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Li G, Huang H, Wu Y, Shu C, Hwang N, Li Q, Zhao R, Lam HC, Oldham WM, Ei-Chemaly S, Agrawal PB, Tian J, Liu X, Perrella MA. Striated preferentially expressed gene deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in developing cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:151-168. [PMID: 38145999 PMCID: PMC10837246 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
A deficiency of striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg), a member of the myosin light chain kinase family, results in abnormal myofibril structure and function of immature cardiomyocytes (CMs), corresponding with a dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and perinatal death. Mitochondrial development plays a role in cardiomyocyte maturation. Therefore, this study investigated whether Speg deficiency ( - / - ) in CMs would result in mitochondrial abnormalities. Speg wild-type and Speg-/- C57BL/6 littermate mice were utilized for assessment of mitochondrial structure by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Speg was expressed in the first and second heart fields at embryonic (E) day 7.5, prior to the expression of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) at E8.5. Decreases in NCLX expression (E11.5) and the mitochondrial-to-nuclear DNA ratio (E13.5) were observed in Speg-/- hearts. Imaging of E18.5 Speg-/- hearts revealed abnormal mitochondrial cristae, corresponding with decreased ATP production in cells fed glucose or palmitate, increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, phosphorylated (p) PGC-1α, a key mediator of mitochondrial development, was significantly reduced in Speg-/- hearts during screening for targeted genes. Besides Z-line expression, Speg partially co-localized with PGC-1α in the sarcomeric region and was found in the same complex by co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of a Speg internal serine/threonine kinase domain in Speg-/- CMs promoted translocation of pPGC-1α into the nucleus, and restored ATP production that was abolished by siRNA-mediated silencing of PGC-1α. Our results demonstrate a critical role of Speg in mitochondrial development and energy metabolism in CMs, mediated in part by phosphorylation of PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rose Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Souheil Ei-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Jackson Health System, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, and Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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2
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Li Q, Lin J, Widrick JJ, Luo S, Li G, Zhang Y, Laporte J, Perrella MA, Liu X, Agrawal PB. Dynamin-2 reduction rescues the skeletal myopathy of SPEG-deficient mouse model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157336. [PMID: 35763354 PMCID: PMC9462472 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a myosin light chain kinase, is mutated in centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and/or dilated cardiomyopathy. No precise therapies are available for this disorder, and gene replacement therapy is not a feasible option due to the large size of SPEG. We evaluated the potential of dynamin-2 (DNM2) reduction as a potential therapeutic strategy because it has been shown to revert muscle phenotypes in mouse models of CNM caused by MTM1, DNM2, and BIN1 mutations. We determined that SPEG-β interacted with DNM2, and SPEG deficiency caused an increase in DNM2 levels. The DNM2 reduction strategy in Speg-KO mice was associated with an increase in life span, body weight, and motor performance. Additionally, it normalized the distribution of triadic proteins, triad ultrastructure, and triad number and restored phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate levels in SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles. Although DNM2 reduction rescued the myopathy phenotype, it did not improve cardiac dysfunction, indicating a differential tissue-specific function. Combining DNM2 reduction with other strategies may be needed to target both the cardiac and skeletal defects associated with SPEG deficiency. DNM2 reduction should be explored as a therapeutic strategy against other genetic myopathies (and dystrophies) associated with a high level of DNM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Gu Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Yuanfan Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | | | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States of America
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3
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Dilated-Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy in a Pediatric Case with SPEG Compound Heterozygous Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095205. [PMID: 35563595 PMCID: PMC9102709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Left Ventricular Non-Compaction (LVNC) is defined by the triad prominent myocardial trabecular meshwork, thin compacted layer, and deep intertrabecular recesses. LVNC associated with dilation is characterized by the coexistence of left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. Pediatric cases with dilated-LVNC have worse outcomes than those with isolated dilated cardiomyopathy and adult patients. Herein, we report a clinical and genetic investigation using trio-based whole-exome sequencing of a pediatric case with early-onset dilated-LVNC. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the Striated Muscle Enriched Protein Kinase (SPEG) gene, a key regulator of cardiac calcium homeostasis. A paternally inherited mutation: SPEG; p.(Arg2470Ser) and the second variant, SPEG; p.(Pro2687Thr), is common and occurred de novo. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was performed for the family in order to segregate the variants. Thus, the index case, his father, and both sisters carried the SPEG: p.(Arg2470Ser) variant. Only the index patient carried both SPEG variants. Both sisters, as well as the patient’s father, showed LVNC without cardiac dysfunction. The unaffected mother did not harbor any of the variants. The in silico analysis of the identified variants (rare and common) showed a decrease in protein stability with alterations of the physical properties as well as high conservation scores for the mutated residues. Interestingly, using the Project HOPE tool, the SPEG; p.(Pro2687Thr) variant is predicted to disturb the second fibronectin type III domain of the protein and may abolish its function. To our knowledge, the present case is the first description of compound heterozygous SPEG mutations involving a de novo variant and causing dilated-LVNC without neuropathy or centronuclear myopathy.
