells. Interestingly, on soft substrates (mimicking normal TM stiffness) Notch expression and phagocytosis was highest, while both expression and phagocytosis was significantly lower on stiffer substrates (mimicking glaucomatous stiffness) regardless of DEX treatment. Such context dependent changes suggest Notch pathway may play differing roles in disease vs homeostasis. Studies focused on understanding the mechanistic role of Notch (if any) in outflow homeostasis are thus warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hasna Baidouri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrews Nartey
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia Staverosky
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kate Keller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ted Acott
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Janice Vranka
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Correspondence should be sent to: VijayKrishna Raghunathan, Ph.D., University of Houston, College of Optometry, 4901 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204, Phone: (713)-743-8331,
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14
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Single cell multi-omic analysis identifies a Tbx1-dependent multilineage primed population in murine cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6645. [PMID: 34789765 PMCID: PMC8599455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The poles of the heart and branchiomeric muscles of the face and neck are formed from the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm within the pharyngeal apparatus. They are disrupted in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, due to haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor. Here, using single cell RNA-sequencing, we now identify a multilineage primed population within the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, marked by Tbx1, which has bipotent properties to form cardiac and branchiomeric muscle cells. The multilineage primed cells are localized within the nascent mesoderm of the caudal lateral pharyngeal apparatus and provide a continuous source of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm progenitors. Tbx1 regulates the maturation of multilineage primed progenitor cells to cardiopharyngeal mesoderm derivatives while restricting ectopic non-mesodermal gene expression. We further show that TBX1 confers this balance of gene expression by direct and indirect regulation of enriched genes in multilineage primed progenitors and downstream pathways, partly through altering chromatin accessibility, the perturbation of which can lead to congenital defects in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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15
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Li CH, Hsu TI, Chang YC, Chan MH, Lu PJ, Hsiao M. Stationed or Relocating: The Seesawing EMT/MET Determinants from Embryonic Development to Cancer Metastasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091265. [PMID: 34572451 PMCID: PMC8472300 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal transition mechanisms continue to occur during the cell cycle and throughout human development from the embryo stage to death. In embryo development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be divided into three essential steps. First, endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells form, then the cells are subdivided, and finally, cardiac valve formation occurs. After the embryonic period, the human body will be subjected to ongoing mechanical stress or injury. The formation of a wound requires EMT to recruit fibroblasts to generate granulation tissues, repair the wound and re-create an intact skin barrier. However, once cells transform into a malignant tumor, the tumor cells acquire the characteristic of immortality. Local cell growth with no growth inhibition creates a solid tumor. If the tumor cannot obtain enough nutrition in situ, the tumor cells will undergo EMT and invade the basal membrane of nearby blood vessels. The tumor cells are transported through the bloodstream to secondary sites and then begin to form colonies and undergo reverse EMT, the so-called "mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)." This dynamic change involves cell morphology, environmental conditions, and external stimuli. Therefore, in this manuscript, the similarities and differences between EMT and MET will be dissected from embryonic development to the stage of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Tai-I Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hsien Chan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (T.-I.H.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-J.L.); (M.H.)
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16
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Starcher AE, Peissig K, Stanton JB, Churchill GA, Cai D, Maxwell JT, Grider A, Love K, Chen SY, Coleman AE, Strauss E, Pazdro R. A systems approach using Diversity Outbred mice distinguishes the cardiovascular effects and genetics of circulating GDF11 from those of its homolog, myostatin. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6362884. [PMID: 34510201 PMCID: PMC8527520 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the TGF-β protein family that has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. While some studies have suggested that systemic GDF11 protects against cardiomyocyte enlargement and left ventricular wall thickening, there remains uncertainty about the true impact of GDF11 and whether its purported effects are actually attributable to its homolog myostatin. This study was conducted to resolve the statistical and genetic relationships among GDF11, myostatin, and cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of human genetics, the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock. In the DO population, serum GDF11 concentrations positively correlated with cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, while circulating myostatin levels were negatively correlated with body weight, heart weight, and left ventricular wall thickness and mass. Genetic analyses revealed that serum GDF11 concentrations are modestly heritable (0.23) and identified a suggestive peak on murine chromosome 3 in close proximity to the gene Hey1, a transcriptional repressor. Bioinformatic analyses located putative binding sites for the HEY1 protein upstream of the Gdf11 gene in the mouse and human genomes. In contrast, serum myostatin concentrations were more heritable (0.57) than GDF11 concentrations, and mapping identified a significant locus near the gene FoxO1, which has binding motifs within the promoter regions of human and mouse myostatin genes. Together, these findings more precisely define the independent cardiovascular effects of GDF11 and myostatin, as well as their distinct regulatory pathways. Hey1 is a compelling candidate for the regulation of GDF11 and will be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Starcher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristen Peissig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arthur Grider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kim Love
- K. R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emma Strauss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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17
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Teekakirikul P, Zhu W, Gabriel GC, Young CB, Williams K, Martin LJ, Hill JC, Richards T, Billaud M, Phillippi JA, Wang J, Wu Y, Tan T, Devine W, Lin JH, Bais AS, Klonowski J, de Bellaing AM, Saini A, Wang MX, Emerel L, Salamacha N, Wyman SK, Lee C, Li HS, Miron A, Zhang J, Xing J, McNamara DM, Fung E, Kirshbom P, Mahle W, Kochilas LK, He Y, Garg V, White P, McBride KL, Benson DW, Gleason TG, Mital S, Lo CW. Common deletion variants causing protocadherin-α deficiency contribute to the complex genetics of BAV and left-sided congenital heart disease. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100037. [PMID: 34888534 PMCID: PMC8653519 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with ~1%-2% prevalence is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD). It frequently results in valve disease and aorta dilation and is a major cause of adult cardiac surgery. BAV is genetically linked to rare left-heart obstructions (left ventricular outflow tract obstructions [LVOTOs]), including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Mouse and human studies indicate LVOTO is genetically heterogeneous with a complex genetic etiology. Homozygous mutation in the Pcdha protocadherin gene cluster in mice can cause BAV, and also HLHS and other LVOTO phenotypes when accompanied by a second mutation. Here we show two common deletion copy number variants (delCNVs) within the PCDHA gene cluster are associated with LVOTO. Analysis of 1,218 white individuals with LVOTO versus 463 disease-free local control individuals yielded odds ratios (ORs) at 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.92; p = 4.2 × 10-3) for LVOTO, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.10-1.97; p = 0.01) for BAV, 6.13 (95% CI, 2.75-13.7; p = 9.7 × 10-6) for CoA, and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.07-2.08; p = 0.019) for HLHS. Increased OR was observed for all LVOTO phenotypes in homozygous or compound heterozygous PCDHA delCNV genotype comparison versus wild type. Analysis of an independent white cohort (381 affected individuals, 1,352 control individuals) replicated the PCDHA delCNV association with LVOTO. Generalizability of these findings is suggested by similar observations in Black and Chinese individuals with LVOTO. Analysis of Pcdha mutant mice showed reduced PCDHA expression at regions of cell-cell contact in aortic smooth muscle and cushion mesenchyme, suggesting potential mechanisms for BAV pathogenesis and aortopathy. Together, these findings indicate common variants causing PCDHA deficiency play a significant role in the genetic etiology of common and rare LVOTO-CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polakit Teekakirikul
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George C. Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cullen B. Young
