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Tanaka K, Coutts SB, Joundi RA, Singh N, Uehara T, Ohara T, Koga M, Koge J, Toyoda K, Penn AM, Balshaw RF, Bibok MMB, Votova K, Smith EE, Minematsu K, Demchuk AM. Presenting Symptoms and Diffusion-Weighted MRI Positivity by Time After Transient Neurologic Events: A Pooled Analysis of 3 Cohort Studies. Neurology 2024; 102:e207846. [PMID: 38165379 PMCID: PMC10834141 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The association between focal vs nonfocal presenting symptom and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positivity in relation to onset-to-imaging time in patients with transient neurologic events remains unclear. We hypothesize that episodes consisting of focal symptoms would have proportionally higher DWI-positive imaging at later onset-to-imaging times. METHODS Patients with transient neurologic symptoms and a normal neurologic examination who had DWI in the combined data set of 3 cohort studies were included. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the association between each type of presenting symptom (motor weakness, speech impairment, sensory symptoms, vision loss, diplopia, gait instability, dizziness, headache, presyncope, and amnesia) and DWI positivity after adjusting for clinical variables (age, sex, history of stroke, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, symptoms duration [<10, 10-59, ≥60 minutes, or unclear], and study source). We stratified the results by onset-to-imaging time categories (<6 hours, 6-23 hours, and ≥24 hours). RESULTS Of the total 2,411 patients (1,345 male, median age 68 years), DWI-positive lesions were detected in 598 patients (24.8%). The prevalence of DWI positivity was highest in those with motor weakness (34.7%), followed by speech impairment (33.5%). In a multivariable analysis, the presence of motor weakness, speech impairment, and sensory symptoms was associated with DWI positivity, while vision loss and headache were associated with lower odds of DWI positivity, but nevertheless had 13.6% and 15.3% frequency of DWI positive. The odds of being DWI positive varied by onset-to-imaging time categories for motor weakness, with greater odds of being DWI positive at later imaging time (<6 hours: odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.87; 6-23 hours: OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.47-3.42; and ≥24 hours: OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.74-3.36; interaction p = 0.033). Associations of other symptoms with DWI positivity did not vary significantly by time categories. DISCUSSION We found that onset-to-imaging time influences the relationship between motor weakness and DWI positivity in patients with transient neurologic events. Compared with motor, speech, and sensory symptoms, visual or nonfocal symptoms carry a lower but still a substantive association with DWI positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tanaka
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Raed A Joundi
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Nishita Singh
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Tohiyuki Uehara
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Junpei Koge
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Andrew M Penn
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Robert F Balshaw
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Maximilian M B Bibok
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kristine Votova
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kazuo Minematsu
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences (K. Tanaka, S.B.C., N.S., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Radiology (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D), Community Health Sciences (S.B.C.), and Hotchikiss Brain Institute (S.B.C., E.E.S., A.M.D.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences (N.S.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Division of Neurology (R.A.J.), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University & Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (T.U., T.O., M.K., J.K., K. Toyoda, K.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Stroke Rapid Assessment Unit (A.M.P.), Island Health, Victoria; George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation (R.F.B.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; Department of Research and Capacity Building (M.M.B.), Island Health, Victoria; Island Health Regional Health Authority, Division of Medical Sciences (K.V.), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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2
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Takahashi Y, Yamamoto T, Oyama J, Sugihara G, Shirai Y, Tao S, Takigawa M, Sato H, Sasaki M, Hirakawa A, Takahashi H, Goya M, Sasano T. Increase in Cerebral Blood Flow After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1369-1377. [PMID: 36424004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found that atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Brain hypoperfusion is hypothesized as an underlying mechanism of cognitive decline in AF patients. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain volume after catheter ablation of AF. METHODS Patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF were enrolled in this prospective study. AF patients being treated with pharmaceuticals alone served as a control group. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and 6 months after catheter ablation. CBF was assessed by 2-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography. Brain volume and bilateral hippocampal volume were measured using FreeSurfer software. RESULTS Of the 57 study patients (age 64 ± 11 years; 45 men; paroxysmal AF: n = 22; nonparoxysmal AF: n = 35), 48 patients were freed from tachyarrhythmia recurrence beyond a 3-month blanking period. Changes in CBF and brain perfusion over 6 months were significantly greater in the study patients than control (CBF: 39.26 vs -34.86 mL; P = 0.01, ANCOVA; brain perfusion: 3.78 vs -3.02 mL/100 mL/min; P = 0.009, ANCOVA), while changes in total brain volume and bilateral hippocampal volume were similar between 2 groups (total brain volume: 2.57 vs -2.15 mL; P = 0.32, ANCOVA; bilateral hippocampal volume: 0.03 vs 0.04 mL; P = 0.8, ANCOVA). Nonparoxysmal AF at baseline was an independent predictor of an increase in CBF of >32.6 mL/min. CONCLUSIONS Catheter ablation of AF has favorable effects on CBF, particularly in nonparoxysmal AF. Our results may partially explain the association between cognitive decline and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masateru Takigawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanao Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Goya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Beekman R, Crawford A, Mazurek MH, Prabhat AM, Chavva IR, Parasuram N, Kim N, Kim JA, Petersen N, de Havenon A, Khosla A, Honiden S, Miller PE, Wira C, Daley J, Payabvash S, Greer DM, Gilmore EJ, Taylor Kimberly W, Sheth KN. Bedside monitoring of hypoxic ischemic brain injury using low-field, portable brain magnetic resonance imaging after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2022; 176:150-158. [PMID: 35562094 PMCID: PMC9746653 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of brain injury severity is critically important after survival from cardiac arrest (CA). Recent advances in low-field MRI technology have permitted the acquisition of clinically useful bedside brain imaging. Our objective was to deploy a novel approach for evaluating brain injury after CA in critically ill patients at high risk for adverse neurological outcome. METHODS This retrospective, single center study involved review of all consecutive portable MRIs performed as part of clinical care for CA patients between September 2020 and January 2022. Portable MR images were retrospectively reviewed by a blinded board-certified neuroradiologist (S.P.). Fluid-inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensities were measured in select regions of interest. RESULTS We performed 22 low-field MRI examinations in 19 patients resuscitated from CA (68.4% male, mean [standard deviation] age, 51.8 [13.1] years). Twelve patients (63.2%) had findings consistent with HIBI on conventional neuroimaging radiology report. Low-field MRI detected findings consistent with HIBI in all of these patients. Low-field MRI was acquired at a median (interquartile range) of 78 (40-136) hours post-arrest. Quantitatively, we measured FLAIR signal intensity in three regions of interest, which were higher amongst patients with confirmed HIBI. Low-field MRI was completed in all patients without disruption of intensive care unit equipment monitoring and no safety events occurred. CONCLUSION In a critically ill CA population in whom MR imaging is often not feasible, low-field MRI can be deployed at the bedside to identify HIBI. Low-field MRI provides an opportunity to evaluate the time-dependent nature of MRI findings in CA survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Beekman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Anna Crawford
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mercy H Mazurek
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anjali M Prabhat
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Isha R Chavva
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nethra Parasuram
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nils Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akhil Khosla
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shyoko Honiden
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P Elliott Miller
- Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles Wira
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Daley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily J Gilmore
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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McKenna M, Filteau JR, Butler B, Sluis K, Chungyoun M, Schimek N, Nance E. Organotypic whole hemisphere brain slice models to study the effects of donor age and oxygen-glucose-deprivation on the extracellular properties of cortical and striatal tissue. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:14. [PMID: 35698088 PMCID: PMC9195469 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain extracellular environment is involved in many critical processes associated with neurodevelopment, neural function, and repair following injury. Organization of the extracellular matrix and properties of the extracellular space vary throughout development and across different brain regions, motivating the need for platforms that provide access to multiple brain regions at different stages of development. We demonstrate the utility of organotypic whole hemisphere brain slices as a platform to probe regional and developmental changes in the brain extracellular environment. We also leverage whole hemisphere brain slices to characterize the impact of cerebral ischemia on different regions of brain tissue. RESULTS Whole hemisphere brain slices taken from postnatal (P) day 10 and P17 rats retained viable, metabolically active cells through 14 days in vitro (DIV). Oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD), used to model a cerebral ischemic event in vivo, resulted in reduced slice metabolic activity and elevated cell death, regardless of slice age. Slices from P10 and P17 brains showed an oligodendrocyte and microglia-driven proliferative response after OGD exposure, higher than the proliferative response seen in DIV-matched normal control slices. Multiple particle tracking in oxygen-glucose-deprived brain slices revealed that oxygen-glucose-deprivation impacts the extracellular environment of brain tissue differently depending on brain age and brain region. In most instances, the extracellular space was most difficult to navigate immediately following insult, then gradually provided less hindrance to extracellular nanoparticle diffusion as time progressed. However, changes in diffusion were not universal across all brain regions and ages. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate whole hemisphere brain slices from P10 and P17 rats can be cultured up to two weeks in vitro. These brain slices provide a viable platform for studying both normal physiological processes and injury associated mechanisms with control over brain age and region. Ex vivo OGD impacted cortical and striatal brain tissue differently, aligning with preexisting data generated in in vivo models. These data motivate the need to account for both brain region and age when investigating mechanisms of injury and designing potential therapies for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Jeremy R Filteau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Brendan Butler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Kenneth Sluis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Michael Chungyoun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA
