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Kuriyama A, Nakamura S, Inokuchi Y, Abe H, Yasuda H, Hidaka Y, Nagaoka K, Soeda T, Shimazawa M, Hara H. The protective effect of anti-VEGF-A/Ang-2 bispecific antibody on retinal vein occlusion model mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176691. [PMID: 38821166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
(233/250) Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) causes macular edema and retinal ischemia resulting in visual field and vision loss. A bispecific antibody that blocks VEGF-A and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been recently launched and applied clinically to treat macular edema, but the role of Ang-2 in the pathogenesis of RVO is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the anti-VEGF-A/anti-Ang-2 bispecific antibody (BsAb) in a murine RVO model. By using RVO model mice, the expression of Ang-2 gene and protein was examined in the retina through real-time qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. A significant increase in Ang-2 was detected 1 day after occlusion. Immediately after occlusion, control IgG 400 μg/mL, anti-VEGF-A antibody 200 μg/mL, anti-Ang-2 antibody 200 μg/mL, and BsAb 400 μg/mL were intravitreally administered at 2 μL. Visual function was examined using electroretinograms, and apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining. Interestingly, BsAb partially suppressed the decrease in amplitude of a and b waves compared to control IgG. Anti-Ang-2 antibody and BsAb reduced apoptosis-positive cells 1 day after occlusion. Comprehensive gene expression profiles were also examined using RNA sequencing analysis. RNA sequencing analysis of the retinal tissues showed that BsAb suppressed expression of gene groups associated with inflammatory response and vascular development compared to anti-VEGF-A antibody. Taken together, higher expression of Ang-2 contributes to the pathophysiology of RVO, providing a possible mechanism for the efficacy of BsAb in suppressing retinal dysfunction in RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Kuriyama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Inokuchi
- Product Research Dept., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Abe
- Product Research Dept., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yasuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yae Hidaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Nagaoka
- Product Research Dept., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Soeda
- Product Research Dept., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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2
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Das P, Wang Y, Angom RS, Dredla B, Wang E, Jansen-West K, Badi M, Ross O, Meschia JF, Mukhopadhyay D. Changes in plasma concentrations of novel vascular and inflammatory biomarkers in obstructive sleep apnea patients pre- and post-stroke. Sleep Med 2024; 119:518-525. [PMID: 38805859 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly recognized as a common condition in the general population and causes significant OSA-associated morbidities including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events such as cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and stroke. METHODS In this study, using sensitive ELISA immunoassays, we measured subset of endothelial/vascular and inflammatory biomarkers as well as neurofilament light chain (NfL), a sensitive marker for neuroaxonal injury, using plasma from OSA patients post-stroke (Acute Cerebral Infarction (ACI), N = 26) to determine their usefulness as potential prognostic markers in disease progression. RESULTS Our results showed significantly increased plasma TNFα and NfL concentrations and decreased concentrations of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-AA) in post-stroke OSA patients with more severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). And after separating the patients based on sex, compared to females, male post-stroke OSA patients with severe WMHs have increased circulating levels of inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 and cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and significantly decreased levels of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) an important protein responsible for endothelial/vascular integrity functions. Importantly, in a subset of newly diagnosed OSA patients (without prior history of stroke), significantly increased plasma CXCL10 levels and decreased plasma Ang-1 levels were also readily observed when compared to healthy controls, indicating possible altered endothelial integrity and ongoing vascular inflammation in these newly diagnosed OSA patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study has identified a novel set of plasma biomarkers including PDGF-AA, CXCL10 and Ang-1 for their potential prognostic value for disease outcomes pre- and post-stroke in OSA patients and use as surrogate markers to measure efficacy of treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Brynn Dredla
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Karen Jansen-West
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mohammed Badi
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James F Meschia
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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3
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Chen-Li G, Martinez-Archer R, Coghi A, Roca JA, Rodriguez FJ, Acaba-Berrocal L, Berrocal MH, Wu L. Beyond VEGF: Angiopoietin-Tie Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2778. [PMID: 38792322 PMCID: PMC11122151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Complications from diabetic retinopathy such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) constitute leading causes of preventable vision loss in working-age patients. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of these complications, VEGF inhibitors have been the cornerstone of their treatment. Anti-VEGF monotherapy is an effective but burdensome treatment for DME. However, due to the intensive and burdensome treatment, most patients in routine clinical practice are undertreated, and therefore, their outcomes are compromised. Even in adequately treated patients, persistent DME is reported anywhere from 30% to 60% depending on the drug used. PDR is currently treated by anti-VEGF, panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or a combination of both. Similarly, a number of eyes, despite these treatments, continue to progress to tractional retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. Clearly there are other molecular pathways other than VEGF involved in the pathogenesis of DME and PDR. One of these pathways is the angiopoietin-Tie signaling pathway. Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) plays a major role in maintaining vascular quiescence and stability. It acts as a molecular brake against vascular destabilization and inflammation that is usually promoted by angiopoietin 2 (Ang2). Several pathological conditions including chronic hyperglycemia lead to Ang2 upregulation. Recent regulatory approval of the bi-specific antibody, faricimab, may improve long term outcomes in DME. It targets both the Ang/Tie and VEGF pathways. The YOSEMITE and RHINE were multicenter, double-masked, randomized non-inferiority phase 3 clinical trials that compared faricimab to aflibercept in eyes with center-involved DME. At 12 months of follow-up, faricimab demonstrated non-inferior vision gains, improved anatomic outcomes and a potential for extended dosing when compared to aflibercept. The 2-year results of the YOSEMITE and RHINE trials demonstrated that the anatomic and functional results obtained at the 1 year follow-up were maintained. Short term outcomes of previously treated and treatment-naive eyes with DME that were treated with faricimab during routine clinical practice suggest a beneficial effect of faricimab over other agents. Targeting of Ang2 has been reported by several other means including VE-PTP inhibitors, integrin binding peptide and surrobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genesis Chen-Li
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Rebeca Martinez-Archer
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | - Andres Coghi
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
| | | | | | - Luis Acaba-Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Lihteh Wu
- Asociados de Mácula Vitreo y Retina de Costa Rica, San José 60612, Costa Rica (R.M.-A.); (A.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, School of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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4
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McMullan RR, McAuley DF, O'Kane CM, Silversides JA. Vascular leak in sepsis: physiological basis and potential therapeutic advances. Crit Care 2024; 28:97. [PMID: 38521954 PMCID: PMC10961003 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterised by endothelial barrier dysfunction and impairment of normal microcirculatory function, resulting in a state of hypoperfusion and tissue oedema. No specific pharmacological therapies are currently used to attenuate microvascular injury. Given the prominent role of endothelial breakdown and microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis, there is a need for effective strategies to protect the endothelium. In this review we will discuss key mechanisms and putative therapeutic agents relevant to endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross R McMullan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jonathan A Silversides
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
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5
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Van Hulle C, Ince S, Okonkwo OC, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Love S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Scott Miners J. Elevated CSF angiopoietin-2 correlates with blood-brain barrier leakiness and markers of neuronal injury in early Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38182581 PMCID: PMC10770135 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breakdown of the neurovascular unit is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakiness contributing to cognitive decline and disease pathology in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vascular stability depends on angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1) signalling, antagonised by angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) expressed upon endothelial injury. We examined the relationship between CSF ANGPT-2 and CSF markers of BBB leakiness and core AD biomarkers across three independent cohorts: (i) 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls grouped according to their biomarker profile (i.e., AD cases t-tau > 400 pg/mL, p-tau > 60 pg/mL and Aβ42 < 550 pg/mL); (ii) 121 participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention or Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research study (84 participants cognitively unimpaired (CU) enriched for a parental history of AD, 20 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 with AD); (iii) a neurologically normal cohort aged 23-78 years with paired CSF and serum samples. CSF ANGPT-2, sPDGFRβ, albumin and fibrinogen levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. In cohort (i), CSF ANGPT-2 was elevated in AD and correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau181 but not Aβ42. ANGPT-2 also correlated positively with CSF sPDGFRβ and fibrinogen - markers of pericyte injury and BBB leakiness. In cohort (ii), CSF ANGPT-2 was highest in MCI and correlated with CSF albumin in the CU and MCI cohorts but not in AD. CSF ANGPT-2 also correlated with CSF t-tau and p-tau and with markers of neuronal injury (neurogranin and α-synuclein) and neuroinflammation (GFAP and YKL-40). In cohort (iii), CSF ANGPT-2 correlated strongly with the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Serum ANGPT-2 showed non-significant positive associations with CSF ANGPT-2 and the CSF/serum albumin ratio. Together, these data indicate that CSF and possibly serum ANGPT-2 is associated with BBB leakiness in early AD and is closely related to tau pathology and neuronal injury. The utility of serum ANGPT-2 as a biomarker of BBB damage in AD requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Selvi Ince
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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6
