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Lin X, Long H, Liu J, Xiong W, Jiang R. A low androgen state impairs erectile function by suppressing EPAC1 in rat penile corpus cavernosum. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1528-1539. [PMID: 37969773 PMCID: PMC10643387 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exchange proteins activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) can promote vasodilatation by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway and prevent vascular smooth muscle contraction by restraining the ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) pathway. However, the relationship among EPAC1, androgen and erectile function is still unknown. Therefore, we attempted to investigate whether EPAC1 expresses in penile corpus cavernosum of rats and how EPAC1 affects erectile function under low androgenic conditions. Methods Thirty 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=5): sham operation (sham), castrated, castrated + testosterone replacement (castrated + T), sham + EPAC1 over-expression lentivirus (sham + EPAC1), castrated + empty lentivirus vector (castrated + empty vector), and castrated + EPAC1. Four weeks after the operation, the lentivirus vectors carrying the EPAC1 gene were injected into the penile corpus cavernosum of the sham + EPAC1 and castrated + EPAC1 groups (1×108 TU/mL, 20 µL per rat). A week after injection, the ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP) and the levels of serum testosterone (T), nitric oxide (NO), the active form of RhoA (RhoA-GTP), AKT, phospho-AKT (p-AKT), eNOS, phospho-eNOS (p-eNOS), p-AKT/AKT, p-eNOS/eNOS and EPAC1 levels were measured. Results In comparison to the sham group, ICPmax/MAP and EPAC1 content in the castrated group were significantly reduced. EPAC1 is primarily located in the cyto-membrane and cytoplasm of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the rat penile corpus cavernosum. In comparison to the sham group, the T, ICPmax/MAP and NO levels of the castrated group were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the RhoA-GTP concentration in the castrated + EPAC1 group was reduced in comparison with the castrated + empty vector group (P<0.01). Compared with the castrated + empty vector group, the p-AKT/AKT, EPAC1 and p-eNOS/eNOS levels in the castrated + EPAC1 group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusions Androgen deficiency can suppress EPAC1 expression in the penile corpus cavernosum of rats, while the up-regulation of which can improve the erectile function of castrated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenju Xiong
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nephropathy Clinical Medical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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2
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Schweizer L, Schaller T, Zwiebel M, Karayel Ö, Müller‐Reif JB, Zeng W, Dintner S, Nordmann TM, Hirschbühl K, Märkl B, Claus R, Mann M. Quantitative multiorgan proteomics of fatal COVID-19 uncovers tissue-specific effects beyond inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17459. [PMID: 37519267 PMCID: PMC10493576 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 may directly and indirectly damage lung tissue and other host organs, but there are few system-wide, untargeted studies of these effects on the human body. Here, we developed a parallelized mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics workflow enabling the rapid, quantitative analysis of hundreds of virus-infected FFPE tissues. The first layer of response to SARS-CoV-2 in all tissues was dominated by circulating inflammatory molecules. Beyond systemic inflammation, we differentiated between systemic and true tissue-specific effects to reflect distinct COVID-19-associated damage patterns. Proteomic changes in the lungs resembled those of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in non-COVID-19 patients. Extensive organ-specific changes were also evident in the kidneys, liver, and lymphatic and vascular systems. Secondary inflammatory effects in the brain were related to rearrangements in neurotransmitter receptors and myelin degradation. These MS-proteomics-derived results contribute substantially to our understanding of COVID-19 pathomechanisms and suggest strategies for organ-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schweizer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Tina Schaller
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Zwiebel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Present address:
Department of Physiological ChemistryGenentechSouth San FranciscoUSA
| | | | - Wen‐Feng Zeng
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Klaus Hirschbühl
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
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3
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Edwards W, Greco TM, Miner GE, Barker NK, Herring L, Cohen S, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies global protein network dynamics in murine embryonic heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1087-1105.e4. [PMID: 37148880 PMCID: PMC10330608 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that govern heart development is essential for identifying the etiology of congenital heart disease. Here, quantitative proteomics was used to measure temporal changes in the proteome at critical stages of murine embryonic heart development. Global temporal profiles of the over 7,300 proteins uncovered signature cardiac protein interaction networks that linked protein dynamics with molecular pathways. Using this integrated dataset, we identified and demonstrated a functional role for the mevalonate pathway in regulating the cell cycle of embryonic cardiomyocytes. Overall, our proteomic datasets are a resource for studying events that regulate embryonic heart development and contribute to congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gregory E Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA.
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4
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Ferri G, Musikant D, Edreira MM. Host Cell Rap1b mediates cAMP-dependent invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011191. [PMID: 36897926 PMCID: PMC10032529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cAMP-mediated invasion has long been described, however, the detailed mechanism of action of the pathway activated by this cyclic nucleotide still remains unknown. We have recently demonstrated a crucial role for Epac in the cAMP-mediated invasion of the host cell. In this work, we gathered evidence indicating that the cAMP/Epac pathway is activated in different cells lines. In accordance, data collected from pull-down experiments designed to identify only the active form of Rap1b (Rap1b-GTP), and infection assays using cells transfected with a constitutively active mutant of Rap1b (Rap1b-G12V), strongly suggest the participation of Rap1b as mediator of the pathway. In addition to the activation of this small GTPase, fluorescence microscopy allowed us to demonstrate the relocalization of Rap1b to the entry site of the parasite. Moreover, phospho-mimetic and non-phosphorylable mutants of Rap1b were used to demonstrate a PKA-dependent antagonistic effect on the pathway, by phosphorylation of Rap1b, and potentially of Epac. Finally, Western Blot analysis was used to determine the involvement of the MEK/ERK signalling downstream of cAMP/Epac/Rap1b-mediated invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ferri
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Trypanosomas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Musikant
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Trypanosomas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin M Edreira
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Trypanosomas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Armignacco R, Reel PS, Reel S, Jouinot A, Septier A, Gaspar C, Perlemoine K, Larsen CK, Bouys L, Braun L, Riester A, Kroiss M, Bonnet-Serrano F, Amar L, Blanchard A, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Prejbisz A, Januszewicz A, Dobrowolski P, Davies E, MacKenzie SM, Rossi GP, Lenzini L, Ceccato F, Scaroni C, Mulatero P, Williams TA, Pecori A, Monticone S, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Zennaro MC, Bertherat J, Jefferson E, Assié G. Whole blood methylome-derived features to discriminate endocrine hypertension. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:142. [PMCID: PMC9635165 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial hypertension represents a worldwide health burden and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension can be primary (primary hypertension, PHT), or secondary to endocrine disorders (endocrine hypertension, EHT), such as Cushing's syndrome (CS), primary aldosteronism (PA), and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). Diagnosis of EHT is currently based on hormone assays. Efficient detection remains challenging, but is crucial to properly orientate patients for diagnostic confirmation and specific treatment. More accurate biomarkers would help in the diagnostic pathway. We hypothesized that each type of endocrine hypertension could be associated with a specific blood DNA methylation signature, which could be used for disease discrimination. To identify such markers, we aimed at exploring the methylome profiles in a cohort of 255 patients with hypertension, either PHT (n = 42) or EHT (n = 213), and at identifying specific discriminating signatures using machine learning approaches. Results Unsupervised classification of samples showed discrimination of PHT from EHT. CS patients clustered separately from all other patients, whereas PA and PPGL showed an overall overlap. Global methylation was decreased in the CS group compared to PHT. Supervised comparison with PHT identified differentially methylated CpG sites for each type of endocrine hypertension, showing a diffuse genomic location. Among the most differentially methylated genes, FKBP5 was identified in the CS group. Using four different machine learning methods—Lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine—predictive models for each type of endocrine hypertension were built on training cohorts (80% of samples for each hypertension type) and estimated on validation cohorts (20% of samples for each hypertension type). Balanced accuracies ranged from 0.55 to 0.74 for predicting EHT, 0.85 to 0.95 for predicting CS, 0.66 to 0.88 for predicting PA, and 0.70 to 0.83 for predicting PPGL. Conclusions The blood DNA methylome can discriminate endocrine hypertension, with methylation signatures for each type of endocrine disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01347-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Armignacco