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kylia Williams
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Hill
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tara Richards
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marie Billaud
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Phillippi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuantuan Tan
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Devine
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiuann-huey Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abha S. Bais
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Klonowski
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Moreau de Bellaing
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Necker-Sick Children Hospital and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ankur Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael X. Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonid Emerel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, and Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Salamacha
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel K. Wyman
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carrie Lee
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung Sing Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anastasia Miron
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis M. McNamara
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erik Fung
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Heart Failure and Circulation Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, CARE Programme, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, and Gerald Choa Cardiac Research Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Kirshbom
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - William Mahle
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lazaros K. Kochilas
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yihua He
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter White
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D. Woodrow Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas G. Gleason
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Foo YY, Motakis E, Tiang Z, Shen S, Lai JKH, Chan WX, Wiputra H, Chen N, Chen CK, Winkler C, Foo RSY, Yap CH. Effects of extended pharmacological disruption of zebrafish embryonic heart biomechanical environment on cardiac function, morphology, and gene expression. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1759-1777. [PMID: 34056790 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical stimuli are known to be important to cardiac development, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we pharmacologically disrupted the biomechanical environment of wild-type zebrafish embryonic hearts for an extended duration and investigated the consequent effects on cardiac function, morphological development, and gene expression. RESULTS Myocardial contractility was significantly diminished or abolished in zebrafish embryonic hearts treated for 72 hours from 2 dpf with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). Image-based flow simulations showed that flow wall shear stresses were abolished or significantly reduced with high oscillatory shear indices. At 5 dpf, after removal of BDM, treated embryonic hearts were maldeveloped, having disrupted cardiac looping, smaller ventricles, and poor cardiac function (lower ejected flow, bulboventricular regurgitation, lower contractility, and slower heart rate). RNA sequencing of cardiomyocytes of treated hearts revealed 922 significantly up-regulated genes and 1,698 significantly down-regulated genes. RNA analysis and subsequent qPCR and histology validation suggested that biomechanical disruption led to an up-regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic genes and down-regulation of ECM remodeling and ECM-receptor interaction genes. Biomechanics disruption also prevented the formation of ventricular trabeculation along with notch1 and erbb4a down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Extended disruption of biomechanical stimuli caused maldevelopment, and potential genes responsible for this are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Yin Foo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Efthymios Motakis
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Kuan Han Lai
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hadi Wiputra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nanguang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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19
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Zhao X, Xing J, Li J, Hou R, Niu X, Liu R, Jiao J, Yang X, Li J, Liang J, Zhou L, Wang Q, Chang W, Yin G, Li X, Zhang K. Dysregulated Dermal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Interfered by Glucose Metabolism in Psoriasis. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:85-93. [PMID: 33632981 PMCID: PMC7904530 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which the mechanisms behind its initiation and development are related to many factors. DMSCs (dermal mesenchymal stem cells) represent an important member of the skin microenvironment and play an important role in the surrounding environment and in neighbouring cells, but they are also affected by the microenvironment. We studied the glucose metabolism of DMSCs in psoriasis patients and a control group to reveal the relationship among glucose metabolism, cell proliferation activity,and VEC (vascular endothelial cell) differentiation in vitro, we demonstrated the biological activity and molecular mechanisms of DMSCs in psoriasis. Methods and Results We found that the OCR of DMSCs in psoriatic lesions was higher than that in the control group, and mRNA of GLUT1 and HK2 were up-regulated compared with the control group. The proliferative activity of DMSCs in psoriasis was reduced at an early stage, and mRNA involved in proliferation, JUNB and FOS were expressed at lower levels than those in the control group. The number of blood vessels in psoriatic lesions was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05), which the mRNA of VEC differentiation, CXCL12, CXCR7, HEYL and RGS5 tended to be increased in psoriatic lesions compared to the control group, in addition to Notch3. Conclusions We speculated that DMSCs affected local psoriatic blood vessels through glucose metabolism, and the differentiation of VECs, which resulted in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianxiao Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Hou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuping Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juanjuan Jiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiannan Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stem Cell for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan City Centre Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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20
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Han L, Korangath P, Nguyen NK, Diehl A, Cho S, Teo WW, Cope L, Gessler M, Romer L, Sukumar S. HEYL Regulates Neoangiogenesis Through Overexpression in Both Breast Tumor Epithelium and Endothelium. Front Oncol 2021; 10:581459. [PMID: 33520697 PMCID: PMC7845423 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.581459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking tumor angiogenesis is an appealing therapeutic strategy, but to date, success has been elusive. We previously identified HEYL, a downstream target of Notch signaling, as an overexpressed gene in both breast cancer cells and as a tumor endothelial marker, suggesting that HEYL overexpression in both compartments may contribute to neoangiogenesis. Carcinomas arising in double transgenic Her2-neu/HeyL mice showed higher tumor vessel density and significantly faster growth than tumors in parental Her2/neu mice. Providing mechanistic insight, microarray-based mRNA profiling of HS578T-tet-off-HEYL human breast cancer cells revealed upregulation of several angiogenic factors including CXCL1/2/3 upon HEYL expression, which was validated by RT-qPCR and protein array analysis. Upregulation of the cytokines CXCL1/2/3 occurred through direct binding of HEYL to their promoter sequences. We found that vessel growth and migration of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was promoted by conditioned medium from HS578T-tet-off-HEYL carcinoma cells, but was blocked by neutralizing antibodies against CXCL1/2/3. Supporting these findings, suppressing HEYL expression using shRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced tumor growth. In addition, suppressing the action of proangiogenic cytokines induced by HEYL using a small molecule inhibitor of the CXCl1/2/3 receptor, CXCR2, in combination with the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, significantly reduced tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Thus, HEYL expression in tumor epithelium has a profound effect on the vascular microenvironment in promoting neoangiogenesis. Furthermore, we show that lack of HEYL expression in endothelial cells leads to defects in neoangiogenesis, both under normal physiological conditions and in cancer. Thus, HeyL-/- mice showed impaired vessel outgrowth in the neonatal retina, while the growth of mammary tumor cells E0771 was retarded in syngeneic HeyL-/- mice compared to wild type C57/Bl6 mice. Blocking HEYL's angiogenesis-promoting function in both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelium may enhance efficacy of therapy targeting the tumor vasculature in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Han
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Preethi Korangath
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nguyen K Nguyen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adam Diehl
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Soonweng Cho
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wei Wen Teo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfraken and Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Lewis Romer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,The Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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21
