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Balijepalli P, Meier KE. From outside to inside and back again: the lysophosphatidic acid-CCN axis in signal transduction. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:845-849. [PMID: 36795277 PMCID: PMC10409932 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN1 and CCN2 are matricellular proteins that are transcriptionally induced by various stimuli, including growth factors. CCN proteins act to facilitate signaling events involving extracellular matrix proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid that activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enhancing proliferation, adhesion, and migration in many types of cancer cells. Our group previously reported that LPA induces production of CCN1 protein in human prostate cancer cell lines within 2-4 h. In these cells, the mitogenic activity of LPA is mediated by LPA Receptor 1 (LPAR1), a GPCR. There are multiple examples of the induction of CCN proteins by LPA, and by the related lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in various cellular models. The signaling pathways responsible for LPA/S1P-induced CCN1/2 typically involve activation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho and the transcription factor YAP. Inducible CCNs can potentially play roles in downstream signal transduction events required for LPA and S1P-induced responses. Specifically, CCNs secreted into the extracellular space can facilitate the activation of additional receptors and signal transduction pathways, contributing to the biphasic delayed responses typically seen in response to growth factors acting via GPCRs. In some model systems, CCN1 and CCN2 play key roles in LPA/S1P-induced cell migration and proliferation. In this way, an extracellular signal (LPA or S1P) can activate GPCR-mediated intracellular signaling to induce the production of extracellular modulators (CCN1 and CCN2) that in turn initiate another round of intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravita Balijepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Kathryn E. Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA USA
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2
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Guo P, Tai Y, Wang M, Sun H, Zhang L, Wei W, Xiang YK, Wang Q. Gα 12 and Gα 13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:809425. [PMID: 35237598 PMCID: PMC8883321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.809425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), as the largest family of receptors in the human body, are involved in the pathological mechanisms of many diseases. Heterotrimeric G proteins represent the main molecular switch and receive cell surface signals from activated GPCRs. Growing evidence suggests that Gα12 subfamily (Gα12/13)-mediated signaling plays a crucial role in cellular function and various pathological processes. The current research on the physiological and pathological function of Gα12/13 is constantly expanding, Changes in the expression levels of Gα12/13 have been found in a wide range of human diseases. However, the mechanistic research on Gα12/13 is scattered. This review briefly describes the structural sequences of the Gα12/13 isoforms and introduces the coupling of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα12/13. The effects of Gα12/13 on RhoA and other signaling pathways and their roles in cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function, are discussed. Finally, we focus on the pathological impacts of Gα12/13 in cancer, inflammation, metabolic diseases, fibrotic diseases, and circulatory disorders are brought to focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paipai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hanfei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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An W, Luong LA, Bowden NP, Yang M, Wu W, Zhou X, Liu C, Niu K, Luo J, Zhang C, Sun X, Poston R, Zhang L, Evans PC, Xiao Q. Cezanne is a critical regulator of pathological arterial remodelling by targeting β-catenin signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:638-653. [PMID: 33599243 PMCID: PMC8803089 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pathological arterial remodelling including neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause for occluding arterial diseases. Cezanne is a novel deubiquitinating enzyme, functioning as a NF-кB negative regulator, and plays a key role in renal inflammatory response and kidney injury induced by ischaemia. Here we attempted to examine its pathological role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) pathology and arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS Cezanne expression levels were consistently induced by various atherogenic stimuli in VSMCs, and in remodelled arteries upon injury. Functionally, VSMCs over-expressing wild-type Cezanne, but not the mutated catalytically-inactive Cezanne (C209S), had an increased proliferative ability and mobility, while the opposite was observed in VSMCs with Cezanne knockdown. Surprisingly, we observed no significant effects of Cezanne on VSMC apoptosis, NF-κB signalling, or inflammation. RNA-sequencing and biochemical studies showed that Cezanne drives VSMC proliferation by regulating CCN family member 1 (CCN1) by targeting β-catenin for deubiquitination. Importantly, local correction of Cezanne expression in the injured arteries greatly decreased VSMC proliferation, and prevented arterial inward remodelling. Interestingly, global Cezanne gene deletion in mice led to smaller atherosclerotic plaques, but with a lower level of plaque stability. Translating, we observed a similar role for Cezanne in human VSMCs, and higher expression levels of Cezanne in human atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION Cezanne is a key regulator of VSMC proliferation and migration in pathological arterial remodelling. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting Cezanne signalling and VSMC pathology in vascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/genetics
- Cysteine-Rich Protein 61/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endopeptidases/genetics
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neointima
- Ubiquitination
- Vascular Remodeling
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/genetics
- beta Catenin/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Le A Luong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Neil P Bowden
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Luo
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Robin Poston
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Bateson Centre, and Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Xu G, Yang Z, Sun Y, Dong H, Ma J. Interaction of microRNAs with sphingosine kinases, sphingosine-1 phosphate, and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptors in cancer. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:33. [PMID: 35201458 PMCID: PMC8777508 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a pleiotropic lipid mediator, participates in various cellular processes during tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. S1P is formed by two sphingosine kinases (SphKs), SphK1 and SphK2. The intracellularly produced S1P is delivered to the extracellular space by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), where it binds to five transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors to mediate its oncogenic functions (S1PR1-S1PR5). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length, that play numerous crucial roles in cancer, such as tumor initiation, progression, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the target mRNA. There is growing evidence that various miRNAs modulate tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of SphKs, and S1P receptors. We have reviewed various roles of miRNAs, SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors (S1PRs) in malignancies and how notable miRNAs like miR-101, miR-125b, miR-128, and miR-506, miR-1246, miR-21, miR-126, miR499a, miR20a-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-224, miR-137, miR-183-5p, miR-194, miR181b, miR136, and miR-675-3p, modulate S1P signaling. These tumorigenesis modulating miRNAs are involved in different cancers including breast, gastric, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, colorectal, cervical, ovarian, and lung cancer via cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, immune evasion, chemoresistance, and chemosensitivity. Therefore, understanding the interaction of SphKs, S1P, and S1P receptors with miRNAs in human malignancies will lead to better insights for miRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmeng Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Zecheng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Jingru Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000 China
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5
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Pathak AS, Rojas M, Stouffer GA. Expression of Cyr61 in ApoE -/- mice with chronic unilateral renal artery ligation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3606. [PMID: 33574403 PMCID: PMC7878479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyr61 is a member of the CCN family of proteins that is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and regulated by angiotensin II. It is unknown whether renal artery stenosis (RAS) increases Cyr61 expression. Male ApoE−/− mice were randomized to surgically induced RAS, RAS + treatment with either irbesartan, aliskiren or amlodipine or sham-surgery. RAS resulted in increased plasma angiotensin II levels, a mild, sustained increase in systolic blood pressure and increased aortic lipid deposition compared to sham-surgery. Surgically induced RAS led to the formation of atheroma in the infrarenal aorta and there was consistent and intense staining for Cyr61 within the atheroma. Treatment with irbesartan, aliskiren and amlodipine were associated with decreased aortic lipid deposition and decreased staining for Cyr61 in aortic atheroma. Serum levels of Cyr61 were not increased in mice or humans with RAS. In summary, Cyr61 expression in aortic atheroma but not serum is increased by RAS in ApoE−/− mice and is reduced by agents that lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokkumar S Pathak
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George A Stouffer
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7075, USA.