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Parminder S. Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Smarti Reel
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Anne Jouinot
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.440907.e0000 0004 1784 3645Institut Curie, INSERM U900, MINES ParisTech, PSL-Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Septier
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Cassandra Gaspar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMS Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, P3S, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Perlemoine
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Casper K. Larsen
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucas Bouys
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Leah Braun
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Unité Hypertension Artérielle, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blanchard
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Centre d’Investigations Cliniques 9201, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- grid.418887.aDepartment of Hypertension, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleanor Davies
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Scott M. MacKenzie
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XBHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Livia Lenzini
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Emergency and Hypertension Unit, University of Padova, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ceccato
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Scaroni
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630UOC Endocrinologia, Dipartimento di Medicina DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tracy A. Williams
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Pecori
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Monticone
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.412004.30000 0004 0478 9977Klinikfür Endokrinologie, Diabetologie Und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich (USZ) and Universität Zürich (UZH), Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reincke
- grid.411095.80000 0004 0477 2585Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- grid.462416.30000 0004 0495 1460Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France ,grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Service de Génétique, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Emily Jefferson
- grid.8241.f0000 0004 0397 2876Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK ,grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ UK
| | - Guillaume Assié
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France ,grid.411784.f0000 0001 0274 3893Service d’Endocrinologie, Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
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6
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Cao N, Lan C, Chen C, Xu Z, Luo H, Zheng S, Gong X, Ren H, Li Z, Qu S, Yu C, Yang J, Jose PA, Chen Y, Wu G, Hu C, Yu J, Zeng C. Prenatal Lipopolysaccharides Exposure Induces Transgenerational Inheritance of Hypertension. Circulation 2022; 146:1082-1095. [PMID: 36004643 PMCID: PMC9529859 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse environmental exposure during the prenatal period can lead to diseases in the offspring, including hypertension. Whether or not the hypertensive phenotype can be transgenerationally transmitted is not known. METHODS Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gestation days 6, 8, 10, and 12 to generate the prenatal LPS exposure model. Blood pressure was monitored by both telemetry and tail-cuff method. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze transcriptome alteration in the kidney of the third generation. Tempol and spironolactone were used to test the potential preventative and therapeutic effect of targeting reactive oxygen species and mineralocorticoid receptor signaling, respectively. Molecular biological experiments were performed to illustrate the mechanism of epigenetic and transcription regulation. RESULTS Prenatal LPS exposure can impair the ability to excrete a salt load and induce hypertension from the first to the third generations, with the fourth and fifth generations, inducing salt-sensitive hypertension. Compared with control pups, the transcriptome in the kidney of the hypertensive third-generation prenatal LPS-exposed offspring have upregulation of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) gene and activation of mineralocorticoid receptor signaling. Furthermore, we found that LPS exposure during pregnancy triggered oxidative stress that upregulated KDM3B (histone lysine demethylase 3B) in the oocytes of first-generation female rats, leading to an inheritable low level of H3K9me2 (histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation), resulting in the transgenerational upregulation of Rac1. Based on these findings, we treated the LPS-exposed pregnant rats with the reactive oxygen species scavenger, tempol, which successfully prevented hypertension in the first-generation offspring and the transgenerational inheritance of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that adverse prenatal exposure induces transgenerational hypertension through an epigenetic-regulated mechanism and identify potentially preventive and therapeutic strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Cuimei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P. R. China
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7
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Bian W, Liu Z, Chu Y, Xing X. Silencing of circ_0078607 prevents development of gastric cancer and inactivates the ERK1/2/AKT pathway through the miR-188-3p/RAP1B axis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:909-918. [PMID: 33929989 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the expression and mechanism of circ_0078607 on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of circ_0078607 in gastric cancer tumor tissues, plasma and cell lines. Cell viability was detected by cell counting Kit-8. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by cell cycle assay. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry for the detection of apoptosis. Luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were carried out to verify the relationship between circ_0078607 and miR-188-3p, miR-188-3p, and RAP1B. Western blot was employed to detect the protein level of RAP1B, ERK1/2 and AKT. In vivo, the effect of circ_0078607 on gastric cancer tumor growth was detected by lentivirus vector injection. Here, we found the increased level of circ_0078607 in gastric cancer tissues, gastric cancer patients plasma and cell lines. Knockdown of circ_0078607 could prevent proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in MKN-28 cells. Then we verified that circ_0078607 could interact with miR-188-3p by performed luciferase assay and RIP. Furthermore, we observed that RAP1B was a potential target of miR-188-3p. Next, we found that miR-188-3p inhibitor or overexpression of RAP1B could prevent the anti-tumor function of sh-circ_0078607. Silencing of circ_0078607 inhibited ERK1/2/AKT signal pathways via regulating miR-188-3p/RAP1B. In vivo, knockdown of circ_0078607 inhibited tumor growth. Knockdown of circ_0078607 inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer via miR-188-3p/RAP1B signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Bian
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Yanjie Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital
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8