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Fukusumi T, Guo TW, Ren S, Haft S, Liu C, Sakai A, Ando M, Saito Y, Sadat S, Califano JA. Reciprocal activation of HEY1 and NOTCH4 under SOX2 control promotes EMT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 58:226-237. [PMID: 33491747 PMCID: PMC7864008 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several comprehensive studies have demonstrated that the NOTCH pathway is altered in a bimodal manner in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a previous study, it was found that the NOTCH4/HEY1 pathway was specifically upregulated in HNSCC and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that HEY1 activation supported SOX2 expression. However, the interactions in this pathway have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the NOTCH4/HEY1/SOX2 axis in HNSCC using in vitro models and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To explore the association, reporter and ChIP RT-qPCR assays using SOX2-overexpressing (SOX2-OE) cells were performed. The association between NOTCH4 and HEY1 was examined in the same manner using HEY1-overexpressing (HEY1-OE) cells. The results of the in vitro experiments indicated that HEY1 promoted EMT in the HNSCC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of HEY1 also promoted sphere formation and increased murine xenograft tumorigenicity. Reporter assays and ChIP RT-qPCR experiments indicated that SOX2 regulated HEY1 expression via direct binding of the HEY1 promoter. HEY1 expression significantly correlated with SOX2 expression in primary lung SCC and other SCCs using the TCGA database. HEY1 also regulated NOTCH4 expression to create a positive reciprocal feedback loop. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that HEY1 expression in HNSCC is regulated via the promotion of SOX2 and promotes EMT. The NOTCH4/HEY1 pathway is specifically upregulated via a positive reciprocal feedback loop mediated by the HEY1-medaited regulation of NOTCH4 transcription, and SOX2 correlates with HEY1 expression in SCC from other primary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa W Guo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sunny Haft
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259‑1193, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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22
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Abstract
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that, during embryogenesis, form a lining on the inside of the developing heart, which is maintained throughout life. Endocardial cells are an essential source for several lineages of the cardiovascular system including coronary endothelium, endocardial cushion mesenchyme, cardiomyocytes, mural cells, fibroblasts, liver vasculature, adipocytes, and hematopoietic cells. Alterations in the differentiation programs that give rise to these lineages has detrimental effects, including premature lethality or significant structural malformations present at birth. Here, we will review the literature pertaining to the contribution of endocardial cells to valvular, and nonvalvular lineages and highlight critical pathways required for these processes. The lineage differentiation potential of embryonic, and possibly adult, endocardial cells has therapeutic potential in the regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Dye
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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23
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Febres-Aldana CA, Pelaez L, Wright MS, Maher OM, Febres-Aldana AJ, Sasaki J, Jayakar P, Jayakar A, Diaz-Barbosa M, Janvier M, Totapally B, Salyakina D, Galvez-Silva JR. A Case of UDP-Galactose 4'-Epimerase Deficiency Associated with Dyshematopoiesis and Atrioventricular Valve Malformations: An Exceptional Clinical Phenotype Explained by Altered N-Glycosylation with Relative Preservation of the Leloir Pathway. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:320-329. [PMID: 33510604 DOI: 10.1159/000511343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The generalized form of UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase (GALE) deficiency causes hypotonia, failure to thrive, cataracts, and liver failure. Individuals with non-generalized forms may remain asymptomatic with uncertain long-term outcomes. We report a 2-year-old child compound heterozygous for GALE p.R51W/p.G237D who never developed symptoms of classic galactosemia but has a history of congenital combined mitral and tricuspid valve malformation and pyloric stenosis, and presented with pancytopenia. Variant pathogenicity was supported by predictive computational tools and decreased GALE activity measured in erythrocytes. GALE function extends to the biosynthesis of glycans by epimerization of UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine and -glucosamine. Interrogation of the Gene Ontology consortium database revealed several putative proteins involved in normal hematopoiesis and atrioventricular valve morphogenesis, requiring N-glycosylation for adequate functionality. We hypothesize that by limiting substrate supply due to GALE deficiency, alterations in N-linked protein glycosylation can explain the patient's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Febres-Aldana
- AM Rywlin, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Liset Pelaez
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Meredith S Wright
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ossama M Maher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jun Sasaki
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Parul Jayakar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anuj Jayakar
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Magaly Diaz-Barbosa
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelin Janvier
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Bala Totapally
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daria Salyakina
- Personalized Medicine Initiative, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge R Galvez-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.,Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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24
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Wang H, Liu Y, Han S, Zi Y, Zhang Y, Kong R, Liu Z, Cai Z, Zhong C, Liu W, Li L, Jiang L. Nkx2-5 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of H9c2 Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925388. [PMID: 32780729 PMCID: PMC7441744 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein NKX2–5 affects mammalian heart development. In mice, the disruption of Nkx2–5 has been associated with arrhythmias, abnormal myocardial contraction, abnormal cardiac morphogenesis, and death. However, the details of the mechanisms are unclear. This study was designed to investigate them. Material/Methods Rat cardiomyocytes from the H9c2 cell line were used in our study. First, we knocked down Nkx2–5 in the H9c2 cells and then validated consequent changes in cell proliferation and migration. We then used RNA sequencing to determine the changes in transcripts. Finally, we validated these results by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results We confirmed that Nkx2–5 regulates the proliferation and migration of H9c2 cells. In our experiments, Nkx2–5 regulated the expression of genes related to proliferation, migration, heart development, and disease. Based on bioinformatics analysis, knockdown of Nkx2–5 caused differential expression of genes involved in cardiac development, calcium ion-related biological activity, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, pathways related to heart diseases, the MAPK signaling pathway, and other biological processes and signaling pathways. Conclusions Nkx2–5 may regulate proliferation and migration of the H9c2 cells through the genes Tgfb-2, Bmp10, Id2, Wt1, Hey1, and Cacna1g; rno-miR-1-3p; the TGF-β signaling pathway; the MAPK signaling pathway; as well as other genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Wang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Liu
- Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Shen Han
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Zi
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yayong Zhang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ruize Kong
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zu Liu
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhibin Cai
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chongbin Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department II of Hepatobillary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Jiang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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25
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Gholipoorfeshkecheh R, Agarwala S, Krishnappa S, Savitha M, Narayanappa D, Ramachandra NB. Variants in HEY genes manifest in Ventricular Septal Defects of Congenital Heart Disease. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Liu H, Ni S, Wang H, Zhang Q, Weng W. Charactering tumor microenvironment reveals stromal-related transcription factors promote tumor carcinogenesis in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5247-5257. [PMID: 32463580 PMCID: PMC7367614 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors represent the crucial role of controlling gene transcription in cancer development and progression. However, their functions in gastric cancer have not been thoroughly characterized. For this study, we comprehensively evaluated the correlation between infiltration patterns of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells and TFs expression in the cohort of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) from TCGA database. We integrally explored differential expression panel and prognostic value of candidate TFs in TCGA‐STAD cohort. Notably, we found a key transcription factor named HEYL, which its expression level was correlated with stromal component transformation of TME. HEYL was regularly high expressed in gastric cancer and correlated with patients’ poor prognosis. Knockdown of HEYL prominently abrogated the tendency of cell proliferation, migration, and progression in gastric cancer. Consistently, overexpression of HEYL strikingly accelerated the gastric carcinoma development through activating oncogenic signaling pathways and transcriptional activation of cadherin 11 (CDH11). Our findings not only identified the close relationship between TFs and TME phenotype, but also emphasized the crucial importance of TFs, especially HEYL, which could be identified as a candidate biomarker to evaluate prognostic risk and therapeutic effect in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Ni