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6
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Yang YM, Kuen DS, Chung Y, Kurose H, Kim SG. Gα 12/13 signaling in metabolic diseases. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:896-910. [PMID: 32576930 PMCID: PMC7338450 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the key governors of diverse physiological processes, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have drawn attention as primary targets for several diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Heterotrimeric G proteins converge signals from ~800 members of the GPCR family. Among the members of the G protein α family, the Gα12 family members comprising Gα12 and Gα13 have been referred to as gep oncogenes. Gα12/13 levels are altered in metabolic organs, including the liver and muscles, in metabolic diseases. The roles of Gα12/13 in metabolic diseases have been investigated. In this review, we highlight findings demonstrating Gα12/13 amplifying or dampening regulators of phenotype changes. We discuss the molecular basis of G protein biology in the context of posttranslational modifications to heterotrimeric G proteins and the cell signaling axis. We also highlight findings providing insights into the organ-specific, metabolic and pathological roles of G proteins in changes associated with specific cells, energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, liver fibrosis and the immune and cardiovascular systems. This review summarizes the currently available knowledge on the importance of Gα12/13 in the physiology and pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, which is presented according to the basic understanding of their metabolic actions and underlying cellular and molecular bases. Understanding the activities of two members of a vital category of proteins called G proteins, which initiate metabolic changes when signaling molecules bind to cells, could lead to new therapies for many diseases. Researchers in South Korea and Japan, led by Sang Geon Kim at Seoul National University, review the significance of the Gα12 and Gα13 proteins in diseases characterised by significant changes in metabolism, including liver conditions and disorders of the cardiovascular and immune systems. Specific roles for the proteins have been identified by a variety of methods, including studying the effect of disabling the genes that code for them in mice. Recent insights suggest that drugs interfering with the activity of these Gα proteins might help treat many conditions in which the molecular signalling networks involving the proteins are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Da-Sol Kuen
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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7
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Pulli I, Asghar MY, Kemppainen K, Törnquist K. Sphingolipid-mediated calcium signaling and its pathological effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1668-1677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Yang J, Zeng P, Yang J, Liu X, Ding J, Wang H, Chen L. MicroRNA-24 regulates vascular remodeling via inhibiting PDGF-BB pathway in diabetic rat model. Gene 2018; 659:67-76. [PMID: 29559348 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperglycemia is the high risk factor of vascular remodeling induced by angioplasty, and neointimal hyperplasia is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling caused by carotid artery balloon injury. Studies have shown that MicroRNA 24 (miR-24) plays an important role in angiocardiopathy, However, the role of miR-24 is far from thorough research. In this study, we investigate whether up-regulation of miR-24 by using miR-24 recombinant adenovirus (Ad-miR-24-GFP) can inhibit PDGF-BB signaling pathway and attenuate vascular remodeling in the diabetic rat model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 60) were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with high sugar and high fat diet (Sham, Saline, Scramble, Ad-miR-24 groups), or ordinary diet (Control group). The front four groups were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) four weeks later and the blood glucose level was closely monitored. After the successful establishment of diabetic rats, the external carotid artery was injured by pressuring balloon 1.5 after internal carotid artery ligation, then the blood vessels were harvested 14 days later and indexes were detected including the following: HE staining for the level of vascular intima thickness, immunohistochemical detection for PCNA and P27 to test the proliferative degree of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), qRT-PCR for the level of miR-24, RAS,PDGF-R, western blot for the protein levels of JNK1/2, p- JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, RAS, PDGF-R, AP-1,P27 and PCNA. Serological detection was conducted for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8. RESULTS The delivery of Ad-miR-24 into balloon injury site has significantly increased the level of miR-24. Up-regulation of miR-24 could regulate vascular remodeling effectively, lower the level of inflammatory factors, inhibit the expression of mRNA and protein levels of JNK1/2, ERK1/2, RAS, PDGF-R, AP-1, P27, PCNA. CONCLUSION miR-24 can inhibit the expression of AP-1 via the inhibition of PDGF-BB signaling pathway, thus inhibit VSMCs proliferation and vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Three Gorges University, China.
