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Feig EH, Szapary C, Harnedy LE, Castillo C, Thorndike AN, Psaros C, Millstein RA, Huffman JC. Using Positive Psychology to Address Emotional Barriers to Physical Activity After Bariatric Surgery: Proof-of-Concept Trial of the Gaining Optimism After Weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2024; 31:189-202. [PMID: 38680521 PMCID: PMC11052544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity promotes health and longevity after metabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS), but most patients do not meet recommended levels. The Gaining Optimism After weight Loss Surgery (GOALS) Project was a positive psychological intervention designed to address common emotional barriers to physical activity in patients who have recently undergone MBS (e.g., low confidence around exercise, internalized weight bias, fear of injury) and use motivational interviewing and standard behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring) to increase physical activity. This single-arm proof-of-concept trial was designed to refine the intervention, test feasibility and acceptability, and explore pre-post changes in behavioral and psychological outcomes. Participants were 12 adults 6-12 months post-MBS (M age of 46, 58% female, 67% non-Hispanic white). GOALS was a 10-week telephone counseling program that introduced new positive psychological skills and physical activity topics each week. Participants tracked physical activity with a Fitbit and set weekly goals. Results showed that the intervention was feasible (85% of sessions completed) and acceptable (average participant ratings of session ease and utility above 8.0 on a 0-10 scale). There were medium-to-large effect size improvements in physical activity and psychological well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms). The GOALS intervention will next be tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial with longer-term follow-up to assess its effect more robustly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Feig
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeff C Huffman
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Koga HK, Grodstein F, Williams DR, Manson JE, Tindle HA, Shadyab AH, Michael YL, Saquib N, Naughton MJ, Guimond AJ, Kubzansky LD. Longitudinal Associations Between Optimism and Objective Measures of Physical Functioning in Women. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:489-497. [PMID: 38506825 PMCID: PMC10955391 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Importance Identifying factors contributing to sustained physical functioning is critical for the health and well-being of the aging population, especially as physical functioning may precede and predict subsequent health outcomes. Prior work suggests optimism may protect health, but less is known about the association between optimism and objective physical functioning measures as individuals age. Objective To evaluate the longitudinal association between optimism and 3 physical functioning measures. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective cohort study using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) with participants recruited from 1993 to 1998 and followed up over 6 years. Data analysis was conducted from January 2022 to July 2022. Participants included postmenopausal women older than 65 years recruited from 40 clinical centers in the US. Exposure Optimism was assessed at baseline using the Life Orientation Test-Revised. Main Outcomes and Measures Physical functioning was measured at 4 time points across 6 years by study staff evaluating performance in grip strength, timed walk, and chair stands. Results The final analytic sample included 5930 women (mean [SD] age, 70 [4] years). Linear mixed-effects models controlling for demographics, depression, health status, and health behaviors showed that higher optimism was associated with higher grip strength (β = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21-0.50) and number of chair stands (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.10) but not timed walk at baseline. Higher optimism was also associated with slower rates of decline in timed walk (β = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.04) and number of chair stands (β = 0.01; 95% CI, 0-0.03) but not grip strength over time. Cox proportional hazards models showed that higher optimism was associated with lower hazards of reaching clinically defined thresholds of impairment for all 3 outcomes over 6 years of follow-up. For example, in fully adjusted models, for a 1-SD increase in optimism, hazard ratios for reaching impairment thresholds were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92) for grip strength, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01) for timed walk, and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85-0.98) for chair stands. Conclusion and Relevance In this cohort study of postmenopausal women, at baseline, higher optimism was associated with higher grip strength and number of chair stands but not with the time it took to walk 6 m. Higher optimism at baseline was also associated with maintaining healthier functioning on 2 of the 3 performance measures over time, including less decline in walking speed and in number of chair stands women could perform over 6 years of follow-up. Given experimental studies suggesting that optimism is modifiable, it may be a promising target for interventions to slow age-related declines in physical functioning. Future work should explore associations of optimism with maintenance of physical functioning in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of African and African American Studies, Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary A. Tindle
- Division of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Yvonne L. Michael
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Bukairyah, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelle J. Naughton
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Anne-Josee Guimond
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Douma ER, Kop WJ, Kupper N. Associations Between Psychological Factors and Adherence to Health Behaviors After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Role of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:328-340. [PMID: 38431284 PMCID: PMC11008588 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary heart disease lowers the disease burden and risk of recurrent cardiac events. Examining psychological factors may improve post-PCI health behavior adherence. PURPOSE To determine whether psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, and the role of CR participation. METHODS Data from 1,682 patients (22.1% female, Mage = 64.0, SDage = 10.5 years) from the THORESCI cohort were included. Adjusted mixed models were used to examine associations between psychological factors and the 1-year course of health behaviors, using interactions to test for moderation by CR participation. RESULTS Psychological factors were associated with the trajectories of adherence to medical advice, exercise, and diet. The strongest association found was between optimism and the trajectory of dietary adherence (B: = -0.09, p = .026). Patients with high optimism levels had a worse trajectory of dietary adherence compared to patients with low to middle optimism levels. Participation in CR buffered the associations of high anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience, but strengthened the associations of high stress in the past year with the probability of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Psychological factors are associated with post-PCI health behavior adherence, but the pattern of associations is complex. Patients with high levels of anxiety, pessimism, and low to middle resilience levels may disproportionately benefit from CR. Cardiac rehabilitation programs could consider this to improve post-PCI health behavior adherence. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION # NCT02621216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Douma
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J Kop
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Kupper
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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4
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Milaniak I, Dębska G, Dębska-Ślizień A, Wasilewski G, Wierzbicki K, Przybyłowski P. Personal Resources and Expectations and Health Behaviors Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients-A Multicenter Study. Transplant Proc 2024:S0041-1345(24)00176-3. [PMID: 38584021 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term success of organ transplantation (Tx) depends on the transplant recipient's ability to self-manage symptoms, treatment, lifestyle changes, and psychosocial consequences. Health behavior (HB) determinants include personality traits such as optimism, self-efficacy, and health locus of control. PURPOSE Assessing the relationship between personal resources and expectations and health behaviors of organ transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted between 01/04/2018 and 30/10/2019 at 3 transplant centers in Poland. The study group consisted of 243 Tx recipients of kidney, heart, liver, and lung. The Health Behavior Inventory, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), General Self-Efficacy Scale, Dispositional Optimism Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to collect data. FINDINGS The study group had medium levels of dispositional optimism (mean 15) and high levels of self-efficacy (mean 30.18). The MHLC scale was dominated by a belief in the influence of others and an internal locus of control over one's health. The respondents presented a high level of HB (mean 92.09). A positive relationship was found between personal resources (self-efficacy and optimism), MHLC and HB. The presence of depression and anxiety negatively affected personal resources and internal locus of health control and HB in terms of a positive mental attitude. Type of Tx differentiated internal locus of health control and HB. Predictors of HB were dispositional optimism, self-efficacy, influence of others with health locus of control, symptoms of depression, age and time since transplantation-explaining between 6.1% and 14.5% of health behavior categories. CONCLUSIONS To improve health practices among organ recipients, strengthening their personal resources is recommended. It is necessary to form an internal locus of control for adherence to positive HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Milaniak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Dębska
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Gdańsk Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wasilewski
- Clinical Department of Heart, Vascular Surgery and Transplantology, Kraków Specialist Hospital Saint John Paul II, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Wierzbicki
- Cardiovascular Surgery & Transplantology Department, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Przybyłowski
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and Transplantology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases in Zabrze, Poland
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5
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Forster AK, Richards EA, Franks MM, Foli KJ, Hass Z. Positive Affect and Physical Activity Associations in Women and Their Spouses. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:278-287. [PMID: 38411159 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241233860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only 21% of U.S. women meet the recommended physical activity guidelines, placing them at increased risk for long-term conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. Physical activity is influenced by individual and interpersonal factors (e.g., romantic partners). Individual factors, such as positive affect, are associated with lower mortality risk and improved health behaviors. OBJECTIVES This secondary data analysis, guided by Fredrickson's Broaden and Build Theory, aims to examine the relationship between positive affect of married women (n = 115 couples) and their physical activity behavior on the same- and next- day, while also considering their spouses' positive affect. METHODS Two population average models assessed the relationship of calm and happy (positive affect) to physical activity. Physical activity was assessed as the sum of the minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the prior 24 hours. Covariates of age, baseline activity frequency, education, marital quality, and race/ethnicity were also included. RESULTS Women's happiness (β = 0.15, p < .005), not calmness (β = -0.03, p = .60), was found to have a significant association with same-day MVPA. Spouses' happiness (β = 0.11, p = .045) was significantly associated with women's next-day MVPA while their calmness (β = -0.04, p = .44) was not. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support that incorporating positive affect could be valuable for improving physical activity behaviors. Spouse reports provide additional context to consider in physical activity promotion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Forster
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Melissa M Franks
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karen J Foli
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zachary Hass