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Saravi B, Goebel U, Hassenzahl LO, Jung C, David S, Feldheiser A, Stopfkuchen-Evans M, Wollborn J. Capillary leak and endothelial permeability in critically ill patients: a current overview. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:96. [PMID: 38117435 PMCID: PMC10733291 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) represents a phenotype of increased fluid extravasation, resulting in intravascular hypovolemia, extravascular edema formation and ultimately hypoperfusion. While endothelial permeability is an evolutionary preserved physiological process needed to sustain life, excessive fluid leak-often caused by systemic inflammation-can have detrimental effects on patients' outcomes. This article delves into the current understanding of CLS pathophysiology, diagnosis and potential treatments. Systemic inflammation leading to a compromise of endothelial cell interactions through various signaling cues (e.g., the angiopoietin-Tie2 pathway), and shedding of the glycocalyx collectively contribute to the manifestation of CLS. Capillary permeability subsequently leads to the seepage of protein-rich fluid into the interstitial space. Recent insights into the importance of the sub-glycocalyx space and preserving lymphatic flow are highlighted for an in-depth understanding. While no established diagnostic criteria exist and CLS is frequently diagnosed by clinical characteristics only, we highlight more objective serological and (non)-invasive measurements that hint towards a CLS phenotype. While currently available treatment options are limited, we further review understanding of fluid resuscitation and experimental approaches to target endothelial permeability. Despite the improved understanding of CLS pathophysiology, efforts are needed to develop uniform diagnostic criteria, associate clinical consequences to these criteria, and delineate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Saravi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Goebel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars O Hassenzahl
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aarne Feldheiser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Huyssens-Stiftung/Knappschaft, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Stopfkuchen-Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jakob Wollborn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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7
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Mendoza RP, Momeni A, Saha N, Arshi J, Gabutan EC, Alejandro N, Zuretti A, Premsrirut PK, Nikolov DB. The Angiopoietin Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Inflammatory Processes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2940. [PMID: 38138084 PMCID: PMC10745910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral agent SARS-CoV-2 clearly affects several organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. Angiopoietins are involved in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) promotes vessel stabilization, while angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), which is usually expressed at low levels, is significantly elevated in inflammatory and angiogenic conditions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to induce defective angiogenesis via the activation of the Ang2 pathway. Vasculitis and vasculopathy are some of the defining features of moderate to severe COVID-19-associated systemic disease. We investigated the serum levels of angiopoietins, as well as interleukin-6 levels and anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG titers, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients across disease severity and healthy controls. Ang2 levels were elevated in COVID-19 patients across all severity compared to healthy controls, while Ang1 levels were decreased. The patients with adverse outcomes (death and/or prolonged hospitalization) had relatively lower and stable Ang1 levels but continuously elevated Ang2 levels, while those who had no adverse outcomes had increasing levels of both Ang1 and Ang2, followed by a decrease in both. These results suggest that the dynamic levels of Ang1 and Ang2 during the clinical course may predict adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Ang1 seems to play an important role in controlling Ang2-related inflammatory mechanisms in COVID-19 patients. IL-6 and anti-SARS-CoV2 spike protein IgG levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe disease. Our findings represent an informative pilot assessment into the role of the angiopoietin signaling pathway in the inflammatory response in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle P. Mendoza
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Amir Momeni
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Nayanendu Saha
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Juwairiya Arshi
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Elmer C. Gabutan
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Nichole Alejandro
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alejandro Zuretti
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; (E.C.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Prem K. Premsrirut
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
- Mirimus Inc., 760 Parkside Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11226, USA
| | - Dimitar B. Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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8
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Sharma A, Behl T, Sharma L, Shah OP, Yadav S, Sachdeva M, Rashid S, Bungau SG, Bustea C. Exploring the molecular pathways and therapeutic implications of angiogenesis in neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114693. [PMID: 37062217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to chronic neuro-inflammatory condition underlying neuropathic pain. It is generally linked with thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. It results due to injury or infection in the nervous system. The neuropathic pain spectrum covers a variety of pathophysiological states, mostly involved are ischemic injury viral infections associated neuropathies, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies, autoimmune disorders, traumatic origin, hereditary neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and channelopathies. In CNS, angiogenesis is evident in inflammation of neurons and pain in bone cancer. The role of chemokines and cytokines is dualistic; their aggressive secretion produces detrimental effects, leading to neuropathic pain. However, whether the angiogenesis contributes and exists in neuropathic pain remains doubtful. In the present review, we elucidated summary of diverse mechanisms of neuropathic pain associated with angiogenesis. Moreover, an overview of multiple targets that have provided insights on the VEGF signaling, signaling through Tie-1 and Tie-2 receptor, erythropoietin pathway promoting axonal growth are also discussed. Because angiogenesis as a result of these signaling, results in inflammation, we focused on the mechanisms of neuropathic pain. These factors are mainly responsible for the activation of post-traumatic regeneration of the PNS and CNS. Furthermore, we also reviewed synthetic and herbal treatments targeting angiogenesis in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, 248007 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Prakash Shah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173211, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain 00000, United Arab Emirates
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania.
| | - Cristiana Bustea
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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Abdul Ghani NA, Abdul Nasir NA, Lambuk L, Sadikan MZ, Agarwal R, Ramli N. The effect of palm oil-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction in preserving normal retinal vascular diameter in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:1587-1596. [PMID: 36622408 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with increased retinal expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and protein kinase C (PKC). Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been shown to reduce the expression vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in several experimental models. However, its effect against other angiogenic markers such as Ang-2 and PKC in rat model of diabetes remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TRF on the retinal vascular changes and Ang-2 and PKC expressions in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control rats (N) which received vehicle, and diabetic rats which either received vehicle (DV) or 100 mg/kg of TRF (DT). Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight). Treatments were given orally, once daily, for 12 weeks after confirmation of hyperglycaemia. Fundus photographs were captured at baseline, 6- and 12-week post-STZ injection and average diameter of retinal veins and arteries were measured. At 12-week post-STZ injection, rats were euthanised, and retinae were collected for measurement of Ang-2 and PKC gene and protein expressions. RESULTS Retinal venous and arterial diameters were significantly greater in DV compared to DT at week 12 post-STZ injection (p < 0.001 and < 0.05, respectively). The vessel diameter measurements in DT were comparable to N and this effect of TRF was associated with significantly lower Ang-2 and PKC gene and protein expressions compared to DV. CONCLUSION Oral TRF reduces the expression of retinal angiogenic markers and preserves the retinal vascular diameter of rats with STZ-induced DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliyana Ain Abdul Ghani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Eye Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Lidawani Lambuk
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfiqah Sadikan
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM), Bukit Baru, 75150, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlina Ramli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Eye Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Liberski S, Wichrowska M, Kocięcki J. Aflibercept versus Faricimab in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169424. [PMID: 36012690 PMCID: PMC9409486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are common retinal vascular diseases responsible for most blindness in the working-age and older population in developed countries. Currently, anti-VEGF agents that block VEGF family ligands, including ranibizumab, bevacizumab (off-label use), brolucizumab, and aflibercept, are the first-line treatment for nAMD and DME. However, due to the complex pathophysiological background of nAMD and DME, non-response, resistance during anti-VEGF therapy, and relapses of the disease are still observed. Moreover, frequent injections are a psychological and economic burden for patients, leading to inadequate adhesion to therapy and a higher risk of complications. Therefore, therapeutic methods are strongly needed to develop and improve, allowing for more satisfactory disease management and lower treatment burden. Currently, the Ang/Tie-2 pathway is a promising therapeutic target for retinal vascular diseases. Faricimab is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody for intravitreal use that can neutralize VEGF and Ang-2. Due to the prolonged activity, faricimab allows extending the interval between successive injections up to three or four months in nAMD and DME patients, which can be a significant benefit for patients and an alternative to implanted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Liberski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-723-675-258
| | - Małgorzata Wichrowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kocięcki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
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11
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Wang R, Yang M, Jiang L, Huang M. Role of Angiopoietin-Tie axis in vascular and lymphatic systems and therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106331. [PMID: 35772646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Angiopoietin (Ang)-Tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains (Tie) axis is an endothelial cell-specific ligand-receptor signaling pathway necessary for vascular and lymphatic development. The Ang-Tie axis is involved in regulating angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, vascular permeability, and inflammation to maintain vascular quiescence. Disruptions in the Ang-Tie axis are involved in many vascular and lymphatic system diseases and play an important role in physiological and pathological vascular conditions. Given recent advances in the Ang-Tie axis in the vascular and lymphatic systems, this review focuses on the multiple functions of the Ang-Tie axis in inflammation-induced vascular permeability, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, ocular angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. A summary of relevant therapeutic approaches to the Ang-Tie axis, including therapeutic antibodies, recombinant proteins and small molecule drugs are also discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide new hypotheses and identify potential therapeutic strategies based on the Ang-Tie signaling axis for the treatment of vascular and lymphatic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis & Thrombosis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA02215, United States
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China.
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12
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Hellenthal KEM, Brabenec L, Wagner NM. Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121935. [PMID: 35741064 PMCID: PMC9221661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity.