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Kosuru R, Singh B, Lakshmikanthan S, Nishijima Y, Vasquez-Vivar J, Zhang DX, Chrzanowska M. Distinct Signaling Functions of Rap1 Isoforms in NO Release From Endothelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687598. [PMID: 34222255 PMCID: PMC8247587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPase Rap1 plays a prominent role in endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis by promoting NO release. Endothelial deletion of the two highly homologous Rap1 isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B, leads to endothelial dysfunction ex vivo and hypertension in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that Rap1B promotes NO release in response to shear flow by promoting mechanosensing complex formation involving VEGFR2 and Akt activation. However, the specific contribution of the Rap1A isoform to NO release and the underlying molecular mechanisms through which the two Rap1 isoforms control endothelial function are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction resulting from knockout of both Rap1A and Rap1B isoforms is ameliorated by exogenous L-Arg administration to rescue NO-dependent vasorelaxation and blood pressure. We confirmed that Rap1B is rapidly activated in response to agonists that trigger eNOS activation, and its deletion in ECs attenuates eNOS activation, as detected by decreased Ser1177 phosphorylation. Somewhat surprising was the finding that EC deletion of Rap1A does not lead to impaired agonist-induced vasorelaxation ex vivo. Mechanistically, the deletion of Rap1A led to elevated eNOS phosphorylation both at the inhibitory, T495, and the activating Ser1177 residues. These findings indicate that the two Rap1 isoforms act via distinct signaling pathways: while Rap1B directly positively regulates eNOS activation, Rap1A prevents negative regulation of eNOS. Notably, the combined deficiency of Rap1A and Rap1B has a severe effect on eNOS activity and NO release with an in vivo impact on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoji Kosuru
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bandana Singh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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9
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Rap1a Regulates Cardiac Fibroblast Contraction of 3D Diabetic Collagen Matrices by Increased Activation of the AGE/RAGE Cascade. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061286. [PMID: 34067282 PMCID: PMC8224555 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common diabetic complication that can arise when cardiac fibroblasts transition into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast transition can be induced by advanced glycated end products (AGEs) present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) activating RAGE (receptor for advanced glycated end products) to elicit intracellular signaling. The levels of AGEs are higher under diabetic conditions due to the hyperglycemic conditions present in diabetics. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to alter protein expression and ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in changes in cellular function, such as migration and contraction. Recently, a small GTPase, Rap1a, has been identified to overlap the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade and mediate changes in protein expression. While Rap1a has been shown to impact AGE/RAGE-induced protein expression, there are currently no data examining the impact Rap1a has on AGE/RAGE-induced cardiac fibroblast function. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of Rap1a on AGE/RAGE-mediated cardiac fibroblast contraction, as well as the influence isolated diabetic ECM has on facilitating these effects. In order to address this idea, genetically different cardiac fibroblasts were embedded in 3D collagen matrices consisting of collagen isolated from either non-diabetic of diabetic mice. Fibroblasts were treated with EPAC and/or exogenous AGEs, which was followed by assessment of matrix contraction, protein expression (α-SMA, SOD-1, and SOD-2), and hydrogen peroxide production. The results showed Rap1a overlaps the AGE/RAGE cascade to increase the myofibroblast population and generation of ROS production. The increase in myofibroblasts and oxidative stress appeared to contribute to increased matrix contraction, which was further exacerbated by diabetic conditions. Based off these results, we determined that Rap1a was essential in mediating the response of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs within diabetic collagen.
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10
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Singh B, Kosuru R, Lakshmikanthan S, Sorci-Thomas M, Zhang D, Sparapani R, Vasquez-Vivar J, Chrzanowska M. Endothelial Rap1 (Ras-Association Proximate 1) Restricts Inflammatory Signaling to Protect From the Progression of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:638-650. [PMID: 33267664 PMCID: PMC8105264 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Small GTPase Rap1 (Ras-association proximate 1) is a novel, positive regulator of NO release and endothelial function with a potentially key role in mechanosensing of atheroprotective, laminar flow. Our objective was to delineate the role of Rap1 in the progression of atherosclerosis and its specific functions in the presence and absence of laminar flow, to better define its role in endothelial mechanisms contributing to plaque formation and atherogenesis. Approach and Results: In a mouse atherosclerosis model, endothelial Rap1B deletion exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque formation. In the thoracic aorta, where laminar shear stress-induced NO is otherwise atheroprotective, plaque area is increased in Athero-Rap1BiΔEC (atherogenic endothelial cell-specific, tamoxifen-inducible Rap1A+Rap1B knockout) mice. Endothelial Rap1 deficiency also leads to increased plaque size, leukocyte accumulation, and increased CAM (cell adhesion molecule) expression in atheroprone areas, whereas vascular permeability is unchanged. In endothelial cells, in the absence of protective laminar flow, Rap1 deficiency leads to an increased proinflammatory TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling and increased NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation and elevated inflammatory receptor expression. Interestingly, this increased signaling to NF-κB activation is corrected by AKTVIII-an inhibitor of Akt (protein kinase B) translocation to the membrane. Together, these data implicate Rap1 in restricting Akt-dependent signaling, preventing excessive cytokine receptor signaling and proinflammatory NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Via 2 distinct mechanisms, endothelial Rap1 protects from the atherosclerosis progression in the presence and absence of laminar flow; Rap1-stimulated NO release predominates in laminar flow, and restriction of proinflammatory signaling predominates in the absence of laminar flow. Our studies provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying endothelial homeostasis and reveal the importance of Rap1 signaling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Singh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ramoji Kosuru
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Mary Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Magdalena Chrzanowska
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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11
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Lin YH, Platt MP, Gilley RP, Brown D, Dube PH, Yu Y, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. Influenza Causes MLKL-Driven Cardiac Proteome Remodeling During Convalescence. Circ Res 2021; 128:570-584. [PMID: 33501852 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Patients with and without cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be at risk of influenza-mediated cardiac complications. Recent clinical reports support the notion of a direct link between laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections and adverse cardiac events. OBJECTIVE Define the molecular mechanisms underlying influenza virus-induced cardiac pathogenesis after resolution of pulmonary infection and the role of necroptosis in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Hearts from wild-type and necroptosis-deficient (MLKL [mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein]-KO) mice were dissected 12 days after initial influenza A virus (IAV) infection when viral titers were undetectable in the lungs. Immunofluorescence microscopy and plaque assays showed presence of viable IAV particles in the myocardium without generation of interferon responses. Global proteome and phosphoproteome analyses using high-resolution accurate mass-based LC-MS/MS and label-free quantitation showed that the global proteome as well as the phosphoproteome profiles were significantly altered in IAV-infected mouse hearts in a strain-independent manner. Necroptosis-deficient mice had increased survival and reduced weight loss post-IAV infection, as well as increased antioxidant and mitochondrial function, indicating partial protection to IAV infection. These findings were confirmed in vitro by pretreatment of human and rat myocytes with antioxidants or necroptosis inhibitors, which blunted oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage after IAV infection. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that the cardiac proteome and phosphoproteome are significantly altered post-pulmonary influenza infection. Moreover, viral particles can persist in the heart after lung clearance, altering mitochondrial function and promoting cell death without active replication and interferon responses. Finally, our findings show inhibition of necroptosis or prevention of mitochondrial damage as possible therapeutic interventions to reduce cardiac damage during influenza infections. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD (Y.-H.L., M.P.P., D.B., Y.Y., N.G.-J.)