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, School of Nursing & Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xu J, Shen Z, Peng L, Mi Y, Xu H. Psychological Capital and Its Factors as Mediators Between Interpersonal Sensitivity and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Undergraduates. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:429-441. [PMID: 38348156 PMCID: PMC10860822 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s452993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current interpersonal sensitivity among college students is easily linked to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and other mood disorders. This study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological capital and its dimensions in the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms among undergraduates. Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted by using cluster stratified random sampling method across six Chinese universities between November and December 2022. The questionnaire consists of the Interpersonal Sensitivity sub-scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire and the Socio-Demographic Feature Questionnaire. Results A total of 2580 respondents participated in the survey, with the majority being females (69.73%) and an average age of 19.22±1.28 years. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS v24.0, while direct and indirect effects were analyzed using PROCESS v3.4 macro. The findings revealed that interpersonal sensitivity had a significant direct effect on depression symptoms among undergraduates (β =0.416, 95% Boot CI [0.380, 0.453], p < 0.001) Additionally, psychological capital and its components were found to be negatively correlated with depression (p < 0.001). Further analysis demonstrated that hope, optimism, and resilience significantly mediated the association between interpersonal sensitivity and depressive symptoms (indirect effect: hope = 0.056, optimism = 0.074, resilience = 0.099; p < 0.001 for all). Conclusion These results suggest that psychological capital, including its dimensions of hope, optimism, and resilience plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of interpersonal sensitivity on depressive symptoms among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Zhang
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziheng Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Peng
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Mi
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- School of Management, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Psychological Crisis Prevention and Intervention of College Students in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Do S, Didelez V, Börnhorst C, Coumans JMJ, Reisch LA, Danner UN, Russo P, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Molnár D, Hunsberger M, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ahrens W, Hebestreit A. The role of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness in food choices of European adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38169385 PMCID: PMC10759484 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether a hypothetical intervention targeting either psychosocial well-being or emotion-driven impulsiveness is more effective in reducing unhealthy food choices. Therefore, we aimed to compare the (separate) causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on European adolescents' sweet and fat propensity. METHODS We included 2,065 participants of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (mean age: 13.4) providing self-reported data on sweet propensity (score range: 0 to 68.4), fat propensity (range: 0 to 72.6), emotion-driven impulsiveness using the UPPS-P negative urgency subscale, and psychosocial well-being using the KINDLR Questionnaire. We estimated, separately, the average causal effects of psychosocial well-being and emotion-driven impulsiveness on sweet and fat propensity applying a semi-parametric doubly robust method (targeted maximum likelihood estimation). Further, we investigated a potential indirect effect of psychosocial well-being on sweet and fat propensity mediated via emotion-driven impulsiveness using a causal mediation analysis. RESULTS If all adolescents, hypothetically, had high levels of psychosocial well-being, compared to low levels, we estimated a decrease in average sweet propensity by 1.43 [95%-confidence interval: 0.25 to 2.61]. A smaller effect was estimated for fat propensity. Similarly, if all adolescents had high levels of emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to low levels, average sweet propensity would be decreased by 2.07 [0.87 to 3.26] and average fat propensity by 1.85 [0.81 to 2.88]. The indirect effect of psychosocial well-being via emotion-driven impulsiveness was 0.61 [0.24 to 1.09] for average sweet propensity and 0.55 [0.13 to 0.86] for average fat propensity. CONCLUSIONS An intervention targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness, compared to psychosocial well-being, would be marginally more effective in reducing sweet and fat propensity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Do
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Didelez
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juul M J Coumans
- Teaching and Learning Centre, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Unna N Danner
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Utrecht University, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child health, REF, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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8
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Chen X, Guo Y, Zhang T, Lin J, Ding X. Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38169138 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes airflow blockage and breathing-related issues. This chronic disease impacts people worldwide. Substantial evidence supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to help patients with chronic illnesses cope with worrisome and painful symptoms. However, the impact of CBT on COPD outcomes is less understood. OBJECTIVE In this study, we systematically summarized the effects of CBT on lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and quality of life of patients with COPD. METHODS Six English-language and four Chinese-language databases were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials published through April 15, 2023. Studies in which CBT was the only difference in treatment administered to experimental and control groups were included in the review. The studies' risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Criteria. RESULTS Sixteen studies (1887 participants) were included. The meta-analysis showed that CBT improved the percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 %), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 /FVC ratio, maximal voluntary ventilation, peak expiratory flow, treatment compliance, and World Health Organization abbreviated quality of life, Self-rating Anxiety and Depression Scale, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores compared with the control (all p < .05). CONCLUSION This review demonstrated that CBT improves the lung function, anxiety and depressive symptoms, treatment compliance, and quality of life of patients with COPD and can be used widely in the clinical treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Chen
- Nursing Department, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tuoxin Zhang
- Marxism College, Fujian Polytechnic of lnformation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- Nursing College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xintong Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Dobersek U, Bender M, Etienne A, Fernandez Gil GE, Hostetter C. Meat consumption & positive mental health: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102556. [PMID: 38186660 PMCID: PMC10770626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to examine the breadth of the existing literature on the relation between meat consumption or meat abstention and positive psychological functioning. In April 2022, we conducted a systematic search of online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) for primary research examining positive psychological functioning in meat consumers and those who abstain from meat. Thirteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, representing 89,138 participants (54,413 females and 33,863 males) with 78,562 meat consumers and 10,148 meat abstainers (13-102 years) from multiple geographic regions. The primary outcomes were life satisfaction, "positive mental health", self-esteem, and vigor. The secondary outcomes were "meaning in life", optimism, positive emotions, and psychological well-being. Eight of the 13 studies demonstrated no differences between the groups on positive psychological functioning, three studies showed mixed results, and two studies showed that compared to meat abstainers, meat consumers had greater self-esteem, "positive mental health", and "meaning in life". Studies varied substantially in methods and outcomes. Although a small minority of studies showed that meat consumers had more positive psychological functioning, no studies suggested that meat abstainers did. There was mixed evidence for temporal relations, but study designs precluded causal inferences. Our review demonstrates the need for future research given the equivocal nature of the extant literature on the relation between meat consumption and meat abstention and positive psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Dobersek
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Mary Bender
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Alexandria Etienne
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | | | - Claire Hostetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
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10
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Bey GS, Pike JR, Palta P. Distinct moderating pathways for psychosocial risk and resilience in the association of neighborhood disadvantage with incident heart failure among Black persons. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101475. [PMID: 37736261 PMCID: PMC10509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether psychosocial factors moderate the associations between neighborhood disadvantage and incident heart failure (HF). Methods Among 1448 Non-Hispanic (NH) Black persons dually enrolled in two community-based cohorts in Jackson, Mississippi who were free of HF as of January 1, 2000, 336 HF events classified by reviewer panel accrued through December 31, 2017. Multilevel, multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine whether optimism and negative affect moderated the associations of two measures of neighborhood characteristics (the national Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and perceived neighborhood problems) on incident hospitalized HF. Results Optimism moderated the association of the ADI with incident HF. Compared to participants reporting the lowest tertile of optimism, those in the highest tertile of optimism had a 29% lower rate of HF associated with increasing ADI in fully adjusted models. We found no evidence for a moderating effect of negative affect. Conclusions This study supports optimism as a source of resilience to the detrimental effects of neighborhood disadvantage on HF risk. Population-level strategies to promote sociocultural antecedents to optimism may serve as a viable method of reducing the disproportionate burden of HF among NH Black persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga S. Bey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, USA
| | - James R. Pike
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, USA
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Palacios-Delgado J, Acevedo-Ibarra JN. Psychometric Properties of a New Mexican Optimism Scale: Ethnopsychological Approach. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2747-2764. [PMID: 38131889 PMCID: PMC10743040 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, a Mexican Optimism Scale was constructed to investigate and estimate psychometric properties (reliability and validity based on the measurement model). The convergent validity and validity criterion were evaluated for a sample of young Mexicans. METHODS The scale was presented to 848 Mexican young people aged between 17 and 30 years from three different regions of Mexico. The scale was reduced to 20 items on the basis of CFA and analyses of internal consistency. RESULTS The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested a three-factor structure of optimism: affective resources, positive vision and hope. The data provided evidence for convergent validity with positive affect, negative affect and coping. Additionally, males scored higher on affective resources and positive vision than females. Finally, the results support the reliability of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the Mexican Optimism Scale proved to be highly acceptable and allow for a novel assessment of optimism from an ethnopsychological perspective. Validity, reliability and invariance were determined, as well as percentiles for the practical use of the scale. This scale may be of crucial importance for future research on optimism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Palacios-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación en Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Querétaro, Blvd. Juriquilla No. 1000 A Del. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Jessica Noemí Acevedo-Ibarra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Cumbres, Calle Av Las Palmas 5500, Cima de Las Cumbres, Monterrey 64610, Mexico
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12