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4
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Espinosa KG, Geissah S, Groom L, Volpatti J, Scott IC, Dirksen RT, Zhao M, Dowling JJ. Characterization of a novel zebrafish model of SPEG-related centronuclear myopathy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275324. [PMID: 35293586 PMCID: PMC9118044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a congenital neuromuscular disorder caused by pathogenic variation in genes associated with membrane trafficking and excitation–contraction coupling (ECC). Bi-allelic autosomal-recessive mutations in striated muscle enriched protein kinase (SPEG) account for a subset of CNM patients. Previous research has been limited by the perinatal lethality of constitutive Speg knockout mice. Thus, the precise biological role of SPEG in developing skeletal muscle remains unknown. To address this issue, we generated zebrafish spega, spegb and spega;spegb (speg-DKO) mutant lines. We demonstrated that speg-DKO zebrafish faithfully recapitulate multiple phenotypes associated with CNM, including disruption of the ECC machinery, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis during ECC and impairment of muscle performance. Taking advantage of zebrafish models of multiple CNM genetic subtypes, we compared novel and known disease markers in speg-DKO with mtm1-KO and DNM2-S619L transgenic zebrafish. We observed Desmin accumulation common to all CNM subtypes, and Dnm2 upregulation in muscle of both speg-DKO and mtm1-KO zebrafish. In all, we establish a new model of SPEG-related CNM, and identify abnormalities in this model suitable for defining disease pathomechanisms and evaluating potential therapies. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: We created a novel zebrafish Speg mutant model of centronuclear myopathy that recapitulates key features of the human disorder and provides insight into pathomechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G Espinosa
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Salma Geissah
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Linda Groom
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jonathan Volpatti
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program for Development and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Centre, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mo Zhao
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4386, 1 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Room 1436D, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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5
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Gurgel-Giannetti J, Souza LS, Messina de Pádua Andrade GF, Derlene MDF, Meira ZMA, Azevedo BVM, Jr WC, Diniz SSL, Carvalhais MB, Oliveira JRS, Uliana L, Bráulio R, Costa PHN, Filho GB, Vainzof M. A Novel SPEG mutation causing congenital myopathy with fiber size disproportion and dilated cardiomyopathy with heart transplantation. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:1199-1206. [PMID: 34742623 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of conditions diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, muscle histopathology and genetic defects. Recessive mutations in the SPEG gene have been described in recent years and are primarily associated with centronuclear myopathy with cardiomyopathy. In this report, we describe two Brazilian siblings, aged 13 and 6 years, with a novel homozygous mutation (c.8872 C>T:p.Arg2958Ter) in the SPEG gene leading to a congenital myopathy. In the older sibling, the muscle biopsy showed fiber size disproportion. The mean diameter of type 2 fibers (119 µm) was significantly higher than type 1 (57 µm) (P < 0,001) with a 72% prevalence of type 1 fibers. The patient also had progressive cardiomyopathy treated with heart transplantation. The present report expands the muscle histopathological findings related to mutations in the SPEG gene, including fiber size disproportion without central nuclei. Additionally, this report describes the first case of heart transplantation in a patient with SPEG mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gurgel-Giannetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Neuropediatrics from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Rua Herculano de Freitas, 905 apt 1302 Bairro Gutierrez, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Santos Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center from University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Derlene
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Pediatric Cardiology from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zilda Maria Alves Meira
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Pediatric Cardiology from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vilela Morais Azevedo
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Neuropediatrics from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Rua Herculano de Freitas, 905 apt 1302 Bairro Gutierrez, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Wilson Campos Jr
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Mater Dei Contorno, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Stephanie Lana Diniz
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Neuropediatrics from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Rua Herculano de Freitas, 905 apt 1302 Bairro Gutierrez, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Belisario Carvalhais
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Neuropediatrics from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Rua Herculano de Freitas, 905 apt 1302 Bairro Gutierrez, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Uliana
- Department of Pediatrics, Service of Neuropediatrics from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil Rua Herculano de Freitas, 905 apt 1302 Bairro Gutierrez, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Bráulio
- Department of Clinics, Service of cardiology and cardiovascular Surgery from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Nogueira Costa
- Department of Clinics, Service of cardiology and cardiovascular Surgery from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Mariz Vainzof
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center from University of São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Striated Preferentially Expressed Protein Kinase (SPEG) in Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115732. [PMID: 34072258 PMCID: PMC8199188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in striated preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), a member of the myosin light chain kinase protein family, are associated with centronuclear myopathy (CNM), cardiomyopathy, or a combination of both. Burgeoning evidence suggests that SPEG plays critical roles in the development, maintenance, and function of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Here we review the genotype-phenotype relationships and the molecular mechanisms of SPEG-related diseases. This review will focus on the progress made toward characterizing SPEG and its interacting partners, and its multifaceted functions in muscle regeneration, triad development and maintenance, and excitation-contraction coupling. We will also discuss future directions that are yet to be investigated including understanding of its tissue-specific roles, finding additional interacting proteins and their relationships. Understanding the basic mechanisms by which SPEG regulates muscle development and function will provide critical insights into these essential processes and help identify therapeutic targets in SPEG-related disorders.