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbo Wang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiongyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Weng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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27
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Cui G, Tian M, Hu S, Wang Y, Wang DW. Identifying functional non-coding variants in APOA5/A4/C3/A1 gene cluster associated with coronary heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 144:54-62. [PMID: 32437778 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies identified several polymorphisms in the APOA5/A4/C3/A1 gene cluster influencing lipids level and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, few studies explored the molecular mechanism. The purposes of this study were to fine-map noncoding region between APOA1 and APOC3 and then explore the clinical relevance in CHD and potential underlying mechanisms. In this study, a 2.7-kb length of the non-coding region between APOA1 and APOC3 was screened and five polymorphisms were investigated in the case-control study. The molecular mechanism was explored. Our data confirmed the association between rs7123454, rs12721030, rs10750098, and rs12721028 with CHD in 828 patients and 828 controls and replicated it in an independent population of 405 patients and 405 controls. In addition, the rs10750098 and rs12721030 are significantly associated with decreased serum APOA1 levels (P = 4.2 × 10-4 and P = 3.2 × 10-5, combined analysis), while a significant association was observed between serum APOA1 level and CHD (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64, P < .01) with adjustment for clinical covariates and different population sets. In vitro evaluation of potential function of non-coding variants between APOA1 and APOC3 demonstrated that rs10750098 as being the most sufficient to confer the haplotype-specific effect on the regulation of APOs gene transcription. Our results strongly implicate the involvement of common noncoding DNA variants in APOA5/A4/C3/A1 gene cluster in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and the risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Tian
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Senlin Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
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28
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Carpinelli MR, de Vries ME, Auden A, Butt T, Deng Z, Partridge DD, Miles LB, Georgy SR, Haigh JJ, Darido C, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP, Dworkin S, Jane SM. Inactivation of Zeb1 in GRHL2-deficient mouse embryos rescues mid-gestation viability and secondary palate closure. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm.042218. [PMID: 32005677 PMCID: PMC7104862 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects resulting from failure of the facial processes to fuse during development. The mammalian grainyhead-like (Grhl1-3) genes play key roles in a number of tissue fusion processes including neurulation, epidermal wound healing and eyelid fusion. One family member, Grhl2, is expressed in the epithelial lining of the first pharyngeal arch in mice at embryonic day (E)10.5, prompting analysis of the role of this factor in palatogenesis. Grhl2-null mice die at E11.5 with neural tube defects and a cleft face phenotype, precluding analysis of palatal fusion at a later stage of development. However, in the first pharyngeal arch of Grhl2-null embryos, dysregulation of transcription factors that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with a shift in RNA-splicing patterns that favours the generation of mesenchymal isoforms of numerous regulators. Driving the EMT perturbation is loss of expression of the EMT-suppressing transcription factors Ovol1 and Ovol2, which are direct GRHL2 targets. The expression of the miR-200 family of microRNAs, also GRHL2 targets, is similarly reduced, resulting in a 56-fold upregulation of Zeb1 expression, a major driver of mesenchymal cellular identity. The critical role of GRHL2 in mediating cleft palate in Zeb1−/− mice is evident, with rescue of both palatal and facial fusion seen in Grhl2−/−;Zeb1−/− embryos. These findings highlight the delicate balance between GRHL2/ZEB1 and epithelial/mesenchymal cellular identity that is essential for normal closure of the palate and face. Perturbation of this pathway may underlie cleft palate in some patients. Summary: Epithelial transcription factor GRHL2 is required for face closure while mesenchymal transcription factor ZEB1 is required for palate closure. Surprisingly, animals lacking both factors close their face and secondary palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael E de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alana Auden
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Darren D Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Lee B Miles
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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29
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Xie J, Lin LS, Huang XY, Gan RH, Ding LC, Su BH, Zhao Y, Lu YG, Zheng DL. The NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway regulates self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:598-610. [PMID: 32025208 PMCID: PMC6990919 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated a close relationship between the NOTCH signaling pathway and salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Its receptor gene, NOTCH1, and its downstream gene, HES1, contribute to the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of SACC. Accumulating evidence supports HEY1 as another effector of the signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of SACC cells. Our results verified that HEY1 is a specific molecular target of the NOTCH signaling pathway in SACC cells and that its expression in carcinoma is much higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues. The expression of NOTCH1 and HEY1 are positively correlated in the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. NOTCH1 is significantly related to the activation of HEY1 in SACC, and that HEY1 reciprocally regulates NOTCH1 expression in SACC. HEY1 promotes cell proliferation and spheroid formation and inhibits cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, HEY1 enhances the tumorigenicity of SACC in vivo. Furthermore, HEY1 increases cell invasion and metastasis by driving the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and MMPs. The results of this study indicate that the NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway is specifically upregulated in SACC and promotes cell proliferation, self-renewal, invasion, metastasis and the expression of EMT-related genes and MMPs. Our findings suggest that a NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway inhibitor might therefore have potential therapeutic applications in treating SACC patients by inhibiting cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Li-Song Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Rui-Huan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Lin-Can Ding
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Bo-Hua Su
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Department of pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
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30
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Malashicheva A, Kostina A, Kostareva A, Irtyuga O, Gordeev M, Uspensky V. Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms: A bridge between embryonic and adult states. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165631. [PMID: 31816439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are a "silent killer" with no evident clinical signs until the fatal outcome. Molecular and genetic bases of thoracic aortic aneurysms mainly include transforming growth factor beta signaling, smooth muscle contractile units and metabolism genes, and extracellular matrix genes. In recent studies, a role of Notch signaling, among other pathways, has emerged in disease pathogenesis. Notch is a highly conserved signaling pathway that regulates the development and differentiation of many types of tissues and influences major cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mutations in several Notch signaling components have been associated with a number of heart defects, demonstrating an essential role of Notch signaling both in cardiovascular system development and its maintenance during postnatal life. This review discusses the role of Notch signaling in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysms considering development and maintenance of the aortic root and how developmental regulations by Notch signaling may influence thoracic aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malashicheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskiy, 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University, Department of Embryology, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Kostina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskiy, 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Irtyuga
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Gordeev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Uspensky
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova, 2, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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31