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Rodrigues CE, Grandt CL, Alwafa RA, Badrasawi M, Aleksandrova K. Determinants and indicators of successful aging as a multidimensional outcome: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1258280. [PMID: 38074742 PMCID: PMC10703300 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1258280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Successful aging (SA) has been coined as a term to describe the multidimensional aspects associated with achieving optimal combination of physical and mental health along with social well-being health, mental and social well-being at older age. In recent years there has been an increased interest in understanding the role of determinants of SA, such as demographic, biological, behavioral, psychological and social factors. To synthesize the recent evidence, we conducted a systematic review of longitudinal studies on a range of determinants and indicators of SA defined as a multidimensional outcome. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science for finding eligible papers published between August 2016 and June 2023 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration number: CRD42021250200). The web-based automated screening tool-Rayyan-was used for title and abstract screening. The study quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Results A total of 3,191 records were initially identified using the predefined search strategy. Out of 289 articles selected for full text screening, 22 were found eligible and included in the review. A variety of factors have been explored in relation to SA, ranging from socio-demographic factors, nutrition, lifestyle, biological pathways, psychological health, and well-being. Overall, the results of recent studies have confirmed the role of metabolic health, adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, non-smoking, and higher socio-economic status as main factors associated with higher odds for SA. Emerging research highlights the role of psycho-social factors and early life health as determinants of SA. Conclusion In summary, this review highlights the importance of healthy living and monitoring metabolic risk along with sustaining psychological well-being in adult life as major determinants of SA. Further methodological and research work on SA would pave the way toward development of adequate health promotion policies in aging societies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021250200, CRD42021250200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caue Egea Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caine Lucas Grandt
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Reem Abu Alwafa
- Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Park JW, Dulin AJ, Scarpaci MM, Dionne LA, Needham BL, Sims M, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Loucks EB, Fava JL, Eaton CB, Howe CJ. Examining the Relationship Between Multilevel Resilience Resources and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Overall and by Psychosocial Risks, Among Participants in the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1864-1881. [PMID: 37442807 PMCID: PMC11043787 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined relationships between resilience resources (optimism, social support, and neighborhood social cohesion) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and assessed potential effect-measure modification by psychosocial risk factors (e.g., stress, depression) among adults without CVD in 3 cohort studies (2000-2018): the Jackson Heart Study, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study. We fitted adjusted Cox models accounting for within-neighborhood clustering while censoring at dropout or non-CVD death. We assessed for effect-measure modification by psychosocial risks. In secondary analyses, we estimated standardized risk ratios using inverse-probability-weighted Aalen-Johansen estimators to account for confounding, dropout, and competing risks (non-CVD deaths) and obtained 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using cluster bootstrapping. For high and medium (versus low) optimism (n = 6,243), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident CVD were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.13) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.07), respectively. Corresponding HRs were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.04) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79, 1.06) for social support (n = 7,729) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.29) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.16) for social cohesion (n = 7,557), respectively. Some psychosocial risks modified CVD HRs. Secondary analyses yielded similar findings. For optimism and social support, an inverse relationship was frequently most compatible with the data, but a positive relationship was also compatible. For neighborhood social cohesion, positive and null relationships were most compatible. Thus, specific resilience resources may be potential intervention targets, especially among certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chanelle J Howe
- Correspondence to Dr. Chanelle Howe, Center for Epidemiologic Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912 (e-mail: )
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Fontesse S, Fournier V, Gérain P, Dassonneville C, Lelorain S, Duprez C, Christophe V, Piessen G, Grynberg D. Happy thus survivor? A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between cancer survival and positive states, emotions, and traits. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1631-1643. [PMID: 37798951 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditionally, the literature investigating patient-reported outcomes in relation to cancer survival focused on negative factors such as distress. Meta-analyses in this field have provided a clear identification of negative affect that reduce cancer survival (e.g., depression). Nevertheless, positive psychological factors and especially positive affect might be equally crucial for cancer survival but have been neglected so far. While studies in this domain have been conducted, they remain less numerous and have produced mixed results. METHODS A pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (https://osf.io/jtw7x) aimed at identifying the positive affect linked to mortality in cancers were conducted. Four databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched to find longitudinal studies linking positive affect to survival in cancers. Two reviewers completed each stage of the study selection process, the data extraction, and the Quality in Prognosis Studies risk of bias assessments. RESULTS Twenty-four studies involving 822,789 patients were included based on the 2462 references identified. The meta-analysis reveals that positive affect is associated with longer survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.91; 95% CI [0.86, 0.96], z = -3.58, p < 0.001) and lower mortality (Odd Ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% CI [0.45, 0.78], z = -3.70, p < 0.001). Sub-group analyses indicated that the main predictors of survival are emotional and physical well-being, optimism, and vitality. CONCLUSION This work emphasizes the need to consider the role of affective mechanisms in patients with cancer, including their levels of well-being or optimism to provide the most favorable conditions for survival. Therefore, stronger and continuous effort to improve patients' positive affect could be particularly beneficial for their life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Fontesse
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentyn Fournier
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gérain
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Speech and Language Therapy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dassonneville
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Christelle Duprez
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Christophe
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon - UCBL, CRCL UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Grynberg
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Brown R, Sillence E, Pepper G. Individual characteristics associated with perceptions of control over mortality risk and determinants of health effort. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023. [PMID: 37871995 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
People who believe they have greater control over health and longevity are typically more likely to invest in their long-term health. Investigating individual differences in perceived control over risk and exploring different determinants of health effort may help to tailor health promotion programs to more effectively encourage healthy behaviors. From a sample of 1500 adults, we measured perceived control over 20 causes of death, overall perceived uncontrollable mortality risk (PUMR), state-level optimism, self-reported health effort, and the accuracy of estimations of avoidable deaths. We found individual differences in perceptions of control over specific causes of death based on age, gender, and income. PUMR was predicted by socioeconomic variables expected to influence exposure to risk and resource availability. Higher levels of PUMR, not perceptions of control over specific causes of death, predicted self-reported health effort. The strength of relationship between PUMR and lower health effort was not moderated by state-level optimism. Age and education both positively predicted greater accuracy in assessing the prevalence of avoidable deaths. We suggest that PUMR may capture people's "general sense" of mortality risk, influenced by both exposure to hazards and the availability of resources to avoid threats. Conversely, perceived control over specific risks may involve more deliberate, considered appraisals of risk. This general sense of risk is thought to play a more notable role in determining health behaviors than specific assessments of control over risk. Further study is needed to investigate the degree to which PUMR accurately reflects objective measures of individual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brown
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Gillian Pepper
- Psychology Department, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
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16
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Parra-Gaete C, Hermosa-Bosano C. A pilot exploration of the relationships between optimism, affect, and cardiovascular reactivity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1233900. [PMID: 37908813 PMCID: PMC10613684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular reactivity refers to changes in blood pressure and heart rate in response to internal or external stimuli. Previous research has shown that excessively high and low cardiovascular reactivity are associated with an increased risk of cardiac problems. Dispositional optimism has been associated with numerous health benefits, including better cardiovascular responses to stressors, and reduced mortality risk. Conversely, pessimism has been associated with negative health outcomes and worse cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Mood, comprising positive and negative affect, can significantly impact psychological adjustment and physical health. Therefore, it is important to consider mood as a potential confounding variable in the link between optimism and cardiovascular reactivity. The study hypothesized that optimism and pessimism would still influence cardiovascular reactivity even when mood variables were controlled for. Methods A within-subjects correlational design with 107 young adult participants was used. Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires were administered to collect information on participants' characteristics. The Dispositional Optimism Scale (LOT-R) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were used to assess participants' levels of optimism, pessimism, and mood. Measures of cardiovascular reactivity, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR), were taken during a stressor task (PASAT). Results There is a moderate positive correlation between dispositional optimism and positive affect, while pessimism demonstrated a moderate positive association with negative affect. Linear regression analyses were conducted, controlling baseline reactivity variables, gender, and body mass index. The results showed that pessimism had a significant negative effect on SBP reactivity, suggesting that higher levels of pessimism decreased SBP response. Optimism had a significant positive effect on DBP reactivity, while pessimism had a significant negative effect. Discussion Overall, these results suggest that dispositional optimism and pessimism are related to cardiovascular reactivity, even after controlling for positive and negative affect. Pessimism was associated with lower SBP reactivity, while both optimism and pessimism influenced DBP reactivity. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating that optimism enables more effective stress management during challenging events, whereas pessimism can serve as a risk factor, heightening the likelihood of experiencing future cardiac issued caused by blunted cardiovascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Parra-Gaete
- Grupo de Investigación Bienestar, Salud y Sociedad, Escuela de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Sachs BC, Gaussoin SA, Brenes GA, Casanova R, Chlebowski RT, Chen JC, Luo J, Rapp SR, Shadyab AH, Shumaker S, Wactawski-Wende J, Wells GL, Hayden KM. The relationship between optimism, MCI, and dementia among postmenopausal women. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1208-1216. [PMID: 35694859 PMCID: PMC9741664 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between optimism and cognitive functioning is not fully understood. We examined the association of optimism with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). METHODS Optimism was measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) total score, and optimism and pessimism subscales. A panel of experts adjudicated cognitive endpoints based on annual cognitive assessments. We used cox proportional hazard regression models to examine the association of LOT-R total score and optimism and pessimism sub-scores with MCI/dementia. We also examined the relationship between vascular disease, LOT-R total score, optimism and pessimism, and cognition. RESULTS Mean age was 70.5 (SD = 3.9) years. The sample (N = 7249) was 87% white, and 29.8% of participants had < 12 years of education. Total LOT-R score (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98, p < 0.001) was associated with lower risk of combined MCI or dementia. More pessimism (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.11, p < 0.0001) was associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia after adjustment for ethnicity, education, vascular disease, and depression. No significant relationships emerged from the optimism subscale. CONCLUSION These data suggest that less pessimism, but not more optimism, was associated with a lower risk of MCI and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Sachs
