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Farahzadi R, Fathi E, Valipour B, Ghaffary S. Stem cells-derived exosomes as cardiac regenerative agents. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 52:101399. [PMID: 38584674 PMCID: PMC10990901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure is a root cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart following myocardial injury, stem cell-based therapies have been considered a hopeful approach for improving cardiac regeneration. In recent years, different kinds of cell products have been investigated regarding their potential to treat patients with heart failure. Despite special attention to cell therapy and its products, therapeutic efficacy has been disappointing, and clinical application is not affordable. In the past few years, a subset of small extracellular vehicles (EVs), commonly known as "exosomes," was reported to grant regenerative and cardioprotective signals at a value similar to their donor cells. The conceptual advantage is that they may be ideally used without evoking a relevant recipient immune response or other adverse effects associated with viable cells. The evidence related to their beneficial effects in animal models of heart failure is rapidly growing. However, there is remarkable heterogeneity regarding source cells, isolation process, effective dosage, and delivery mode. This brief review will focus on the latest research and debates on regenerative potential and cardiac repair of exosomes from different sources, such as cardiac/non-cardiac stem, somatic cells, and progenitor cells. Overall, the current state of research on exosomes as an experimental therapy for heart diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Ghaffary
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Menasché P, Renault NK, Hagège A, Puscas T, Bellamy V, Humbert C, Le L, Blons H, Granier C, Benhamouda N, Bacher A, Churlaud G, Sabatier B, Larghero J. First-in-man use of a cardiovascular cell-derived secretome in heart failure. Case report. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105145. [PMID: 38713924 PMCID: PMC11096705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increased evidence that the effects of stem cells can mostly be duplicated by administration of their secretome which might streamline the translation towards the clinics. METHODS The 12-patient SECRET-HF phase 1 trial has thus been designed to determine the feasibility and safety of repeated intravenous injections of the extracellular vesicle (EV)-enriched secretome of cardiovascular progenitor cells differentiated from pluripotent stem cells in severely symptomatic patients with drug-refractory left ventricular (LV) dysfunction secondary to non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Here we report the case of the first treated patient (baseline NYHA class III; LV Ejection Fraction:25%) in whom a dose of 20 × 109 particles/kg was intravenously infused three times three weeks apart. FINDINGS In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of producing a cardiac cell secretome compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice standards, this case documents the excellent tolerance of its repeated delivery, without any adverse events during or after infusions. Six months after the procedure, the patient is in NYHA Class II with improved echo parameters, a reduced daily need for diuretics (from 240 mg to 160 mg), no firing from the previously implanted automatic internal defibrillator and no alloimmunization against the drug product, thereby supporting its lack of immunogenicity. INTERPRETATION The rationale underlying the intravenous route is that the infused EV-enriched secretome may act by rewiring endogenous immune cells, both circulating and in peripheral organs, to take on a reparative phenotype. These EV-modified immune cells could then traffic to the heart to effect tissue repair, including mitigation of inflammation which is a hallmark of cardiac failure. FUNDING This trial is funded by the French Ministry of Health (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche CliniqueAOM19330) and the "France 2030" National Strategy Program (ANR-20-F2II-0003). It is sponsored by Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- AP-HP, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France.
| | - Nisa K Renault
- FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc (FCDI), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Albert Hagège
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Tania Puscas
- AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Humbert
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, MEARY Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Le
- AP-HP, Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Lip(Sys)(2) Lipides, Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Orsay, France
| | - Hélène Blons
- AP-HP, Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Oncology, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Benhamouda
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Department of Immunology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bacher
- AP-HP, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, MEARY Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Sabatier
- AP-HP, Pharmacy, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Pharmacie, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Pharmacie Clinique, Orsay, France; HeKA Team, INRIA/INSERM U 1138, CRC/PSC, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, MEARY Centre for Cell and Gene Therapy, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies CIC-BT, INSERM, Paris, France
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3
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Bryl R, Kulus M, Bryja A, Domagała D, Mozdziak P, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Zabel M, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. Cardiac progenitor cell therapy: mechanisms of action. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:30. [PMID: 38444042 PMCID: PMC10913616 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an end-stage of many cardiac diseases and one of the main causes of death worldwide. The current management of this disease remains suboptimal. The adult mammalian heart was considered a post-mitotic organ. However, several reports suggest that it may possess modest regenerative potential. Adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), the main players in the cardiac regeneration, constitute, as it may seem, a heterogenous group of cells, which remain quiescent in physiological conditions and become activated after an injury, contributing to cardiomyocytes renewal. They can mediate their beneficial effects through direct differentiation into cardiac cells and activation of resident stem cells but majorly do so through paracrine release of factors. CPCs can secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors as well as exosomes, rich in proteins, lipids and non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and YRNAs, which contribute to reparation of myocardium by promoting angiogenesis, cardioprotection, cardiomyogenesis, anti-fibrotic activity, and by immune modulation. Preclinical studies assessing cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac progenitor cells-derived exosomes on damaged myocardium show that administration of cardiac progenitor cells-derived exosomes can mimic effects of cell transplantation. Exosomes may become new promising therapeutic strategy for heart regeneration nevertheless there are still several limitations as to their use in the clinic. Key questions regarding their dosage, safety, specificity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and route of administration remain outstanding. There are still gaps in the knowledge on basic biology of exosomes and filling them will bring as closer to translation into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Bryl
- Section of Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research, Natural Sciences Club, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Dominika Domagała
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, 87-100, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, 65-046, Poland
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-368, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 87-100, Poland.
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-367, Poland.
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
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4
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Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
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Hoffman JR, Park HJ, Bheri S, Platt MO, Hare JM, Kaushal S, Bettencourt JL, Lai D, Slesnick TC, Mahle WT, Davis ME. Statistical modeling of extracellular vesicle cargo to predict clinical trial outcomes for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:107980. [PMID: 37868626 PMCID: PMC10589850 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac-derived c-kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs) are under investigation in the CHILD phase I clinical trial (NCT03406884) for the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The therapeutic efficacy of CPCs can be attributed to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). To understand sources of cell therapy variability we took a machine learning approach: combining bulk CPC-derived EV (CPC-EV) RNA sequencing and cardiac-relevant in vitro experiments to build a predictive model. We isolated CPCs from cardiac biopsies of patients with congenital heart disease (n = 29) and the lead-in patients with HLHS in the CHILD trial (n = 5). We sequenced CPC-EVs, and measured EV inflammatory, fibrotic, angiogeneic, and migratory responses. Overall, CPC-EV RNAs involved in pro-reparative outcomes had a significant fit to cardiac development and signaling pathways. Using a model trained on previously collected CPC-EVs, we predicted in vitro outcomes for the CHILD clinical samples. Finally, CPC-EV angiogenic performance correlated to clinical improvements in right ventricle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Hoffman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sruti Bheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Manu O. Platt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Judith L. Bettencourt
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dejian Lai
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C. Slesnick
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - William T. Mahle
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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6