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Weber S, Koschade SE, Hoffmann CM, Dubash TD, Giessler KM, Dieter SM, Herbst F, Glimm H, Ball CR. The notch target gene HEYL modulates metastasis forming capacity of colorectal cancer patient-derived spheroid cells in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1181. [PMID: 31796022 PMCID: PMC6892194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with localized disease have a favorable prognosis, the five-year-survival rate in patients with distant spread is still below 15%. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating metastasis formation is essential to develop therapeutic strategies targeting metastasized CRC. The notch pathway has been shown to be involved in the metastatic spread of various tumor entities; however, the impact of its target gene HEYL remains unclear so far. METHODS In this study, we functionally assessed the association between high HEYL expression and metastasis formation in human CRC. Therefore, we lentivirally overexpressed HEYL in two human patient-derived CRC cultures differing in their spontaneous metastasizing capacity and analyzed metastasis formation as well as tumor cell dissemination into the bone marrow after xenotransplantation into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. RESULTS HEYL overexpression decreased tumor cell dissemination and the absolute numbers of formed metastases in a sub-renal capsular spontaneous metastasis formation model, addressing all steps of the metastatic cascade. In contrast, metastatic capacity was not decreased following intrasplenic xenotransplantation where the cells are placed directly into the blood circulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HEYL negatively regulates metastasis formation in vivo presumably by inhibiting intravasation of metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Koschade
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher M Hoffmann
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taronish D Dubash
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klara M Giessler
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Dieter
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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32
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Abstract
Cardiogenesis is a complex developmental process involving multiple overlapping stages of cell fate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Precise spatiotemporal coordination between the different cardiogenic processes is ensured by intercellular signalling crosstalk and tissue-tissue interactions. Notch is an intercellular signalling pathway crucial for cell fate decisions during multicellular organismal development and is aptly positioned to coordinate the complex signalling crosstalk required for progressive cell lineage restriction during cardiogenesis. In this Review, we describe the role of Notch signalling and the crosstalk with other signalling pathways during the differentiation and patterning of the different cardiac tissues and in cardiac valve and ventricular chamber development. We examine how perturbation of Notch signalling activity is linked to congenital heart diseases affecting the neonate and adult, and discuss studies that shed light on the role of Notch signalling in heart regeneration and repair after injury.
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33
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Hasten E, Morrow BE. Tbx1 and Foxi3 genetically interact in the pharyngeal pouch endoderm in a mouse model for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008301. [PMID: 31412026 PMCID: PMC6709926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and Foxi3, both required for segmentation of the pharyngeal apparatus (PA) to individual arches, genetically interact. We found that all Tbx1+/-;Foxi3+/- double heterozygous mouse embryos had thymus and parathyroid gland defects, similar to those in 22q11.2DS patients. We then examined Tbx1 and Foxi3 heterozygous, null as well as conditional Tbx1Cre and Sox172A-iCre/+ null mutant embryos. While Tbx1Cre/+;Foxi3f/f embryos had absent thymus and parathyroid glands, Foxi3-/- and Sox172A-iCre/+;Foxi3f/f endoderm conditional mutant embryos had in addition, interrupted aortic arch type B and retroesophageal origin of the right subclavian artery, which are all features of 22q11.2DS. Tbx1Cre/+;Foxi3f/f embryos had failed invagination of the third pharyngeal pouch with greatly reduced Gcm2 and Foxn1 expression, thereby explaining the absence of thymus and parathyroid glands. Immunofluorescence on tissue sections with E-cadherin and ZO-1 antibodies in wildtype mouse embryos at E8.5-E10.5, revealed that multilayers of epithelial cells form where cells are invaginating as a normal process. We noted that excessive multilayers formed in Foxi3-/-, Sox172A-iCre/+;Foxi3f/f as well as Tbx1 null mutant embryos where invagination should have occurred. Several genes expressed in the PA epithelia were downregulated in both Tbx1 and Foxi3 null mutant embryos including Notch pathway genes Jag1, Hes1, and Hey1, suggesting that they may, along with other genes, act downstream to explain the observed genetic interaction. We found Alcam and Fibronectin extracellular matrix proteins were reduced in expression in Foxi3 null but not Tbx1 null embryos, suggesting that some, but not all of the downstream mechanisms are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hasten
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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34
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Aquila G, Kostina A, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Shlyakhto E, Kostareva A, Marracino L, Ferrari R, Rizzo P, Malaschicheva A. The Notch pathway: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:695-710. [PMID: 31304807 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1641198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The Notch pathway is involved in determining cell fate during development and postnatally in continuously renewing tissues, such as the endothelium, the epithelium, and in the stem cells pool. The dysregulation of the Notch pathway is one of the causes of limited response, or resistance, to available cancer treatments and novel therapeutic strategies based on Notch inhibition are being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies in oncology. A large body of evidence now shows that the dysregulation of the Notch pathway is also involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Areas covered: This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involving Notch which underlie heart failure, aortic valve calcification, and aortic aneurysm. Expert opinion: Despite the existence of preventive, pharmacological and surgical interventions approaches, CVDs are the first causes of mortality worldwide. The Notch pathway is becoming increasingly recognized as being involved in heart failure, aortic aneurysm and aortic valve calcification, which are among the most common global causes of mortality due to CVDs. As already shown in cancer, the dissection of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involving Notch should pave the way for new strategies to prevent and cure these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Aleksandra Kostina
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | | | - Eugeniy Shlyakhto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia
| | - Luisa Marracino
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research , Cotignola , Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research , Cotignola , Italy.,Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Anna Malaschicheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences , St-Petersburg , Russia.,Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
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35
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Noguchi YT, Nakamura M, Hino N, Nogami J, Tsuji S, Sato T, Zhang L, Tsujikawa K, Tanaka T, Izawa K, Okada Y, Doi T, Kokubo H, Harada A, Uezumi A, Gessler M, Ohkawa Y, Fukada SI. Cell-autonomous and redundant roles of Hey1 and HeyL in muscle stem cells: HeyL requires Hes1 to bind diverse DNA sites. Development 2019; 146:dev.163618. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The undifferentiated state of muscle stem (satellite) cells (MuSCs) is maintained by the canonical Notch pathway. Although three bHLH transcriptional factors, Hey1, HeyL, and Hes1, are considered to be potential effectors of the Notch pathway exerting anti-myogenic effects, neither HeyL nor Hes1 inhibits myogenic differentiation of myogenic cell lines. Furthermore, whether these factors work redundantly or cooperatively is unknown. Here, we showed cell-autonomous functions of Hey1 and HeyL in MuSCs using conditional and genetic null mice. Analysis of cultured MuSCs revealed anti-myogenic activity of both HeyL and Hes1. We found that HeyL forms heterodimeric complexes with Hes1 in living cells. Moreover, our ChIP-Seq experiments demonstrated that, compared with HeyL alone, HeyL-Hes1 heterodimer bound with high affinity to specific sites in the chromatin including the cis-element of Hey1. Finally, the analyses of myogenin promoter activity showed that HeyL and Hes1 acted synergistically to suppress myogenic differentiation. Collectively, those results suggest that HeyL and Hey1 function redundantly in MuSCs, and that HeyL requires Hes1 for effective DNA binding and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-taro Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Nogami
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Izawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute / Biocenter, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Borlepawar A, Frey N, Frank D. Editorial commentary: Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition and G protein-coupled receptors: A novel possibility for cardiac regeneration? Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:205-206. [PMID: 30268649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Borlepawar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel D-24105, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/ Kiel/ Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel D-24105, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/ Kiel/ Lübeck, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel D-24105, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/ Kiel/ Lübeck, Germany.