| | - Nels Schimek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 105 Benson Hall, Box 351750, Seattle, WA, 98195-1750, USA. .,e-Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Snider SB, Fischer D, McKeown ME, Cohen AL, Schaper FLWVJ, Amorim E, Fox MD, Scirica B, Bevers MB, Lee JW. Regional Distribution of Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest: Clinical and Electrographic Correlates. Neurology 2022; 98:e1238-e1247. [PMID: 35017304 PMCID: PMC8967331 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disorders of consciousness, EEG background suppression, and epileptic seizures are associated with poor outcome after cardiac arrest. Our objective was to identify the distribution of diffusion MRI-measured anoxic brain injury after cardiac arrest and to define the regional correlates of disorders of consciousness, EEG background suppression, and seizures. METHODS We analyzed patients from a single-center database of unresponsive patients who underwent diffusion MRI after cardiac arrest (n = 204). We classified each patient according to recovery of consciousness (command following) before discharge, the most continuous EEG background (burst suppression vs continuous), and the presence or absence of seizures. Anoxic brain injury was measured with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) signal. We identified ADC abnormalities relative to controls without cardiac arrest (n = 48) and used voxel lesion symptom mapping to identify regional associations with disorders of consciousness, EEG background suppression, and seizures. We then used a bootstrapped lasso regression procedure to identify robust, multivariate regional associations with each outcome variable. Last, using area under receiver operating characteristic curves, we then compared the classification ability of the strongest regional associations to that of brain-wide summary measures. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients with cardiac arrest demonstrated ADC signal reduction that was most significant in the occipital lobes. Disorders of consciousness were associated with reduced ADC most prominently in the occipital lobes but also in deep structures. Regional injury more accurately classified patients with disorders of consciousness than whole-brain injury. Background suppression mapped to a similar set of brain regions, but regional injury could no better classify patients than whole-brain measures. Seizures were less common in patients with more severe anoxic injury, particularly in those with injury to the lateral temporal white matter. DISCUSSION Anoxic brain injury was most prevalent in posterior cerebral regions, and this regional pattern of injury was a better predictor of disorders of consciousness than whole-brain injury measures. EEG background suppression lacked a specific regional association, but patients with injury to the temporal lobe were less likely to have seizures. Regional patterns of anoxic brain injury are relevant to the clinical and electrographic sequelae of cardiac arrest and may hold importance for prognosis. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that disorders of consciousness after cardiac arrest are associated with widely lower ADC values on diffusion MRI and are most strongly associated with reductions in occipital ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Snider
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - David Fischer
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Morgan E McKeown
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Li Cohen
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frederic L W V J Schaper
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edilberto Amorim
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael D Fox
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin Scirica
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew B Bevers
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- From the Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, (S.B.S., D.F., M.E.M., M.B.B.), Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology (A.L.C., F.L.W.V.J.S., M.D.F.), Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.S.), and Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology (J.W.L.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (A.L.C.), Computational Radiology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Neurology (E.A.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco; Neurology Service (E.A.), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, CA; Departments of Neurology and Radiology (M.D.F.), Athinoula A. Martinos Centre for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; and Department of Neurology (M.D.F.), Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a wealth of information regarding the neonatal brain. Diffusion anisotropy values reflect changes in the microstructure that accompany early maturation of white and gray matter. In term neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, diffusion imaging provides a useful means of assessing brain injury during the first week of life. In preterm neonates, measures of white matter anisotropy provide information on the nature and extent of white matter disruption. Subsequently, diffusion MRI plays an important role in illuminating fundamental elements of brain development and fulfilling the clinical need to develop prognostic indicators for term and preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Neil
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8111, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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7
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Moretti R, Giuffré M, Caruso P, Gazzin S, Tiribelli C. Homocysteine in Neurology: A Possible Contributing Factor to Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042051. [PMID: 33669577 PMCID: PMC7922986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid generated during methionine metabolism, accumulation of which may be caused by genetic defects or the deficit of vitamin B12 and folate. A serum level greater than 15 micro-mols/L is defined as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Hcy has many roles, the most important being the active participation in the transmethylation reactions, fundamental for the brain. Many studies focused on the role of homocysteine accumulation in vascular or degenerative neurological diseases, but the results are still undefined. More is known in cardiovascular disease. HHcy is a determinant for the development and progression of inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque formation, endothelium, arteriolar damage, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and altered-oxidative stress response. Conversely, few studies focused on the relationship between HHcy and small vessel disease (SVD), despite the evidence that mice with HHcy showed a significant end-feet disruption of astrocytes with a diffuse SVD. A severe reduction of vascular aquaporin-4-water channels, lower levels of high-functioning potassium channels, and higher metalloproteinases are also observed. HHcy modulates the N-homocysteinylation process, promoting a pro-coagulative state and damage of the cellular protein integrity. This altered process could be directly involved in the altered endothelium activation, typical of SVD and protein quality, inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome system control. HHcy also promotes a constant enhancement of microglia activation, inducing the sustained pro-inflammatory status observed in SVD. This review article addresses the possible role of HHcy in small-vessel disease and understands its pathogenic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mauro Giuffré
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Paola Caruso
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Italian Liver Foundation, AREA SCIENCE PARK, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation, AREA SCIENCE PARK, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
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Moretti R, Caruso P. Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia: An Invalid Neurovascular Coupling? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1095. [PMID: 32046035 PMCID: PMC7036993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The arteriosclerosis-dependent alteration of brain perfusion is one of the major determinants in small vessel disease, since small vessels have a pivotal role in the brain's autoregulation. Nevertheless, as far as we know, endothelium distress can potentiate the flow dysregulation and lead to subcortical vascular dementia that is related to small vessel disease (SVD), also being defined as subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD), as well as microglia activation, chronic hypoxia and hypoperfusion, vessel-tone dysregulation, altered astrocytes, and pericytes functioning blood-brain barrier disruption. The molecular basis of this pathology remains controversial. The apparent consequence (or a first event, too) is the macroscopic alteration of the neurovascular coupling. Here, we examined the possible mechanisms that lead a healthy aging process towards subcortical dementia. We remarked that SVD and white matter abnormalities related to age could be accelerated and potentiated by different vascular risk factors. Vascular function changes can be heavily influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, which are, to the best of our knowledge, mostly unknown. Metabolic demands, active neurovascular coupling, correct glymphatic process, and adequate oxidative and inflammatory responses could be bulwarks in defense of the correct aging process; their impairments lead to a potentially catastrophic and non-reversible condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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9
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Moretti R, Peinkhofer C. B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5797. [PMID: 31752183 PMCID: PMC6888477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been written on vitamin supplementation, fatty acid, and dementia, but results are still under debate, and no definite conclusion has yet been drawn. Nevertheless, a significant amount of lab evidence confirms that vitamins of the B group are tightly related to gene control for endothelium protection, act as antioxidants, play a co-enzymatic role in the most critical biochemical reactions inside the brain, and cooperate with many other elements, such as choline, for the synthesis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine, through S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) methyl donation. B-vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties and act in protective roles against neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, through modulation of the glutamate currents and a reduction of the calcium currents. In addition, they also have extraordinary antioxidant properties. However, laboratory data are far from clinical practice. Many studies have tried to apply these results in everyday clinical activity, but results have been discouraging and far from a possible resolution of the associated mysteries, like those represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) or small vessel disease dementia. Above all, two significant problems emerge from the research: No consensus exists on general diagnostic criteria-MCI or AD? Which diagnostic criteria should be applied for small vessel disease-related dementia? In addition, no general schema exists for determining a possible correct time of implementation to have effective results. Here we present an up-to-date review of the literature on such topics, shedding some light on the possible interaction of vitamins and phosphatidylcholine, and their role in brain metabolism and catabolism. Further studies should take into account all of these questions, with well-designed and world-homogeneous trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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10