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Jiang Y, Zhang LL, Zhang F, Bi W, Zhang P, Yu XJ, Rao SL, Wang SH, Li Q, Ding C, Jin Y, Liu ZM, Yang HT. Dual human iPSC-derived cardiac lineage cell-seeding extracellular matrix patches promote regeneration and long-term repair of infarcted hearts. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:206-226. [PMID: 37274446 PMCID: PMC10236375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (hCVPCs) and cardiomyocytes (hCMs) possess therapeutic potential for infarcted hearts; however, their efficacy needs to be enhanced. Here we tested the hypotheses that the combination of decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosal extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM) with hCVPCs, hCMs, or dual of them (Mix, 1:1) could provide better therapeutic effects than the SIS alone, and dual hCVPCs with hCMs would exert synergic effects in cardiac repair. The data showed that the SIS patch well supported the growth of hCVPCs and hCMs. Epicardially implanted SIS-hCVPC, SIS-hCM, or SIS-Mix patches at 7-day post-myocardial infarction significantly ameliorated functional worsening, ventricular dilation and scar formation at 28- and 90-day post-implantation in C57/B6 mice, whereas the SIS only mildly improved function at 90-day post-implantation. Moreover, the SIS and SIS-cell patches improved vascularization and suppressed MI-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and expression of Col1 and Col3, but only the SIS-hCM and the SIS-Mix patches increased the ratio of collagen III/I fibers in the infarcted hearts. Further, the SIS-cell patches stimulated cardiomyocyte proliferation via paracrine action. Notably, the SIS-Mix had better improvements in cardiac function and structure, engraftments, and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Proteomic analysis showed distinct biological functions of exclusive proteins secreted from hCVPCs and hCMs, and more exclusive proteins secreted from co-cultivated hCVPCs and hCMs than mono-cells involving in various functional processes essential for infarct repair. These findings are the first to demonstrate the efficacy and mechanisms of mono- and dual-hCVPC- and hCM-seeding SIS-ECM for repair of infarcted hearts based on the side-by-side comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Xiu-Jian Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Sen-Le Rao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Shi-Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yin Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, PR China
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Menasché P. Human PSC-derived cardiac cells and their products: therapies for cardiac repair. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 183:14-21. [PMID: 37595498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic improvements in the management of patients with chronic heart failure which have occurred over the last decades, some of them still exhaust conventional drug-based therapies without being eligible for more aggressive options like heart transplantation or implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Cell therapy has thus emerged as a possible means of filling this niche. Multiple cell types have now been tested both in the laboratory but also in the clinics and it is fair to acknowledge that none of the clinical trials have yet conclusively proven the efficacy of cell-based approaches. These clinical studies, however, have entailed the use of cells from various sources but of non-cardiac lineage origins. Although this might not be the main reason for their failures, the discovery of pluripotent stem cells capable of generating cardiomyocytes now raises the hope that such cardiac-committed cells could be therapeutically more effective. In this review, we will first describe where we currently are with regard to the clinical trials using PSC-differentiated cells and discuss the main issues which remain to be addressed. In parallel, because the capacity of cells to stably engraft in the recipient heart has increasingly been questioned, it has been hypothesized that a major mechanism of action could be the cell-triggered release of biomolecules that foster host-associated reparative pathways. Thus, in the second part of this review, we will discuss the rationale, clinically relevant advantages and pitfalls associated with the use of these PSC "products".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015 Paris, France.
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Guru SA, Saha P, Chen L, Tulshyan A, Ge ZD, Baily J, Simons L, Stefanowicz A, Bilewska A, Mehta V, Mishra R, Sharma S, Ali A, Krishnan S, Kaushal S. HSF-1 enhances cardioprotective potential of stem cells via exosome biogenesis and their miRNA cargo enrichment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2038-2051. [PMID: 37261668 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy provides a hope to no option heart disease patient group. Stem cells work via different mechanisms of which paracrine mechanism is reported to justify most of the effects. Therefore, identifying the control arms for paracrine cocktail production is necessary to tailor stem cell functions in disease contextual manner. In this study, we describe a novel paracrine cocktail regulatory axis, in stem cells, to enhance their cardioprotective abilities. We identified that HSF1 knockout resulted in reduced cardiac regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) while its overexpression had opposite effects. Altered exosome biognesis and their miRNA cargo enrichment were found to be underlying these altered regenerative abilities. Decreased production of exosomes by MSCs accompanied their loss of HSF1 and vice versa. Moreover, the exosomes derived from HSF1 depleted MSCs showed significantly reduced candidate miRNA expression (miR-145, miR-146, 199-3p, 199b and miR-590) compared to those obtained from HSF1 overexpressing MSCs. We further discovered that HSF1 mediates miRNAs' enrichment into exosomes via Y binding protein 1 (YBX1) and showed, by loss and gain of function strategies, that miRNAs' enrichment in mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes is deregulated with altered YBX1 expression. It was finally demonstrated that absence of YBX1 in MSCs, with normal HSF1 expression, resulted in significant accumulation of candidate miRNAs into the cells. Together, our data shows that HSF1 plays a critical role in determining the regenerative potential of stem cells. HSF1 does that by affecting exosome biogenesis and miRNA cargo sorting via regulation of YBX1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ahmad Guru
- Deininger Lab, Versiti, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Progyaparamita Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antariksh Tulshyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeanette Baily
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lydia Simons
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Artur Stefanowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Agata Bilewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivek Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asif Ali
- David Pincus lab, Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Committee on Cancer Biology, Chicago University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Swetha Krishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, 303 E Superior SQRB 4th floor, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Roefs MT, Bauzá-Martinez J, van de Wakker SI, Qin J, Olijve WT, Tuinte R, Rozeboom M, Snijders Blok C, Mol EA, Wu W, Vader P, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote angiogenesis through both associated- and co-isolated proteins. Commun Biol 2023; 6:800. [PMID: 37528162 PMCID: PMC10393955 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that play a role in intercellular communication. Cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived EVs have been shown to protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via pro-angiogenic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying CPC-EV-induced angiogenesis remain elusive. Here, we discovered that the ability of CPC-EVs to induce in vitro angiogenesis and to stimulate pro-survival pathways was lost upon EV donor cell exposure to calcium ionophore. Proteomic comparison of active and non-active EV preparations together with phosphoproteomic analysis of activated endothelial cells identified the contribution of candidate protein PAPP-A and the IGF-R signaling pathway in EV-mediated cell activation, which was further validated using in vitro angiogenesis assays. Upon further purification using iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation, EVs partly lost their activity, suggesting a co-stimulatory role of co-isolated proteins in recipient cell activation. Our increased understanding of the mechanisms of CPC-EV-mediated cell activation will pave the way to more efficient EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Theodora Roefs
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiabin Qin
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Theodoor Olijve
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Tuinte
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Rozeboom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Snijders Blok
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Alise Mol
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pieter Vader
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Desgres M, Lima Correa B, Petrusca L, Autret G, Pezzana C, Marigny C, Guillas C, Bellamy V, Vilar J, Perier MC, Dingli F, Loew D, Humbert C, Larghero J, Churlaud G, Renault N, Croisille P, Hagège A, Silvestre JS, Menasché P. Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from cardiac progenitor cells in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1206279. [PMID: 37485274 PMCID: PMC10360184 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1206279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Current treatments of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) are of limited efficacy. We assessed whether repeated intravenous injections of human extracellular vesicles from cardiac progenitor cells (EV-CPC) could represent a new therapeutic option and whether EV manufacturing according to a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)-compatible process did not impair their bioactivity. Methods Immuno-competent mice received intra-peritoneal injections (IP) of doxorubicin (DOX) (4 mg/kg each; cumulative dose: 12 mg/kg) and were then intravenously (IV) injected three times with EV-CPC (total dose: 30 billion). Cardiac function was assessed 9-11 weeks later by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using strain as the primary end point. Then, immuno-competent rats received 5 IP injections of DOX (3 mg/kg each; cumulative dose 15 mg/kg) followed by 3 equal IV injections of GMP-EV (total dose: 100 billion). Cardiac function was assessed by two dimensional-echocardiography. Results In the chronic mouse model of CCM, DOX + placebo-injected hearts incurred a significant decline in basal (global, epi- and endocardial) circumferential strain compared with sham DOX-untreated mice (p = 0.043, p = 0.042, p = 0.048 respectively) while EV-CPC preserved these indices. Global longitudinal strain followed a similar pattern. In the rat model, IV injections of GMP-EV also preserved left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes compared with untreated controls. Conclusions Intravenously-injected extracellular vesicles derived from CPC have cardio-protective effects which may make them an attractive user-friendly option for the treatment of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Petrusca
- Université de Lyon, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
- Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université Paris Cité, UFR de médecine, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - José Vilar
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Curie CoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Curie CoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Camille Humbert
- MEARY Cell and Gene Therapy Center, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, MEARY Cell and Gene Therapy Center, Hôpital Saint Louis, INSERM CIC-BT CBT501, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- MEARY Cell and Gene Therapy Center, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nisa Renault
- FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Université de Lyon, INSA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS UMR 5520, INSERM U1206, CREATIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Albert Hagège
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Menasché
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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11
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Pan J, Wu T, Chen B, Wu H. Exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells ameliorate glyoxylate deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal apoptosis by delivering miR-221-3p. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:423-430. [PMID: 36190183 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes as a therapeutic factor for neuronal apoptosis. Mouse EPCs were cultured in vitro, and exosomes were isolated and identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis and by determining the protein expressions of exosome markers (CD9, CD63 and Alix). The apoptotic rate of OGD-treated neurons was detected by Flow cytometry assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays determined the interaction between miR-221-3p and Bcl2l11. The results showed that most exosomes are 80-120 nm in diameter. Western blot assay showed that CD9, CD63 and Alix were enriched in exosomes. EPC-derived exosomes ameliorated OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-221-3p from EPC-derived exosomes decreased the expression of bcl2l11 in OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, exosomes from miR-221-3p mimics transfected EPCs reduced OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis. In conclusion, miR-221-3p in EPC derived exosomes ameliorates OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis, which establish its potential as a new therapeutic method for patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huadong Wu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Sadeghi H, Masoudi M, Torabi P, Rezaeiani S, Movahedi F, Pahlavan S, Moradi S. Conditioned media from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes inhibit the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:446-458. [PMID: 36791227 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned media (CM) from various cell types contain significant levels of paracrine factors. Recently, therapeutic properties of CM derived from stem cells have been revealed. Based on the fact that heart cancer is extremely rarely, we hypothesized that the CM obtained from human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes might inhibit cancer cell growth and survival. To this end, lung cancer cell line A549 along with human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) were treated with serial concentrations of cardiomyocyte CM (CCM) or fibroblast CM (FCM). We found that CCM markedly reduced the viability of lung cancer cells, while FCM did not compromise the viability of neither cancer cells nor HFF cells. Furthermore, we determined an optimized CCM concentration, 30 mg/mL, at which the growth, clonogenicity, and migration of A549 and Calu6 lung cancer cell lines were substantially impaired, whereas FCM did not influence these properties. Moreover, lung cancer cells exhibited cell cycle regulation upon treatment with CCM and the rate of apoptosis was markedly increased by cardiomyocyte CM in both lung cancer cell lines tested. Finally, in response to CCM treatment, A549 and Calu6 cells expressed lower levels of antiapoptotic and stemness genes, but higher levels of proapoptotic genes. In conclusion, this study provides cellular and molecular evidence for the antitumor ability of secretome obtained from stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Sadeghi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Masoudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Rezaeiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Movahedi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Lino JB, Robert AW, Stimamiglio MA, de Aguiar AM. Comparative analysis of the potential of the secretomes of cardiac resident stromal cells and fibroblasts. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:196-206. [PMID: 34590780 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The secretome of different cell types has been applied on in vitro and in vivo assays, indicating considerable therapeutic potential. However, the choice of the ideal cell type and culture conditions for obtaining the best set of soluble factors, as well as the assays to assess specific effects, remain subjects of vigorous debate. In this study, we used mass spectrometry to characterize the secretomes of ventricle derived-cardiac resident stromal cells (vCRSC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and evaluate them in an effort to understand the niche specificity of biological responses toward different cellular behaviors, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. It was interesting to note that the HDF and vCRSC secretomes were both able to induce proliferation and cardiac differentiation of H9c2 cells, as well as to increase the adhesion activity of H9c2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Analysis of the secretome composition showed that the vCRSCs derived from different donors secreted a similar set of proteins. Despite the differences, almost half of the proteins identified in conditioned medium were common to both HDF and vCRSC. Consequently, a high number of common biological processes were identified in the secretomes of the two cell types, which could help to explain the similar results observed in the in vitro assays. We show that soluble factors secreted by both HDF and vCRSC are able to promote proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyoblasts in vitro. Our study indicates the possible use of vCRSC or HDF secretomes in acellular therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Basso Lino
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute - FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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14
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Saha P, Kim M, Tulshyan A, Guo Y, Mishra R, Li D, Civin CI, Kaushal S, Sharma S. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha enhances the secretome to rejuvenate adult cardiosphere-derived cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 165:e56-e65. [PMID: 34465468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After cardiac injury, endogenous repair mechanisms are ineffective. However, cell-based therapies provide a promising clinical intervention based on their ability to restore and remodel injured myocardium due to their paracrine factors. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that adult cardiosphere-derived cell therapy is safe for the treatment of ischemic heart failure, although with limited regenerative potential. The limited efficiency of cardiosphere-derived cells after myocardial infarction is due to the inferior quality of their secretome. This study sought to augment the therapeutic potential of cardiosphere-derived cells by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, a regulator of paracrine factors. METHODS Cardiosphere-derived cells were isolated and expanded from the right atrial appendage biopsies of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. To study the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α on the secretome, cardiosphere-derived cells were transduced with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-overexpressing lentivirus, and various cardioprotective factors within the secretome were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Comparative analysis of the regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells was performed in a rat myocardial infarction model. RESULTS Mechanistically, overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in adult cardiosphere-derived cells led to the enrichment of the secretome with vascular endothelial growth factor A, angiopoietin 1, stromal cell-derived factor 1α, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Intramyocardial administration of cardiosphere-derived cells transduced with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α after myocardial infarction significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular end-systolic volume, and cardiac output. Functional improvement of the rat heart correlated with improved adaptive remodeling of the infarcted myocardium by enhanced angiogenesis and decreased myocardial fibrosis. We also showed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in cardiosphere-derived cells was adversely affected by aging. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α improves the functional potency of cardiosphere-derived cells to preserve myocardial function after myocardial infarction by enriching the cardiosphere-derived cells' secretome with cardioprotective factors. This strategy may be useful for improving the efficacy of allogeneic cell-based therapies in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyaparamita Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - MinJung Kim
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Antariksh Tulshyan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Yin Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Curt I Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill.
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15
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Comprehensive evaluation of circRNAs in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy before and after liver transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109495. [PMID: 36462338 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. Many patients with cirrhotic livers do not die from liver failure but from abnormal hemodynamics secondary to liver cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is one of the most effective treatments for liver diseases. Recent studies have found that liver transplantation can reverse CCM and improve cardiac function; however, its role and remedial mechanism remain unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have become an important marker for diagnosing diseases. The differential expression of circRNAs is associated with heart diseases. In this study, we used gene sequencing to detect the circRNA expression profile of patients with CCM before and after liver transplantation and predicted the differential circRNA target genes. The results showed that a total of 1495 circRNAs were dysregulated after liver transplantation, 1319 genes were downregulated, and 176 were upregulated (P < 0.05, log2 (fold change) > 2.0). The qRT-PCR results showed that circ-ASAP1, circ-N4BP2L2, circ-EXOC6B were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), which were consistent with the RNA sequencing data, and circ-ASAP1 had the most significant difference. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of CCM. By constructing a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network, hsa-miR-197-3p, hsa-miR-483-3p, and hsa-miR-885-3p, particularly key miRNA (hsa-miR-483-3p), were found to be the major potential genes involved in CCM regulation. In summary, this study suggested that circRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence of CCM before and after liver transplantation, and their potential biological function might be the key to diagnosis and treatment.