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37
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Jiang T, Huang M, Jiang T, Gu Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Ma H, Jin G, Dai J, Hu Z. Genome-wide compound heterozygosity analysis highlighted 4 novel susceptibility loci for congenital heart disease in Chinese population. Clin Genet 2018; 94:296-302. [PMID: 29774522 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have achieved great success in deciphering the genetic cause of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the heritability of CHD remains to be clarified, and numerous genetic factors responsible for occurrence of CHD are yet unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide search for relaxed forms of compound heterozygosity (CH) in association with CHD using our existing GWAS data including 2265 individuals (957 CHD cases and 1308 controls). CollapsABEL was used to iteratively test the association between the CH genotype and the CHD phenotype in a sliding window manner. We highlighted 17 genetic loci showing suggestive CH-like associations with CHD (P < 5 × 10-8 ), among which 4 genetic loci had expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects in blood (PeQTL < 0.01). After conditional association analysis, each loci had only 1 independently effective signal reaching the significance threshold (rs2071477/rs3129299 at 6p21.32, P = 2.47 × 10-10 ; rs10773097/rs2880921 at 12q24.31, P = 3.30 × 10-8 ; rs73032040/rs7259476 at 19q13.11, P = 1.14 × 10-8 ; rs10416386/rs4239517 at 19q13.31, P = 1.15 × 10-9 ), together explained 7.83% of the CHD variance. Among these 4 associated loci, outstanding candidates for CHD-associated genes included UBC, CFM2, ZNF302, LYPD3 and CADM4. Although replication studies with larger sample size are warranted, the first CH GWAS of CHD may extend our current knowledge of the genetic contributions to CHD in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zanotti S, Yu J, Adhikari S, Canalis E. Glucocorticoids inhibit notch target gene expression in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6016-6023. [PMID: 29575203 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids in excess suppress osteoblast function and cause osteoporosis. We demonstrated that cortisol induces the expression of selected Notch receptors in osteoblasts, revealing a potential mechanism for the skeletal effects of glucocorticoids. However, it remains to be determined whether increased expression of Notch receptors results into enhanced signaling. Following activation of Notch, its intracellular domain (NICD) binds to the DNA-associated protein recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa-J region (RBPJ) and induces the expression of target genes such as Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL. To determine whether glucocorticoids modulate Notch signaling in the skeleton, 1 month old wild-type mice were administered prednisolone or placebo and sacrificed after 72 h, and gene expression was analyzed in femoral bone. Prednisolone induced Tsc22d3, a glucocorticoid target gene, and suppressed Hey1 and HeyL expression, which is indicative of inhibited Notch receptor activity or direct Hey downregulation. To determine the mechanisms of Hey suppression, wild-type osteoblast-enriched cells were seeded on the Notch cognate ligand Delta-like (DLL)1 or transfected with constructs expressing the NOTCH1 NICD fragment and exposed to either cortisol or vehicle. Cortisol opposed the induction of mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA for Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL by DLL1, but had no effect on mRNA stability, indicating that glucocorticoids inhibit Hey expression by transcriptional mechanisms. Transactivation studies and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that cortisol did not oppose RBPJ-mediated transcription or RBPJ/DNA interactions, respectively. In conclusion, glucocorticoids suppress expression of Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL in osteoblasts by RBPJ-independent transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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Abstract
Comprehensive genomic analyses have been performed for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), revealing a significant rate of NOTCH1 mutations and identifying NOTCH1 as the second most frequently mutated gene after TP53. Most NOTCH1 mutations are considered inactivating, indicating that NOTCH1 is a tumor suppressor gene. On the other hand, cohorts from Asian populations with HNSCC have shown activating NOTCH1 mutations. HNSCC with NOTCH1 mutations have a worse prognosis than the NOTCH1 wild-type tumors. Additional data on other NOTCH family members have shown that NOTCH promotes HNSCC progression. NOTCH family members, including NOTCH pathway genes, are upregulated in HNSCC compared with normal tissues, and inhibition of the NOTCH pathway decreases cell proliferation and invasion. NOTCH activity in HNSCC is therefore contextual, and NOTCH in HNSCC is considered to have a bimodal role as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene. In this review, recent understandings of NOTCH pathway genes, including NOTCH genes, in HNSCC are described. In addition, the implications of NOTCH pathway alteration for HNSCC-specific NOTCH-targeted cancer therapy are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukusumi
- 1 Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J A Califano
- 1 Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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Fukusumi T, Guo TW, Sakai A, Ando M, Ren S, Haft S, Liu C, Amornphimoltham P, Gutkind JS, Califano JA. The NOTCH4- HEY1 Pathway Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:619-633. [PMID: 29146722 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recently, several comprehensive genomic analyses demonstrated NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in approximately 20% of cases. Similar to other types of cancers, these studies also indicate that the NOTCH pathway is closely related to HNSCC progression. However, the role of NOTCH4 in HNSCC is less well understood.Experimental Design: We analyzed NOTCH4 pathway and downstream gene expression in the TCGA data set. To explore the functional role of NOTCH4, we performed in vitro proliferation, cisplatin viability, apoptosis, and cell-cycle assays. We also compared the relationships among NOTCH4, HEY1, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes using the TCGA data set and in vitro assays.Results:HEY1 is specifically upregulated in HNSCC compared with normal tissues in the TCGA data set. NOTCH4 is more significantly related to HEY1 activation in HNSCC in comparison with other NOTCH receptors. NOTCH4 promotes cell proliferation, cisplatin resistance, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell-cycle dysregulation. Furthermore, NOTCH4 and HEY1 upregulation resulted in decreased E-cadherin expression and increased Vimentin, Fibronectin, TWIST1, and SOX2 expression. NOTCH4 and HEY1 expression was associated with an EMT phenotype as well as increased invasion and cell migration.Conclusions: In HNSCC, the NOTCH4-HEY1 pathway is specifically upregulated, induces proliferation and cisplatin resistance, and promotes EMT. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 619-33. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Theresa W Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sunny Haft