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13
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Lymphatic Tissue Bioengineering for the Treatment of Postsurgical Lymphedema. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040162. [PMID: 35447722 PMCID: PMC9025804 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is characterized by progressive and chronic tissue swelling and inflammation from local accumulation of interstitial fluid due to lymphatic injury or dysfunction. It is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life, and has limited treatment options. With better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of lymphedema and advances in tissue engineering technologies, lymphatic tissue bioengineering and regeneration have emerged as a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical lymphedema. Various strategies involving stem cells, lymphangiogenic factors, bioengineered matrices and mechanical stimuli allow more precisely controlled regeneration of lymphatic tissue at the site of lymphedema without subjecting patients to complications or iatrogenic injuries associated with surgeries. This review provides an overview of current innovative approaches of lymphatic tissue bioengineering that represent a promising treatment option for postsurgical lymphedema.
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14
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Cabrera-Becerra SE, Vera-Juárez G, García-Rubio VG, Ocampo-Ortega SA, Blancas-Napoles CM, Aguilera-Mendez A, Romero-Nava R, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. siRNA knockdown of Angiopoietin 2 significantly reduces neovascularization in diabetic rats. J Drug Target 2022; 30:673-686. [PMID: 35289235 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2052888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a disease that leads to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), which is associated with an increase of new vessels formation due to an overexpression of angiogenic factors, such as angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). The aim of this work was to design a siRNA targeting ANGPT2 to decrease the retinal neovascularization associated with PDR. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 325-375 g were used. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg i.p.). The siRNAs were designed, synthesized and administered intravitreally at the beginning of diabetes induction (t0), and after 4 weeks of diabetes evolution (t4), subsequently evaluated the retinal neovascularization (junctions and lacunarity) and ANGPT2 expression in the retina by RT-PCR, after 4 weeks of the siRNAs administration. The results showed that the administration of STZ produced significantly increases in blood glucose levels, retinal neovascularization (augmented junctions and lower lacunarity) and ANGPT2 expression, while the administration the ANGPT2-siRNAs at different groups (t0 and t4) reduces the junctions and increases the lacunarity in diabetic rats. Therefore, we conclude that the administration of siRNAs targeting ANGPT2 could be an option to decrease the retinal neovascularization associated with PDR and halt the progression of blindness caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Edith Cabrera-Becerra
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gerardo Vera-Juárez
- Laboratorio de neurofarmacología, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vanessa Giselle García-Rubio
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Adrián Ocampo-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Citlali Margarita Blancas-Napoles
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Asdrubal Aguilera-Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Hong
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Karabid NM, Wiedemann T, Gulde S, Mohr H, Segaran RC, Geppert J, Rohm M, Vitale G, Gaudenzi G, Dicitore A, Ankerst DP, Chen Y, Braren R, Kaissis G, Schilling F, Schillmaier M, Eisenhofer G, Herzig S, Roncaroli F, Honegger JB, Pellegata NS. Angpt2/Tie2 autostimulatory loop controls tumorigenesis. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14364. [PMID: 35266635 PMCID: PMC9081903 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive nonfunctioning (NF) pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are non‐resectable neoplasms associated with frequent relapses and significant comorbidities. As the current therapies of NF‐PitNETs often fail, new therapeutic targets are needed. The observation that circulating angiopoietin‐2 (ANGPT2) is elevated in patients with NF‐PitNET and correlates with tumor aggressiveness prompted us to investigate the ANGPT2/TIE2 axis in NF‐PitNETs in the GH3 PitNET cell line, primary human NF‐PitNET cells, xenografts in zebrafish and mice, and in MENX rats, the only autochthonous NF‐PitNET model. We show that PitNET cells express a functional TIE2 receptor and secrete bioactive ANGPT2, which promotes, besides angiogenesis, tumor cell growth in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. ANGPT2 stimulation of TIE2 in tumor cells activates downstream cell proliferation signals, as previously demonstrated in endothelial cells (ECs). Tie2 gene deletion blunts PitNETs growth in xenograft models, and pharmacological inhibition of Angpt2/Tie2 signaling antagonizes PitNETs in primary cell cultures, tumor xenografts in mice, and in MENX rats. Thus, the ANGPT2/TIE2 axis provides an exploitable therapeutic target in NF‐PitNETs and possibly in other tumors expressing ANGPT2/TIE2. The ability of tumor cells to coopt angiogenic signals classically viewed as EC‐specific expands our view on the microenvironmental cues that are essential for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninelia Minaskan Karabid
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wiedemann
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renu Chandra Segaran
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Geppert
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yiyao Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Kaissis
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Schillmaier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jürgen B Honegger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Retinopathy of prematurity: contribution of inflammatory and genetic factors. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1739-1763. [PMID: 35262882 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vasoproliferative disorder that represents an important cause of childhood visual impairment and blindness. Although oxidative stress has long been implicated in ROP etiology, other prenatal and perinatal factors are also involved. This review focuses on current research involving inflammation and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of ROP. Increasing evidence suggests that perinatal inflammation or infection contributes to ROP pathogenesis. Cytokines and chemokines with a fundamental role in inflammatory responses and that significantly contributing to angiogenesis are analyzed. Microglia cells, the retinal-resident macrophages, are crucial for retinal homeostasis, however, under sustained pathological stimuli release exaggerated amounts of inflammatory mediators and can promote pathological neovascularization. Current modulation of angiogenic cytokines, such as treatment with antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), has shown efficacy in the treatment of ocular neovascularization; however, some patients are refractory to anti-VEGF agents, suggesting that other angiogenic or anti-angiogenic cytokines need to be identified. Much evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute to the phenotypic variability of ROP. Several studies have implicated the involvement of candidate genes from different signaling pathways in the development of ROP. However, a genetic component with a major impact on ROP has not yet been discovered. Most studies have limitations and did not replicate results. Future research involving bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics may contribute to finding more genes associated with ROP and may allow discovering better solutions in the management and treatment of ROP.
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17
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Gu T, Hu K, Si X, Hu Y, Huang H. Mechanisms of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome after CAR-T treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1576. [PMID: 35871757 PMCID: PMC9787013 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment has revolutionized the landscape of cancer therapy with significant efficacy on hematologic malignancy, especially in relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, unexpected serious toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) still hamper its broad application. Clinical trials using CAR-T cells targeting specific antigens on tumor cell surface have provided valuable information about the characteristics of ICANS. With unclear mechanism of ICANS after CAR-T treatment, unremitting efforts have been devoted to further exploration. Clinical findings from patients with ICANS strongly indicated existence of overactivated peripheral immune response followed by endothelial activation-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, which triggers subsequent central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and neurotoxicity. Several animal models have been built but failed to fully replicate the whole spectrum of ICANS in human. Hopefully, novel and powerful technologies like single-cell analysis may help decipher the precise cellular response within CNS from a different perspective when ICANS happens. Moreover, multidisciplinary cooperation among the subjects of immunology, hematology, and neurology will facilitate better understanding about the complex immune interaction between the peripheral, protective barriers, and CNS in ICANS. This review elaborates recent findings about ICANS after CAR-T treatment from bed to bench, and discusses the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms that may promote effective management in the future. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Biomedical Engineering Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Gu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China,Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina,Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
| | - Kejia Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China,Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina,Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Si
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China,Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina,Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China,Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina,Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centerthe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China,Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouChina,Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouChina
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18
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Bounajem MT, Campbell RA, Denorme F, Grandhi R. Paradigms in chronic subdural hematoma pathophysiology: Current treatments and new directions. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:e134-e141. [PMID: 34538825 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are an increasingly common pathology encountered in a neurosurgical trauma practice. Although the operative and nonoperative management of CSDH has been studied extensively, the recurrence rate of CSDH remains high, with no significant decrease in recent years. We undertook a detailed assessment of the known pathophysiological mechanisms by which CSDHs recur to improve our ability to treat patients with this disease successfully. In this review of the literature from the PubMed and Scopus databases, we used the search terms "(pathophysiology) AND chronic subdural hematoma [tiab]" to identify pertinent reviews and articles in English. The results demonstrated a complex inflammatory response to subdural blood, which begins with the formation of a collagen neomembrane around the clot itself. Proinflammatory mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tissue necrosis factor α, matrix metalloproteinases, and basic fibroblast growth factor, then contribute to chronic microbleeding by promoting the formation of fragile, leaky blood vessels, and widening of gap junctions of existing vessels. It is evident that the lack of improvement in recurrence rate is due to pathological factors that are not entirely alleviated by simple subdural evacuation. Targeted approaches, such as middle meningeal artery embolization and anti-inflammatory therapies, have become increasingly common and require further prospective analysis to aid in the determination of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Bounajem
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center (M.T.B., R.G.), Molecular Medicine Program (R.A.C., F.D.); and Department of Internal Medicine (R.A.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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19