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,NC USA
| | - Sarah A Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Gretchen A Brenes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,NC USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sally Shumaker
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Gretchen L Wells
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
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Zuccarella-Hackl C, Princip M, Auschra B, Meister-Langraf RE, Barth J, Käne RV. Association of positive psychological well-being with circulating inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105186. [PMID: 37076058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows a protective effect of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) on health outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. One pathway relates to enhanced immune functioning (Boehm, 2021). The aim of this project was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between PPWB and circulating inflammatory biomarkers and determine the magnitude of this association. After examining 748 references, 29 studies were included. Results from over 94'700 participants revealed a significant association between PPWB and reduced levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (r=-0.05; P<.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=-0.06; P<.001) with a heterogeneity of I2 = 31.5% and I2 = 84.5%, respectively. Only the association of PPWB with CRP was independent of co-variates included in the individual studies (r=-0.04; P=.027),. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PPWB is associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and CRP in the circulation. Such relationships with inflammatory biomarkers may partly explain positive effects of PPWB on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Princip
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Auschra
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca E Meister-Langraf
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clienia Schlössli AG, Oetwil am See, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Barth
- Institute for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Käne
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Datar A, Nicosia N, Samek A. Heterogeneity in place effects on health: The case of time preferences and adolescent obesity. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 49:101218. [PMID: 36623470 PMCID: PMC10164697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We leverage a natural experiment in combination with data on adolescents' time preferences to assess whether there is heterogeneity in place effects on adolescent obesity. We exploit the plausibly exogenous assignment of military servicemembers, and consequently their children, to different installations to identify place effects. Adolescents' time preferences are measured by a validated survey scale. Using the obesity rate in the assigned installation county as a summary measure of its obesity-related environments, we show that exposure to counties with higher obesity rates increases the likelihood of obesity among less patient adolescents but not among their more patient counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlesha Datar
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Nancy Nicosia
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza # 920, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
| | - Anya Samek
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego, Wells Fargo Hall, 9500 Gilman Drive #0553, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Huffman JC, Feig EH, Zambrano J, Celano CM. Positive Psychology Interventions in Medical Populations: Critical Issues in Intervention Development, Testing, and Implementation. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:59-71. [PMID: 37070006 PMCID: PMC10105001 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Positive psychological well-being is prospectively associated with superior health outcomes. Positive psychology interventions have promise as a potentially feasible and effective means of increasing well-being and health in those with medical illness, and several initial studies have shown the potential of such programs in medical populations. At the same time, numerous key issues in the existing positive psychology literature must be addressed to ensure that these interventions are optimally effective. These include (1) assessing the nature and scope of PPWB as part of intervention development and application; (2) identifying and utilizing theoretical models that can clearly outline potential mechanisms by which positive psychology interventions may affect health outcomes; (3) determining consistent, realistic targets for positive psychology interventions; (4) developing consistent approaches to the promotion of positive psychological well-being; (5) emphasizing the inclusion of diverse samples in treatment development and testing; and (6) considering implementation and scalability from the start of intervention development to ensure effective real-world application. Attention to these six domains could greatly facilitate the generation of effective, replicable, and easily adopted positive psychology programs for medical populations with the potential to have an important impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Emily H. Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Juliana Zambrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
| | - Christopher M. Celano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, MB Boston, USA
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Kubzansky LD, Kim ES, Boehm JK, Davidson RJ, Huffman JC, Loucks EB, Lyubomirsky S, Picard RW, Schueller SM, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, VanderWeele TJ, Warran K, Yeager DS, Yeh CS, Moskowitz JT. Interventions to Modify Psychological Well-Being: Progress, Promises, and an Agenda for Future Research. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2023; 4:174-184. [PMID: 37064816 PMCID: PMC9982781 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychological well-being, characterized by feelings, cognitions, and strategies that are associated with positive functioning (including hedonic and eudaimonic well-being), has been linked with better physical health and greater longevity. Importantly, psychological well-being can be strengthened with interventions, providing a strategy for improving population health. But are the effects of well-being interventions meaningful, durable, and scalable enough to improve health at a population-level? To assess this possibility, a cross-disciplinary group of scholars convened to review current knowledge and develop a research agenda. Here we summarize and build on the key insights from this convening, which were: (1) existing interventions should continue to be adapted to achieve a large-enough effect to result in downstream improvements in psychological functioning and health, (2) research should determine the durability of interventions needed to drive population-level and lasting changes, (3) a shift from individual-level care and treatment to a public-health model of population-level prevention is needed and will require new infrastructure that can deliver interventions at scale, (4) interventions should be accessible and effective in racially, ethnically, and geographically diverse samples. A discussion examining the key future research questions follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Mindfulness Center, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI USA
| | - Sonja Lyubomirsky
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
| | | | - Stephen M. Schueller
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Katey Warran
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arts & Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David S. Yeager
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | | | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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Maruta M, Shimokihara S, Akasaki Y, Hidaka Y, Ikeda Y, Han G, Tanaka G, Higashi T, Moriuchi T, Tabira T. Associations between Optimism and Attentional Biases as Measured by Threat-Avoidance and Positive-Search Tasks. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040617. [PMID: 36833151 PMCID: PMC9956957 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that optimism has a positive impact on health status. Attentional bias modification (ABM) may be beneficial for enhancing optimism, but its effective application requires a detailed investigation of the association between attentional bias and optimism. This study aimed to determine the association between attentional bias and optimism based on different task types. Eighty-four participants completed the attentional bias measures using the dot-probe task (DPT), emotional visual search task (EVST) paradigms, and psychological assessments. Optimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised with subscales for optimism and pessimism. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the association between optimism and attentional bias. Neither the attentional bias derived from DPT nor EVST was significantly correlated with optimism total score or subscales. Regression analysis also showed no association between attentional bias and optimism (DPT, β = 0.12; EVST, β = 0.09), optimism subscales (DPT, β = 0.09; EVST, β = 0.17), or pessimism subscales (DPT, β = -0.10; EVST, β = 0.02). Our findings showed no evidence that attentional biases derived from either the DPT or EVST measures are associated with optimism or pessimism. Further studies are needed to effectively adapt the ABM to enhance optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Maruta
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Suguru Shimokihara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Akasaki
- Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Chuo Hospital, 1-140 Kinko-cho, Tarumizu 891-2124, Japan
| | - Yuma Hidaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Okatsu Hospital, Medical Corporation, Sanshukai, 3-95, Masagohonmachi, Kagoshima 890-0067, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ikeda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Gwanghee Han
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa 830-8501, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Craig H, Gasevic D, Ryan J, Owen A, McNeil J, Woods R, Britt C, Ward S, Freak-Poli R. Socioeconomic, Behavioural, and Social Health Correlates of Optimism and Pessimism in Older Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3259. [PMID: 36833951 PMCID: PMC9961087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism is a disposition characterised by positive future expectancies, while pessimism is characterised by expecting the worst. High optimism and low pessimism promote the health of older adults and may potentiate full engagement in life. We identified socioeconomic, behavioural, and social factors associated with optimism and pessimism in older adults. METHODS Participants included 10,146 community-dwelling, apparently healthy Australian adults aged 70 years and over from the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP). Optimism and pessimism were measured using the revised Life Orientation Test. Cross-sectional ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the socioeconomic, behavioural, and social health factors associated with optimism and pessimism. RESULTS Higher education, greater physical activity, lower loneliness, and volunteering were associated with higher optimism and lower pessimism. Low social support was associated with higher pessimism. Higher socioeconomic advantage, greater income, and living alone were associated with lower pessimism. Women were more optimistic and less pessimistic than men. The association of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption with optimism and pessimism differed for men and women. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated with higher optimism and lower pessimism were also those demonstrated to support healthy ageing. Health-promotion action at the individual level (e.g., smoking cessation or regular physical activity), health professional level (e.g., social prescribing or improving access and quality of care for all older adults), and community level (e.g., opportunities for volunteer work or low-cost social activities for older adults) may improve optimism and reduce pessimism, possibly also promoting healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Craig
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Robyn Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Carlene Britt
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stephanie Ward