| | - Maryann P Platt
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD (Y.-H.L., M.P.P., D.B., Y.Y., N.G.-J.)
| | - Ryan P Gilley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX (R.P.G., P.H.D.)
| | - David Brown
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD (Y.-H.L., M.P.P., D.B., Y.Y., N.G.-J.)
| | - Peter H Dube
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX (R.P.G., P.H.D.)
| | - Yanbao Yu
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD (Y.-H.L., M.P.P., D.B., Y.Y., N.G.-J.)
| | - Norberto Gonzalez-Juarbe
- Infectious Diseases and Genomic Medicine Group, J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD (Y.-H.L., M.P.P., D.B., Y.Y., N.G.-J.)
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12
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EPAC in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145160. [PMID: 32708284 PMCID: PMC7404248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are major components of blood vessels. They regulate physiological functions, such as vascular tone and blood flow. Under pathological conditions, VSMCs undergo a remodeling process known as phenotypic switching. During this process, VSMCs lose their contractility and acquire a synthetic phenotype, where they over-proliferate and migrate from the tunica media to the tunica interna, contributing to the occlusion of blood vessels. Since their discovery as effector proteins of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP), exchange proteins activated by cAMP (EPACs) have been shown to play vital roles in a plethora of pathways in different cell systems. While extensive research to identify the role of EPAC in the vasculature has been conducted, much remains to be explored to resolve the reported discordance in EPAC’s effects. In this paper, we review the role of EPAC in VSMCs, namely its regulation of the vascular tone and phenotypic switching, with the likely involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the interplay between EPAC and its targets/effectors.
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13
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Li B, Wang R, Wang Y, Stief CG, Hennenberg M. Regulation of smooth muscle contraction by monomeric non-RhoA GTPases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3865-3877. [PMID: 32579705 PMCID: PMC7429483 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction in the cardiovascular system, airways, prostate and lower urinary tract is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular and obstructive lung disease plus lower urinary tract symptoms, which are associated with high prevalence of morbidity and mortality. This prominent clinical role of smooth muscle tone has led to the molecular mechanisms involved being subjected to extensive research. In general smooth muscle contraction is promoted by three major signalling pathways, including the monomeric GTPase RhoA pathway. However, emerging evidence suggests that monomeric GTPases other than RhoA may be involved in signal transduction in smooth muscle contraction, including Rac GTPases, cell division control protein 42 homologue, adenosine ribosylation factor 6, Ras, Rap1b and Rab GTPases. Here, we review these emerging functions of non-RhoA GTPases in smooth muscle contraction, which has now become increasingly more evident and constitutes an emerging and innovative research area of high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Li
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hennenberg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Integration of Rap1 and Calcium Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051616. [PMID: 32120817 PMCID: PMC7084553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal intracellular signal. The modulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration regulates a plethora of cellular processes, such as: synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, chemotaxis of immune cells, platelet aggregation, vasodilation, and cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Rap1 GTPases are ubiquitously expressed binary switches that alternate between active and inactive states and are regulated by diverse families of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Active Rap1 couples extracellular stimulation with intracellular signaling through secondary messengers—cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Ca2+, and diacylglycerol (DAG). Much evidence indicates that Rap1 signaling intersects with Ca2+ signaling pathways to control the important cellular functions of platelet activation or neuronal plasticity. Rap1 acts as an effector of Ca2+ signaling when activated by mechanisms involving Ca2+ and DAG-activated (CalDAG-) GEFs. Conversely, activated by other GEFs, such as cAMP-dependent GEF Epac, Rap1 controls cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. It does so by regulating the activity of Ca2+ signaling proteins such as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). In this review, we focus on the physiological significance of the links between Rap1 and Ca2+ signaling and emphasize the molecular interactions that may offer new targets for the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, among other diseases.