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Caruso P, Signori R, Moretti R. Small vessel disease to subcortical dementia: a dynamic model, which interfaces aging, cholinergic dysregulation and the neurovascular unit. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019; 15:259-281. [PMID: 31496716 PMCID: PMC6689673 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s190470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small vessels have the pivotal role for the brain’s autoregulation. The arteriosclerosis-dependent alteration of the brain perfusion is one of the major determinants in small vessel disease. Endothelium distress can potentiate the flow dysregulation and lead to subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). sVAD increases morbidity and disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that sVAD shares with cerebrovascular disease most of the common risk factors. The molecular basis of this pathology remains controversial. Purpose To detect the possible mechanisms between small vessel disease and sVAD, giving a broad vision on the topic, including pathological aspects, clinical and laboratory findings, metabolic process and cholinergic dysfunction. Methods We searched MEDLINE using different search terms (“vascular dementia”, “subcortical vascular dementia”, “small vessel disease”, “cholinergic afferents”, etc). Publications were selected from the past 20 years. Searches were extended to Embase, Cochrane Library, and LILIACS databases. All searches were done from January 1, 1998 up to January 31, 2018. Results A total of 560 studies showed up, and appropriate studies were included. Associations between traditional vascular risk factors have been isolated. We remarked that SVD and white matter abnormalities are seen frequently with aging and also that vascular and endothelium changes are related with age; the changes can be accelerated by different vascular risk factors. Vascular function changes can be heavily influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. Conclusion Small vessel disease and the related dementia are two pathologies that deserve attention for their relevance and impact in clinical practice. Hypertension might be a historical problem for SVD and SVAD, but low pressure might be even more dangerous; CBF regional selective decrease seems to be a critical factor for small vessel disease-related dementia. In those patients, endothelium damage is a super-imposed condition. Several issues are still debatable, and more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caruso
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Signori
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Winzeck S, Mocking SJT, Bezerra R, Bouts MJRJ, McIntosh EC, Diwan I, Garg P, Chutinet A, Kimberly WT, Copen WA, Schaefer PW, Ay H, Singhal AB, Kamnitsas K, Glocker B, Sorensen AG, Wu O. Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks Improves Automated Segmentation of Acute Ischemic Lesions Using Multiparametric Diffusion-Weighted MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:938-945. [PMID: 31147354 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accurate automated infarct segmentation is needed for acute ischemic stroke studies relying on infarct volumes as an imaging phenotype or biomarker that require large numbers of subjects. This study investigated whether an ensemble of convolutional neural networks trained on multiparametric DWI maps outperforms single networks trained on solo DWI parametric maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS Convolutional neural networks were trained on combinations of DWI, ADC, and low b-value-weighted images from 116 subjects. The performances of the networks (measured by the Dice score, sensitivity, and precision) were compared with one another and with ensembles of 5 networks. To assess the generalizability of the approach, we applied the best-performing model to an independent Evaluation Cohort of 151 subjects. Agreement between manual and automated segmentations for identifying patients with large lesion volumes was calculated across multiple thresholds (21, 31, 51, and 70 cm3). RESULTS An ensemble of convolutional neural networks trained on DWI, ADC, and low b-value-weighted images produced the most accurate acute infarct segmentation over individual networks (P < .001). Automated volumes correlated with manually measured volumes (Spearman ρ = 0.91, P < .001) for the independent cohort. For the task of identifying patients with large lesion volumes, agreement between manual outlines and automated outlines was high (Cohen κ, 0.86-0.90; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Acute infarcts are more accurately segmented using ensembles of convolutional neural networks trained with multiparametric maps than by using a single model trained with a solo map. Automated lesion segmentation has high agreement with manual techniques for identifying patients with large lesion volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Winzeck
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Division of Anaesthesia (S.W.), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S J T Mocking
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - R Bezerra
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - M J R J Bouts
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - E C McIntosh
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - I Diwan
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - P Garg
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - A Chutinet
- Departments of Neurology (A.C., W.T.K., H.A., A.B.S.).,Department of Medicine (A.C.), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W T Kimberly
- Departments of Neurology (A.C., W.T.K., H.A., A.B.S.)
| | - W A Copen
- Radiology (W.A.C., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P W Schaefer
- Radiology (W.A.C., P.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - H Ay
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Departments of Neurology (A.C., W.T.K., H.A., A.B.S.)
| | - A B Singhal
- Departments of Neurology (A.C., W.T.K., H.A., A.B.S.)
| | - K Kamnitsas
- Department of Computing (K.K., B.G.), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Glocker
- Department of Computing (K.K., B.G.), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A G Sorensen
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - O Wu
- From the Department of Radiology (S.W., S.J.T.M., R.B., M.J.R.J.B., E.C.M., I.D., P.G., H.A., A.G.S., O.W.), Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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12
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Diseases of connexins expressed in myelinating glia. Neurosci Lett 2019; 695:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Maetani Y, Nakamori M, Imamura E, Ishii Y, Aihara H, Suyama Y, Wakabayashi S, Maruyama H. Utility of Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Ratios in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score Regions for Deciding on Stroke Therapy. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1371-1380. [PMID: 30803784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Therapeutic indications for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and endovascular therapy need to be assessed for patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke. We investigated the relationship between the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient ratios in each Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score region and reversible lesion in patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and/or treated with endovascular therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 29 patients with first ischemic stroke due to stenosis/occlusion of the internal carotid artery or horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery that was successfully recanalized by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy and/or treated with endovascular therapy. We measured the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value in each Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score region (11 regions) and calculated the ratio. RESULTS There was a significant difference in minimum apparent diffusion coefficient ratios between regions that included and did not include infarction (P < .0001), which were distinguishable with a cutoff value of .808 (area under the curve = .80, P < .001). A statistical difference in the proportion of infarction with the cutoff value was observed between patients treated with endovascular therapy and receiving recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy alone (9.9% versus 24.6%, P = .0041) and between patients with affected middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries (7.0% versus 24.2%, P = .0002). The lowest apparent diffusion coefficient ratio was associated with the time to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection. CONCLUSIONS Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient ratios in Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions are useful in predicting therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Maetani
- Department of Neurology, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Eiji Imamura
- Department of Neurology, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshio Suyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suiseikai Kajikawa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Alegiani AC, MacLean S, Braass H, Gellißen S, Cho TH, Derex L, Hermier M, Berthezene Y, Nighoghossian N, Gerloff C, Fiehler J, Thomalla G. Dynamics of Water Diffusion Changes in Different Tissue Compartments From Acute to Chronic Stroke-A Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Front Neurol 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 30863361 PMCID: PMC6399390 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The immediate decrease of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is the main characteristic change of water diffusion in acute ischemic stroke. There is only limited information on the time course of diffusion parameters in different tissue compartments of cerebral ischemia. Materials and Methods: In a longitudinal study, we examined 21 patients with acute ischemic stroke by diffusion tensor imaging within 5 h after symptom onset, 3 h later, 2 days, and 1 month after symptom onset. Acute diffusion lesion and the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) after 2 days were used as volumes of interest to define persistent core, lesion growth, and reversible acute diffusion lesion. For all diffusion parameters ratios between the stroke lesion VOIs and the mirror VOIs were calculated for each time point. ADC ratio, fractional anisotropy ratios, and eigenvalues ratios were measured in these volumes of interest and in contralateral mirror regions at each time points. Results: In the persistent core, ADC ratio (0.772) and all eigenvalues ratios were reduced on admission up to 1 day after stroke and increased after 1 month (ADC ratio 1.067). Within the region of infarct growth time course of diffusion parameter changes was similar, but delayed. In the brain area with reversible diffusion lesion, a partial normalization of diffusion parameters over the time was observed, while after 1 month diffusion parameters did not show the signature of healthy brain tissue. There were significantly different trends for all parameters over time between the three tissue compartments. Conclusion: Diffusion tensor imaging displays characteristic changes of water diffusion in different tissue compartments over time in acute ischemic stroke. Even regions with reversible diffusion lesion show diffusion signatures of persisting tissue alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon MacLean