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Zhang YY, Ning BT. Signaling pathways and intervention therapies in sepsis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:407. [PMID: 34824200 PMCID: PMC8613465 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection. Over decades, advanced understanding of host-microorganism interaction has gradually unmasked the genuine nature of sepsis, guiding toward new definition and novel therapeutic approaches. Diverse clinical manifestations and outcomes among infectious patients have suggested the heterogeneity of immunopathology, while systemic inflammatory responses and deteriorating organ function observed in critically ill patients imply the extensively hyperactivated cascades by the host defense system. From focusing on microorganism pathogenicity, research interests have turned toward the molecular basis of host responses. Though progress has been made regarding recognition and management of clinical sepsis, incidence and mortality rate remain high. Furthermore, clinical trials of therapeutics have failed to obtain promising results. As far as we know, there was no systematic review addressing sepsis-related molecular signaling pathways and intervention therapy in literature. Increasing studies have succeeded to confirm novel functions of involved signaling pathways and comment on efficacy of intervention therapies amid sepsis. However, few of these studies attempt to elucidate the underlining mechanism in progression of sepsis, while other failed to integrate preliminary findings and describe in a broader view. This review focuses on the important signaling pathways, potential molecular mechanism, and pathway-associated therapy in sepsis. Host-derived molecules interacting with activated cells possess pivotal role for sepsis pathogenesis by dynamic regulation of signaling pathways. Cross-talk and functions of these molecules are also discussed in detail. Lastly, potential novel therapeutic strategies precisely targeting on signaling pathways and molecules are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Tao Ning
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Duran CL, Borriello L, Karagiannis GS, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Targeting Tie2 in the Tumor Microenvironment: From Angiogenesis to Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225730. [PMID: 34830883 PMCID: PMC8616247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dissemination of cancer cells from their original location to distant organs where they grow, a process called metastasis, causes more than 90% of cancer deaths. The identification of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and the development of anti-metastatic therapies are essential to increase patient survival. In recent years, targeting the tumor microenvironment has become a promising avenue to prevent both tumor growth and metastasis. As the tumor microenvironment contains not only cancer cells but also blood vessels, immune cells, and other non-cancerous cells, it is naïve to think that therapy only affects a single cell type in this complex environment. Here we review the importance, and ways to inhibit the function, of one therapeutic target: the receptor Tie2. Tie2 is a receptor present on the cell surface of several cell types within the tumor microenvironment and regulates tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis to distant organs. Abstract The Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in vascular endothelial cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor cells and has been a major focus of research in therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. The most extensively studied Tie2 ligands are Angiopoietin 1 and 2 (Ang1, Ang2). Ang1 plays a critical role in vessel maturation, endothelial cell migration, and survival. Ang2, depending on the context, may function to disrupt connections between the endothelial cells and perivascular cells, promoting vascular regression. However, in the presence of VEGF-A, Ang2 instead promotes angiogenesis. Tie2-expressing macrophages play a critical role in both tumor angiogenesis and the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to secondary sites. Therefore, Ang-Tie2 signaling functions as an angiogenic switch during tumor progression and metastasis. Here we review the recent advances and complexities of targeting Tie2 signaling in the tumor microenvironment as a possible anti-angiogenic, and anti-metastatic, therapy and describe its use in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L. Duran
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - George S. Karagiannis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Pathology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John S. Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (C.L.D.); (L.B.); (D.E.); (M.H.O.)
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
- Integrated Imaging Program, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Surgery, Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence:
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Cannabidiol Decreases Metalloproteinase Activity and Normalizes Angiogenesis Factor Expression in UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes from Psoriatic Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7624389. [PMID: 34691360 PMCID: PMC8528591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7624389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of psoriasis is associated with the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation leading to metabolic changes locally, in the skin cells, and systemically, in the blood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) on the basal plasma/keratinocyte levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and angiogenesis factors, as well as to evaluate the effect of CBD on these parameters in keratinocytes isolated from psoriatic/healthy individuals with and without in vitro irradiation by UVB. A quantitative chemiluminescent method of detection based on an ELISA protocol and zymography technique was used during analysis. It was shown that activity levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in PsA plasma were higher than in PsV. Changes in the proteolytic activity were accompanied by an increase in markers of angiogenesis (angiopoietin-2, HGF, VEGF, TNFα, PDGF, FGF), where in the specific case of angiopoietin-2 and TNFα, the overexpression in PsV was significantly stronger than in PsA. CBD application to keratinocytes partially restored levels of MMP-1/2/3/7 and TIMP-1/2 (in an effect which was particularly enhanced by UVB irradiation), as well as levels of the examined angiogenic factors except TNFα (levels of which were increased in psoriatic keratinocytes and decreased in healthy keratinocytes). Presented results indicate that CBD may be suggested as an antiangiogenic factor that reduces the proinflammatory action of UVB in psoriatic keratinocytes and partially has a protective effect for healthy keratinocytes.
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Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum angiopoietin-1 and -2 concentrations in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15502. [PMID: 34326408 PMCID: PMC8322335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biomarkers for detecting pulmonary hypertension (PH) have been reported. However, these biomarkers are deemed insufficient to detect PH in its early stages. We evaluated the utility of serum angiopoietin (ANGP), a glycoprotein related to angiogenesis, as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of PH. Patients with PH who underwent right-heart catheterization, were retrospectively studied. Serum concentrations of ANGP-1 and ANGP-2 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with PH (n = 32), those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) without PH (as a disease control, n = 75), and age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 60). Nineteen patients (59.4%) with PH had World Health Organization group 3 PH. Serum ANGP-2 concentration, but not ANGP-1, in patients with PH was significantly higher compared with that in HC (p = 0.025) and in patients with IPF without PH (p = 0.008). Serum ANGP-2 concentration in patients with PH positively and significantly correlated with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (r = 0.769, p < 0.001), right ventricular diameter on echocardiography (r = 0.565, p = 0.035), and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.449, p = 0.032) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.451, p = 0.031) on right-heart catheterization. ANGP-1 and ANGP-2 were expressed on lung vascular endothelial cells, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Patients with PH with higher ANGP-2 concentration (≥ 2.48 ng/mL) had significantly worse survival (p = 0.022). Higher ANGP-2 concentration was a significant worse prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 6.063, p = 0.037), while serum ANGP-1 concentration was not. In conclusion, serum ANGP-2 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in patients with PH, especially in patients with group 3 PH.
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Whelan IT, Moeendarbary E, Hoey DA, Kelly DJ. Biofabrication of vasculature in microphysiological models of bone. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34034238 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac04f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone contains a dense network of blood vessels that are essential to its homoeostasis, endocrine function, mineral metabolism and regenerative functions. In addition, bone vasculature is implicated in a number of prominent skeletal diseases, and bone has high affinity for metastatic cancers. Despite vasculature being an integral part of bone physiology and pathophysiology, it is often ignored or oversimplified inin vitrobone models. However, 3D physiologically relevant vasculature can now be engineeredin vitro, with microphysiological systems (MPS) increasingly being used as platforms for engineering this physiologically relevant vasculature. In recent years, vascularised models of bone in MPSs systems have been reported in the literature, representing the beginning of a possible technological step change in how bone is modelledin vitro. Vascularised bone MPSs is a subfield of bone research in its nascency, however given the impact of MPSs has had inin vitroorgan modelling, and the crucial role of vasculature to bone physiology, these systems stand to have a substantial impact on bone research. However, engineering vasculature within the specific design restraints of the bone niche is significantly challenging given the different requirements for engineering bone and vasculature. With this in mind, this paper aims to serve as technical guidance for the biofabrication of vascularised bone tissue within MPS devices. We first discuss the key engineering and biological considerations for engineering more physiologically relevant vasculaturein vitrowithin the specific design constraints of the bone niche. We next explore emerging applications of vascularised bone MPSs, and conclude with a discussion on the current status of vascularised bone MPS biofabrication and suggest directions for development of next generation vascularised bone MPSs.
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Establishment of a Potential Serum Biomarker Panel for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cholangiocarcinoma Using Decision Tree Algorithms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040589. [PMID: 33806004 PMCID: PMC8064492 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential biomarkers which include S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietin-2 have previously been shown to be effective for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) diagnosis. This study attempted to measure the sera levels of these biomarkers compared with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A total of 40 serum cases of CCA, gastrointestinal cancers (non-CCA), and healthy subjects were examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The panel of biomarkers was evaluated for their accuracy in diagnosing CCA and subsequently used as inputs to construct the decision tree (DT) model as a basis for binary classification. The findings showed that serum levels of S100A9, MUC5AC, and TGF-β1 were dramatically enhanced in CCA patients. In addition, 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity for CCA differentiation from healthy cases, and 70% sensitivity and 83% specificity for CCA versus non-CCA cases was obtained by a panel incorporating all five candidate biomarkers. In CCA patients with low CA19-9 levels, S100A9 might well be a complementary marker for improved diagnostic accuracy. The high levels of TGF-β1 and angiopoietin-2 were both associated with severe tumor stages and metastasis, indicating that they could be used as a reliable prognostic biomarkers panel for CCA patients. Furthermore, the outcome of the CCA burden from the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm using serial CA19-9 and S100A9 showed high diagnostic efficiency. In conclusion, results have shown the efficacy of CCA diagnosis and prognosis of the novel CCA-biomarkers panel examined herein, which may prove be useful in clinical settings.