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16
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Distinct Cardiac-Derived Stromal Cell Subpopulations. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110374. [DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac-derived c-kit+ stromal cells (CSCs) have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical trials for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial dysfunction. Unfortunately, large variability in patient outcomes and cell populations remains a problem. Previous research has demonstrated that the reparative capacity of CSCs may be linked to the age of the cells: CSCs derived from neonate patients increase cardiac function and reduce fibrosis. However, age-dependent differences between CSC populations have primarily been explored with bulk sequencing methods. In this work, we hypothesized that differences in CSC populations and subsequent cell therapy outcomes may arise from differing cell subtypes within donor CSC samples. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on four neonatal CSC (nCSC) and five child CSC (cCSC) samples. Subcluster analysis revealed cCSC-enriched clusters upregulated in several fibrosis- and immune response-related genes. Module-based analysis identified upregulation of chemotaxis and ribosomal activity-related genes in nCSCs and upregulation of immune response and fiber synthesis genes in cCSCs. Further, we identified versican and integrin alpha 2 as potential markers for a fibrotic cell subtype. By investigating differences in patient-derived CSC populations at the single-cell level, this research aims to identify and characterize CSC subtypes to better optimize CSC-based therapy and improve patient outcomes.
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17
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Kaushal S, Hare JM, Shah AM, Pietris NP, Bettencourt JL, Piller LB, Khan A, Snyder A, Boyd RM, Abdullah M, Mishra R, Sharma S, Slesnick TC, Si MS, Chai PJ, Davis BR, Lai D, Davis ME, Mahle WT. Autologous Cardiac Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (CHILD Study). Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:1481-1493. [PMID: 35394149 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mortality in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is strongly correlated with right ventricle (RV) dysfunction. Cell therapy has demonstrated potential improvements of RV dysfunction in animal models related to HLHS, and neonatal human derived c-kit+ cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) show superior efficacy when compared to adult human cardiac-derived CPCs (aCPCs). Neonatal CPCs (nCPCs) have yet to be investigated in humans. The CHILD trial (Autologous Cardiac Stem Cell Injection in Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome) is a Phase I/II trial aimed at investigating intramyocardial administration of autologous nCPCs in HLHS infants by assessing the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of CPC therapy. Using an open-label, multicenter design, CHILD investigates nCPC safety and feasibility in the first enrollment group (Group A/Phase I). In the second enrollment group, CHILD uses a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter design (Group B/Phase II), to assess nCPC efficacy based on RV functional and structural characteristics. The study plans to enroll 32 patients across 4 institutions: Group A will enroll 10 patients, and Group B will enroll 22 patients. CHILD will provide important insights into the therapeutic potential of nCPCs in patients with HLHS.Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home NCT03406884, First posted January 23, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Kaushal
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Aakash M Shah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Nicholas P Pietris
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | | | - Linda B Piller
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Abigail Snyder
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Riley M Boyd
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdullah
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Timothy C Slesnick
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive W200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ming-Sing Si
- University of Michigan, CS Mott Children's Hospital, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, 11-735, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul J Chai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Emory University Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Barry R Davis
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dejian Lai
- School of Public Health, UT Health, 1200 Pressler, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive W200, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, 201 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - William T Mahle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, 201 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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18
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Ponzoni M, Castaldi B, Padalino MA. Pulmonary Artery Banding for Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Children: Returning to the Bench from Bedside. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091392. [PMID: 36138701 PMCID: PMC9497481 DOI: 10.3390/children9091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment paradigms for end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children include heart transplantation and mechanical support devices. However, waitlist mortality, shortage of smaller donors, time-limited durability of grafts, and thrombo-hemorrhagic events affect long-term outcomes. Moreover, both these options are noncurative and cannot preserve the native heart function. Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) has been reinvented as a possible “regenerative surgery” to retrain the decompensated left ventricle in children with DCM. The rationale is to promote positive ventricular–ventricular interactions that result in recovery of left ventricular function in one out of two children, allowing transplantation delisting. Although promising, global experience with this technique is still limited, and several surgical centers are reluctant to adopt PAB since its exact biological bases remain unknown. In the present review, we summarize the clinical, functional, and molecular known and supposed working mechanisms of PAB in children with DCM. From its proven efficacy in the clinical setting, we described the macroscopic geometrical and functional changes in biventricular performance promoted by PAB. We finally speculated on the possible underlying molecular pathways recruited by PAB. An evidence-based explanation of the working mechanisms of PAB is still awaited to support wider adoption of this surgical option for pediatric heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ponzoni
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Biagio Castaldi
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo A Padalino
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
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19
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Mishra R, Saha P, Datla SR, Mellacheruvu P, Gunasekaran M, Guru SA, Fu X, Chen L, Bolli R, Sharma S, Kaushal S. Transplanted allogeneic cardiac progenitor cells secrete GDF-15 and stimulate an active immune remodeling process in the ischemic myocardium. J Transl Med 2022; 20:323. [PMID: 35864544 PMCID: PMC9306063 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite promising results in clinical studies, the mechanism for the beneficial effects of allogenic cell-based therapies remains unclear. Macrophages are not only critical mediators of inflammation but also critical players in cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that transplanted allogenic rat cardiac progenitor cells (rCPCs) augment T-regulatory cells which ultimately promote proliferation of M2 like macrophages by an as-yet undefined mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this hypothesis, we used crossover rat strains for exploring the mechanism of myocardial repair by allogenic CPCs. Human CPCs (hCPCs) were isolated from adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, and rat CPCs (rCPCs) were isolated from male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat hearts. Allogenic rCPCs suppressed the proliferation of T-cells observed in mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro. Transplanted syngeneic or allogeneic rCPCs significantly increased cardiac function in a rat myocardial infarct (MI) model, whereas xenogeneic CPCs did not. Allogeneic rCPCs stimulated immunomodulatory responses by specifically increasing T-regulatory cells and M2 polarization, while maintaining their cardiac recovery potential and safety profile. Mechanistically, we confirmed the inactivation of NF-kB in Treg cells and increased M2 macrophages in the myocardium after MI by transplanted CPCs derived GDF15 and it's uptake by CD48 receptor on immune cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings strongly support the active immunomodulatory properties and robust therapeutic potential of allogenic CPCs in post-MI cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Mishra
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Progyaparamita Saha
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Srinivasa Raju Datla
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Pranav Mellacheruvu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sameer Ahmad Guru
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xubin Fu
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ling Chen
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.413808.60000 0004 0388 2248Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- grid.266623.50000 0001 2113 1622Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Department of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Daneshi N, Bahmaie N, Esmaeilzadeh A. Cell-Free Treatments: A New Generation of Targeted Therapies for Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:353-363. [PMID: 36043403 PMCID: PMC9428475 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although recent progress in medicine has substantially reduced cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-related mortalities, current therapeutics have failed miserably to be beneficial for all patients with CVDs. A wide array of evidence suggests that newly-introduced cell-free treatments (CFTs) have more reliable results in the improvement of cardiac function. The main regeneration activity of CFTs protocols is based on bypassing cells and using paracrine factors. In this article, we aim to compare various stem cell secretomes, a part of a CFTs strategy, to generalize their effective clinical outcomes for patients with CVDs. Data for this review article were collected from 70 published articles (original, review, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and case reports/series studies done on human and animals) obtained from Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, and Google Scholar) from 2015 to April 2020 using six keywords. Full-text/full-length articles, abstract, section of book, chapter, and conference papers in English language were included. Studies with irrelevant/insufficient/data, or undefined practical methods were excluded. CFTs approaches involved in growth factors (GFs); gene-based therapies; microRNAs (miRNAs); extracellular vesicles (EVs) [exosomes (EXs) and microvesicles (MVs)]; and conditioned media (CM). EXs and CM have shown more remarkable results than stem cell therapy (SCT). GF-based therapies have useful results as well as side effects like pathologic angiogenesis. Cell source, cell's aging and CM affect secretomes. Genetic manipulation of stem cells can change the secretome's components. Growing progression to end stage heart failure (HF), propounds CFTs as an advantageous method with practical and clinical values for replacement of injured myocardium, and induction of neovascularization. To elucidate the secrets behind amplifying the expansion rate of cells, increasing life-expectancy, and improving quality of life (QOL) for patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHDs), collaboration among cell biologist, basic medical scientists, and cardiologists is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Daneshi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University, Nicosia,