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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41
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Chai H, Yan Z, Huang K, Jiang Y, Zhang L. MicroRNA expression, target genes, and signaling pathways in infants with a ventricular septal defect. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:171-187. [PMID: 28822034 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between miRNA expression and the occurrence of ventricular septal defect (VSD), and characterize the miRNA target genes and pathways that can lead to VSD. The miRNAs that were differentially expressed in blood samples from VSD and normal infants were screened and validated by implementing miRNA microarrays and qRT-PCR. The target genes regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using three target gene databases. The functions and signaling pathways of the target genes were enriched using the GO database and KEGG database, respectively. The transcription and protein expression of specific target genes in critical pathways were compared in the VSD and normal control groups using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the VSD group had 22 differentially expressed miRNAs; 19 were downregulated and three were upregulated. The 10,677 predicted target genes participated in many biological functions related to cardiac development and morphogenesis. Four target genes (mGLUR, Gq, PLC, and PKC) were involved in the PKC pathway and four (ECM, FAK, PI3 K, and PDK1) were involved in the PI3 K-Akt pathway. The transcription and protein expression of these eight target genes were significantly upregulated in the VSD group. The 22 miRNAs that were dysregulated in the VSD group were mainly downregulated, which may result in the dysregulation of several key genes and biological functions related to cardiac development. These effects could also be exerted via the upregulation of eight specific target genes, the subsequent over-activation of the PKC and PI3 K-Akt pathways, and the eventual abnormal cardiac development and VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Freire AG, Waghray A, Soares-da-Silva F, Resende TP, Lee DF, Pereira CF, Nascimento DS, Lemischka IR, Pinto-do-Ó P. Transient HES5 Activity Instructs Mesodermal Cells toward a Cardiac Fate. Stem Cell Reports 2017. [PMID: 28648899 PMCID: PMC5511108 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a role in specifying a cardiac fate but the downstream effectors remain unknown. In this study we implicate the Notch downstream effector HES5 in cardiogenesis. We show transient Hes5 expression in early mesoderm of gastrulating embryos and demonstrate, by loss and gain-of-function experiments in mouse embryonic stem cells, that HES5 favors cardiac over primitive erythroid fate. Hes5 overexpression promotes upregulation of the cardiac gene Isl1, while the hematopoietic regulator Scl is downregulated. Moreover, whereas a pulse of Hes5 instructs cardiac commitment, sustained expression after lineage specification impairs progression of differentiation to contracting cardiomyocytes. These findings establish a role for HES5 in cardiogenesis and provide insights into the early cardiac molecular network. Hes5 is expressed in the nascent mesoderm of gastrulating mouse embryos Hes5 knockdown enhances primitive erythropoiesis in mESCs A stage-specific pulse of Hes5 instructs preferential cardiac fate in mESCs Sustained Hes5 activation impairs differentiation to contracting cardiomyocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Freire
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Francisca Soares-da-Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Resende
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos-Filipe Pereira
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Veerman CC, Podliesna S, Tadros R, Lodder EM, Mengarelli I, de Jonge B, Beekman L, Barc J, Wilders R, Wilde AAM, Boukens BJ, Coronel R, Verkerk AO, Remme CA, Bezzina CR. The Brugada Syndrome Susceptibility Gene HEY2 Modulates Cardiac Transmural Ion Channel Patterning and Electrical Heterogeneity. Circ Res 2017. [PMID: 28637782 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Genome-wide association studies previously identified an association of rs9388451 at chromosome 6q22.3 (near HEY2) with Brugada syndrome. The causal gene and underlying mechanism remain unresolved. OBJECTIVE We used an integrative approach entailing transcriptomic studies in human hearts and electrophysiological studies in Hey2+/- (Hey2 heterozygous knockout) mice to dissect the underpinnings of the 6q22.31 association with Brugada syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS We queried expression quantitative trait locus data acquired in 190 human left ventricular samples from the genotype-tissue expression consortium for cis-expression quantitative trait locus effects of rs9388451, which revealed an association between Brugada syndrome risk allele dosage and HEY2 expression (β=+0.159; P=0.0036). In the same transcriptomic data, we conducted genome-wide coexpression analysis for HEY2, which uncovered KCNIP2, encoding the β-subunit of the channel underlying the transient outward current (Ito), as the transcript most robustly correlating with HEY2 expression (β=+1.47; P=2×10-34). Transcript abundance of Hey2 and the Ito subunits Kcnip2 and Kcnd2, assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, was higher in subepicardium versus subendocardium in both left and right ventricles, with lower levels in Hey2+/- mice compared with wild type. Surface ECG measurements showed less prominent J waves in Hey2+/- mice compared with wild-type. In wild-type mice, patch-clamp electrophysiological studies on cardiomyocytes from right ventricle demonstrated a shorter action potential duration and a lower Vmax in subepicardium compared with subendocardium cardiomyocytes, which was paralleled by a higher Ito and a lower sodium current (INa) density in subepicardium versus subendocardium. These transmural differences were diminished in Hey2+/- mice because of changes in subepicardial cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a role of HEY2 in the normal transmural electrophysiological gradient in the ventricle and provides compelling evidence that genetic variation at 6q22.31 (rs9388451) is associated with Brugada syndrome through a HEY2-dependent alteration of ion channel expression across the cardiac ventricular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C Veerman
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Svitlana Podliesna
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Rafik Tadros
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Berend de Jonge
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Leander Beekman
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Julien Barc
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Ronald Wilders
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Ruben Coronel
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (C.C.V., S.P., R.T., E.M.L., I.M., L.B., A.A.M.W., R.C., A.O.V., C.A.R., C.R.B.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (R.T.); Université de Montréal, Canada (R.T.); Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.d.J., R.W., B.J.B., A.O.V.); INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, L'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (J.B.); Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (A.A.M.W.); and Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute LIRYC, Université de Bordeaux, France (R.C.).