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Concentrated Secretome of Adipose Stromal Cells Limits Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Injury in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040720. [PMID: 33804896 PMCID: PMC8063825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite vaccination and antivirals, influenza remains a communicable disease of high burden, with limited therapeutic options available to patients that develop complications. Here, we report the development and preclinical characterization of Adipose Stromal Cell (ASC) concentrated secretome (CS), generated by process adaptable to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) standards. We demonstrate that ASC-CS limits pulmonary histopathological changes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, protein leak, water accumulation, and arterial oxygen saturation (spO2) reduction in murine model of lung infection with influenza A virus (IAV) when first administered six days post-infection. The ability to limit lung injury is sustained in ASC-CS preparations stored at −80 °C for three years. Priming of the ASC with inflammatory factors TNFα and IFNγ enhances ASC-CS ability to suppress lung injury. IAV infection is associated with dramatic increases in programmed cell death ligand (PDL1) and angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2) levels. ASC-CS application significantly reduces both PDL1 and Angpt2 levels. Neutralization of PDL1 with anti-mouse PDL1 antibody starting Day6 onward effectively ablates lung PDL1, but only non-significantly reduces Angpt2 release. Most importantly, late-phase PDL1 neutralization results in negligible suppression of protein leakage and inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting that suppression of PDL1 does not play a critical role in ASC-CS therapeutic effects.
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Yoodee S, Peerapen P, Plumworasawat S, Thongboonkerd V. ARID1A knockdown in human endothelial cells directly induces angiogenesis by regulating angiopoietin-2 secretion and endothelial cell activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:1-13. [PMID: 33675830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a novel tumor suppressor gene found in several human cells and its loss/defect is commonly observed in many cancers. However, its roles in angiogenesis, which is one of the hallmarks for tumor progression, remained unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the direct effects of ARID1A knockdown in human endothelial cells by lentivirus-based short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) (shARID1A) on angiogenesis. Functional assays revealed that shARID1A significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration/invasion and endothelial tube formation compared with the control cells transfected with scramble shRNA (shControl). Additionally, the shARID1A-transfected cells had significantly increased podosome formation and secretion of angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), a key angiogenic factor. Moreover, neutralization of ANG2 with monoclonal anti-ANG2 antibody strongly reduced cell proliferation and migration/invasion and endothelial tube formation in the shARID1A-transfected cells. These findings indicate that down-regulation of ARID1A in human endothelial cells directly induces angiogenesis by regulating angiopoietin-2 secretion and endothelial cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Grant ZL, Whitehead L, Wong VH, He Z, Yan RY, Miles AR, Benest AV, Bates DO, Prahst C, Bentley K, Bui BV, Symons RC, Coultas L. Blocking endothelial apoptosis revascularizes the retina in a model of ischemic retinopathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4235-4251. [PMID: 32427589 PMCID: PMC7410052 DOI: 10.1172/jci127668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant, neovascular retinal blood vessel growth is a vision-threatening complication in ischemic retinal diseases. It is driven by retinal hypoxia frequently caused by capillary nonperfusion and endothelial cell (EC) loss. We investigated the role of EC apoptosis in this process using a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy, in which vessel closure and EC apoptosis cause capillary regression and retinal ischemia followed by neovascularization. Protecting ECs from apoptosis in this model did not prevent capillary closure or retinal ischemia. Nonetheless, it prevented the clearance of ECs from closed capillaries, delaying vessel regression and allowing ECs to persist in clusters throughout the ischemic zone. In response to hypoxia, these preserved ECs underwent a vessel sprouting response and rapidly reassembled into a functional vascular network. This alleviated retinal hypoxia, preventing subsequent pathogenic neovascularization. Vessel reassembly was not limited by VEGFA neutralization, suggesting it was not dependent on the excess VEGFA produced by the ischemic retina. Neutralization of ANG2 did not prevent vessel reassembly, but did impair subsequent angiogenic expansion of the reassembled vessels. Blockade of EC apoptosis may promote ischemic tissue revascularization by preserving ECs within ischemic tissue that retain the capacity to reassemble a functional network and rapidly restore blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Grant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, and
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, and
| | - Vickie Hy Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Y Yan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abigail R Miles
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew V Benest
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Prahst
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie Bentley
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beijer Laboratory for Gene and Neuroscience Research, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Ca Symons
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, and
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Urrutia AA, Guan N, Mesa‐Ciller C, Afzal A, Davidoff O, Haase VH. Inactivation of HIF-prolyl 4-hydroxylases 1, 2 and 3 in NG2-expressing cells induces HIF2-mediated neurovascular expansion independent of erythropoietin. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13547. [PMID: 32846048 PMCID: PMC7757172 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM NG2 cells in the brain are comprised of pericytes and NG2 glia and play an important role in the execution of cerebral hypoxia responses, including the induction of erythropoietin (EPO) in pericytes. Oxygen-dependent angiogenic responses are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), the activity of which is controlled by prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) dioxygenases and the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumour suppressor. However, the role of NG2 cells in HIF-regulated cerebral vascular homeostasis is incompletely understood. METHODS To examine the HIF/PHD/VHL axis in neurovascular homeostasis, we used a Cre-loxP-based genetic approach in mice and targeted Vhl, Epo, Phd1, Phd2, Phd3 and Hif2a in NG2 cells. Cerebral vasculature was assessed by immunofluorescence, RNA in situ hybridization, gene and protein expression analysis, gel zymography and in situ zymography. RESULTS Vhl inactivation led to a significant increase in angiogenic gene and Epo expression. This was associated with EPO-independent expansion of capillary networks in cortex, striatum and hypothalamus, as well as pericyte proliferation. A comparable phenotype resulted from the combined inactivation of Phd2 and Phd3, but not from Phd2 inactivation alone. Concomitant PHD1 function loss led to further expansion of the neurovasculature. Genetic inactivation of Hif2a in Phd1/Phd2/Phd3 triple mutant mice resulted in normal cerebral vasculature. CONCLUSION Our studies establish (a) that HIF2 activation in NG2 cells promotes neurovascular expansion and remodelling independently of EPO, (b) that HIF2 activity in NG2 cells is co-controlled by PHD2 and PHD3 and (c) that PHD1 modulates HIF2 transcriptional responses when PHD2 and PHD3 are inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A. Urrutia
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital de Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La PrincesaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Nan Guan
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Division of NephrologyHuashan Hospital and Nephrology Research InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Claudia Mesa‐Ciller
- Unidad de Investigación Hospital de Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La PrincesaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Aqeela Afzal
- Department of NeurosurgeryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Olena Davidoff
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Volker H. Haase
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Division of Integrative PhysiologyDepartment of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversitetUppsalaSweden
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Program in Cancer BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
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Helaine C, Ferré AE, Leblond MM, Pérès EA, Bernaudin M, Valable S, Petit E. Angiopoietin-2 Combined with Radiochemotherapy Impedes Glioblastoma Recurrence by Acting in an Autocrine and Paracrine Manner: A Preclinical Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123585. [PMID: 33266255 PMCID: PMC7760857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence in response to conventional treatments consisting of tumor resection and radiochemotherapy (RCT). The reasons for this therapeutic failure are mainly due to the complexity of GB biology and its environment. GB progression is highly dependent on its vascularization and inflammatory status. Besides, evidence showed that RCT also induces vascular change and inflammation. In GB patients, Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), biomarker of poor prognosis is a crucial angiogenic factor also involved in inflammation. Our aim was to clarify the role of Ang2 in RCT-induced changes in the GB environment. To this end, we generated Ang2-overexpressing GL261 cells and characterized tumor progression, as well as inflammation and vascularization, in response to RCT. We showed that Ang2 delays tumor recurrence and makes a lasting improvement in animal survival when combined with conventional RCT. Abstract (1) We wanted to assess the impact of Ang2 in RCT-induced changes in the environment of glioblastoma. (2) The effect of Ang2 overexpression in tumor cells was studied in the GL261 syngeneic immunocompetent model of GB in response to fractionated RCT. (3) We showed that RCT combined with Ang2 led to tumor clearance for the GL261-Ang2 group by acting on the tumor cells as well as on both vascular and immune compartments. (4) In vitro, Ang2 overexpression in GL261 cells exposed to RCT promoted senescence and induced robust genomic instability, leading to mitotic death. (5) Coculture experiments of GL261-Ang2 cells with RAW 264.7 cells resulted in a significant increase in macrophage migration, which was abrogated by the addition of soluble Tie2 receptor. (6) Together, these preclinical results showed that, combined with RCT, Ang2 acted in an autocrine manner by increasing GB cell senescence and in a paracrine manner by acting on the innate immune system while modulating the vascular tumor compartment. On this preclinical model, we found that an ectopic expression of Ang2 combined with RCT impedes tumor recurrence.