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Braass
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Gellißen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tae-Hee Cho
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Derex
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Hermier
- Department of Neuroradiology, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Park JE, Jung SC, Kim HS, Suh JY, Baek JH, Woo CW, Park B, Woo DC. Amide proton transfer-weighted MRI can detect tissue acidosis and monitor recovery in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model compared with a permanent occlusion model in rats. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:4096-4104. [PMID: 30666450 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether increases in amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted signal reflect the effects of tissue recovery from acidosis using transient rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models, compared to permanent occlusion models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats with MCAO (17 transient and seven permanent occlusions) were prepared. APT-weighted signal (APTw), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and MR spectroscopy were evaluated at three stages in each group (occlusion, reperfusion/1 h post-occlusion, and 3 h post-reperfusion/4 h post-occlusion). Deficit areas showing 30% reduction to the contralateral side were measured. Temporal changes were compared with repeated measures of analysis of variance. Relationship between APTw and lactate concentration was calculated. RESULTS Both APTw and CBF values increased and APTw deficit area reduced at reperfusion (largest p = .002) in transient occlusion models, but this was not demonstrated in permanent occlusion. No significant temporal change was demonstrated with ADC at reperfusion. APTw deficit area was between ADC and CBF deficit areas in transient occlusion model. APTw correlated with lactate concentration at occlusion (r = - 0.49, p = .04) and reperfusion (r = - 0.32, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS APTw values increased after reperfusion and correlated with lactate content, which suggests that APT-weighted MRI could become a useful imaging technique to reflect tissue acidosis and its reversal. KEY POINTS • APT-weighted signal increases in the tissue reperfusion, while remains stable in the permanent occlusion. • APTw deficit area was between ADC and CBF deficit areas in transient occlusion model, possibly demonstrating metabolic penumbra. • APTw correlated with lactate concentration during ischemia and reperfusion, indicating tissue acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seung Chai Jung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Suh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Baek
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woong Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Bumwoo Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 43 Olympic-ro 88, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
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16
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Orru' E, Huisman TAGM, Izbudak I. Prevalence, Patterns, and Clinical Relevance of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injuries in Children Exposed to Abusive Head Trauma. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:608-614. [PMID: 30125430 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxic-ischemic injuries (HIIs) are a scarcely investigated but important cause of morbidity and mortality in children who suffered abusive head trauma (AHT). The purpose of this study is to determine: (a) prevalence, types, and clinical relevance of cytotoxic edema compatible with HII in nonpenetrating AHT, (b) their relationship to other classic neuroimaging findings of AHT, and (c) their correlation with clinical outcomes. METHODS Diffusion-weighted imaging sequences of magnetic resonance imagings performed on children under 5 years diagnosed with AHT were reviewed to detect the most common patterns of acute parenchymal damage. Patterns of cytotoxic edema were described, and HII-compatible ones divided in subtypes. Correlation between HII, fractures, and subdural hemorrhages (SDHs) and with clinical outcomes was determined using imaging and available follow-up data. RESULTS Out of 57 patients, 36.8% showed lesions compatible with HII. A predominantly asymmetric cortical distribution was observed in 66.7% of cases, while 33.3% had diffused both cortical and deep gray/white matter distribution injury. Traumatic axonal injuries and focal contusions were less common. There was no significant correlation between the presence of SDH (P = .6) or skull fractures (P = .53) and HII. HII was the most severe form of parenchymal damage in terms of in-hospital mortality and morbidity at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS HII is the most common type of parenchymal damage in children victim of AHT, being present in 1/3 of patients with this condition, and correlates with more severe outcomes. Its presence is independent from other classic traumatic findings such as SDH and fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Orru'
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Izlem Izbudak
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Mandeville ET, Ayata C, Zheng Y, Mandeville JB. Translational MR Neuroimaging of Stroke and Recovery. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:22-32. [PMID: 27578048 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a critical clinical tool for diagnosing focal ischemic stroke severity, staging treatment, and predicting outcome. Imaging during the acute phase focuses on tissue viability in the stroke vicinity, while imaging during recovery requires the evaluation of distributed structural and functional connectivity. Preclinical MRI of experimental stroke models provides validation of non-invasive biomarkers in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms, while also providing a translational platform for evaluation of prospective therapies. This brief review of translational stroke imaging discusses the acute to chronic imaging transition, the principles underlying common MRI methods employed in stroke research, and the experimental results obtained by clinical and preclinical imaging to determine tissue viability, vascular remodeling, structural connectivity of major white matter tracts, and functional connectivity using task-based and resting-state fMRI during the stroke recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Joseph B Mandeville
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Bldg 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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18
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Zhai Y, Yamashita T, Nakano Y, Sun Z, Shang J, Feng T, Morihara R, Fukui Y, Ohta Y, Hishikawa N, Abe K. Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Accelerates Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology with Cerebrovascular Remodeling in a Novel Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:893-905. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Quantitative T2* mapping reveals early temporo-spatial dynamics in an ischemic stroke model. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 259:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Bouts MJRJ, Westmoreland SV, de Crespigny AJ, Liu Y, Vangel M, Dijkhuizen RM, Wu O, D'Arceuil HE. Magnetic resonance imaging-based cerebral tissue classification reveals distinct spatiotemporal patterns of changes after stroke in non-human primates. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:91. [PMID: 26666889 PMCID: PMC4678699 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spatial and temporal changes in brain tissue after acute ischemic stroke are still poorly understood. Aims of this study were three-fold: (1) to determine unique temporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns at the acute, subacute and chronic stages after stroke in macaques by combining quantitative T2 and diffusion MRI indices into MRI ‘tissue signatures’, (2) to evaluate temporal differences in these signatures between transient (n = 2) and permanent (n = 2) middle cerebral artery occlusion, and (3) to correlate histopathology findings in the chronic stroke period to the acute and subacute MRI derived tissue signatures. Results An improved iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm was used to combine T2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps across seven successive timepoints (1, 2, 3, 24, 72, 144, 240 h) which revealed five temporal MRI signatures, that were different from the normal tissue pattern (P < 0.001). The distribution of signatures between brains with permanent and transient occlusions varied significantly between groups (P < 0.001). Qualitative comparisons with histopathology revealed that these signatures represented regions with different histopathology. Two signatures identified areas of progressive injury marked by severe necrosis and the presence of gitter cells. Another signature identified less severe but pronounced neuronal and axonal degeneration, while the other signatures depicted tissue remodeling with vascular proliferation and astrogliosis. Conclusion These exploratory results demonstrate the potential of temporally and spatially combined voxel-based methods to generate tissue signatures that may correlate with distinct histopathological features. The identification of distinct ischemic MRI signatures associated with specific tissue fates may further aid in assessing and monitoring the efficacy of novel pharmaceutical treatments for stroke in a pre-clinical and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J R J Bouts
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Alex J de Crespigny
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA. .,Department of Radiology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ona Wu
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Helen E D'Arceuil
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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21
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Phosphorylation of JNK Increases in the Cortex of Rat Subjected to Diabetic Cerebral Ischemia. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:787-94. [PMID: 26610380 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an important role in inducing neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemic injury. JNK signaling pathway in activated during cerebral ischemic injury. It participates in ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, whether JNK signaling is involved in the process of neuronal apoptosis of diabetes-induced cerebral ischemia is largely unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury on phosphorylation of JNK in diabetic rats. Twenty-four adult streptozotocin induced diabetic and 24 adult non-diabetic rats were randomly subjected to 15 min of forebrain ischemia followed by reperfusion for 0, 1, 3, and 6 h. Sixteen sham-operated diabetic and non-diabetic rats were used as controls. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Protein expression of phospho-JNK was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The numbers of TUNEL-positive cells and phospho-JNK protein expression in the cerebral cortices after 1, 3 and 6 h reperfusion was significantly higher in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic animals subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed significantly higher phospho-JNK protein expression in the cerebral cortices of the diabetic rats after 1 and 3 h reperfusion than that was presented in non-diabetic animals subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that increased phosphorylation of JNK may be associated with diabetes-enhanced ischemic brain damage.