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15
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Luchowska-Stańska U, Morgan D, Yarwood SJ, Barker G. Selective small-molecule EPAC activators. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1415-1427. [PMID: 31671184 PMCID: PMC6824682 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cellular signalling enzymes, EPAC1 and EPAC2, have emerged as key intracellular sensors of the secondary messenger cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) alongside protein kinase A. Interest has been galvanised in recent years thanks to the emergence of these species as potential targets for new cardiovascular disease therapies, including vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells. We herein summarise the current state-of-the-art in small-molecule EPAC activity modulators, including cyclic nucleotides, sulphonylureas, and N-acylsulphonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Luchowska-Stańska
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics, and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - David Morgan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Stephen J. Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics, and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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16
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Strassheim D, Gerasimovskaya E, Irwin D, Dempsey EC, Stenmark K, Karoor V. RhoGTPase in Vascular Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E551. [PMID: 31174369 PMCID: PMC6627336 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-homologous (Rho)A/Rho-kinase pathway plays an essential role in many cellular functions, including contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis, inflammation, and its excessive activity induces oxidative stress and promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Given its role in many physiological and pathological functions, targeting can result in adverse effects and limit its use for therapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of RhoGTPases with an emphasis on RhoA in vascular disease and its impact on endothelial, smooth muscle, and heart and lung fibroblasts. It is clear from the various studies that understanding the regulation of RhoGTPases and their regulators in physiology and pathological conditions is required for effective targeting of Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - David Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Edward C Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Lab, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Bátori R, Kumar S, Bordán Z, Cherian-Shaw M, Kovács-Kása A, MacDonald JA, Fulton DJR, Erdődi F, Verin AD. Differential mechanisms of adenosine- and ATPγS-induced microvascular endothelial barrier strengthening. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5863-5879. [PMID: 29271489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier is critical to vascular homeostasis and a loss of barrier integrity results in increased vascular permeability. While the mechanisms that govern increased EC permeability have been under intense investigation over the past several decades, the processes regulating the preservation/restoration of the EC barrier remain poorly understood. Herein we show that the extracellular purines, adenosine (Ado) and adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) can strengthen the barrier function of human lung microvascular EC (HLMVEC). This ability involves protein kinase A (PKA) activation and decreases in myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) phosphorylation secondary to the involvement of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). In contrast to Ado, ATPγS-induced PKA activation is accompanied by a modest, but significant decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels supporting the existence of an unconventional cAMP-independent pathway of PKA activation. Furthermore, ATPγS-induced EC barrier strengthening does not involve the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (EPAC1) which is directly activated by cAMP but is instead dependent upon PKA-anchor protein 2 (AKAP2) expression. We also found that AKAP2 can directly interact with the myosin phosphatase-targeting protein MYPT1 and that depletion of AKAP2 abolished ATPγS-induced increases in transendothelial electrical resistance. Ado-induced strengthening of the HLMVEC barrier required the coordinated activation of PKA and EPAC1 in a cAMP-dependent manner. In summary, ATPγS-induced enhancement of the EC barrier is EPAC1-independent and is instead mediated by activation of PKA which is then guided by AKAP2, in a cAMP-independent mechanism, to activate MLCP which dephosphorylates MLC20 resulting in reduced EC contraction and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Bátori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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18
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Long-term moderate exercise enhances specific proteins that constitute neurotrophin signaling pathway: A TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of rat plasma. J Proteomics 2018; 185:39-50. [PMID: 29953961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise has been reported to increase neurotrophin in brain tissues as hippocampus as well as increased neurotrophic level peripherally in blood plasma and might have an effect on/or affect molecular processes of energy metabolism (and homeostasis). In this study, using quantitative proteomic analysis, we obtained a plasma protein profile from the rat with long-term moderate exercise. A total of 752 proteins were identified in the plasma. Among them, 54 proteins were significant up-regulated and 47 proteins were down-regulated in the plasma of exercise group compared with the control group. Bioinformatic analyses showed that these altered proteins are widely involved in multiple biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components, which connect with 11 signaling pathways. Interestingly, 5 up-regulated proteins Rap1b, PTPN11, ARHGDIA, Cdc42 and YWHAE, confirmed by Western blots, are involved in the neurotrophin signaling pathway which shows the lowest P value among the identified pathways. Further analyses showed that the 5 neurotrophin-signaling-pathway-related proteins participate in two important protein-protein interaction networks associated to cell survival and apoptosis, axonal development, synapse formation and plasticity. This study provides an exercise-induced plasma protein profile, suggesting that long-term exercise enhances the proteins involved in neurotrophin signaling pathway which may contribute to health benefit. SIGNIFICANCE Physical activity contributes to myriad benefits on body health across the lifespan. The changes in plasma proteins after chronic moderate exercise may be used as biomarkers for health and may also play important roles in increase of cardiovascular fitness, enhancement of immune competence, prevention of obesity, decrease of risk for neurological disorders, cancer, stroke, diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Using a TMT-based proteomic method, this study identified 101 altered proteins in the plasma of rats after long-term moderate treadmill running, which may provide novel biomarkers for further investigation of the underlying mechanism of physical exercise. We confirmed that exercise enhances 5 proteins of the neurotrophin signaling pathway that may contribute to health benefits.
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20
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Mu YP, Lin DC, Zheng SY, Jiao HX, Sham JSK, Lin MJ. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-8 Activation Induces Relaxation of Pulmonary Artery by Inhibition of Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Normoxic and Chronic Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:544-555. [PMID: 29622593 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.247320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by enhanced vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling, which are attributable to the alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). It is well established that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is augmented in PASMCs during PH and that it plays a crucial role in PH development. Our previous studies showed that the melastatin-related transient receptor potential 8 (TRPM8) is down-regulated in PASMCs of PH animal models, and activation of TRPM8 causes relaxation of pulmonary arteries (PAs). However, the mechanism of TRPM8-induced PA relaxation is unclear. Here we examined the interaction of TRPM8 and SOCE in PAs and PASMCs of normoxic and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive (CHPH) rats, a model of human group 3 PH. We found that TRPM8 was down-regulated and TRPM8-mediated cation entry was reduced in CHPH-PASMCs. Activation of TRPM8 with icilin caused concentration-dependent relaxation of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and endothelin-1 contracted endothelium-denuded PAs, and the effect was abolished by the SOCE antagonist Gd3+ Application of icilin to PASMCs suppressed CPA-induced Mn2+ quenching and Ca2+ entry, which was reversed by the TRPM8 antagonist N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-([(3-methylphenyl)methyl])-oxy-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide hydrochloride salt (AMTB). Moreover, the inhibitory effects of icilin on SOCE in PA and PASMCs of CHPH rats were significantly augmented due to enhanced SOCE activity in PH. Our results, therefore, demonstrated a novel mechanism of TRPM8-mediated inhibition of SOCE in pulmonary vasculature. Because SOCE is important for vascular remodeling and enhanced vasoconstriction, down-regulation of TRPM8 in PASMCs of CHPH rats may minimize its inhibitory influence to allow unimpeded SOCE activity for PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
| | - Da-Cen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
| | - Si-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
| | - Hai-Xia Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
| | - James S K Sham
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., J.S.K.S., M.-J.L.) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.-P.M., D.-C.L., S.-Y.Z., H.-X.J., M.-J.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (Y.-P.M., J.S.K.S.)