Northern Cyprus, Cyprus,Private Baskent Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus,Pediatric Ward, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Near East University Affiliated Hospital, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Centre, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,P.O.Box: 4513956111Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
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21
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Gunasekaran M, Mishra R, Saha P, Morales D, Cheng WC, Jayaraman AR, Hoffman JR, Davidson L, Chen L, Shah AM, Bittle G, Fu X, Tulshyan A, Abdullah M, Kingsbury T, Civin C, Yang P, Davis ME, Bolli R, Hare JM, Sharma S, Kaushal S. Comparative efficacy and mechanism of action of cardiac progenitor cells after cardiac injury. iScience 2022; 25:104656. [PMID: 35847554 PMCID: PMC9283895 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Progyaparamita Saha
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David Morales
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Arun R. Jayaraman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica R. Hoffman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lauran Davidson
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ling Chen
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aakash M. Shah
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gregory Bittle
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xuebin Fu
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Antariksh Tulshyan
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdullah
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Tami Kingsbury
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Curt Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, W200, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Corresponding author
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22
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Surgical Strategies in Single Ventricle Management of Neonates and Infants. Can J Cardiol 2022; 38:909-920. [PMID: 35513174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No area of congenital heart disease has undergone greater change and innovation than Single Ventricle management over the past 20 years. Surgical and catheter lab interventions have transformed outcomes such that in some subgroups more than 80% of these patients can survive into adulthood. Driven by parallel development in diagnostic imaging and cardiac intensive care, surgical management is focused on the neonatal period as the key time to creating a balanced circulation and limiting pulmonary blood-flow. Different configurations of the circulation including new types of surgical shunts and the role of 'hybrid' circulations provide greater options and better physiology. This overview will focus on these changes in surgical management and timing but also look at the exciting areas of regenerative therapies to improve ventricular function, and the concept of ventricular rehabilitation to achieve biventricular circulations in certain groups of patients. The importance of early (neonatal) intervention and multidisciplinary approach to management is emphasised, as well as looking beyond simply survival but also improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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23
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Hoffman JR, Park HJ, Bheri S, Jayaraman AR, Davis ME. Comparative computational RNA analysis of cardiac-derived progenitor cells and their extracellular vesicles. Genomics 2022; 114:110349. [PMID: 35346780 PMCID: PMC9510608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells, including cardiac-derived c-kit+ progenitor cells (CPCs), are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cardiac disease. Therapeutic efficacy of cardiac cell therapy can be attributed to paracrine signaling and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying diverse cargo molecules. Despite some successes and demonstrated safety, large variation in cell populations and preclinical/clinical outcomes remains a problem. Here, we investigated this variability by sequencing coding and non-coding RNAs of CPCs and CPC-EVs from 30 congenital heart disease patients and used machine learning methods to determine potential mechanistic insights. CPCs retained RNAs related to extracellular matrix organization and exported RNAs related to various signaling pathways to CPC-EVs. CPC-EVs are enriched in miRNA clusters related to cell proliferation and angiogenesis. With network analyses, we identified differences in non-coding RNAs which give insight into age-dependent functionality of CPCs. By taking a quantitative computational approach, we aimed to uncover sources of CPC cell therapy variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Hoffman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sruti Bheri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arun R. Jayaraman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael E. Davis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, Graduate Division of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Children’s Heart Research & Outcomes (HeRO) Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Corresponding author at: Professor of Biomedical Engineering, 2015 Uppergate Drive, 310, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,
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24
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Structural and Functional Support by Left Atrial Appendage Transplant to the Left Ventricle after a Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094661. [PMID: 35563050 PMCID: PMC9104858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The left atrial appendage (LAA) of the adult heart has been shown to contain cardiac and myeloid progenitor cells. The resident myeloid progenitor population expresses an array of pro-regenerative paracrine factors. Cardiac constructs have been shown to inhibit deleterious remodeling of the heart using physical support. Due to these aspects, LAA holds promise as a regenerative transplant. LAAs from adult mT/mG mice were transplanted to the recipient 129X1-SvJ mice simultaneously as myocardial infarction (MI) was performed. A decellularized LAA patch was implanted in the control group. Two weeks after MI, the LAA patch had integrated to the ventricular wall, and migrated cells were seen in the MI area. The cells had two main phenotypes: small F4/80+ cells and large troponin C+ cells. After follow-up at 8 weeks, the LAA patch remained viable, and the functional status of the heart improved. Cardiac echo demonstrated that, after 6 weeks, the mice in the LAA-patch-treated group showed an increasing and statistically significant improvement in cardiac performance when compared to the MI and MI + decellularized patch controls. Physical patch-support (LAA and decellularized LAA patch) had an equal effect on the inhibition of deleterious remodeling, but only the LAA patch inhibited the hypertrophic response. Our study demonstrates that the LAA transplantation has the potential for use as a treatment for myocardial infarction. This method can putatively combine cell therapy (regenerative effect) and physical support (inhibition of deleterious remodeling).
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25
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Lazana I, Anagnostopoulos C. A Novel, Cell-Free Therapy to Enter Our Hearts: The Potential Role of Small EVs in Prevention and Treatment of CVD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073662. [PMID: 35409022 PMCID: PMC8998514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease constitutes one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutic techniques, such as interventional revascularization, although lifesaving, come along with myocardial injury related to the reperfusion itself, called ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is an added factor for increased morbidity. For that reason, there is an imperative need for novel therapies to be developed that would either prevent or treat myocardial injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically small EVs (sEVs), have proven to be important mediators of intercellular communication. The fact that they carry information reflecting that of the parental cell makes them an ideal candidate for diagnostic purposes. sEVs derived from immunoregulatory cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells or cardiac progenitor cells, could also be used therapeutically to exert the primary immunomodulatory function but without carrying the side effects related to cell therapy. Furthermore, as a natural product, they have the added advantage of low immunogenicity, offering the potential for safe drug delivery. In the field of cardiology, there has been great interest in the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of sEVs with significant translational potential. Here, we review the potential use of sEVs in the context of myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Lazana
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
- Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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26
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Dehkordi NR, Dehkordi NR, Farjoo MH. Therapeutic properties of stem cell-derived exosomes in ischemic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Streeter BW, Brown ME, Shakya P, Park HJ, Qiu J, Xia Y, Davis ME. Using computational methods to design patient-specific electrospun cardiac patches for pediatric heart failure. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Wu Q, Ke MX, Yang HT. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2504:91-100. [PMID: 35467281 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2341-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (hPSC-CVPCs) can improve repair of infarcted hearts in mouse and nonhuman primate myocardial infarction models. To fully achieve their values, it is essential to establish an efficient method for the isolation of EVs from hPSC-CVPCs. Here we describe the protocols for efficient isolation and characterization of EVs from the conditioned medium of hPSC-CVPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Xia Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), CAS, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Heart Failure and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, China.