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Smyser TA, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Gillespie SK, Inder TE, Neil JJ. Cortical Gray and Adjacent White Matter Demonstrate Synchronous Maturation in Very Preterm Infants. Cereb Cortex 2015. [PMID: 26209848 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial and functional gradients of development have been described for the maturation of cerebral gray and white matter using histological and radiological approaches. We evaluated these patterns in very preterm (VPT) infants using diffusion tensor imaging. Data were obtained from 3 groups: 1) 22 VPT infants without white matter injury (WMI), of whom all had serial MRI studies during the neonatal period, 2) 19 VPT infants with WMI, of whom 3 had serial MRI studies and 3) 12 healthy, term-born infants. Regions of interest were placed in the cortical gray and adjacent white matter in primary motor, primary visual, visual association, and prefrontal regions. From the MRI data at term-equivalent postmenstrual age, differences in mean diffusivity were found in all areas between VPT infants with WMI and the other 2 groups. In contrast, minimal differences in fractional anisotropy were found between the 3 groups. These findings suggest that cortical maturation is delayed in VPT infants with WMI when compared with term control infants and VPT infants without WMI. From the serial MRI data from VPT infants, synchronous development between gray and white matter was evident in all areas and all groups, with maturation in primary motor and sensory regions preceding that of association areas. This finding highlights the regionally varying but locally synchronous nature of the development of cortical gray matter and its adjacent white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Sarah K Gillespie
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- University College, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Neil
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Youn CS, Park KN, Kim JY, Callaway CW, Choi SP, Rittenberger JC, Kim SH, Oh SH, Kim YM. Repeated diffusion weighted imaging in comatose cardiac arrest patients with therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 2015. [PMID: 26206595 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing pattern and prognostic values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at two time points in cardiac arrest patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS Twenty two patients with cardiac arrest who underwent two DWI studies were enrolled in the retrospective study. The first DWI was performed after the induction of therapeutic hypothermia (median 6.0h) and was repeated between 48h and 168h (second DWI, median 74h). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the predefined brain regions, and qualitative analysis was also performed. Good neurologic outcomes were defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scores of 1 and 2. RESULTS The ADC value tended to increase over time except the cortical regions of the poor outcome group (N=10). In the comparisons of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict poor outcome using ADC value, postcentral cortex in the second DWI has a better association with neurological outcome (p=0.001, area under the curve (AUC)=0.996 for second DWI, AUC=0.571 for first DWI). In the same analysis using qualitative score, precentral cortex, postcentral cortex, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, caudate and putamen in the second DWI have a better association with neurological outcome. CONCLUSIONS The changing pattern of ADC values after cardiac arrest is different according to anatomic region and neurologic status. The DWI after 48h has a better association with neurological outcome of cardiac arrest patients in both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Song Youn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Nam Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Clifton W Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Iroquois Building, Suite 400A, 3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Seung Pill Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jon C Rittenberger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Iroquois Building, Suite 400A, 3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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Abrams CK, Freidin M. GJB1-associated X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:659-73. [PMID: 25370202 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of inherited diseases characterized by exclusive or predominant involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Mutations in GJB1, the gene encoding Connexin 32 (Cx32), a gap-junction channel forming protein, cause the most common X-linked form of CMT, CMT1X. Cx32 is expressed in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glia of the peripheral and central nervous systems, respectively. Thus, patients with CMT1X have both central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. Study of the genetics of CMT1X and the phenotypes of patients with this disorder suggest that the peripheral manifestations of CMT1X are likely to be due to loss of function, while in the CNS gain of function may contribute. Mice with targeted ablation of Gjb1 develop a peripheral neuropathy similar to that seen in patients with CMT1X, supporting loss of function as a mechanism for the peripheral manifestations of this disorder. Possible roles for Cx32 include the establishment of a reflexive gap junction pathway in the peripheral and central nervous system and of a panglial syncitium in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Abrams
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology & Pharmacology, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA,
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Uno H, Nagatsuka K, Kokubo Y, Higashi M, Yamada N, Umesaki A, Toyoda K, Naritomi H. Detectability of Ischemic Lesions on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Is Biphasic after Transient Ischemic Attack. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 24:1059-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Gulyaev SM. Morphological Analysis of Neurovascular Changes in the Brain in Unilateral Occlusion of the Common Carotid Artery. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:92-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lei S, Zhang P, Li W, Gao M, He X, Zheng J, Li X, Wang X, Wang N, Zhang J, Qi C, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Pre- and posttreatment with edaravone protects CA1 hippocampus and enhances neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. ASN Neuro 2014; 6:6/6/1759091414558417. [PMID: 25388889 PMCID: PMC4357607 DOI: 10.1177/1759091414558417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is clinically used for treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction. However, the effect of double application of edaravone on neurogenesis in the hippocampus following ischemia remains unknown. In the present study, we explored whether pre- and posttreatment of edaravone had any effect on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the subgranular zone of hippocampus in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia and elucidated the potential mechanism of its effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (n = 15), control (n = 15), and edaravone-treated (n = 15) groups. Newly generated cells were labeled by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect neurogenesis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling was used to detect cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescien diacetate assay in NSPCs in vitro. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were quantified by western blot analysis. Treatment with edaravone significantly increased the number of NSPCs and newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone (p < .05). Treatment with edaravone also decreased apoptosis of NSPCs (p < .01). Furthermore, treatment with edaravone significantly decreased ROS generation and inhibited HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions. These findings indicate that pre- and posttreatment with edaravone enhances neurogenesis by protecting NSPCs from apoptosis in the hippocampus, which is probably mediated by decreasing ROS generation and inhibiting protein expressions of HIF-1α and cleaved caspase-3 after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing He
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cunfang Qi
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject of Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Jin Y, Dong L, Wu C, Qin J, Li S, Wang C, Shao X, Huang D. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:197-207. [PMID: 25206589 PMCID: PMC4107522 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction extracted from Buyang Huanwu Decoction contains saponins of Astragalus, total paeony glycoside and safflower flavones. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction on ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that 50-200 mg/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction reduced infarct volume and pathological injury in ischemia/reperfusion rats, markedly inhibited expression of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α and promoted nestin protein expression in brain tissue. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (200 mg/kg) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that 10-100 mg/L Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction significantly improved cell viability, decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, and inhibited the rate of apoptosis in HT22 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (100 mg/L) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/L Ginkgo biloba extract. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction may represent a novel, protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage in HT22 cells in vitro by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China ; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Hefei Qi-xing Medicine and Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Anuncibay-Soto B, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Llorente IL, Regueiro-Purriños M, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Fernández-López A. Age-dependent modifications in vascular adhesion molecules and apoptosis after 48-h reperfusion in a rat global cerebral ischemia model. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9703. [PMID: 25182537 PMCID: PMC4453934 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability in the elderly. However, most of the experimental studies on stroke are based on young animals, and we hypothesised that age can substantially affect the stroke response. The two-vessel occlusion model of global ischemia by occluding the common carotid arteries for 15 min at 40 mmHg of blood pressure was carried out in 3- and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), both intercellular (ICAM-1) and vascular (VCAM-1), as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and cleaved caspase-3 were measured at 48 h after ischemia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus using Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence techniques. Diametric expression of GFAP and a different morphological pattern of caspase-3 labelling, although no changes in the cell number, were observed in the neurons of young and old animals. Expression of E-selectin and CAMs was also modified in an age- and ischemia/reperfusion-dependent manner. The hippocampus and cerebral cortex had similar response patterns for most of the markers studied. Our data suggest that old and young animals present different time-courses of neuroinflammation and apoptosis after ischemic damage. On the other hand, these results suggest that neuroinflammation is dependent on age rather than on the different vulnerability described for the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These differences should be taken into account in searching for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Anuncibay-Soto
- />Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
| | - Diego Pérez-Rodríguez
- />Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
| | - Irene L Llorente
- />Área de Biología Celular, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
| | - Marta Regueiro-Purriños
- />Área de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
| | - José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden
- />Área de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de León, Leon, Spain
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Martínez-Alfaro M, Cárabez-Trejo A, Sandoval-Zapata F, Morales-Tlalpan V, Palma-Tirado L. Subsurface cistern (SSC) proliferation in Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum in response to acute and chronic exposure to paint thinner: A light and electron microscopy study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:323-32. [PMID: 24820124 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intentional inhalation and occupational exposure are two ways humans are exposed to thinner, a widely employed solvent in industry. Inhalation of thinner induces toxic effects in various organs, with the cerebellum being one of the most affected structures of the CNS. The aim of this work was to describe specific structural alterations of cerebellum Purkinje cells in rats following exposure to thinner for 16 weeks. A histological analysis of the cerebellum of solvent-exposed rats revealed swollen Purkinje cell dendrites surrounded by empty space, and electronic microscopy showed an increase in the number of subsurface cisterns (SSCs) within their dendritic processes. After a period of non-exposure, the number of SSCs decreased without reaching normal levels, suggesting a degree of plasticity. Purkinje cell SSCs, which are derived from smooth endoplasmic reticulum, contain inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), ryanodine receptors (RR), and a recently identified characteristic cluster of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels. We found that SSCs in Purkinje cell dendrites were closely associated with mitochondria, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed higher levels of RR and calbindin receptors (CB), in Purkinje cells of exposed than normal rats. These changes are probably related to behavioral manifestations of cerebellar alterations, such as imbalance and ataxia, consistent with the suggested involvement of increases in SSCs in ataxia in rats and humans. This increase in SSCs, taken together with the localization of RR, IP3R and BKCa proteins in this structure, suggests altered intracellular calcium-buffering processes in the Purkinje cells of thinner-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Martínez-Alfaro
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta, Guanajuato CP 36050, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso Cárabez-Trejo
- Instituto de Neurobiología UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3002, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico.