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Selvaraju V, Thirunavukkarasu M, Joshi M, Oriowo B, Shaikh IA, Rishi MT, Tapias L, Coca-Soliz V, Saad I, Campbell J, Pradeep SR, Swaminathan S, Yee SP, McFadden DW, Alexander Palesty J, Maulik N. Deletion of newly described pro-survival molecule Pellino-1 increases oxidative stress, downregulates cIAP2/NF-κB cell survival pathway, reduces angiogenic response, and thereby aggravates tissue function in mouse ischemic models. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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31
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Yu X, Ye F. Role of Angiopoietins in Development of Cancer and Neoplasia Associated with Viral Infection. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020457. [PMID: 32085414 PMCID: PMC7072744 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin/tyrosine protein kinase receptor Tie-2 signaling in endothelial cells plays an essential role in angiogenesis and wound healing. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) is crucial for blood vessel maturation while angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), in collaboration with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), initiates angiogenesis by destabilizing existing blood vessels. In healthy people, the Ang-1 level is sustained while Ang-2 expression is restricted. In cancer patients, Ang-2 level is elevated, which correlates with poor prognosis. Ang-2 not only drives tumor angiogenesis but also attracts infiltration of myeloid cells. The latter rapidly differentiate into tumor stromal cells that foster tumor angiogenesis and progression, and weaken the host’s anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, through integrin signaling, Ang-2 induces expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) to promote tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Many oncogenic viruses induce expression of Ang-2 to promote development of neoplasia associated with viral infection. Multiple Ang-2 inhibitors exhibit remarkable anti-tumor activities, further highlighting the importance of Ang-2 in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +086-27-88661237 (X.Y.); +216-368-8892 (F.Y.)
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (F.Y.); Tel.: +086-27-88661237 (X.Y.); +216-368-8892 (F.Y.)
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Abstract
Lethal features of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) relate to the health of small blood vessels. For example, alveolar infiltration with proteinaceous fluid is often driven by breach of the microvascular barrier. Spontaneous thrombus formation within inflamed microvessels exacerbates organ ischemia, and in its final stages, erupts into overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Disruption of an endothelial signaling axis, the Angiopoietin-Tie2 pathway, may mediate the abrupt transition from microvascular integrity to pathologic disruption. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical results that implicate the Tie2 pathway as a promising target to restore microvascular health in sepsis and ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey D Sack
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN330C, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, CRISMA Center, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3347 Forbes Avenue, Suite 220, Room 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Samir M Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN330C, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Nicolini G, Forini F, Kusmic C, Iervasi G, Balzan S. Angiopoietin 2 signal complexity in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Life Sci 2019; 239:117080. [PMID: 31756341 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The angiopoietin signal transduction system is a complex of vascular-specific kinase pathways that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Angiopoietin1 (Ang1) and 2 (Ang2), the ligand proteins of the pathway, belong to a family of glycoproteins that signal primarily through the transmembrane Tyrosine-kinase-2 receptor. Despite a considerable sequence homology, Ang1 and Ang2 manifest antagonistic effects in pathophysiological conditions. While Ang1 promotes the activation of survival pathways and the stabilization of the normal mature vessels, Ang2 can either favor vessel destabilization and leakage or promote abnormal EC proliferation in a context-dependent manner. Altered Ang1/Ang2 balance has been reported in various pathological conditions in association with inflammation and deregulated angiogenesis. In particular, increased Ang2 levels have been documented in human cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including ischemic myocardial injury, heart failure and other cardiovascular complications secondary to diabetes, chronic renal damage and hypertension. Despite the obvious phenotypic differences, CVD and cancer share some common Ang2-dependent etiopathological mechanisms such as inflammation, epithelial (or endothelial) to mesenchymal transition, and adverse vascular network remodeling. Interestingly, both cancer and CVD are negatively affected by thyroid hormone dyshomeostasis. This review provides an overview of the complex Ang2-dependent signaling involved in CVD and cancer, as well as a survey of the related clinical literature. Moreover, on the basis of recent molecular acquisitions in an experimental model of post ischemic cardiac disease, the putative novel role of the thyroid hormone in the regulation of Ang1/Ang2 balance is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Forini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvana Balzan
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Michalska-Jakubus M, Cutolo M, Smith V, Krasowska D. Imbalanced serum levels of Ang1, Ang2 and VEGF in systemic sclerosis: Integrated effects on microvascular reactivity. Microvasc Res 2019; 125:103881. [PMID: 31075243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Microangiopathy is a hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc). It is a progressive process from an early inflammatory and proangiogenic environment to insufficient microvascular repair with loss of microvessels. The exact underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Aim of the study was to investigate whether imbalanced angiopoietins/VEGF serum profile should be related in SSc to the altered microvascular reactivity characterized by aberrant angiogenesis and avascularity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum levels of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and VEGF were measured by ELISA in 47 SSc patients and 27 healthy controls. Microvascular alterations were assessed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC). RESULTS Serum concentrations of Ang1 were significantly lower [mean (S.D.): 21516.04 (11,441.035) pg/ml], and Ang2 significantly increased [25,89.55 (934.225) pg/ml] in SSc as compared with the control group [Ang1: 28,457.08 (10,431.905) pg/ml; Ang2: 1556.23 (481.255) pg/ml, p < 0.01, respectively], whereas VEGF did not differ significantly. The ratios of Ang1/Ang2 and Ang1/VEGF were significantly lower in SSc patients (8.346 ± 4.523 and 95.17 ± 75.0, respectively) than in healthy subjects (17.612 ± 6.731 p < 0.000001 and 183.11 ± 137.73; p = 0.004]. Formation of giant capillaries with vascular leakage and collapse was associated with significant increase in VEGF and concomitant Ang1 deficiency. Capillary loss was related to significant increase in VEGF with respect to those with preserved capillary number (395.12 ± 256.27 pg/mL vs. 254.80 ± 213.61 pg/mL) whereas elevated Ang2 levels induced more advanced capillary damage as indicated by the presence of the "Late" NVC pattern. CONCLUSIONS We found that serum levels of Ang1, Ang2 and VEGF are differentially expressed in SSc and altered Ang1/Ang2 profile might underlay the aberrant angiogenesis in SSc despite increase in VEGF. For the first time we identified that significant deficiency of Ang1 might be involved in early capillary enlargement, followed by collapse and lack of stable newly-formed vessels in VEGF-enriched environment, whereas Ang2 levels seem to increase later in disease progression and advanced microvascular damage ("Late" NVC pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Michalska-Jakubus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Kunze R, Marti HH. Angioneurins - Key regulators of blood-brain barrier integrity during hypoxic and ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 178:101611. [PMID: 30970273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity leading to vasogenic edema and brain swelling is a common feature of hypoxic/ischemic brain diseases such as stroke, but is also central to the etiology of other CNS disorders. In the past decades, numerous proteins, belonging to the family of angioneurins, have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke, but also other CNS diseases attributed to BBB dysfunction. Angioneurins encompass mediators that affect both neuronal and vascular function. Recently, increasing evidence has been accumulated that certain angioneurins critically determine disease progression and outcome in stroke among others through multifaceted effects on the compromised BBB. Here, we will give a concise overview about the family of angioneurins. We further describe the most important cellular and molecular components that contribute to structural integrity and low permeability of the BBB under steady-state conditions. We then discuss BBB alterations in ischemic stroke, and highlight underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. For the most prominent angioneurin family members including vascular endothelial growth factors, angiopoietins, platelet-derived growth factors and erythropoietin, we will summarize current scientific literature from experimental studies in animal models, and if available from clinical trials, on the following points: (i) spatiotemporal expression of these factors in the healthy and hypoxic/ischemic CNS, (ii) impact of loss- or gain-of-function during cerebral hypoxia/ischemia for BBB integrity and beyond, and (iii) potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we will highlight novel therapeutic strategies based on the activation of endogenous angioneurins that might improve BBB dysfuntion during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Kunze
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Abstract
Angiogenic blood vessel growth is essential to ensure organs receive adequate blood supply to support normal organ function and homeostasis. Angiogenesis involves a complex series of cellular events through which new vessels grow out from existing vasculature. Growth factor signaling, layered over a range of other signaling inputs, orchestrates this process. The response of endothelial cells (ECs) to growth factor signals must be carefully controlled through feedback mechanisms to prevent excessive vessel growth, remodeling or destabilization. In this article, we summarize recent findings describing how ECs respond to growth factor signals during blood vessel development and homeostasis and how perturbation of these responses can lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Grant
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Australia
- b Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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37
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Leligdowicz A, Richard-Greenblatt M, Wright J, Crowley VM, Kain KC. Endothelial Activation: The Ang/Tie Axis in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:838. [PMID: 29740443 PMCID: PMC5928262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a dysregulated host response to infection that causes life-threatening organ dysfunction, is a highly heterogeneous syndrome with no specific treatment. Although sepsis can be caused by a wide variety of pathogenic organisms, endothelial dysfunction leading to vascular leak is a common mechanism of injury that contributes to the morbidity and mortality associated with the syndrome. Perturbations to the angiopoietin (Ang)/Tie2 axis cause endothelial cell activation and contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis. In this review, we summarize how the Ang/Tie2 pathway is implicated in sepsis and describe its prognostic as well as therapeutic utility in life-threatening infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leligdowicz
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Richard-Greenblatt
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Wright
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie M Crowley