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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Qureshi F, Guimond A, Tsao E, Delaney S, Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD. Adolescent Psychological Assets and Cardiometabolic Health Maintenance in Adulthood: Implications for Health Equity. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026173. [PMID: 36628968 PMCID: PMC9939070 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Positive cardiometabolic health (CMH) is defined as meeting recommended levels of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in the absence of manifest disease. Prior work finds that few individuals-particularly members of minoritized racial and ethnic groups-meet these criteria. This study investigated whether psychological assets help adolescents sustain CMH in adulthood and explored interactions by race and ethnicity. Methods and Results Participants were 3478 individuals in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (49% female; 67% White, 15% Black, 11% Latinx, 6% other [Native American, Asian, or not specified]). In Wave 1 (1994-1995; mean age=16 years), data on 5 psychological assets (optimism, happiness, self-esteem, belongingness, and feeling loved) were used to create a composite asset index (range=0-5). In Waves 4 (2008; mean age=28 years) and 5 (2016-2018; mean age=38 years), CMH was defined using 7 clinically assessed biomarkers. Participants with healthy levels of ≥6 biomarkers at Waves 4 and 5 were classified as maintaining CMH over time. The prevalence of CMH maintenance was 12%. Having more psychological assets was associated with better health in adulthood (odds ratio [OR]linear trend, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.25]). Subgroup analyses found substantive associations only among Black participants (OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.00-1.82]). Additionally, there was some evidence that racial and ethnic disparities in CMH maintenance may be less pronounced among participants with more assets. Conclusions Youth with more psychological assets were more likely to experience favorable CMH patterns 2 decades later. The strongest associations were observed among Black individuals. Fostering psychological assets in adolescence may help prevent cardiovascular disease and play an underappreciated role in shaping health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Anne‐Josee Guimond
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and HappinessHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Elaine Tsao
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and HappinessHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Scott Delaney
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and HappinessHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | | | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and HappinessHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
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25
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Greco A, Adorni R, De Matteis C, D’Addario M, Fattirolli F, Franzelli C, Giannattasio C, Luyckx K, Steca P. Latent change models of lifestyle in acute coronary syndrome patients: Are lifestyle changes associated with resilience changes? Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231167836. [PMID: 37007212 PMCID: PMC10064170 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231167836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role of resilience resources in patients' lifestyle changes after the first Acute Coronary event. 275 Italian patients (84.0% men; mean age = 57.5, SD = 7.9) participated in a longitudinal study. Resilience resources (Self-esteem, Dispositional Optimism, Sense of Coherence – SOC, General and Disease-specific Self-efficacy), and lifestyles (diet, physical activity, and smoking) were assessed twice (at baseline and after 6 months). Path analysis using latent change models was performed to model the combined effect of levels and changes of the resilience resources over lifestyle changes. Patients with strong SOC at baseline were less prone to smoke and more prone to decrease smoking; enhancement in SOC was associated with a smoking decrease. High Disease-specific Self-efficacy at baseline was associated with an improvement in all lifestyles; enhancement in Disease-specific Self-efficacy predicted an increase in physical activity. Findings underline the need to design psychological interventions that promote patients' Disease-specific Self-efficacy and SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Roberta Adorni, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara De Matteis
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco D’Addario
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Giannattasio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology IV, “A. De Gasperis” Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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26
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Abbott J, Hurley MA, Chadwick H, Peckham D. Ways of coping and survival in Cystic Fibrosis: a 20-year longitudinal study. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:112-118. [PMID: 35461783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between ways of coping and health outcomes has been a focus of interest for decades. There is increasing recognition that positive psychological functioning can influence health outcomes beneficially. This work investigated the role of coping in predicting survival in CF. METHODS A longitudinal observational cohort study with a 20-year follow-up period was undertaken. At entry to the study, demographic and clinical variables were recorded, and ways of coping were assessed using the Cystic Fibrosis Coping Scale which measures four distinct ways of coping: optimism, hopefulness, distraction and avoidance. Survival outcome was measured as time in days from the date of recruitment to exit from the study, where exit was either death, loss to follow-up or the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS Survival time was modelled using Cox's proportional hazards model. At baseline, 116 people with CF were recruited. By the census date, 54 people had died (14 men had died during 248,565 person-days of observation and 40 women had died during 358,372 person-days of observation). Optimism was the only way of coping that showed any beneficial effect on survival (RR=0.984, p=0.040) after adjustments for age, gender, ppFEV1 and the three other coping variables measured at baseline. CONCLUSION This work suggests that optimistic coping serves as a prognostic measure of survival in CF beyond key clinical and demographic variables. Ways of coping are modifiable, providing a target for clinical intervention; to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes and potentially increase longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Abbott
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Margaret A Hurley
- Faculty of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Helen Chadwick
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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27
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Park JW, Howe CJ, Dionne LA, Scarpaci MM, Needham BL, Sims M, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Fava JL, Loucks EB, Eaton CB, Dulin AJ. Social support, psychosocial risks, and cardiovascular health: Using harmonized data from the Jackson Heart Study, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101284. [PMID: 36387018 PMCID: PMC9646650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Social support may have benefits on cardiovascular health (CVH). CVH is evaluated using seven important metrics (Life's Simple 7; LS7) established by the American Heart Association (e.g., smoking, diet). However, evidence from longitudinal studies is limited and inconsistent. The objective of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationship between social support and CVH, and assess whether psychosocial risks (e.g., anger and stress) modify the relationship in a racially/ethnically diverse population. Methods Participants from three harmonized cohort studies - Jackson Heart Study, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis - were included. Repeated-measures modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the overall relationship between social support (in tertiles) and CVH (LS7 metric), and to assess for effect modification by psychosocial risk. Results Among 7724 participants, those with high (versus low) social support had an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ideal or intermediate (versus poor) CVH of 0.99 (0.96-1.03). For medium (versus low) social support, the aPR (95% CI) was 1.01 (0.98-1.05). There was evidence for modification by employment and anger. Those with medium (versus low) social support had an aPR (95% CI) of 1.04 (0.99-1.10) among unemployed or low anger participants. Corresponding results for employed or high anger participants were 0.99 (0.94-1.03) and 0.97 (0.91-1.03), respectively. Conclusion Overall, we observed no strong evidence for an association between social support and CVH. However, some psychosocial risks may be modifiers. Prospective studies are needed to assess the social support-CVH relationship by psychosocial risks in racially/ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Park
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Chanelle J. Howe
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura A. Dionne
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew M. Scarpaci
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph L. Fava
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Akilah J. Dulin
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Bey GS. The Identity Vitality-Pathology model: A novel theoretical framework proposing "identity state" as a modulator of the pathways from structural to health inequity. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115495. [PMID: 36335704 PMCID: PMC10269584 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga S Bey
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
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29
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Felt JM, Russell MA, Johnson JA, Ruiz JM, Uchino BN, Allison M, Smith TW, Taylor DJ, Ahn C, Smyth J. Within-person associations of optimistic and pessimistic expectations with momentary stress, affect, and ambulatory blood pressure. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36371799 PMCID: PMC10182181 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2142574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although dispositional optimism and pessimism have been prospectively associated with health outcomes, little is known about how these associations manifest in everyday life. This study examined how short-term optimistic and pessimistic expectations were associated with psychological and physiological stress processes. METHODS A diverse sample of adults (N = 300) completed a 2-day/1-night ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) protocol at ∼45-minute intervals. RESULTS Moments that were more optimistic than typical for a person were followed by moments with lower likelihood of reporting a stressor, higher positive affect (PA), lower negative affect (NA), and less subjective stress (SS). Moments that were more pessimistic than typical were not associated with any affective stress outcome at the following moment. Neither optimism nor pessimism were associated with ABP, and did not moderate associations between reporting a stressor and outcomes. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that intraindividual fluctuations in optimistic and pessimistic expectations are associated with stressor appraisals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Felt
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chul Ahn
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joshua Smyth
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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30
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Arsyi DH, Permana PBD, Karim RI, Abdurachman. The role of optimism in manifesting recovery outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2022; 162:111044. [PMID: 36170801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a major surgery conducted in coronary heart disease management. Postoperative recovery is a crucial process for patients undergoing CABG. This systematic review evaluates current evidence regarding the association between trait optimism and recovery outcomes in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 Guideline. The inclusion criteria focused on observational study that examined study participants aged ≥18 years old undergoing elective CABG and measurement of trait optimism with validated methods (i.e. LOT, LOT-R) and at least one recovery outcome. Studies in non-English languages and duplicates were excluded. A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Search results were screened based on the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of each included study. RESULTS The search yielded a total of 1853 articles, in which 7 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were subsequently included in the analysis. Measurement of trait optimism was conducted on 1276 patients who underwent a non-emergency/elective CABG. Optimism was significantly associated with several categories of recovery, including reduced rehospitalization rate, complications, pain, and physical symptoms along with improved quality of life, rate of return to normal life, and psychological status. CONCLUSION Our review showed that trait optimism was associated with recovery outcomes following CABG surgery. However, the heterogeneity of recovery outcomes may hamper the clinical benefit of trait optimism in CABG. (PROSPERO CRD42022301882).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Habri Arsyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Putu Bagus Dharma Permana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Raden Ikhsanuddin Karim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Abdurachman
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo Street no. 47, Surabaya, East Java 60132, Indonesia.