| | - Francisca Sandoval-Zapata
- Instituto de Neurobiología UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3002, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico
| | | | - Lourdes Palma-Tirado
- Instituto de Neurobiología UNAM Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3002, Querétaro CP 76230, Mexico
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Flores JJ, Zhang Y, Klebe DW, Lekic T, Fu W, Zhang JH. Small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:659-80. [PMID: 24491068 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.884560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is the world's second leading cause of death. Although recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is an effective treatment for cerebral ischemia, its limitations and ischemic stroke's complex pathophysiology dictate an increased need for the development of new therapeutic interventions. Small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) have the potential to be used as novel therapeutic modalities for stroke, since many preclinical and clinical trials have established their neuroprotective capabilities. AREAS COVERED This paper provides a summary of the pathophysiology of stroke as well as clinical and preclinical evaluations of SMIs as therapeutic interventions for cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia is broken down into four mechanisms in this article: thrombosis, ischemic insult, mitochondrial injury and immune response. Insight is provided into preclinical and current clinical assessments of SMIs targeting each mechanism as well as a summary of reported results. EXPERT OPINION Many studies demonstrated that pre- or post-treatment with certain SMIs significantly ameliorated adverse effects from stroke. Although some of these promising SMIs moved on to clinical trials, they generally failed, possibly due to the poor translation of preclinical to clinical experiments. Yet, there are many steps being taken to improve the quality of experimental research and translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Flores
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA 92354 , USA
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Selective neuronal loss in ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:2-18. [PMID: 24192635 PMCID: PMC3887360 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
As a sequel of brain ischemia, selective neuronal loss (SNL)-as opposed to pannecrosis (i.e. infarction)-is attracting growing interest, particularly because it is now detectable in vivo. In acute stroke, SNL may affect the salvaged penumbra and hamper functional recovery following reperfusion. Rodent occlusion models can generate SNL predominantly in the striatum or cortex, showing that it can affect behavior for weeks despite normal magnetic resonance imaging. In humans, SNL in the salvaged penumbra has been documented in vivo mainly using positron emission tomography and (11)C-flumazenil, a neuronal tracer validated against immunohistochemistry in rodent stroke models. Cortical SNL has also been documented using this approach in chronic carotid disease in association with misery perfusion and behavioral deficits, suggesting that it can result from chronic or unstable hemodynamic compromise. Given these consequences, SNL may constitute a novel therapeutic target. Selective neuronal loss may also develop at sites remote from infarcts, representing secondary 'exofocal' phenomena akin to degeneration, potentially related to poststroke behavioral or mood impairments again amenable to therapy. Further work should aim to better characterize the time course, behavioral consequences-including the impact on neurological recovery and contribution to vascular cognitive impairment-association with possible causal processes such as microglial activation, and preventability of SNL.
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Daadi MM, Hu S, Klausner J, Li Z, Sofilos M, Sun G, Wu JC, Steinberg GK. Imaging neural stem cell graft-induced structural repair in stroke. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:881-92. [PMID: 23044338 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x656144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy ameliorates motor deficits in experimental stroke model. Multimodal molecular imaging enables real-time longitudinal monitoring of infarct location, size, and transplant survival. In the present study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) to track the infarct evolution,tissue repair, and the fate of grafted cells. We genetically engineered embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) with a triple fusion reporter gene to express monomeric red fluorescence protein and herpes simplex virus-truncated thymidine kinase for multimodal molecular imaging and SPIO labeled for MRI. The infarct size as well as fate and function of grafted cells were tracked in real time for 3 months using MRI and PET. We report that grafted NSCs reduced the infarct size in animals with less than 0.1 cm(3) initial infarct in a dose-dependent manner, while larger stroke was not amenable to such beneficial effects. PET imaging revealed increased metabolic activity in grafted animals and visualized functioning grafted cells in vivo. Immunohistopathological analysis demonstrated that, after a 3-month survival period, grafted NSCs dispersed in the stroke-lesioned parenchyma and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Longitudinal multimodal imaging provides insights into time course dose-dependent interactions between NSC grafts and structural changes in infarcted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel M Daadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovationand Translational Neurosciences, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Aggarwal M, Burnsed J, Martin LJ, Northington FJ, Zhang J. Imaging neurodegeneration in the mouse hippocampus after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia using oscillating gradient diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:829-40. [PMID: 24123409 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if frequency-dependent contrasts using oscillating gradient diffusion MRI (dMRI) can detect hypoxia-ischemia (HI) -induced neurodegeneration in the neonatal mouse hippocampus. METHODS Pulsed- and oscillating-gradient dMR images (at 50, 100, and 150 Hz) were acquired from postmortem fixed brains of mice exposed to neonatal HI using the Rice-Vanucci model. MRI data were acquired at 1, 4, and 8 days following HI, and compared with histological data from the same mice for in situ histological validation of the MRI findings. RESULTS The rate of change of apparent diffusion coefficient with gradient frequency (Δf ADC) revealed unique layer-specific contrasts in the neonatal mouse hippocampus. Δf ADC measurements were found to show a significant decrease in response to neonatal HI injury, in the pyramidal (Py) and granule (GrDG) cell layers compared with contralateral regions. The areas of reduced intensity in the Δf ADC maps corresponded to regional neurodegeneration seen with H&E and Fluoro-Jade C stainings, indicating that alterations in Δf ADC contrasts are sensitive to early microstructural changes due to HI-induced neurodegeneration in the studied regions. CONCLUSION The findings show that the frequency-dependence of ADC measurements with oscillating-gradient dMRI can provide a sensitive contrast to detect HI-induced neurodegeneration in neuronal layers of the neonatal mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bogaert-Buchmann A, Poittevin M, Po C, Dupont D, Sebrié C, Tomita Y, Trandinh A, Seylaz J, Pinard E, Méric P, Kubis N, Gillet B. Spatial and temporal MRI profile of ischemic tissue after the acute stages of a permanent mouse model of stroke. Open Neuroimag J 2013; 7:4-14. [PMID: 23459141 PMCID: PMC3580904 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001307010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT To characterize the progression of injured tissue resulting from a permanent focal cerebral ischemia after the acute phase, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) monitoring was performed on adult male C57BL/6J mice in the subacute stages, and correlated to histological analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lesions were induced by electrocoagulation of the middle cerebral artery. Serial MRI measurements and weighted-images (T2, T1, T2* and Diffusion Tensor Imaging) were performed on a 9.4T scanner. Histological data (Cresyl-Violet staining and laminin-, Iba1- and GFAP-immunostainings) were obtained 1 and 2 weeks after the stroke. RESULTS Two days after stroke, tissues assumed to correspond to the infarct core, were detected as a hyperintensity signal area in T2-weighted images. One week later, low-intensity signal areas appeared. Longitudinal MRI study showed that these areas remained present over the following week, and was mainly linked to a drop of the T2 relaxation time value in the corresponding tissues. Correlation with histological data and immuno-histochemistry showed that these areas corresponded to microglial cells. CONCLUSION The present data provide, for the first time detailed MRI parameters of microglial cells dynamics, allowing its non-invasive monitoring during the chronic stages of a stroke. This could be particularly interesting in regards to emerging anti-inflammatory stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bogaert-Buchmann