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Liu Z, Sanders AJ, Liang G, Song E, Jiang WG, Gong C. Hey Factors at the Crossroad of Tumorigenesis and Clinical Therapeutic Modulation of Hey for Anticancer Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:775-786. [PMID: 28468863 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gehao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Canalis E, Zanotti S. Hairy and Enhancer of Split-Related With YRPW Motif-Like (HeyL) Is Dispensable for Bone Remodeling in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1819-1826. [PMID: 28019674 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch induces Hairy Enhancer of Split (Hes)1 and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey) Hey1, Hey2 and Hey-like (HeyL) expression in osteoblasts, but it is not known whether any of these target genes mediates the effect of Notch in the skeleton. We demonstrated that Notch1 activation in osteoblasts/osteocytes induces Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL, but HeyL was induced to a greater extent than other target genes. To characterize HeyL null mice for their skeletal phenotype, microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometric analysis of HeyL null and sex-matched littermate controls was performed. µCT demonstrated modest cancellous bone osteopenia in 1 month old male mice and normal microarchitecture in 3 month old male HeyL null mice. Female HeyL null mice were not different from controls at either 1 or 3 months of age. Bone histomorphometry did not demonstrate differences between HeyL null mice of either sex and littermate controls. In conclusion, HeyL null mice do not exhibit an obvious skeletal phenotype demonstrating that HeyL is dispensable for skeletal homeostasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1819-1826, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
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Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors may be similar in certain CHD. It has been widely accepted that it is the cumulative effect of these risk factors that results in disease. Pulmonary atresia is a rare type of complex cyanotic CHD with a poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of pulmonary atresia is essential for future diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic approaches. In this article, we reviewed several related copy number variants and related genetic mutations, which were identified in patients with pulmonary atresia, including pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
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Iida H, Ishii Y, Kondoh H. Intrinsic lens potential of neural retina inhibited by Notch signaling as the cause of lens transdifferentiation. Dev Biol 2016; 421:118-125. [PMID: 27845051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic neural retinas of avians produce lenses under spreading culture conditions. This phenomenon has been regarded as a paradigm of transdifferentiation due to the overt change in cell type. Here we elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Retina-to-lens transdifferentiation occurs in spreading cultures, suggesting that it is triggered by altered cell-cell interactions. Thus, we tested the involvement of Notch signaling based on its role in retinal neurogenesis. Starting from E8 retina, a small number of crystallin-expressing lens cells began to develop after 20 days in control spreading cultures. By contrast, addition of Notch signal inhibitors to cultures after day 2 strongly promoted lens development beginning at day 11, and a 10-fold increase in δ-crystallin expression level. After Notch signal inhibition, transcription factor genes that regulate the early stage of eye development, Prox1 and Pitx3, were sequentially activated. These observations indicate that the lens differentiation potential is intrinsic to the neural retina, and this potential is repressed by Notch signaling during normal embryogenesis. Therefore, Notch suppression leads to lens transdifferentiation by disinhibiting the neural retina-intrinsic program of lens development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Iida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ishii
- Faculty of Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hisato Kondoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Faculty of Biosciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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Purushothaman P, Uppal T, Sarkar R, Verma SC. KSHV-Mediated Angiogenesis in Tumor Progression. Viruses 2016; 8:E198. [PMID: 27447661 PMCID: PMC4974533 DOI: 10.3390/v8070198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a malignant human oncovirus belonging to the gamma herpesvirus family. HHV-8 is closely linked to the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). KS is an invasive tumor of endothelial cells most commonly found in untreated HIV-AIDS or immuno-compromised individuals. KS tumors are highly vascularized and have abnormal, excessive neo-angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation of infected endothelial cells. KSHV directly induces angiogenesis in an autocrine and paracrine fashion through a complex interplay of various viral and cellular pro-angiogenic and inflammatory factors. KS is believed to originate due to a combination of KSHV's efficient strategies for evading host immune systems and several pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory stimuli. In addition, KSHV infection of endothelial cells produces a wide array of viral oncoproteins with transforming capabilities that regulate multiple host-signaling pathways involved in the activation of angiogenesis. It is likely that the cellular-signaling pathways of angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis modulate the rate of tumorigenesis induction by KSHV. This review summarizes the current knowledge on regulating KSHV-mediated angiogenesis by integrating the findings reported thus far on the roles of host and viral genes in oncogenesis, recent developments in cell-culture/animal-model systems, and various anti-angiogenic therapies for treating KSHV-related lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravinkumar Purushothaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Roni Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, 1664 N Virginia Street, MS 320, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as a Model for Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:710-27. [PMID: 26085192 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a significant health problem, with a growing population of survivors with chronic disease. Despite intense efforts to understand the genetic basis of CHD in humans, the etiology of most CHD is unknown. Furthermore, new models of CHD are required to better understand the development of CHD and to explore novel therapies for this patient population. In this review, we highlight the role that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes can serve to enhance our understanding of the development, pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets for CHD. We highlight the use of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to model gene regulatory interactions, cell-cell interactions and tissue interactions contributing to CHD. We further emphasize the importance of using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes as personalized research models. The use of hiPSCs presents an unprecedented opportunity to generate disease-specific cellular models, investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of disease and uncover new therapeutic targets for CHD.
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Abstract
Notch 1 to 4 receptors are important determinants of cell fate and function, and Notch signaling plays an important role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. After direct interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families, a series of cleavages release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus where it induces transcription of Notch target genes. Classic gene targets of Notch are hairy and enhancer of split (Hes) and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey). In cells of the osteoblastic lineage, Notch activation inhibits cell differentiation and causes cancellous bone osteopenia because of impaired bone formation. In osteocytes, Notch1 has distinct effects that result in an inhibition of bone resorption secondary to an induction of osteoprotegerin and suppression of sclerostin with a consequent enhancement of Wnt signaling. Notch1 inhibits, whereas Notch2 enhances, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Congenital disorders of loss- and gain-of-Notch function present with severe clinical manifestations, often affecting the skeleton. Enhanced Notch signaling is associated with osteosarcoma, and Notch can influence the invasive potential of carcinoma of the breast and prostate. Notch signaling can be controlled by the use of inhibitors of Notch activation, small peptides that interfere with the formation of a transcriptional complex, or antibodies to the extracellular domain of specific Notch receptors or to Notch ligands. In conclusion, Notch plays a critical role in skeletal development and homeostasis, and serious skeletal disorders can be attributed to alterations in Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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