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21
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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22
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Kovacs-Kasa A, Kim KM, Cherian-Shaw M, Black SM, Fulton DJ, Verin AD. Extracellular adenosine-induced Rac1 activation in pulmonary endothelium: Molecular mechanisms and barrier-protective role. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5736-5746. [PMID: 29168172 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that Gs-coupled adenosine receptors (A2a) are primarily involved in adenosine-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell (HPAEC) barrier enhancement. However, the downstream events that mediate the strengthening of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier via adenosine signaling are largely unknown. In the current study, we tested the overall hypothesis that adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and EC barrier enhancement is mediated by Gs-dependent stimulation of cAMP-dependent Epac1-mediated signaling cascades. Adenoviral transduction of HPAEC with constitutively-active (C/A) Rac1 (V12Rac1) significantly increases transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) reflecting an enhancement of the EC barrier. Conversely, expression of an inactive Rac1 mutant (N17Rac1) decreases TER reflecting a compromised EC barrier. The adenosine-induced increase in TER was accompanied by activation of Rac1, decrease in contractility (MLC dephosphorylation), but not Rho inhibition. Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 activity attenuates adenosine-induced increase in TER. We next examined the role of cAMP-activated Epac1 and its putative downstream targets Rac1, Vav2, Rap1, and Tiam1. Depletion of Epac1 attenuated the adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and the increase in TER. Furthermore, silencing of Rac1 specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Vav2 and Rap1a expression significantly attenuated adenosine-induced increases in TER and activation of Rac1. Depletion of Rap1b only modestly impacted adenosine-induced increases in TER and Tiam1 depletion had no effect on adenosine-induced Rac1 activation and TER. Together these data strongly suggest that Rac1 activity is required for adenosine-induced EC barrier enhancement and that the activation of Rac1 and ability to strengthen the EC barrier depends, at least in part, on cAMP-dependent Epac1/Vav2/Rap1-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Lung Vascular Pathobiology, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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23
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Barker G, Parnell E, van Basten B, Buist H, Adams DR, Yarwood SJ. The Potential of a Novel Class of EPAC-Selective Agonists to Combat Cardiovascular Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4040022. [PMID: 29367551 PMCID: PMC5753123 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) sensor enzyme, EPAC1, is a candidate drug target in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) due to its ability to attenuate proinflammatory cytokine signalling normally associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. This is through the EPAC1-dependent induction of the suppressor of cytokine signalling gene, SOCS3, which targets inflammatory signalling proteins for ubiquitinylation and destruction by the proteosome. Given this important role for the EPAC1/SOCS3 signalling axis, we have used high throughput screening (HTS) to identify small molecule EPAC1 regulators and have recently isolated the first known non-cyclic nucleotide (NCN) EPAC1 agonist, I942. I942 therefore represents the first in class, isoform selective EPAC1 activator, with the potential to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling with a reduced risk of side effects associated with general cAMP-elevating agents that activate multiple response pathways. The development of augmented I942 analogues may therefore provide improved research tools to validate EPAC1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with deadly CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Boy van Basten
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Hanna Buist
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David R Adams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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24
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Fosmo AL, Skraastad ØB. The Kv7 Channel and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:75. [PMID: 29259974 PMCID: PMC5723334 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels play a pivotal role in the regulation of excitability in cells such as neurons, cardiac myocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The KCNQ (Kv7) family of voltage-activated K+ channels hyperpolarizes the cell and stabilizes the membrane potential. Here, we outline how Kv7 channel activity may contribute to the development of the cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Questions and hypotheses regarding previous and future research have been raised. Alterations in the Kv7 channel may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pharmacological modification of Kv7 channels may represent a possible treatment for CVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Fosmo
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind B Skraastad
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ubiquitously-expressed small GTPase Rap1 is a key modulator of integrin- and cadherin-regulated processes. In endothelium, Rap1 promotes angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, acting downstream from cAMP-activated Rap1GEF, Epac. Recent in-vivo studies in mouse models have provided more information about the physiological role of Rap1 in vessel development and after birth under normal and pathologic conditions. Important molecular details of dynamic regulation of endothelial barrier are uncovered. RECENT FINDINGS Rap1 is not essential for initial vessel formation but is critical for vessel stabilization, as double knockout of the two Rap1 isoforms leads to hemorrhage and embryonic lethality. After development, Rap1 is not required for endothelial barrier maintenance but is critical for nitric oxide production and endothelial function. Radil and Afadin mediate Rap1 effects on endothelial barrier function by regulating connection with Rho GTPases, actomyosin cytoskeleton, and cell-cell adhesion receptors. SUMMARY Rap1 is critically required for nitric oxide release and normal endothelial function in vivo. Mechanistic studies lead to a novel paradigm of Rap1 as a critical regulator of endothelial cell shear stress responses and endothelial homeostasis. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial barrier regulation may identify novel pharmacological targets for retinopathies and conditions with altered endothelial barrier function or when increased endothelial barrier is desired.
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26
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Lautenschläger I, Wong YL, Sarau J, Goldmann T, Zitta K, Albrecht M, Frerichs I, Weiler N, Uhlig S. Signalling mechanisms in PAF-induced intestinal failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13382. [PMID: 29042668 PMCID: PMC5645457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary leakage syndrome, vasomotor disturbances and gut atony are common clinical problems in intensive care medicine. Various inflammatory mediators and signalling pathways are involved in these pathophysiological alterations among them platelet-activating factor (PAF). The related signalling mechanisms of the PAF-induced dysfunctions are only poorly understood. Here we used the model of the isolated perfused rat small intestine to analyse the role of calcium (using calcium deprivation, IP-receptor blockade (2-APB)), cAMP (PDE-inhibition plus AC activator), myosin light chain kinase (inhibitor ML-7) and Rho-kinase (inhibitor Y27632) in the following PAF-induced malfunctions: vasoconstriction, capillary and mucosal leakage, oedema formation, malabsorption and atony. Among these, the PAF-induced vasoconstriction and hyperpermeability appear to be governed by similar mechanisms that involve IP3 receptors, extracellular calcium and the Rho-kinase. Our findings further suggest that cAMP-elevating treatments - while effective against hypertension and oedema - bear the risk of dysmotility and reduced nutrient uptake. Agents such as 2-APB or Y27632, on the other hand, showed no negative side effects and improved most of the PAF-induced malfunctions suggesting that their therapeutic usefulness should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Lautenschläger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yuk Lung Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Sarau