- University Orsay Paris-sud, IR4M, UMR 8081, Bat 220, Orsay, F-91405, France ; CNRS, Orsay, F-91405, France
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Chauhan NK, Young AMJ, Gibson CL, Davidson C. Inhibition of pre-ischeamic conditioning in the mouse caudate brain slice by NMDA- or adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 698:322-9. [PMID: 23099254 PMCID: PMC3556740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that pre-ischeamic conditioning (PIC) offers protection against a subsequent ischeamic event. Although some brain areas such as the hippocampus have received much attention, the receptor mechanisms of PIC in other brain regions are unknown. We have previously shown that 10 min oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) evokes tolerance to a second OGD event in the caudate. Here we further examine the effect of length of conditioning event on the second OGD event. Caudate mouse brain slices were superfused with artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (aCSF) bubbled with 95%O2/5%CO2. OGD was achieved by reducing the aCSF glucose concentration and by bubbling with 95%N2/5%CO2. After approximately 5 min OGD a large dopamine efflux was observed, presumably caused by anoxic depolarisation. On applying a second OGD event, 60 min later, dopamine efflux was delayed and reduced. We first examined the effect of varying the length of the conditioning event from 5 to 40 min and found tolerance to PIC increased with increasing duration of conditioning. We then examined the receptor mechanism(s) underlying PIC. We found that pre-incubation with either MK-801 or 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) reduced tolerance to the second OGD event. These data suggest that either N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) or adenosine A1 receptor activation evokes PIC in the mouse caudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikky K Chauhan
- School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Goyal M, Almekhlafi MA. Dramatically reducing imaging-to-recanalization time in acute ischemic stroke: making choices. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1201-3. [PMID: 22723062 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and adult morbidity worldwide. By defining stroke symptom onset by the time the patient was last known to be well, many patients whose onsets are unwitnessed are automatically ineligible for thrombolytic therapy. Advanced brain imaging may serve as a substitute witness to estimate stroke onset and duration in those patients who do not have a human witness. This article reviews and compares some of these imaging-based approaches to thrombolysis eligibility, which can potentially expand the use of thrombolytic therapy to a broader population of acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Wu
- Department of Radiology, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, 149 Thirteenth Street Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Payabvash S, Souza LCS, Wang Y, Schaefer PW, Furie KL, Halpern EF, Gonzalez RG, Lev MH. Regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion: the need for location specific computed tomography perfusion thresholds in acute stroke patients. Stroke 2011; 42:1255-60. [PMID: 21493917 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.600940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To characterize the spatial pattern of cerebral ischemic vulnerability to hypoperfusion in stroke patients. METHODS We included 90 patients who underwent admission CT perfusion and MRI within 12 hours of ischemic stroke onset. Infarcted brain lesions ("core") were segmented from admission diffusion-weighted imaging and, along with the CT perfusion parameter maps, coregistered onto MNI-152 brain space, which was parcellated into 125 mirror cortical and subcortical regions per hemisphere. We tested the hypothesis that the percent infarction increment per unit of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) reduction differs statistically between regions using regression analysis to assess the interaction between regional rCBF and region variables. Next, for each patient, a "vulnerability index" map was constructed with voxel values equaling the product of that voxel's rCBF and infarction probability (derived from the MNI-152-transformed, binary, segmented, diffusion-weighted imaging lesions). Voxel-based rCBF threshold for core was determined within the upper 20th percentile of vulnerability index map voxel values. RESULTS Different regions had different percent infarction increase per unit rCBF reduction (P=0.001). The caudate body, putamen, insular ribbon, paracentral lobule, and precentral, middle, and inferior frontal gyri had the highest ischemic vulnerability to hypoperfusion. A voxel-based rCBF threshold of <0.42 optimally distinguished infarct core in the highly-vulnerable regions, whereas rCBF<0.16 distinguished core in the remainder of the brain. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion in acute stroke patients. Location-specific, rather than whole-brain, rCBF thresholds may provide a more accurate metric for estimating infarct core using CT perfusion maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, Gray 241H, Boston, MA 02114-9657, USA
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Cell death/proliferation and alterations in glial morphology contribute to changes in diffusivity in the rat hippocampus after hypoxia-ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011; 31:894-907. [PMID: 20877389 PMCID: PMC3063622 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To understand the structural alterations that underlie early and late changes in hippocampal diffusivity after hypoxia/ischemia (H/I), the changes in apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC(W)) were studied in 8-week-old rats after H/I using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). In the hippocampal CA1 region, ADC(W) analyses were performed during 6 months of reperfusion and compared with alterations in cell number/cell-type composition, glial morphology, and extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters obtained by the real-time iontophoretic method. In the early phases of reperfusion (1 to 3 days) neuronal cell death, glial proliferation, and developing gliosis were accompanied by an ADC(W) decrease and tortuosity increase. Interestingly, ECS volume fraction was decreased only first day after H/I. In the late phases of reperfusion (starting 1 month after H/I), when the CA1 region consisted mainly of microglia, astrocytes, and NG2-glia with markedly altered morphology, ADC(W), ECS volume fraction and tortuosity were increased. Three-dimensional confocal morphometry revealed enlarged astrocytes and shrunken NG2-glia, and in both the contribution of cell soma/processes to total cell volume was markedly increased/decreased. In summary, the ADC(W) increase in the CA1 region underlain by altered cellular composition and glial morphology suggests that considerable changes in extracellular signal transmission might occur in the late phases of reperfusion after H/I.