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29
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Li D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Wang F, Zhou Y, Jin S. Plasma Exosomes at the Late Phase of Remote Ischemic Pre-conditioning Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Transferring miR-126a-3p. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:736226. [PMID: 34917657 PMCID: PMC8669347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.736226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) alleviated the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, especially at the late phase. Searching a key component as a transfer carrier may provide a novel insight into RIPC-mediated cardioprotection in the condition of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Objective: To investigate the cardioprotective effect of plasma exosomes at the late phase of RIPC and its potential signaling pathways involved. Methods and Results: Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of rats 48 h after the RIPC or control protocol. Although the total plasma exosomes level had no significant change at the late phase of RIPC (RIPC-exosome) compared with the control exosomes (Control-exosome), the RIPC-exosome afforded remarkable protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cells. The miRNA array revealed significant enrichment of miR-126a-3p in RIPC-exosome. Importantly, both miR-126a-3p inhibitor and antagonist significantly blunted the cardioprotection of RIPC-exosome in H/R cells and MI/R rats, respectively, while miR-126a-3p mimic and agomir showed significant cardioprotection against H/R injury in cells and MI/R injury in rats. Mechanistically, RIPC-exosome, especially exosomal miR-126a-3p, activated the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2, and simultaneously inhibited Caspase-3 mediated apoptotic signaling. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a novel myocardial protective mechanism that plasma exosomes at the late phase of RIPC attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via exosomal miR-126a-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanqing Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): molecular pathogenesis and emerging drug targets for cardiac repair and regeneration. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:621-632. [PMID: 34488532 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1978069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe developmental defect characterized by the underdevelopment of the left ventricle along with aortic and valvular defects. Multiple palliative surgeries are required for survival. Emerging studies have identified potential mechanisms for the disease onset, including genetic and hemodynamic causes. Genetic variants associated with HLHS include transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, structural proteins, and signaling proteins necessary for normal heart development. Nonetheless, current therapies are being tested clinically and have shown promising results at improving cardiac function in patients who have undergone palliative surgeries. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov to review most of the mechanistic research and clinical trials involving HLHS. This review discusses the anatomy and pathology of HLHS hearts. We highlight some of the identified genetic variants that underly the molecular pathogenesis of HLHS. Additionally, we discuss some of the emerging therapies and their limitations for HLHS. EXPERT OPINION While HLHS etiology is largely obscure, palliative therapies remain the most viable option for the patients. It is necessary to generate animal and stem cell models to understand the underlying genetic causes directly leading to HLHS and facilitate the use of gene-based therapies to improve cardiac development and regeneration.
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Bittle GJ, Morales D, Pietris N, Parchment N, Parsell D, Peck K, Deatrick KB, Rodriguez-Borlado L, Smith RR, Marbán L, Kaushal S. Exosomes isolated from human cardiosphere–derived cells attenuate pressure overload–induced right ventricular dysfunction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:975-986.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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Cellular pathology of the human heart in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): lessons learned from in vitro modeling. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1099-1115. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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The Application Potential and Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5579904. [PMID: 34122557 PMCID: PMC8189813 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality caused by the irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes and heart failure (HF) due to the restricted blood supply. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been emerging as lead candidates to treat MI and subsequent HF mainly through secreting multitudinous factors of which exosomes act as the most effective constituent to boost the repair of heart function through carrying noncoding RNAs and proteins. Given the advantages of higher stability in the circulation, lower toxicity, and controllable transplantation dosage, exosomes have been described as a wonderful and promising cell-free treatment method in cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, MSC-derived exosomes have been proposed as a promising therapeutic approach to improve cardiac function and reverse heart remodeling. However, exosomes' lack of modification cannot result in desired therapeutic effect. Hence, optimized exosomes can be developed via various engineering methods such as pharmacological compound preconditioned MSCs, genetically modified MSCs, or miRNA-loaded exosomes and peptide tagged exosomes to improve the targeting and therapeutic effects of exosomes. The biological characteristics, therapeutic potential, and optimizing strategy of exosomes will be described in our review.
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Castanza AS, Ramirez S, Tripathi PP, Daza RAM, Kalume FK, Ramirez JM, Hevner RF. AUTS2 Regulates RNA Metabolism and Dentate Gyrus Development in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4808-4824. [PMID: 34013328 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human AUTS2 mutations are linked to a syndrome of intellectual disability, autistic features, epilepsy, and other neurological and somatic disorders. Although it is known that this unique gene is highly expressed in developing cerebral cortex, the molecular and developmental functions of AUTS2 protein remain unclear. Using proteomics methods to identify AUTS2 binding partners in neonatal mouse cerebral cortex, we found that AUTS2 associates with multiple proteins that regulate RNA transcription, splicing, localization, and stability. Furthermore, AUTS2-containing protein complexes isolated from cortical tissue bound specific RNA transcripts in RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing assays. Deletion of all major functional isoforms of AUTS2 (full-length and C-terminal) by conditional excision of exon 15 caused breathing abnormalities and neonatal lethality when Auts2 was inactivated throughout the developing brain. Mice with limited inactivation of Auts2 in cerebral cortex survived but displayed abnormalities of cerebral cortex structure and function, including dentate gyrus hypoplasia with agenesis of hilar mossy neurons, and abnormal spiking activity on EEG. Also, RNA transcripts that normally associate with AUTS2 were dysregulated in mutant mice. Together, these findings indicate that AUTS2 regulates RNA metabolism and is essential for development of cerebral cortex, as well as subcortical breathing centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Castanza
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sanja Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Prem P Tripathi
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ray A M Daza
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Franck K Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98014, USA
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98014, USA
| | - Robert F Hevner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98014, USA
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36
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Khosravi F, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Sauer H. The Multifunctional Contribution of FGF Signaling to Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, Disease and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672935. [PMID: 34095143 PMCID: PMC8169986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus on cardiovascular research reflects society’s concerns regarding the alarming incidence of cardiac-related diseases and mortality in the industrialized world and, notably, an urgent need to combat them by more efficient therapies. To pursue these therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action for multifunctional fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the biology of the heart is a matter of high importance. The roles of FGFs in heart development range from outflow tract formation to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and the formation of heart chambers. In the context of cardiac regeneration, FGFs 1, 2, 9, 16, 19, and 21 mediate adaptive responses including restoration of cardiac contracting rate after myocardial infarction and reduction of myocardial infarct size. However, cardiac complications in human diseases are correlated with pathogenic effects of FGF ligands and/or FGF signaling impairment. FGFs 2 and 23 are involved in maladaptive responses such as cardiac hypertrophic, fibrotic responses and heart failure. Among FGFs with known causative (FGFs 2, 21, and 23) or protective (FGFs 2, 15/19, 16, and 21) roles in cardiac diseases, FGFs 15/19, 21, and 23 display diagnostic potential. The effective role of FGFs on the induction of progenitor stem cells to cardiac cells during development has been employed to boost the limited capacity of postnatal cardiac repair. To renew or replenish damaged cardiomyocytes, FGFs 1, 2, 10, and 16 were tested in (induced-) pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and for stimulation of cell cycle re-entry in adult cardiomyocytes. This review will shed light on the wide range of beneficiary and detrimental actions mediated by FGF ligands and their receptors in the heart, which may open new therapeutic avenues for ameliorating cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Khosravi
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Proteomic and Glyco(proteo)mic tools in the profiling of cardiac progenitors and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes: Accelerating translation into therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107755. [PMID: 33895330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research in stem cells paved the way to an enormous amount of knowledge, increasing expectations on cardio regenerative therapeutic approaches in clinic. While the first generation of clinical trials using cell-based therapies in the heart were performed with bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, second generation cell therapies moved towards the use of cardiac-committed cell populations, including cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Despite all these progresses, translating the aptitudes of R&D and pre-clinical data into effective clinical treatments is still highly challenging, partially due to the demanding regulatory and safety concerns but also because of the lack of knowledge on the regenerative mechanisms of action of these therapeutic products. Thus, the need of analytical methodologies that enable a complete characterization of such complex products and a deep understanding of their therapeutic effects, at the cell and molecular level, is imperative to overcome the hurdles of these advanced therapies. Omics technologies, such as proteomics and glyco(proteo)mics workflows based on state of the art mass-spectrometry, have prompted some major breakthroughs, providing novel data on cell biology and a detailed assessment of cell based-products applied in cardiac regeneration strategies. These advanced 'omics approaches, focused on the profiling of protein and glycan signatures are excelling the identification and characterization of cell populations under study, namely unveiling pluripotency and differentiation markers, as well as paracrine mechanisms and signaling cascades involved in cardiac repair. The leading knowledge generated is supporting a more rational therapy design and the rethinking of challenges in Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products development. Herein, we review the most recent methodologies used in the fields of proteomics, glycoproteomics and glycomics and discuss their impact on the study of cardiac progenitor cells and pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes biology. How these discoveries will impact the speed up of novel therapies for cardiovascular diseases is also addressed.