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Uemura A. Pharmacologic management of diabetic retinopathy. J Biochem 2018; 163:3-9. [PMID: 28992234 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in working-age populations, primarily attributable to retinal vascular hyperpermeability, hypoperfusion, and neoangiogenesis. In the past decade, laser photocoagulation and surgical interventions to treat DR have been replaced by topical administrations of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroids. Although these drugs have revolutionized clinical management of DR, their limited efficacy and adverse effects have raised an increasing demand for new drug development. Meanwhile, mouse retinas have been prevalently employed as an experimental model system for angiogenic research, which has greatly contributed to the understanding of general principles in vascular biology. Therefore, clinical ophthalmology and basic research have complimentarily accumulated invaluable information for DR drug discovery. This review highlights the current pharmacologic management of DR, the utility of experimental mouse retinal models, and the perspectives on new drugs targeting the angioepoitin-Tie2 signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Cortes-Santiago N, Hossain MB, Gabrusiewicz K, Fan X, Gumin J, Marini FC, Alonso MM, Lang F, Yung WK, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C. Soluble Tie2 overrides the heightened invasion induced by anti-angiogenesis therapies in gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16146-57. [PMID: 26910374 PMCID: PMC4941303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma recurrence after treatment with the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent bevacizumab is characterized by a highly infiltrative and malignant behavior that renders surgical excision and chemotherapy ineffective. Our group has previously reported that Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) are aberrantly present at the tumor/normal brain interface after anti-VEGF therapies and their significant role in the invasive outgrowth of these tumors. Here, we aimed to further understand the mechanisms leading to this pro-invasive tumor microenvironment. Examination of a U87MG xenogeneic glioma model and a GL261 murine syngeneic model showed increased tumor expression of angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a natural ligand of Tie2, after anti-angiogenesis therapies targeting VEGF or VEGF receptor (VEGFR), as assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of tumor lysates. Migration and gelatinolytic assays showed that Ang2 acts as both a chemoattractant of TEMs and an enhancing signal for their tumor-remodeling properties. Accordingly, in vivo transduction of Ang2 into intracranial gliomas increased recruitment of TEMs into the tumor. To reduce invasive tumor outgrowth after anti-angiogenesis therapy, we targeted the Ang-Tie2 axis using a Tie2 decoy receptor. Using syngeneic models, we observed that overexpression of soluble Tie2 within the tumor prevented the recruitment of TEMs to the tumor and the development of invasion after anti-angiogenesis treatment. Taken together, these data indicate an active role for the Ang2-Tie2 pathway in invasive glioma recurrence after anti-angiogenesis treatment and provide a rationale for testing the combined targeting of VEGF and Ang-Tie2 pathways in patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Cortes-Santiago
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad B Hossain
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konrad Gabrusiewicz
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank C Marini
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Frederick Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W K Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Minakshi R, Rahman S, Jan AT, Archana A, Kim J. Implications of aging and the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response on the molecular modality of breast cancer. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e389. [PMID: 29123254 PMCID: PMC5704197 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important subcellular organelle that is involved in numerous activities required to achieve and maintain functional proteins in addition to its role in the biosynthesis of lipids and as a repository of intracellular Ca2+. The inability of the ER to cope with protein folding beyond its capacity causes disturbances that evoke ER stress. Cells possess molecular mechanisms aimed at clearing unwanted cargo from the ER lumen as an adaptive response, but failing to do so navigates the system towards cell death. This systemic approach is called the unfolded protein response. Aging insults cells through various perturbations in homeostasis that involve curtailing ER function by mitigating the expression of its resident chaperones and enzymes. Here the unfolded protein response (UPR) cannot protect the cell due to the weakening of its protective arm, which exacerbates imbalanced homeostasis. Aging predisposed breast malignancy activates the UPR, but tumor cells maneuver the mechanistic details of the UPR, favoring tumorigenesis and thereby eliciting a treacherous condition. Tumor cells exploit UPR pathways via crosstalk involving various signaling cascades that usher tumor cells to immortality. This review aims to present a collection of data that can delineate the missing links of molecular signatures between aging and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Minakshi
- Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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41
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Khalaf N, Helmy H, Labib H, Fahmy I, El Hamid MA, Moemen L. Role of Angiopoietins and Tie-2 in Diabetic Retinopathy. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5031-5035. [PMID: 28979738 PMCID: PMC5614288 DOI: 10.19082/5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), soluble vascular endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor (Tie-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the serum of type 2 diabetic patients having non-proliferative (NPDR) or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS One hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this cross-sectional study. They were classified into 25 diabetic patients without retinopathy, 35 patients with NPDR and 40 PDR patients. The study was carried out in the outpatients clinic of the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt from August 2016 through May 2017. Serum VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptor levels were assayed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel (Version 10) using ANOVA, Harman's single factor test, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. RESULTS The serum levels of Ang-2 and VEGF were significantly elevated in NPDR groups and PDR group compared to diabetics without retinopathy groups (p<0.001). The serum levels of Ang-1 were significantly higher in the NPDR group compared to the diabetics without retinopathy groups (p<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between the PDR and diabetics without retinopathy groups. Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was the lowest in the PDR group compared to the NPDR and diabetics without retinopathy groups. The serum levels of Tie-2 were not significantly changed among the three studied groups, serum Ang-2 was positively correlated with VEGF and Tie-2 in the PDR and NPDR groups. CONCLUSION The angiopoietin/Tie system and VEGF are essential features in the commencement and development of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana Khalaf
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hazem Helmy
- Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany Labib
- Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman Fahmy
- Ophthalmology Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Abd El Hamid
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Leqaa Moemen
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
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42
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Saharinen P, Eklund L, Alitalo K. Therapeutic targeting of the angiopoietin-TIE pathway. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:635-661. [PMID: 28529319 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial angiopoietin (ANG)-TIE growth factor receptor pathway regulates vascular permeability and pathological vascular remodelling during inflammation, tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Drugs that target the ANG-TIE pathway are in clinical development for oncological and ophthalmological applications. The aim is to complement current vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer, wet age-related macular degeneration and macular oedema. The unique function of the ANG-TIE pathway in vascular stabilization also renders this pathway an attractive target in sepsis, organ transplantation, atherosclerosis and vascular complications of diabetes. This Review covers key aspects of the function of the ANG-TIE pathway in vascular disease and describes the recent development of novel therapeutics that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipsa Saharinen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Aapistie 5A, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Bohn KA, Adkins CE, Nounou MI, Lockman PR. Inhibition of VEGF and Angiopoietin-2 to Reduce Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer Burden. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:193. [PMID: 28443023 PMCID: PMC5387068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For metastases in the central nervous system, angiogenesis enhances metastatic potential and promotes progression. Primary factors which drive vessel growth are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-2. Preclinical models show inhibition of either factor reduces metastases spread and inhibits growth. This work sets out to answer two questions in a preclinical mouse model. First, whether the combined inhibition of VEGF and angiopoietin-2, reduces passive permeability and limits drug uptake into brain metastases; and second, whether this inhibition reduces metastases burden in brain. We observed combinatorial inhibition of VEGF and angiopoietin-2, decreased (p < 0.05) angiogenesis and vascular branching in an aortic ring assay and decreased (p < 0.05) endothelial wound closure times. Using a brain metastases of breast cancer model (induced by intracardiac injections of brain seeking MDA-MB-231Br cells or 4T1Br cells), we observed, similar to VEGF, angiopoetin-2 expression correlates to increased angiogenesis (p < 0.05) and increased lesion permeability. To determine efficacy, animals were administered bevacizumab plus L1-10 (angiopoietin inhibitor) twice per week until neurological symptoms developed. Lesion permeability significantly decreased by ∼50% (p < 0.05) compared to untreated lesions, but remained ∼25% greater (p < 0.0%) than brain. In subsequent experiments, animals were administered similar regimens but sacrificed on day 32. The number of metastatic lesions developed was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in the bevacizumab group (56%) and combination group (86%). Lesions’ size was reduced in bevacizumab treated lesions (∼67%) and bevacizumab and L1-10 treated lesions (∼78%) developing area < 0.5 mm2. In summary, combinatorial inhibition of VEGF and angiopoietin reduces lesion permeability and brain metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaci A Bohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, AmarilloTX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harding University, SearcyAR, USA
| | - Chris E Adkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, AmarilloTX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, MorgantownWV, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South University, SavannahGA, USA
| | - Mohamed I Nounou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, AmarilloTX, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Appalachian College of Pharmacy, OakwoodVA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria UniversityAlexandria, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, HartfordCT, USA
| | - Paul R Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, AmarilloTX, USA
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44