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostic, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Centre Borstel, Leibniz-Centre for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Loader TB, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Jones PJH. Chlorogenic acid from coffee beans: evaluating the evidence for a blood pressure-regulating health claim. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:114-133. [PMID: 28130503 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of coffee has been associated with a number of health benefits, including a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is an important risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Coffee may help reduce blood pressure (BP) in humans, which might be attributable to its polyphenolic compound, chlorogenic acid. The high incidence of hypertension among Canadians underscores the need for new and effective strategies to reduce BP. Dietary interventions may constitute such a strategy, but consumers need to be informed about which foods are most effective for regulating BP. To guide healthy eating, Health Canada permits the use of health claims on the labels of foods that confer health benefits. Currently, there is only one health claim for BP regulation. Additional health claims for foods that assist in BP regulation are therefore warranted. This review provides background information on chlorogenic acid and examines the evidence regarding the use of chlorogenic acid for BP regulation in the context of Health Canada's health claims framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara B Loader
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St-Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St-Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St-Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, and the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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28
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Cheng X, Joe B. Circular RNAs in rat models of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:484-490. [PMID: 28778982 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00064.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as an important new class of genomic regulatory molecules contributing to the development of various diseases, but their relevance to the development and progression of hypertension remains largely unknown. A major impediment to begin studying circRNAs in rat models of inherited hypertension is that the rat as a valuable model of human diseases lags far behind the mouse and human in providing knowledge on circRNAs. In this study, a genome-wide circRNA profiling was performed from four rat strains that are widely used in hypertension research: the Dahl salt-sensitive rat (S), the Dahl salt-resistant rat (R), the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY). Combined hybridization data obtained from these four strains allowed for the identification of 12,846 circRNAs as being expressed in the rat kidneys. Out of these, 318 and 110 circRNAs were differentially expressed with a fold change > 1.5 (P < 0.05) in S vs. R and SHR vs. WKY, respectively. Among these circRNAs, circRNA/microRNA interaction was predicted since circRNAs are known as microRNA sponges to sequester microRNAs. Several circRNAs were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. To our knowledge, our study is the primary report of profiling circRNAs in renal tissue and illustrates that circRNAs could be candidate genetic factors controlling blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio;
| | - Bina Joe
- Program in Physiological Genomics, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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AT1 receptor signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:4-13. [PMID: 28527699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology has been well described whereas the detailed molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) is one of the key players in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. The AT1 receptor promotes various intracellular signaling pathways resulting in hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and end organ damage. Accumulating evidence shows the complex picture of AT1 receptor-mediated signaling; AT1 receptor-mediated heterotrimeric G protein-dependent signaling, transactivation of growth factor receptors, NADPH oxidase and ROS signaling, G protein-independent signaling, including the β-arrestin signals and interaction with several AT1 receptor interacting proteins. In addition, there is functional cross-talk between the AT1 receptor signaling pathway and other signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize an up to date overview of essential AT1 receptor signaling events and their functional significances in the cardiovascular system.
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Yu X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Schwarz BJ, Stallone JN, Heaps CL, Han G. Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 induces coronary artery relaxation via Epac/Rap1-mediated inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway in parallel with PKA. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173085. [PMID: 28278256 PMCID: PMC5344336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that cAMP/PKA signaling is involved in GPER-mediated coronary relaxation by activating MLCP via inhibition of RhoA pathway. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of GPER induces coronary artery relaxation via inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway by cAMP downstream targets, exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac) as well as PKA. Our results show that Epac inhibitors, brefeldin A (BFA, 50 μM), or ESI-09 (20 μM), or CE3F4 (100 μM), all partially inhibited porcine coronary artery relaxation response to the selective GPER agonist, G-1 (0.3–3 μM); while concurrent administration of BFA and PKI (5 μM), a PKA inhibitor, almost completely blocked the relaxation effect of G-1. The Epac specific agonist, 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP (007, 1–100 μM), induced a concentration-dependent relaxation response. Furthermore, the activity of Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) was up regulated by G-1 (1 μM) treatment of porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP) was elevated by G-1 (1 μM) treatment, but not by 007 (50 μM); and the effect of G-1 on p-VASP was blocked by PKI, but not by ESI-09, an Epac antagonist. RhoA activity was similarly down regulated by G-1 and 007, whereas ESI-09 restored most of the reduced RhoA activity by G-1 treatment. Furthermore, G-1 decreased PGF2α-induced p-MYPT1, which was partially reversed with either ESI-09 or PKI; whereas, concurrent administration of ESI-09 and PKI totally prevented the inhibitory effect of G-1. The inhibitory effects of G-1 on p- MLC levels in CASMCs were mostly restored by either ESI-09 or PKI. These results demonstrate that activation of GPER induces coronary artery relaxation via concurrent inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase by Epac/Rap1 and PKA. GPER could be a potential drug target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Benjamin J. Schwarz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - John N. Stallone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Women's Health Division, Michael E. DeBakey Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Cristine L. Heaps
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Guichun Han
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- Women's Health Division, Michael E. DeBakey Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Stott JB, Barrese V, Greenwood IA. Kv7 Channel Activation Underpins EPAC-Dependent Relaxations of Rat Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2404-2411. [PMID: 27789473 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the role of Kv7 channels in EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)-dependent relaxations of the rat vasculature and to investigate whether this contributes to β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxations. APPROACH AND RESULTS Isolated rat renal and mesenteric arteries (RA and MA, respectively) were used for isometric tension recording to study the relaxant effects of a specific EPAC activator and the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol in the presence of potassium channel inhibitors and cell signaling modulators. Isolated myocytes were used in proximity ligation assay studies to detect localization of signaling intermediaries with Kv7.4 before and after cell stimulation. Our studies showed that the EPAC activator (8-pCPT-2Me-cAMP-AM) produced relaxations and enhanced currents of MA and RA that were sensitive to linopirdine (Kv7 inhibitor). Linopirdine also inhibited isoproterenol-mediated relaxations in both RA and MA. In the MA, isoproterenol relaxations were sensitive to EPAC inhibition, but not protein kinase A inhibition. In contrast, isoproterenol relaxations in RA were attenuated by protein kinase A but not by EPAC inhibition. Proximity ligation assay showed a localization of Kv7.4 with A-kinase anchoring protein in both vessels in the basal state, which increased only in the RA with isoproterenol stimulation. In the MA, but not the RA, a localization of Kv7.4 with both Rap1a and Rap2 (downstream of EPAC) increased with isoproterenol stimulation. CONCLUSIONS EPAC-dependent vasorelaxations occur in part via activation of Kv7 channels. This contributes to the isoproterenol-mediated relaxation in mesenteric, but not renal, arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Stott
- From the Vascular Biology Research Group, Institute for Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Barrese
- From the Vascular Biology Research Group, Institute for Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, UK
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- From the Vascular Biology Research Group, Institute for Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, UK.