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38
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Saheera S, Jani VP, Witwer KW, Kutty S. Extracellular vesicle interplay in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1749-H1761. [PMID: 33666501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00925.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles released from cells that mediate intercellular communications and play a pivotal role in various physiological and pathological processes. Subtypes of EVs may include plasma membrane ectosomes or microvesicles and endosomal origin exosomes, although functional distinctions remain unclear. EVs carry cargo proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), lipids, and metabolites. By presenting or transferring this cargo to recipient cells, EVs can trigger cellular responses. We summarize contemporary understanding of EV biogenesis, composition, and function, with an emphasis on the role of EVs in the cardiovascular system. In addition, we outline the functional relevance of EVs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, further highlighting their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Saheera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vivek P Jani
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelby Kutty
- Helen B. Taussig Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Guo R, Wan F, Morimatsu M, Xu Q, Feng T, Yang H, Gong Y, Ma S, Chang Y, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Wang H, Chang D, Zhang H, Ling Y, Lan F. Cell sheet formation enhances the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on myocardial infarction as a bioactive material. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2999-3012. [PMID: 33732969 PMCID: PMC7941025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy has been used to treat ischaemic heart diseases for two decades. However, optimal cell types and transplantation methods remain unclear. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) sheet on myocardial infarction (MI). Methods hUCMSCs expressing luciferase were generated by lentiviral transduction for in vivo bio-luminescent imaging tracking of cells. We applied a temperature-responsive cell culture surface-based method to form the hUCMSC sheet. Cell retention was evaluated using an in vivo bio-luminescent imaging tracking system. Unbiased transcriptional profiling of infarcted hearts and further immunohistochemical assessment of monocyte and macrophage subtypes were used to determine the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the hUCMSC sheet. Echocardiography and pathological analyses of heart sections were performed to evaluate cardiac function, angiogenesis and left ventricular remodelling. Results When transplanted to the infarcted mouse hearts, hUCMSC sheet significantly improved the retention and survival compared with cell suspension. At the early stage of MI, hUCMSC sheet modulated inflammation by decreasing Mcp1-positive monocytes and CD68-positive macrophages and increasing Cx3cr1-positive non-classical macrophages, preserving the cardiomyocytes from acute injury. Moreover, the extracellular matrix produced by hUCMSC sheet then served as bioactive scaffold for the host cells to graft and generate new epicardial tissue, providing mechanical support and routes for revascularsation. These effects of hUCMSC sheet treatment significantly improved the cardiac function at days 7 and 28 post-MI. Conclusions hUCMSC sheet formation dramatically improved the biological functions of hUCMSCs, mitigating adverse post-MI remodelling by modulating the inflammatory response and providing bioactive scaffold upon transplantation into the heart. Translational perspective Due to its excellent availability as well as superior local cellular retention and survival, allogenic transplantation of hUCMSC sheets can more effectively acquire the biological functions of hUCMSCs, such as modulating inflammation and enhancing angiogenesis. Moreover, the hUCMSC sheet method allows the transfer of an intact extracellular matrix without introducing exogenous or synthetic biomaterial, further improving its clinical applicability. Cell sheet formation of hUCMSCs dramatically improves post transplantation cell survival in the infarcted heart. hUCMSC sheet protects cardiomyocytes from infarction by alleviating acute inflammation. The ECM of cell sheet serves as bioactive scaffold to allow the host cells to integrate and form new epicardial tissue. The new epicardial tissue can provide mechanical support and new routes for revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Masatoshi Morimatsu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yichen Gong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yun Chang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Heqing Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji University East Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dehua Chang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Medical Engineering for Cardiovascular Diseases, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yunpeng Ling
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.,Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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40
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Liu Q, Piao H, Wang Y, Zheng D, Wang W. Circulating exosomes in cardiovascular disease: Novel carriers of biological information. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111148. [PMID: 33412387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of nanosized extracellular vesicles that include various bioactive nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. They originate from membrane invagination and are released by exocytosis, which can transmit signals to target cells to achieve cell-to-cell communication and maintain homeostasis. The heart is a complex multicellular organ that contains resident cell types such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Communication between different cell types and immune systems is essential for the dynamic equilibrium of the cardiac internal environment. Intercellular communication is a universal phenomenon mediated by exosomes and their contents during several pathological processes in cardiovascular diseases, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, exosomes can be used as novel invasive diagnostic biomarkers in multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, cardiac fibrosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, the biocompatible nature and low immunogenicity of exosomes make them high-quality nanoparticle drug carriers with potential applications in translational medicine and therapeutic strategies. Here, we focus on the biogenesis, isolation, biological functions, and future application prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hulin Piao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Dongdong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Weitie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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Abdullah M, Kegel S, Gunasekaran M, Saha P, Fu X, Mishra R, Sharma S, Sunjay Kaushal. Stem Cell Therapy in Single-Ventricle Physiology: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2021; 24:67-76. [PMID: 34116785 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current surgical and medical treatment options for single ventricle physiology conditions remain palliative. On the long term, despite treatment, the systemic ventricle has a significant risk of developing failure. There are unmet needs to develop novel treatment modalities to help ameliorate the ventricular dysfunction. Advances in the field of stem cell therapy have been promising for the treatment of heart failure. Numerous stem cell populations have been identified. Preclinical studies in small and large animal models provide evidence for effectiveness of this treatment modality and reveal several mechanisms of action by which stem cells exert their effect. Many clinical trials have been designed to further investigate the therapeutic potential that stem cell therapy may hold for pediatric populations with single ventricle physiology. In this review, we discuss the stem cell types used in these populations, some preclinical studies, and the clinical trials of stem cell therapy in single ventricle patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Kegel
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Progyaparamita Saha
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xuebin Fu
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sudhish Sharma
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinburg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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42
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Haller C, Friedberg MK, Laflamme MA. The role of regenerative therapy in the treatment of right ventricular failure: a literature review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 33239066 PMCID: PMC7687832 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) failure is a commonly encountered problem in patients with congenital heart disease but can also be a consequence of left ventricular disease, primary pulmonary hypertension, or RV-specific cardiomyopathies. Improved survival of the aforementioned pathologies has led to increasing numbers of patients suffering from RV dysfunction, making it a key contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. Currently available therapies for heart failure were developed for the left ventricle (LV), and there is clear evidence that LV-specific strategies are insufficient or inadequate for the RV. New therapeutic strategies are needed to address this growing clinical problem, and stem cells show significant promise. However, to properly evaluate the prospects of a potential stem cell-based therapy for RV failure, one needs to understand the unique pathophysiology of RV dysfunction and carefully consider available data from animal models and human clinical trials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in RV failure such as hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, changes in energy metabolism, calcium handling, decreasing RV contractility, and apoptosis. We also summarize the available preclinical and clinical experience with RV-specific stem cell therapies, covering the broad spectrum of stem cell sources used to date. We describe two different scientific rationales for stem cell transplantation, one of which seeks to add contractile units to the failing myocardium, while the other aims to augment endogenous repair mechanisms and/or attenuate harmful remodeling. We emphasize the limitations and challenges of regenerative strategies, but also highlight the characteristics of the failing RV myocardium that make it a promising target for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Haller
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, The Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael A Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,McEwen Stem Cell Institute, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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43
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Ishigami S, Sano T, Krishnapura S, Ito T, Sano S. An overview of stem cell therapy for paediatric heart failure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:881-887. [PMID: 32588055 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant achievements in paediatric cardiology, surgical treatment and intensive care of congenital heart disease have drastically changed clinical outcomes for paediatric patients. Nevertheless, late-onset heart failure in children after staged surgeries still remains a serious concern in the medical community. Heart transplantation is an option for treatment; however, the shortage of available organs is a persistent problem in many developed countries. In order to resolve these issues, advanced technologies, such as innovative mechanical circulatory support devices and regenerative therapies, are strongly desired. Accumulated evidence regarding cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies has suggested their safety and efficacy in treating adult heart failure. Given that young children seem to have a higher regenerative capacity than adults, stem cell-based therapies appear a promising treatment option for paediatric heart failure as well. Based on the findings from past trials and studies, we present the potential of various different types of stem cells, ranging from bone marrow mononuclear cells to cardiosphere-derived stem cells for use in paediatric cell-based therapies. Here, we assess both the current challenges associated with cell-based therapies and novel strategies that may be implemented in the future to advance stem cell therapy in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Ishigami