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Ogura S, Kurata K, Hattori Y, Takase H, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Hwang Y, Ahn S, Park I, Ikeda W, Kusuhara S, Fukushima Y, Nara H, Sakai H, Fujiwara T, Matsushita J, Ema M, Hirashima M, Minami T, Shibuya M, Takakura N, Kim P, Miyata T, Ogura Y, Uemura A. Sustained inflammation after pericyte depletion induces irreversible blood-retina barrier breakdown. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90905. [PMID: 28194443 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) of blood vessel walls cooperatively form a physical and chemical barrier to maintain neural homeostasis. However, in diabetic retinopathy (DR), the loss of PCs from vessel walls is assumed to cause breakdown of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) and subsequent vision-threatening vascular dysfunctions. Nonetheless, the lack of adequate DR animal models has precluded disease understanding and drug discovery. Here, by using an anti-PDGFRβ antibody, we show that transient inhibition of the PC recruitment to developing retinal vessels sustained EC-PC dissociations and BRB breakdown in adult mouse retinas, reproducing characteristic features of DR such as hyperpermeability, hypoperfusion, and neoangiogenesis. Notably, PC depletion directly induced inflammatory responses in ECs and perivascular infiltration of macrophages, whereby macrophage-derived VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) activated VEGFR1 in macrophages and VEGFR2 in ECs. Moreover, angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) upregulation and Tie1 downregulation activated FOXO1 in PC-free ECs locally at the leaky aneurysms. This cycle of vessel damage was shut down by simultaneously blocking VEGF, PlGF, and Angpt2, thus restoring the BRB integrity. Together, our model provides new opportunities for identifying the sequential events triggered by PC deficiency, not only in DR, but also in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Ogura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Hattori
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshina Ishiguro-Oonuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, and
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, and
| | - Inwon Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sentaro Kusuhara
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideto Sakai
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Faculty of Nursing, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen University, Kure, Japan
| | - Jun Matsushita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masanori Hirashima
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Phenotype Disease Analysis, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, and
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ogura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Jeong JH, Kim K, Lim D, Kim KH, Kim HS, Lee S, Song JH, Moon BG, Choy HE, Park SC. Microvasculature remodeling in the mouse lower gut during inflammaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39848. [PMID: 28045067 PMCID: PMC5206655 DOI: 10.1038/srep39848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging is defined as low-grade, chronic, systemic inflammation in aging, in the absence of overt infection. Age-associated deterioration of gastrointestinal function could be ascribed to the inflammaging, although evidence is yet to emerge. Here we show that microvessels in aging mouse intestine were progressively deprived of supportive structures, microvessel-associated pericytes and adherens junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and became leaky. This alteration was ascribed to up-regulation of angiopoetin-2 in microvascular endothelial cells. Up-regulation of the angiopoietin-2 was by TNF-α, originated from M2-like residential CD206+ macrophages, proportion of which increases as animal ages. It was concluded that antigenic burdens encountered in intestine throughout life create the condition of chronic stage of inflammation, which accumulates M2-like macrophages expressing TNF-α. The TNF-α induces vascular leakage to facilitate recruitment of immune cells into intestine under the chronic inflammatory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - KwangSoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hye Song
- Well Aging Research Center, SAIT. Suwon, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Gon Moon
- Well Aging Research Center, SAIT. Suwon, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, SAIT. Suwon, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.,Department of New Biology, Well Aging Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Tie2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor located predominantly on vascular endothelial cells that plays a central role in vascular stability. Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1), produced by perivascular cells, binds, clusters, and activates Tie2, leading to Tie2 autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. Activated Tie2 increases endothelial cell survival, adhesion, and cell junction integrity, thereby stabilizing the vasculature. Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt2) and vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) are negative regulators increased by hypoxia; they inactivate Tie2, destabilizing the vasculature and increasing responsiveness to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other inflammatory cytokines that stimulate vascular leakage and neovascularization. AKB-9778 is a small-molecule antagonist of VE-PTP which increases phosphorylation of Tie2 even in the presence of high Angpt2 levels. In preclinical studies, AKB-9778 reduced VEGF-induced leakage and ocular neovascularization (NV) and showed additive benefit when combined with VEGF suppression. In two clinical trials in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients, subcutaneous injections of AKB-9778 were safe and provided added benefit to VEGF suppression. Preliminary data suggest that AKB-9778 monotherapy improves diabetic retinopathy. These data suggest that Tie2 activation may be a valuable strategy to treat or prevent diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Campochiaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 815 Maumenee, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-9277, USA.
| | - Kevin G Peters
- Aerpio Therapeutics, 9987 Carver Road, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Truby LK, Topkara VK. Angiopoietin-2: marker or mediator of angiogenesis in continuous-flow left ventricular assist device patients? J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:3042-3045. [PMID: 28066578 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Truby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veli K Topkara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Richter MJ, Tiede SL, Sommer N, Schmidt T, Seeger W, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly R, Gall H. Circulating Angiopoietin-1 Is Not a Biomarker of Disease Severity or Prognosis in Pulmonary Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165982. [PMID: 27802345 PMCID: PMC5089726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has been linked to pulmonary hypertension (PH) in experimental studies. However, the clinical relevance of Ang-1 as a biomarker in PH remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic and clinical significance of Ang-1 in PH using data from the prospectively recruiting Giessen PH Registry. Methods Patients with suspected PH (without previous specific pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH] therapy) who underwent initial right heart catheterization (RHC) in our national referral center between July 2003 and May 2012 and who agreed to optional biomarker analysis were included if they were diagnosed with idiopathic PAH, connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH), PH due to left heart disease (PH-LHD), or chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH), or if PH was excluded by RHC (non-PH controls). The association of Ang-1 levels with disease severity (6-minute walk distance and pulmonary hemodynamics) was assessed using linear regression, and the impact of Ang-1 levels on transplant-free survival (primary endpoint) and clinical worsening was assessed using Kaplan—Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and Cox regression. Results 151 patients (39, 39, 32, and 41 with idiopathic PAH, CTD-PAH, PH-LHD, and CTEPH, respectively) and 41 non-PH controls were included. Ang-1 levels showed no significant difference between groups (p = 0.8), and no significant associations with disease severity in PH subgroups (p ≥ 0.07). In Kaplan—Meier analyses, Ang-1 levels (stratified by quartile) had no significant impact on transplant-free survival (p ≥ 0.27) or clinical worsening (p ≥ 0.51) in PH subgroups. Regression models found no significant association between Ang-1 levels and outcomes (p ≥ 0.31). ROC analyses found no significant cut-off that would maximize sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Despite a strong pathophysiological association in experimental studies, this first comprehensive analysis of Ang-1 in PH subgroups suggests that Ang-1 is not a predictive and clinically relevant biomarker in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jonas Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Kerckhoff Heart, Rheuma and Thoracic Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Svenja Lena Tiede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Kerckhoff Heart, Rheuma and Thoracic Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sabatino L, Kusmic C, Nicolini G, Amato R, Casini G, Iervasi G, Balzan S. T3 enhances Ang2 in rat aorta in myocardial I/R: comparison with left ventricle. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:139-49. [PMID: 27444191 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is important for recovery after tissue damage in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, and tri-iodothyronine (T3) has documented effects on angiogenesis. The angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor represent an essential system in angiogenesis controlling endothelial cell survival and vascular maturation. Recently, in a 3-day ischemia/reperfusion rat model, the infusion of a low dose of T3 improved the post-ischemic recovery of cardiac function.Adopting this model, our study aimed to investigate the effects of T3 on the capillary index and the expression of angiogenic genes as the angiopoietins 1/2 and tyrosine kinase receptor system, in the thoracic aorta and in the left ventricle. In the thoracic aorta, T3 infusion significantly improved the angiogenic sprouting and angiopoietin 2 expression. Instead, Sham-T3 group did not show any significant increment of capillary density and angiopoietin 2 expression. In the area at risk (AAR) of the left ventricle, T3 infusion did not increase capillary density but restored levels of angiopoietin 1, which were reduced in I/R group. Angiopoietin 2 levels were similar to Sham group and unchanged by T3 administration. In the remote zone, T3 induced a significant increment of both angiopoietin 1/2. In conclusion, T3 infusion induced a different response of angiopoietin 1/2 between the ventricle (the AAR and the remote zone) and the thoracic aorta, probably reflecting the different action of angiopoietin 1/2 in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Overall, these data suggest a new aspect of T3-mediated cardioprotection through angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosario Amato
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of BiologyUnit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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50
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Impact of angiopoietin-1 and -2 on clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2016; 114:18-26. [PMID: 27109807 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin (Ang) -1 and -2 are glycoproteins that play roles in vascular development, angiogenesis, and lung vascular permeability. Although the serum concentrations of Ang-1 and -2 have been evaluated in patients with sepsis, those in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have received less attention. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the clinical significance of Ang-1 and -2 in patients with IPF. METHODS Seventy-five patients with IPF were retrospectively studied. Serum concentrations of Ang-1 and -2 at diagnosis of IPF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships of the Ang-1 and -2 concentrations with pulmonary function test results, high-resolution computed tomography findings, histologic findings, occurrence of acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF), and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS The median patient age was 68 year-old and the median observation period was 44 months. IPF patients with high Ang-2 concentrations showed a significantly lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (2.28 vs. 2.69 L, respectively; p = 0.047) and lower percent diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLCO) (61.4 vs. 81.4%, respectively; p = 0.015) than patients with low Ang-2 concentrations. Serum Ang-2 concentrations were negatively correlated with %DLCO (r = -0.375, p = 0.021) and the change in %FVC in 12 months (r = -0.348, p = 0.043). The Ang-2 concentration was significantly higher in several patients with AE-IPF than in patients in stable condition (p = 0.011). Finally, patients with high Ang-2 concentrations showed a significantly worse prognosis than those with low Ang-2 concentrations (log-rank p = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that the serum Ang-2 concentration, but not the Ang-1 concentration, was a significant prognostic factor in patients with IPF (hazard ratio 1.439, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Increases in the serum Ang-2 concentration were associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with IPF.
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