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Lezoualc'h F, Fazal L, Laudette M, Conte C. Cyclic AMP Sensor EPAC Proteins and Their Role in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:881-97. [PMID: 26941424 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and function. A crucial step toward a better understanding of cAMP signaling came 18 years ago with the discovery of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). The 2 EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2, are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras-like GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2, which they activate independently of the classical effector of cAMP, protein kinase A. With the development of EPAC pharmacological modulators, many reports in the literature have demonstrated the critical role of EPAC in the regulation of various cAMP-dependent cardiovascular functions, such as calcium handling and vascular tone. EPAC proteins are coupled to a multitude of effectors into distinct subcellular compartments because of their multidomain architecture. These novel cAMP sensors are not only at the crossroads of different physiological processes but also may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of several cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lezoualc'h
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.).
| | - Loubina Fazal
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Caroline Conte
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
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Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M, White GC, Quilliam LA, Whitehead KJ. Small GTPase Rap1 Is Essential for Mouse Development and Formation of Functional Vasculature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145689. [PMID: 26714318 PMCID: PMC4694701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small GTPase Rap1 has been implicated in a number of basic cellular functions, including cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, proliferation and regulation of polarity. Evolutionarily conserved, Rap1 has been studied in model organisms: yeast, Drosophila and mice. Mouse in vivo studies implicate Rap1 in the control of multiple stem cell, leukocyte and vascular cell functions. In vitro, several Rap1 effectors and regulatory mechanisms have been proposed. In particular, Rap1 has been implicated in maintaining epithelial and endothelial cell junction integrity and linked with cerebral cavernous malformations. Rationale How Rap1 signaling network controls mammalian development is not clear. As a first step in addressing this question, we present phenotypes of murine total and vascular-specific Rap1a, Rap1b and double Rap1a and Rap1b (Rap1) knockout (KO) mice. Results and Conclusions The majority of total Rap1 KO mice die before E10.5, consistent with the critical role of Rap1 in epithelial morphogenesis. At that time point, about 50% of Tie2-double Rap1 KOs appear grossly normal and develop normal vasculature, while the remaining 50% suffer tissue degeneration and show vascular abnormalities, including hemorrhages and engorgement of perineural vessels, albeit with normal branchial arches. However, no Tie2-double Rap1 KO embryos are present at E15.5, with hemorrhages a likely cause of death. Therefore, at least one Rap1 allele is required for development prior to the formation of the vascular system; and in endothelium–for the life-supporting function of the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilbert C. White
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Quilliam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Whitehead
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology, Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United States of America
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Li C, Li J, Weng X, Lan X, Chi X. Farnesoid X receptor agonist CDCA reduces blood pressure and regulates vascular tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:507-516.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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McKean JS, Murray F, Gibson G, Shewan DA, Tucker SJ, Nixon GF. The cAMP-producing agonist beraprost inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell migration via exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:546-55. [PMID: 26092100 PMCID: PMC4540143 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims During restenosis, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migrate from the vascular media to the developing neointima. Preventing VSMC migration is therefore a therapeutic target for restenosis. Drugs, such as prostacyclin analogues, that increase the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can inhibit VSMC migration, but the mechanisms via which this occurs are unknown. Two main downstream mediators of cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). This study has examined the effects of the prostacyclin analogue beraprost on VSMC migration and investigated the intracellular pathways involved. Methods and results In a chemotaxis chamber, human saphenous vein VSMC migrated towards a platelet-derived growth-factor-BB (PDGF) chemogradient. Incubation with therapeutically relevant concentrations of cAMP-producing agonist beraprost significantly decreased PDGF-induced migration. Direct activation of either PKA or Epac inhibited migration whereas inhibition of PKA did not prevent the anti-migratory effect of beraprost. Direct activation of Epac also prevented hyperplasia in ex vivo serum-treated human veins. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we demonstrated that beraprost activated Epac but not PKA. The mechanisms of this Epac-mediated effect involved activation of Rap1 with subsequent inhibition of RhoA. Cytoskeletal rearrangement at the leading edge of the cell was consequently inhibited. Interestingly, Epac1 was localized to the leading edge of migrating VSMC. Conclusions These results indicate that therapeutically relevant concentrations of beraprost can inhibit VSMC migration via a previously unknown mechanism involving the cAMP mediator Epac. This may provide a novel target that could blunt neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S McKean
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George Gibson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Derryck A Shewan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Steven J Tucker
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graeme F Nixon
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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Filippi MD. Leukocyte transcellular diapedesis: Rap1b is in control. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1052185. [PMID: 26451346 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1052185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil transmigration across the blood endothelial cell barrier represents the prerequisite step of innate inflammation. It is well known that neutrophils cross the endothelial barrier by transmigrating at the endothelial cell junction ('paracellular'). However, in vivo and in vitro evidence have clearly demonstrated occurrence of an alternate mode of migration directly through the endothelial cell body ('transcellular'). Despite our knowledge on mechanisms of transendothelial migration, it remains unclear which factors determine distinct modes of migration. We recently found that the Ras-like Rap1b GTPase limits neutrophil transcellular migration. Rap1b restrains transcellular migration by suppressing Akt-driven invasive protrusions while leaving the paracellular route unaffected. Furthermore, Rap1b limits neutrophil tissue infiltration in mice and prevents hyper susceptibility to endotoxin shock. These findings uncover a novel role for Rap1b in neutrophil migration and inflammation. Importantly, they offer emerging evidences that paracellular and transcellular migration of neutrophils are regulated by separate mechanisms. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of neutrophil transmigration and their clinical importance for vascular integrity and innate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology; Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation ; Cincinnati, OH USA ; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine ; Cincinnati, OH USA
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Lakshmikanthan S, Zheng X, Nishijima Y, Sobczak M, Szabo A, Vasquez-Vivar J, Zhang DX, Chrzanowska-Wodnicka M. Rap1 promotes endothelial mechanosensing complex formation, NO release and normal endothelial function. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:628-37. [PMID: 25807985 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability underlies a number of cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension. The shear stress exerted by flowing blood is the main determinant of NO release. Rap1 promotes integrin- and cadherin-mediated signaling. Here, we show that Rap1 is a critical regulator of NO production and endothelial function. Rap1 deficiency in murine endothelium attenuates NO production and diminishes NO-dependent vasodilation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, without deleterious effects on vessel integrity. Mechanistically, Rap1 is activated by shear stress, promotes the formation of the endothelial mechanosensing complex-comprised of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and VEGFR2- and downstream signaling to NO production. Our study establishes a novel paradigm for Rap1 as a regulator of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Magdalena Sobczak
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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