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Toshikazu Sano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunaya Krishnapura
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shunji Sano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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44
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de Abreu RC, Fernandes H, da Costa Martins PA, Sahoo S, Emanueli C, Ferreira L. Native and bioengineered extracellular vesicles for cardiovascular therapeutics. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:685-697. [PMID: 32483304 PMCID: PMC7874903 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of natural particles that are relevant to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These endogenous vesicles have certain properties that allow them to survive in the extracellular space, bypass biological barriers and deliver their biologically active molecular cargo to recipient cells. Moreover, EVs can be bioengineered to increase their stability, bioactivity, presentation to acceptor cells and capacity for on-target binding at both cell-type-specific and tissue-specific levels. Bioengineering of EVs involves the modification of the donor cell before EV isolation or direct modification of the EV properties after isolation. The therapeutic potential of native EVs and bioengineered EVs has been only minimally explored in the context of cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of EVs will require innovative approaches and a comprehensive integration of knowledge gathered from decades of research into molecular-compound delivery. In this Review, we outline the endogenous properties of EVs that make them natural delivery agents as well as the features that can be improved by bioengineering. We also discuss the therapeutic applications of native and bioengineered EVs to cardiovascular diseases and examine the opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed to advance this research area, with an emphasis on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cerqueira de Abreu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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45
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Menasché P. Cell Therapy With Human ESC-Derived Cardiac Cells: Clinical Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:601560. [PMID: 33195177 PMCID: PMC7649799 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.601560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing quest for the “ideal” cell type for heart repair, pluripotent stem cells (PSC) derived from either embryonic or reprogrammed somatic cells have emerged as attractive candidates because of their unique ability to give rise to lineage-specific cells and to transplant them at the desired stage of differentiation. The technical obstacles which have initially hindered their clinical use have now been largely overcome and several trials are under way which encompass several different diseases, including heart failure. So far, there have been no safety warning but it is still too early to draw definite conclusions regarding efficacy. In parallel, mechanistic studies suggest that the primary objective of “remuscularizing” the heart with PSC-derived cardiac cells can be challenged by their alternate use as ex vivo sources of a biologically active extracellular vesicle-enriched secretome equally able to improve heart function through harnessing endogenous repair pathways. The exclusive use of this secretome would combine the advantages of a large-scale production more akin to that of a biological medication, the likely avoidance of cell-associated immune and tumorigenicity risks and the possibility of intravenous infusions compatible with repeated dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,PARCC, INSERM, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Kurian J, Yuko AE, Kasatkin N, Rigaud VOC, Busch K, Harlamova D, Wagner M, Recchia FA, Wang H, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Khan M. Uncoupling protein 2-mediated metabolic adaptations define cardiac cell function in the heart during transition from young to old age. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:144-156. [PMID: 32964621 PMCID: PMC7780806 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular replacement in the heart is restricted to postnatal stages with the adult heart largely postmitotic. Studies show that loss of regenerative properties in cardiac cells seems to coincide with alterations in metabolism during postnatal development and maturation. Nevertheless, whether changes in cellular metabolism are linked to functional alternations in cardiac cells is not well studied. We report here a novel role for uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in regulation of functional properties in cardiac tissue derived stem‐like cells (CTSCs). CTSC were isolated from C57BL/6 mice aged 2 days (nCTSC), 2 month (CTSC), and 2 years old (aCTSC), subjected to bulk‐RNA sequencing that identifies unique transcriptome significantly different between CTSC populations from young and old heart. Moreover, results show that UCP2 is highly expressed in CTSCs from the neonatal heart and is linked to maintenance of glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. With age, UCP2 is reduced shifting energy metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation inversely affecting cellular proliferation and survival in aged CTSCs. Loss of UCP2 in neonatal CTSCs reduces extracellular acidification rate and glycolysis together with reduced cellular proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, UCP2 silencing is linked to significant alteration of mitochondrial genes together with cell cycle and survival signaling pathways as identified by RNA‐sequencing and STRING bioinformatic analysis. Hence, our study shows UCP2‐mediated metabolic profile regulates functional properties of cardiac cells during transition from neonatal to aging cardiac states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonia E Yuko
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Kasatkin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vagner O C Rigaud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey Busch
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Harlamova
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Desgres M, Menasché P. Clinical Translation of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies: Challenges and Considerations. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:594-606. [PMID: 31703770 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical outcomes of cell therapy trials have not met initial expectations, emerging evidence suggests that injury-mediated tissue damage might benefit from the delivery of cells or their secreted products. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are promising cell sources primarily because of their capacity to generate stage- and lineage-specific differentiated derivatives. However, they carry inherent challenges for safe and efficacious clinical translation. This Review describes completed or ongoing trials of PSCs, discusses their potential mechanisms of action, and considers how to address the challenges required for them to become a major therapy, using heart repair as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Desgres
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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Cardiac stem cell therapy: Does a newborn infant's heart have infinite potential for stem cell therapy? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 163:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ding M, Tegel H, Sivertsson Å, Hober S, Snijder A, Ormö M, Strömstedt PE, Davies R, Holmberg Schiavone L. Secretome-Based Screening in Target Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:535-551. [PMID: 32425085 PMCID: PMC7309359 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220917113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins and their cognate plasma membrane receptors regulate human physiology by transducing signals from the extracellular environment into cells resulting in different cellular phenotypes. Systematic use of secretome proteins in assays enables discovery of novel biology and signaling pathways. Several secretome-based phenotypic screening platforms have been described in the literature and shown to facilitate target identification in drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the current status of secretome-based screening. This includes annotation, production, quality control, and sample management of secretome libraries, as well as how secretome libraries have been applied to discover novel target biology using different disease-relevant cell-based assays. A workflow for secretome-based screening is shared based on the AstraZeneca experience. The secretome library offers several advantages compared with other libraries used for target discovery: (1) screening using a secretome library directly identifies the active protein and, in many cases, its cognate receptor, enabling a rapid understanding of the disease pathway and subsequent formation of target hypotheses for drug discovery; (2) the secretome library covers significant areas of biological signaling space, although the size of this library is small; (3) secretome proteins can be added directly to cells without additional manipulation. These factors make the secretome library ideal for testing in physiologically relevant cell types, and therefore it represents an attractive approach to phenotypic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sivertsson
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ormö
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Strömstedt
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rick Davies
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Dysregulation of Notch signaling in cardiac mesenchymal cells of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:38-47. [PMID: 31952074 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a severe congenital defect of heart development. Fine-tuned sequential activation of Notch signaling genes is responsible for proper heart chamber development. Mutations in Notch genes have been associated with TF. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity of the Notch pathway in cardiac mesenchymal cells derived from ventricular tissue of TF patients. METHODS Cardiac mesenchymal cells were isolated from 42 TF patients and from 14 patients with ventricular septal defects (VSDs), used as a comparison group. The Notch pathway was analyzed by estimating the expression of Notch-related genes by qPCR. Differentiation and proliferation capacity of the cells was estimated. RESULTS The TF-derived cells demonstrated a dysregulated pattern of Notch-related gene expression comparing to VSD-derived cells. Correlation of Notch signaling activation level by HEY1/HES1 expression level with proliferation and cardiogenic-like differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal cells was observed but not with clinical parameters nor with the age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a contribution of dysregulated Notch signaling to the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot and importance of Notch signaling level for the functional state of cardiac mesenchymal cells, which could be critical considering these cells for potential cell therapy approaches.
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