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Feig EH, Madva EN, Millstein RA, Zambrano J, Amonoo HL, Longley RM, Okoro F, Huffman JC, Celano CM, Hoeppner B. Can positive psychological interventions improve health behaviors? A systematic review of the literature. Prev Med 2022; 163:107214. [PMID: 35998764 PMCID: PMC10141541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Positive psychological interventions (PPIs), which aim to cultivate psychological well-being, have the potential to improve health behavior adherence. This systematic review summarized the existing literature on PPI studies with a health behavior outcome to examine study methodology, quality, and efficacy. Of the 27 identified studies, 20 measured physical activity, eight measured medication adherence, seven measured diet, and three measured smoking (eight targeted multiple behaviors). Twenty studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 13 fully powered), and seven had a single-arm design. Study samples were usually adults (n = 21), majority non-Hispanic white (n = 15) and female (n = 14), and with a specific disease (e.g., diabetes, n = 16). Most interventions combined a PPI with health behavior-focused content (n = 17), used a remote delivery method (n = 17), and received a moderate or low study quality rating. Overall, 19/27 studies found a health behavior improvement of at least medium effect size, while six of the 13 studies powered to detect significant effects were statistically significant. Of the behaviors measured, physical activity was most likely to improve (14/20 studies). In summary, PPIs are being increasingly studied as a strategy to enhance health behavior adherence. The existing literature is limited by small sample size, low study quality and inconsistent intervention content and outcome measurement. Future research should establish the most effective components of PPIs that can be tailored to different populations, use objective health behavior measurement, and robustly examine the effects of PPIs on health behaviors in fully powered RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Elizabeth N Madva
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel A Millstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana Zambrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hermioni L Amonoo
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Regina M Longley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Florence Okoro
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Celano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bettina Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Koga HK, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Lee LO, James P, Kroenke C, Garcia L, Shadyab AH, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Manson JE, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD. Optimism, lifestyle, and longevity in a racially diverse cohort of women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2022; 70:2793-2804. [PMID: 35674052 PMCID: PMC9588526 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has suggested optimism is associated with healthy aging and exceptional longevity, but most studies were conducted among non-Hispanic White populations. We examined associations of optimism to longevity across racial and ethnic groups and assessed healthy lifestyle as a possible mediating pathway. METHODS Participants from the Women's Health Initiative (N = 159,255) completed a validated measure of optimism and provided other demographic and health data at baseline. We evaluated associations of optimism with increments in lifespan using accelerated failure time models, and with likelihood of exceptional longevity (survival to age ≥90) using Poisson regression models. Causal mediation analysis explored whether lifestyle-related factors mediated optimism-lifespan associations. RESULTS After covariate adjustment, the highest versus lowest optimism quartile was associated with 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5, 6.4%) longer lifespan. Within racial and ethnic subgroups, these estimates were 5.1% (95%CI = 4.0, 6.1%) in non-Hispanic White, 7.6% (95%CI = 3.6, 11.7%) in Black, 5.4% (95%CI = -0.1, 11.2%) in Hispanic/Latina, and 1.5% (95% CI = -5.0, 8.5) in Asian women. A high proportion (53%) of the women achieved exceptional longevity. Participants in the highest versus lowest optimism quartile had greater likelihood of achieving exceptional longevity (e.g., full sample risk ratio = 1.1, 95%CI = 1.1, 1.1). Lifestyle mediated 24% of the optimism-lifespan association in the full sample, 25% in non-Hispanic White, 10% in Black, 24% in Hispanic/Latina, and 43% in Asian women. CONCLUSIONS Higher optimism was associated with longer lifespan and a greater likelihood of achieving exceptional longevity overall and across racial and ethnic groups. The contribution of lifestyle to these associations was modest. Optimism may promote health and longevity in diverse racial and ethnic groups. Future research should investigate these associations in less long-lived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, and the Research Center of Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal
| | - Lewina O. Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Candyce Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | | | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
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Craig H, Ryan J, Freak-Poli R, Owen A, McNeil J, Woods RL, Britt C, Tonkin A, Gasevic D. The Association of Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism With Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Aging Health 2022; 34:961-972. [PMID: 35410519 PMCID: PMC10026003 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221083118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Positive psychosocial factors may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the association of optimism and pessimism with CVD events in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: 11,651 adults aged 70 years and over, participants of the ASPREE Longitudinal Study of Older Persons (ALSOP), were followed-up for 4.7 years (median). The association of optimism and pessimism (assessed as separate constructs by revised Life Orientation Test) and incident CVD events (composite and components) was assessed by Cox regression adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors. Results: No association was observed between optimism and pessimism with composite CVD events. Being more pessimistic was associated with a greater risk of fatal coronary heart disease, while being more optimistic was associated with a lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Optimism and pessimism may shape cardiovascular health of older adults; and we argue these psychosocial factors should be researched as separate constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Ryan
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alice Owen
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Danijela Gasevic
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Association Between Optimism and Negative Emotional Eating in Caribbean Latinx Adults in the Northeast US. Int J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s12529-022-10121-6. [PMID: 36042127 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative emotional eating (EE) is associated with unfavorable behavioral and health outcomes. Understanding its association with positive factors, such as optimism, may shed light into novel interventions. We examined the association between optimism and negative EE in US Caribbean Latinx adults, a population disproportionately exposed to adversity. METHOD This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Latino Health and Well-being Study (21-84 years; n = 579). Optimism was measured with the Life Orientation Test-Revised version. EE was measured with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire R18-V2. Adjusted Poisson models with robust error variance estimated prevalence ratios (PR). RESULTS The proportion of individuals reporting high EE was greater in the low (39.0%) and moderate (36.8%) optimism groups than that in the high optimism group (24.8%; p = 0.011). Individuals with high optimism (vs. low) were less likely to report high EE over no EE (PR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.53-0.88). CONCLUSION High optimism was negatively associated with high EE. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and test interventions promoting optimism for preventing negative EE in US Caribbean Latinx adults.
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Farhane-Medina NZ, Castillo-Mayén R, Luque B, Rubio SJ, Gutiérrez-Domingo T, Cuadrado E, Arenas A, Tabernero C. A Brief mHealth-Based Psychological Intervention in Emotion Regulation to Promote Positive Subjective Well-Being in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091640. [PMID: 36141252 PMCID: PMC9498759 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emotional impact that a cardiovascular disease may have on a person’s life can affect the prognosis and comorbidity of the disease. Therefore, emotion regulation is most important for the management of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a brief mHealth psychological intervention in emotion regulation to promote positive subjective well-being in cardiovascular disease patients. The study sample (N = 69, 63.7 ± 11.5 years) was allocated to either the experimental group (n = 34) or control group (n = 35). The intervention consisted of a psychoeducational session in emotion regulation and an mHealth-based intervention for 2 weeks. Positive subjective well-being as a primary outcome and self-efficacy to manage the disease as a secondary outcome were assessed at five time points evaluated over a period of 6 weeks. The experimental group showed higher improvement in positive subjective well-being and self-efficacy for managing the disease compared to the control group over time. The experimental group also improved after the intervention on all outcome measures. Brief mHealth interventions in emotion regulation might be effective for improving positive subjective well-being and self-efficacy to manage the disease in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Z. Farhane-Medina
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Castillo-Mayén
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957-21-89-61
| | - Sebastián J. Rubio
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Didactics of Experimental Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Tamara Gutiérrez-Domingo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alicia Arenas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Seville, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Tabernero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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36
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Lee LO, Grodstein F, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, James P, Okuzono SS, Koga HK, Schwartz J, Spiro A, Mroczek DK, Kubzansky LD. Optimism, Daily Stressors, and Emotional Well-Being Over Two Decades in a Cohort of Aging Men. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1373-1383. [PMID: 35255123 PMCID: PMC9371455 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence supports optimism as a health asset, yet how optimism influences well-being and health remains uncertain. We evaluated 1 potential pathway-the association of optimism with daily stress processes-and tested 2 hypotheses. The stressor exposure hypothesis posits that optimism would preserve emotional well-being by limiting exposure to daily stressors. The buffering hypothesis posits that higher optimism would be associated with lower emotional reactivity to daily stressors and more effective emotional recovery from them. METHODS Participants were 233 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Revised Optimism-Pessimism scale in 1986/1991 and participated in up to three 8-day daily diary bursts in 2002-2010 (age at first burst: M = 76.7, SD = 6.5). Daily stressor occurrence, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were assessed nightly. We evaluated the hypotheses using multilevel structural equation models. RESULTS Optimism was unrelated to emotional reactivity to or recovery from daily stressors. Higher optimism was associated with higher average daily PA (B = 2.31, 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 1.24, 3.38) but not NA, independent of stressor exposure. Lower stressor exposure mediated the association of higher optimism with lower daily NA (indirect effect: B = -0.27, 95% BCI: -0.50, -0.09), supporting the stressor exposure hypothesis. DISCUSSION Findings from a sample of older men suggest that optimism may be associated with more favorable emotional well-being in later life through differences in stressor exposure rather than emotional stress response. Optimism may preserve emotional well-being among older adults by engaging emotion regulation strategies that occur relatively early in the emotion-generative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewina O Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sakurako S Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hayami K Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Okuzono SS, Shiba K, Lee HH, Shirai K, Koga HK, Kondo N, Fujiwara T, Kondo K, Grodstein F, Kubzansky LD, Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Optimism and Longevity Among Japanese Older Adults. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:2581-2595. [PMID: 36919080 PMCID: PMC10010677 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimism has been linked to better physical health across various outcomes, including greater longevity. However, most evidence is from Western populations, leaving it unclear whether these relationships may generalize to other cultural backgrounds. Using secondary data analysis, we evaluated the associations of optimism among older Japanese adults. METHODS Data were from a nationwide cohort study of Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years (Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study; n = 10,472). In 2010, optimism and relevant covariates (i.e., sociodemographic factors, physical health conditions, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors) were self-reported. Optimism was measured using the Japanese version of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Lifespan was determined using mortality information from the public long-term care insurance database through 2017 (7-year follow-up). Accelerated failure time models examined optimism (quintiles or standardized continuous scores) in relation to percent differences in lifespan. Potential effect modification by gender, income, and education was also investigated. RESULTS Overall, 733 individuals (7%) died during the follow-up period. Neither continuous nor categorical levels of optimism were associated with lifespan after progressive adjustment for covariates (e.g., in fully-adjusted models: percent differences in lifespan per 1-SD increase in continuous optimism scores= -1.2%, 95%CI: -3.4, 1.1 higher versus lower optimism quintiles= -4.1%, 95%CI: -11.2, 3.6). The association between optimism and lifespan was null across all sociodemographic strata as well. CONCLUSION Contrary to the existing evidence from Western populations, optimism was unrelated to longevity among Japanese older adults. The association between optimism, as evaluated by the LOT-R, and longevity may differ across cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako S. Okuzono