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Gutierrez LG, Rovira A, Portela LAP, Leite CDC, Lucato LT. CT and MR in non-neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: radiological findings with pathophysiological correlations. Neuroradiology 2010; 52:949-76. [PMID: 20585768 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a clinical condition often related to cardiopulmonary arrest that demands critical management and treatment decisions. Management depends mainly on the degree of neurological impairment and prognostic considerations. Computed tomography (CT) is often used to exclude associated or mimicking pathology. If any, only nonspecific signs such as cerebral edema, sulci effacement, and decreased gray matter (GM)/white matter (WM) differentiation are evident. Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage, a GM/WM attenuation ratio <1.18, and inverted GM attenuation are associated with a poor prognosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is more sensitive than CT in assessing brain damage in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Some MR findings have similarities to those seen pathologically, based on spatial distribution and time scale, such as lesions distributed in watershed regions and selective injury to GM structures. In the acute phase, lesions are better depicted using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) because of the presence of cytotoxic edema, which, on T2-weighted images, only become apparent later in the early subacute phase. In the late subacute phase, postanoxic leukoencephalopathy and contrast enhancement could be observed. In the chronic phase, atrophic changes predominate over tissue signal changes. MR can be useful for estimating prognosis when other tests are inconclusive. Some findings, such as the extent of lesions on DWI and presence of a lactate peak and depleted N-acetyl aspartate peak on MR spectroscopy, seem to have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guilhermino Gutierrez
- Diagnostic Imaging Division, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz and Hospital do Coração, Praça Amadeu Amaral, 47-Conj. 112, São Paulo, 01327-904, Brazil,
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Kremer S, Renard F, Noblet V, Mialin R, Wolfram-Gabel R, Delon-Martin C, Achard S, Schenck M, Mohr M, Dietemann JL, Schneider F. Diffusion tensor imaging in human global cerebral anoxia: correlation with histology in a case with autopsy. J Neuroradiol 2010; 37:301-3. [PMID: 20378174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hilger T, Hoehn M. Physiological and Metabolic Interpretation of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Changes During Cerebral Ischemia. Isr J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1560/0bcg-d9vn-kgm9-hkfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Planas AM. Noninvasive Brain Imaging in Small Animal Stroke Models: MRI and PET. NEUROMETHODS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-750-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kaur J, Tuor UI, Zhao Z, Petersen J, Jin AY, Barber PA. Quantified T1 as an adjunct to apparent diffusion coefficient for early infarct detection: a high-field magnetic resonance study in a rat stroke model. Int J Stroke 2009; 4:159-68. [PMID: 19659815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2009.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombolytic treatment for acute stroke has focused attention on accurate identification of injured vs. salvageable brain tissue, particularly if reperfusion occurs. However, our knowledge of differences in acute magnetic resonance imaging changes between transient and permanent ischemia and how they reflect permanently damaged tissue remain incomplete. AIMS AND/OR HYPOTHESIS Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics vary widely following ischemia and, at acute times, T1, T2 or apparent diffusion coefficient quantification may differentiate viable tissue from that destined to infarct. METHODS High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 9.4 T following permanent or transient (90 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive male rats or Wistar rats. Within 30 min, quantified maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient, T1, and T2 were performed and measures determined for sequences in the infarct and compared with that in the contralateral region. Lesion area for each magnetic resonance imaging sequence (T1, T2, apparent diffusion coefficient, and perfusion maps) was delineated for different time points using quantitative threshold measures and compared with final histological damage. RESULTS Early extensive changes in T1 following both transient and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion provided a sensitive early indicator of the final infarct area. Following reperfusion, small but measurable early T2 changes indicative of early development of vasogenic edema occurred in the transient but not permanent groups. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, at 70 min apparent diffusion coefficient decreased (P<0.001) and then pseudonormalized at 150 min. In permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, apparent diffusion coefficient declined over time. Lesion area detected using T1 maps exceeded that with T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient at 70 and 150 min in both groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that, independent of reperfusion, quantified T1 is superior for detecting early ischemic changes that are not necessarily detected with T2 or apparent diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaur
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Experimental Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Dong Y, Zhang G, Zhang B, Moir RD, Xia W, Marcantonio ER, Culley DJ, Crosby G, Tanzi RE, Xie Z. The common inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane induces apoptosis and increases beta-amyloid protein levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 66:620-31. [PMID: 19433662 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2009.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of sevoflurane, the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic, on apoptosis and beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) levels in vitro and in vivo. Subjects Naive mice, H4 human neuroglioma cells, and H4 human neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express full-length amyloid precursor protein. INTERVENTIONS Human H4 neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express full-length amyloid precursor protein were exposed to 4.1% sevoflurane for 6 hours. Mice received 2.5% sevoflurane for 2 hours. Caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, and Abeta levels were assessed. RESULTS Sevoflurane induced apoptosis and elevated levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and Abeta in vitro and in vivo. The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD decreased the effects of sevoflurane on apoptosis and Abeta. Sevoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation was attenuated by the gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458 and was potentiated by Abeta. These results suggest that sevoflurane induces caspase activation which, in turn, enhances beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and Abeta levels. Increased Abeta levels then induce further rounds of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane may promote Alzheimer disease neuropathogenesis. If confirmed in human subjects, it may be prudent to caution against the use of sevoflurane as an anesthetic, especially in those suspected of possessing excessive levels of cerebral Abeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Dong
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhao ST, Chen M, Li SJ, Zhang MH, Li BX, Das M, Bean JC, Kong JM, Zhu XH, Gao TM. Mitochondrial BNIP3 upregulation precedes endonuclease G translocation in hippocampal neuronal death following oxygen-glucose deprivation. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:113. [PMID: 19737385 PMCID: PMC2749049 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caspase-independent apoptotic pathways are suggested as a mechanism for the delayed neuronal death following ischemic insult. However, the underlying signalling mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies imply the involvement of several mitochondrial proteins, including endonuclease G (EndoG) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa-interacting protein (BNIP3), in the pathway of non-neuronal cells. Results In this report, using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, we found that EndoG upregulates and translocates from mitochondria to nucleus in a time-dependent manner in cultured hippocampal neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Moreover, the translocation of EndoG occurs hours before the observable nuclear pyknosis. Importantly, the mitochondrial upregulation of BNIP3 precedes the translocation of EndoG. Forced expression of BNIP3 increases the nuclear translocation of EndoG and neuronal death while knockdown of BNIP3 decreases the OGD-induced nuclear translocation of EndoG and neuronal death. Conclusion These results suggest that BNIP3 and EndoG play important roles in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis following ischemia, and mitochondrial BNIP3 is a signal protein upstream of EndoG that can induce neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Wu O, Sorensen AG, Benner T, Singhal AB, Furie KL, Greer DM. Comatose patients with cardiac arrest: predicting clinical outcome with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 2009; 252:173-81. [PMID: 19420318 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2521081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether the severity and spatial distribution of reductions in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are associated with clinical outcomes in patients who become comatose after cardiac arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of 80 comatose patients with cardiac arrest who underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The need to obtain informed consent was waived except when follow-up phone calls were required; in those cases, informed consent was obtained from the families. Mean patient age was 57 years +/- 16 (standard deviation); 31 (39%) patients were women. ADC maps were semiautomatically segmented into the following regions: subcortical white matter; cerebellum; insula; frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes; caudate nucleus; putamen; and thalamus. Median ADCs were measured in these regions and in the whole brain and were compared (with a two-tailed Wilcoxon test) as a function of clinical outcome. Outcome was defined by both early eye opening in the 1st week after arrest (either spontaneously or in response to external stimuli) and 6-month modified Rankin scale score. RESULTS Whole-brain median ADC was a significant predictor of poor outcome as measured by no eye opening (specificity, 100% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 86%, 100%]; sensitivity, 30% [95% CI: 18%, 45%]) or 6-month modified Rankin scale score greater than 3 (specificity, 100% [95% CI: 73%, 100%]; sensitivity, 41% [95% CI: 29%, 54%]), with patients with poor outcomes having significantly lower ADCs for both outcome measures (P <or= .001). Differences in ADC between patients with good and those with poor outcomes varied according to brain region, involving predominantly the occipital and parietal lobes and the putamen, and were dependent on the timing of imaging. CONCLUSION Spatial and temporal differences in ADCs may provide insight into mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and, hence, recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Wu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Xie Z, Culley DJ, Dong Y, Zhang G, Zhang B, Moir RD, Frosch MP, Crosby G, Tanzi RE. The common inhalation anesthetic isoflurane induces caspase activation and increases amyloid beta-protein level in vivo. Ann Neurol 2009; 64:618-27. [PMID: 19006075 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An estimated 200 million patients worldwide have surgery each year. Anesthesia and surgery have been reported to facilitate emergence of Alzheimer's disease. The commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has previously been reported to induce apoptosis, and to increase levels and aggregation of Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in cultured cells. However, the in vivo relevance has not been addressed. METHODS We therefore set out to determine effects of isoflurane on caspase activation and levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and Abeta in naive mice, using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Here we show for the first time that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia (1.4% isoflurane for 2 hours) leads to caspase activation and modest increases in levels of BACE 6 hours after anesthesia in mouse brain. Isoflurane anesthesia induces caspase activation, and increases levels of BACE and Abeta up to 24 hours after anesthesia. Isoflurane may increase BACE levels by reducing BACE degradation. Moreover, the Abeta aggregation inhibitor, clioquinol, was able to attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo. INTERPRETATION Given that transient insults to brain may lead to long-term brain damage, these findings suggest that isoflurane may promote Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis and, as such, have implications for use of isoflurane in humans, pending human study confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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