| | - Ping Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Three Gorges University, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Three Gorges University, China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Three Gorges University, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
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9
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Seo Y, Song JS, Kim YM, Jang YP. Toralactone glycoside in Cassia obtusifolia mediates hepatoprotection via an Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 97:340-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Patmanathan SN, Wang W, Yap LF, Herr DR, Paterson IC. Mechanisms of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor signalling in cancer. Cell Signal 2017; 34:66-75. [PMID: 28302566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
S1P is a small bioactive lipid which exerts its effects following binding to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, known as S1P1-5. Following receptor activation, multiple signalling cascades are activated, allowing S1P to regulate a range of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis. There is strong evidence implicating the involvement of S1P receptors (S1PRs) in cancer progression and the oncogenic effects of S1P can result from alterations in the expression of one or more of the S1PRs and/or the enzymes that regulate the levels of S1P. However, cooperativity between the individual S1PRs, functional interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases and the sub-cellular localisation of the S1PRs within tumour cells also appear to play a role in mediating the effects of S1PR signalling during carcinogenesis. Here we review what is known regarding the role of individual S1PRs in cancer and discuss the recent evidence to suggest cross-talk between the S1PRs and other cellular signalling pathways in cancer. We will also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the S1PRs and their downstream signalling pathways for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Patmanathan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Lee Fah Yap
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Ian C Paterson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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Hepatocyte-protective effect of nectandrin B, a nutmeg lignan, against oxidative stress: Role of Nrf2 activation through ERK phosphorylation and AMPK-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 307:138-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Lee HJ, Lee EJ, Seo M. Galpha12 Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells from Serum Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis through Regulation of miR-155. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:247-53. [PMID: 26632408 PMCID: PMC4696961 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.1.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells is a type of endothelial damage that is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), including the alpha 12 subunit of G protein (Gα12), have been found to modulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of numerous cell types. However, the role of Gα12 in the regulation of apoptosis of vascular cells has not been elucidated. We investigated the role of Gα12 in serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS HUVECs were transfected with Gα12 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown the endogenous Gα12 expression and were serum-deprived for 6 h to induce apoptosis. The apoptosis of HUVECs were assessed by Western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expressions of microRNAs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Knockdown of Gα12 with siRNA augmented the serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis of HUVECs and markedly repressed the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155). Serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis of HUVECs was inhibited by the overexpression of miR-155 and increased significantly due to the inhibition of miR-155. Notably, the elevation of miR-155 expression prevented increased apoptosis of Gα12-deficient HUVECs. CONCLUSION From these results, we conclude that Gα12 protects HUVECs from serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis by retaining miR-155 expression. This suggests that Gα12 might play a protective role in vascular endothelial cells by regulating the expression of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jeong Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - MiRan Seo
- Severance Hospital Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral & Cardiovascular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Yu OM, Brown JH. G Protein-Coupled Receptor and RhoA-Stimulated Transcriptional Responses: Links to Inflammation, Differentiation, and Cell Proliferation. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:171-80. [PMID: 25904553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight G protein RhoA (rat sarcoma virus homolog family member A) serves as a node for transducing signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of RhoA occurs through coupling of G proteins, most prominently, G12/13, to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. The GPCR ligands that are most efficacious for RhoA activation include thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thromboxane A2. These ligands also stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation in a variety of cell and tissues types. The molecular events underlying these responses are the activation of transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators, and downstream gene programs. This review describes the pathways leading from GPCRs and RhoA to the regulation of activator protein-1, NFκB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), myocardin-related transcription factor A, and Yes-associated protein. We also focus on the importance of two prominent downstream transcriptional gene targets, the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase 2, and the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1). Finally, we describe the importance of GPCR-induced activation of these pathways in the pathophysiology of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
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14
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Miller E, Yang J, DeRan M, Wu C, Su A, Bonamy G, Liu J, Peters E, Wu X. Identification of Serum-Derived Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as a Small Molecule Regulator of YAP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:955-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Lau LF. CCN1/CYR61: the very model of a modern matricellular protein. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3149-63. [PMID: 21805345 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CCN1 (CYR61) is a dynamically expressed, multifunctional matricellular protein that plays essential roles in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, and regulates inflammation, wound healing and fibrogenesis in the adult. Aberrant CCN1 expression is associated with myriad pathologies, including various cancers and diseases associated with chronic inflammation. CCN1 promotes diverse and sometimes opposing cellular responses, which can be ascribed, as least in part, to disparate activities mediated through its direct binding to distinct integrins in different cell types and contexts. Accordingly, CCN1 promotes cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis by binding to integrin α(v)β(3), and induces apoptosis and senescence through integrin α(6)β(1) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The ability of CCN1 to trigger the accumulation of a robust and sustained level of reactive oxygen species underlies some of its unique activities as a matrix cell-adhesion molecule. Emerging studies suggest that CCN1 might be useful as a biomarker or therapeutic target in certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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