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, MA, USA
| | - Harold H. Lee
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hayami K. Koga
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fran Grodstein
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA
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Oh J, Purol MF, Weidmann R, Chopik WJ, Kim ES, Baranski E, Schwaba T, Lodi-Smith J, Whitbourne SK. Health and well-being consequences of optimism across 25 years in the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Natt Och Dag Y, Engström G, Rosvall M. Cross-sectional associations of optimism with artery calcification and function: The SCAPIS study. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221110021. [PMID: 36185414 PMCID: PMC9523866 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increasing amount of research indicates that positive psychological factors, such as optimism, might be beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, most studies have focused on cardiovascular events. The present study aimed to investigate associations between optimism and subclinical outcomes related to cardiovascular health. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from SCAPIS Malmö, Sweden, including 6251 randomly selected men and women from the Malmö municipality area, aged 50 to 64 years. Optimism was assessed via the LOT-R questionnaire, but also by using the two subscales of LOT-R, assessing optimism and pessimism separately. Arterial health was assessed as the coronary artery calcium score, ankle-brachial index, and aortic augmentation index. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using the SCORE instrument. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic factors, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Those who were most optimistic had lower odds of coronary artery calcification, with an odds ratio of 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.58, 0.93), compared to those who were least optimistic. Also, higher levels of optimism were associated with a general pattern of lower aortic augmentation index, and with higher ankle-brachial index on both left and right side. For coronary artery calcification associations seemed to be mediated primarily through an absence of pessimism. The associations were reduced after adjustments, but persisted for measures of arterial function. Conclusions: The results indicate that optimism might be health protective with regard to arterial function, but with regard to coronary artery calcification it was rather the absence of pessimism that was of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Natt Och Dag
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosvall
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Social Medicine, Primary Health Care, Regionhälsan, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Qureshi F, Stampfer M, Kubzansky LD, Trudel-Fitzgerald C. Prospective associations between coffee consumption and psychological well-being. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267500. [PMID: 35679227 PMCID: PMC9182697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prior work indicates a robust relationship between coffee consumption and lower depression risk, yet no research has examined links with psychological well-being (e.g., happiness, optimism). This study tested whether coffee intake is prospectively associated with greater psychological well-being over time. Secondarily, associations in the reverse direction were also examined to determine whether initial levels of psychological well-being were related to subsequent coffee consumption. Methods Among women in the Nurses’ Health Study, coffee consumption was examined in 1990 and 2002 in relation to sustained levels of happiness reported across multiple assessments from 1992–2000 (N = 44,449) and sustained levels of optimism assessed from 2004–2012 (N = 36,729). Associations were tested using generalized estimating equations with a Poisson distribution adjusted for various relevant covariates. Bidirectional relationships were evaluated in secondary analyses of baseline happiness (1992) and optimism (2004) with sustained moderate coffee consumption across multiple assessments through 2010. Results Compared to minimal coffee consumption levels (<1 cup/day), moderate consumption (1–3 cups/day) was unrelated to happiness, whereas heavy consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of sustained happiness (relative risk, RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Only moderate coffee consumption was weakly associated with a greater likelihood of sustained optimism (RR1-3cups/day = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00–1.06). Secondary analyses showed high levels of optimism but not happiness levels were modestly associated with increased likelihood of sustained moderate coffee intake (RRoptimism = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10; RRhappiness = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99–1.04). Conclusions Associations between psychological well-being and coffee consumption over up to two decades were largely null or weak. Although coffee consumption may protect individuals against depression over time, it may have limited impact on facets of psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Amonoo HL, El-Jawahri A, Deary EC, Traeger LN, Cutler CS, Antin JA, Huffman JC, Lee SJ. Yin and Yang of Psychological Health in the Cancer Experience: Does Positive Psychology Have a Role? J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2402-2407. [PMID: 35377731 PMCID: PMC9467675 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hermioni L Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emma C Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lara N Traeger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Corey S Cutler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph A Antin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Vargas EA, Chirinos DA, Wong M, Carnethon MR, Carroll AJ, Kiefe CI, Carson AP, Kershaw KN. Psychosocial profiles and longitudinal achievement of optimal cardiovascular risk factor levels: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. J Behav Med 2022; 45:172-185. [PMID: 34671896 PMCID: PMC10083095 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors are associated with the achievement of optimal cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) levels. To date, little research has examined multiple psychosocial factors simultaneously to identify distinguishing psychosocial profiles among individuals with CVDRF. Further, it is unknown whether profiles are associated with achievement of CVDRF levels longitudinally. Therefore, we characterized psychosocial profiles of individuals with CVDRF and assessed whether they are associated with achievement of optimal CVDRF levels over 15 years. We included 1148 CARDIA participants with prevalent hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and/or diabetes mellitus in 2000-2001. Eleven psychosocial variables reflecting psychological health, personality traits, and social factors were included. Optimal levels were deemed achieved if: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0%, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol < 100 mg/dl, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg. Latent profile analysis revealed three psychosocial profile groups "Healthy", "Distressed and Disadvantaged" and "Discriminated Against". There were no significant differences in achievement of CVDRF levels of the 3 targets combined across profiles. Participants in the "Distressed and Disadvantaged" profile were less likely to meet optimal HbA1c levels compared to individuals in the "Healthy" profile after demographic adjustment. Associations were attenuated after full covariate adjustment. Distinct psychosocial profiles exist among individuals with CVDRF, representing meaningful differences. Implications for CVDRF management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Vargas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Diana A Chirinos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catarina I Kiefe
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Services, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - April P Carson
- Departments of Medicine and Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Qureshi F, Soo J, Chen Y, Roy B, Lloyd-Jones DM, Kubzansky LD, Boehm JK. Optimism and Lipid Profiles in Midlife: A 15-Year Study of Black and White Adults. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e169-e177. [PMID: 35067361 PMCID: PMC8863618 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimism is associated with better cardiovascular health, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms and whether protective relationships are consistently observed across diverse groups. This study examines optimism's association with lipid profiles over time and separately among Black and White men and women. METHODS Data were from 3,206 middle-aged adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Optimism was measured in 2000-2001 using the Revised Life Orientation Test. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements were obtained at 5-year intervals through 2015-2016. Linear mixed models evaluated relationships between optimism and lipids, adjusting for covariates, including prebaseline lipids. Subgroup differences were examined using interaction terms and stratification. All analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS Higher optimism was associated with both lower baseline total cholesterol (β= -2.33, 95% CI= -4.31, -0.36) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β= -1.93, 95% CI= -3.65, -0.21) and a more rapid incremental increase in both markers over time (total cholesterol: β=0.09, 95% CI=0.00, 0.18; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: β=0.09, 95% CI=0.01, 0.16). No associations were apparent with baseline triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or changes in either lipid over time. Tests for interaction only found evidence of heterogeneous associations with baseline triglyceride levels, but stratified models hinted at stronger protective associations with baseline levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among White women. CONCLUSIONS Optimism may help diverse individuals establish healthy total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels before midlife. Although associations were largely consistent across subgroups, stronger associations among White men and White women highlight a need to study optimism's health impact in diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jackie Soo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brita Roy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California
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44
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Defining the importance of stress reduction in managing cardiovascular disease - the role of exercise. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 70:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Carrillo A, Feig EH, Harnedy LE, Huffman JC, Park ER, Thorndike AN, Kim S, Millstein RA. The role of positive psychological constructs in diet and eating behavior among people with metabolic syndrome: A qualitative study. Health Psychol Open 2022; 9:20551029211055264. [PMID: 35024156 PMCID: PMC8744179 DOI: 10.1177/20551029211055264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive Psychological (PP) constructs (e.g., optimism and gratitude) may impact the adherence to healthy behaviors, including diet, though prior studies have shown mixed findings. This qualitative study explored the relationships between PP constructs and dietary behaviors among 21 adults with metabolic syndrome through semi-structured interviews. Directed content analysis led to five themes: eating healthfully leads to PP constructs, PP constructs lead to eating healthfully, eating healthfully prevents negative emotions, healthy behaviors associated with diet, and an upward healthy spiral. Given the close relationship between PP constructs and diet, these may be targeted to improve diet in risk populations through interventions that promote well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Carrillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily H Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elyse R Park
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne N Thorndike
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine,
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Millstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Rachel A. Millstein, Department of Psychiatry,
Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Longfellow Place, Suite 215, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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46
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Liu Y, Pettersson E, Schandl A, Markar S, Johar A, Lagergren P. Dispositional optimism and all-cause mortality after esophageal cancer surgery: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:9461-9469. [PMID: 35953730 PMCID: PMC9371627 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between dispositional optimism and all-cause mortality after esophageal cancer surgery and whether pathological tumor stage and the COVID-19 pandemic modified this association. METHODS This nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study included 335 patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019. Dispositional optimism was measured 1 year post-surgery using Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). A higher LOT-R sum score represents higher dispositional optimism. Mortality information was obtained from the Swedish Register of the Total Population. All patients were followed up until death or until December 31, 2020, whichever occurred first. Cox regression with adjustments for confounders was used. RESULTS The median follow-up was 20.8 months, during which 125 (37.3%) patients died. Among the included 335 patients, 219 (65.4%) patients had tumor pathologically staged Tis-II, and 300 (89.6%) patients entered the cohort before the COVID-19 pandemic. Both tumor stage and the COVID-19 pandemic were effect modifiers. For each unit increase in LOT-R sum score, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased by 11% (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.98) among patients with tumor staged Tis-II before the COVID-19 pandemic. This association was non-significant in patients with tumor staged III-IV (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.07) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.25). CONCLUSION Assessing dispositional optimism may help predict postoperative survival, especially for patients with early and intermediate esophageal cancer. Increasing dispositional optimism might be a potential intervention target to improve survival after esophageal cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjun Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius väg 13a, Level 4, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Schandl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius väg 13a, Level 4, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheraz Markar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius väg 13a, Level 4, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Asif Johar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius väg 13a, Level 4, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius väg 13a, Level 4, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Ghulam A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Gialluisi A, Santonastaso F, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L. Association of Psychological Resilience with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a General Population in Italy: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:222. [PMID: 35010483 PMCID: PMC8750664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience (PR) is the capacity to adapt positively in face of adversity. Its role as an independent protective factor has been acknowledged in recent years. We aimed to test the association of PR with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a general adult population. We performed longitudinal analyses on 10,406 CVD-free individuals from the Moli-Sani cohort (follow up = 11.2 year). PR was assessed by the 25-item Connor and Davidson resilience scale. PR factors were identified through polychoric factor analysis. Associations with mortality were tested using multivariable Cox regressions. Higher levels of PR were associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a model including sex and age (HR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.62-1.00). The association decreased after inclusion of socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors into the model (HR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.62-1.03). No relation was observed with cardiovascular mortality in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.56-1.39). An inverse association of Factor 1 (reflecting positive acceptance of change) with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.82-0.98; p value = 0.01) was found. However, at a borderline non-significant way, PR predicts all-cause mortality in a general population of Italian adults. This is supported by the findings demonstrating a significant association between the PR's domain reflecting a positive acceptance of change and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwal Ghulam
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Federica Santonastaso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
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Park JW, Dulin AJ, Needham BL, Sims M, Loucks EB, Fava JL, Dionne LA, Scarpaci MM, Eaton CB, Howe CJ. Examining Optimism, Psychosocial Risks, and Cardiovascular Health Using Life's Simple 7 Metrics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Jackson Heart Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:788194. [PMID: 34977194 PMCID: PMC8714850 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimism has been shown to be positively associated with better cardiovascular health (CVH). However, there is a dearth of prospective studies showing the benefits of optimism on CVH, especially in the presence of adversities, i.e., psychosocial risks. This study examines the prospective relationship between optimism and CVH outcomes based on the Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics and whether multilevel psychosocial risks modify the aforementioned relationship. Methods: We examined self-reported optimism and CVH using harmonized data from two U.S. cohorts: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relationship between optimism and CVH using LS7 among MESA participants (N = 3,520) and to examine the relationship of interest based on four biological LS7 metrics (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose) among JHS and MESA participants (N = 5,541). For all CVH outcomes, we assessed for effect measure modification by psychosocial risk. Results: Among MESA participants, the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for ideal or intermediate CVH using LS7 comparing participants who reported high or medium optimism to those with the lowest level of optimism was 1.10 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04-1.16] and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99-1.11), respectively. Among MESA and JHS participants, the corresponding aRRs for having all ideal or intermediate (vs. no poor) metrics based on the four biological LS7 metrics were 1.05 (0.98-1.12) and 1.04 (0.97-1.11), respectively. The corresponding aRRs for having lower cardiovascular risk (0-1 poor metrics) based on the four biological LS7 metrics were 1.01 (0.98-1.03) and 1.01 (0.98-1.03), respectively. There was some evidence of effect modification by neighborhood deprivation for the LS7 outcome and by chronic stress for the ideal or intermediate (no poor) metrics outcome based on the four biological LS7 metrics. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that greater optimism is positively associated with better CVH based on certain LS7 outcomes among a racially/ethnically diverse study population. This relationship may be effect measure modified by specific psychosocial risks. Optimism shows further promise as a potential area for intervention on CVH. However, additional prospective and intervention studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Park
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Akilah J. Dulin
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph L. Fava
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Laura A. Dionne
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew M. Scarpaci
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chanelle J. Howe
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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49
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Rogowska AM, Nowak PF, Kwaśnicka A. Healthy Behavior as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Health Sciences Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1877-1888. [PMID: 34853542 PMCID: PMC8627888 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s335187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examines the indirect relationship between optimism and life satisfaction via healthy behavior among health sciences students. Participants and Methods The cross-sectional study involved 349 health sciences students, including 58% of women, ranging in age between 19 and 30 years (M = 22.15, SD = 1.83). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure dispositional optimism (the Life Orientation Test-Revised, LOT-R), life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS), and health behaviors (Health Behavior Inventory, HBI), with four subscales: healthy diet (HD), preventive behavior (PB), positive mental attitudes (PMA), and healthy practices (HP). In addition, a single mediation model (with the total HBI as mediator) was compared with a parallel mediation model (with four subscales of the HBI). Gender was controlled as a confounding variable. Results Women scored higher in the total HBI (p < 0.01), HD (p < 0.001) and PB (p < 0.01) than men, while men scored slightly higher in dispositional optimism (p < 0.01). General health behavior (total HBI) completely mediates the relationship between dispositional optimism and life satisfaction, R2 = 0.32. In the parallel model, only PMA was determined as a mediator of the association between dispositional optimism and satisfaction with life, R2 = 0.36. The single mediation model showed perfect fit (X2/df = 0.00, RMSEA = 0.00, SRMR = 0.00, CFI = 1.00, IFI = 1.00, NFI = 1.00), better than the parallel mediation model (X2/df = 2.353, p = 0.095, RMSEA = 0.062, SRMR = 0.020, CFI = 0.995, IFI = 995, NFI = 991). Conclusion The interplay mechanism between personal resources and behavioral health-related habits may explain 32% of life satisfaction variance. The intervention focused on increasing optimistic expectancies and health behaviors should be implemented in universities to increase students’ well-being and prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł F Nowak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
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50
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Adorni R, Zanatta F, D’Addario M, Atella F, Costantino E, Iaderosa C, Petarle G, Steca P. Health-Related Lifestyle Profiles in Healthy Adults: Associations with Sociodemographic Indicators, Dispositional Optimism, and Sense of Coherence. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113778. [PMID: 34836035 PMCID: PMC8624048 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Promoting healthy behaviors throughout life is an essential prevention tool. This study investigated the associations among lifestyle profiles (including diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and cardiovascular screening), sociodemographic factors (gender, age, education, and family history of CVDs), and psychological factors (sense of coherence and dispositional optimism). In total, 676 healthy adults (mean age = 35 years; range = 19-57; 46% male) participated in an online survey. Lifestyle profiles were identified through cluster analysis, and a multinomial logistic regression was then performed to explore their association with sociodemographic and psychological variables. Results show that men were more likely than women to belong to the lifestyle profile with the highest amount of physical activity (OR = 2.40; p < 0.001) and the greatest attention to cardiovascular screening (OR = 2.09; p < 0.01). Lower dispositional optimism was associated with the profile paying the greatest attention to cardiovascular screening (OR = 0.67; p < 0.05). Sense of coherence, in terms of lower comprehensibility (OR = 0.67; p < 0.05) and higher manageability (OR = 1.43; p < 0.05), was associated with the lifestyle profile characterized by an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and nonsmoking. This study shed light on factors associated with different co-occurring health-related behaviors that should be considered in planning effective communication strategies promoting adherence to health claims.
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