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7
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Fleming JR, Rani A, Kraft J, Zenker S, Börgeson E, Lange S. Exploring Obscurin and SPEG Kinase Biology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050984. [PMID: 33801198 PMCID: PMC7957886 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three members of the obscurin protein family that contain tandem kinase domains with important signaling functions for cardiac and striated muscles are the giant protein obscurin, its obscurin-associated kinase splice isoform, and the striated muscle enriched protein kinase (SPEG). While there is increasing evidence for the specific roles that each individual kinase domain plays in cross-striated muscles, their biology and regulation remains enigmatic. Our present study focuses on kinase domain 1 and the adjacent low sequence complexity inter-kinase domain linker in obscurin and SPEG. Using Phos-tag gels, we show that the linker in obscurin contains several phosphorylation sites, while the same region in SPEG remained unphosphorylated. Our homology modeling, mutational analysis and molecular docking demonstrate that kinase 1 in obscurin harbors all key amino acids important for its catalytic function and that actions of this domain result in autophosphorylation of the protein. Our bioinformatics analyses also assign a list of putative substrates for kinase domain 1 in obscurin and SPEG, based on the known and our newly proposed phosphorylation sites in muscle proteins, including obscurin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Fleming
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.R.F.); (E.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory and Wallenberg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Jamie Kraft
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory and Wallenberg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanja Zenker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Emma Börgeson
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory and Wallenberg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (J.R.F.); (E.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephan Lange
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, The Wallenberg Laboratory and Wallenberg, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.R.F.); (E.B.); (S.L.)
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8
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Hu J, Li C, Wang S, Li T, Zhang H. Genetic variants are identified to increase risk of COVID-19 related mortality from UK Biobank data. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:10. [PMID: 33536081 PMCID: PMC7856608 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly heterogeneous. Studies have reported that males and some ethnic groups are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, which implies that individual risk of death might be influenced by host genetic factors. METHODS In this project, we consider the mortality as the trait of interest and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of data for 1778 infected cases (445 deaths, 25.03%) distributed by the UK Biobank. Traditional GWAS fails to identify any genome-wide significant genetic variants from this dataset. To enhance the power of GWAS and account for possible multi-loci interactions, we adopt the concept of super variant for the detection of genetic factors. A discovery-validation procedure is used for verifying the potential associations. RESULTS We find 8 super variants that are consistently identified across multiple replications as susceptibility loci for COVID-19 mortality. The identified risk factors on chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, and 17 contain genetic variants and genes related to cilia dysfunctions (DNAH7 and CLUAP1), cardiovascular diseases (DES and SPEG), thromboembolic disease (STXBP5), mitochondrial dysfunctions (TOMM7), and innate immune system (WSB1). It is noteworthy that DNAH7 has been reported recently as the most downregulated gene after infecting human bronchial epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS Eight genetic variants are identified to significantly increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality among the patients with white British ancestry. These findings may provide timely clues and potential directions for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the genetic basis of heterogeneous susceptibility, with potential impact on new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, 300 George Street, Ste 523, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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9
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Hu J, Li C, Wang S, Li T, Zhang H. Genetic variants are identified to increase risk of COVID-19 related mortality from UK Biobank data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.11.05.20226761. [PMID: 33200144 PMCID: PMC7668757 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.05.20226761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly heterogenous. Studies have reported that males and some ethnic groups are at increased risk of death from COVID-19, which implies that individual risk of death might be influenced by host genetic factors. Methods In this project, we consider the mortality as the trait of interest and perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of data for 1,778 infected cases (445 deaths, 25.03%) distributed by the UK Biobank. Traditional GWAS failed to identify any genome-wide significant genetic variants from this dataset. To enhance the power of GWAS and account for possible multi-loci interactions, we adopt the concept of super-variant for the detection of genetic factors. A discovery-validation procedure is used for verifying the potential associations. Results We find 8 super-variants that are consistently identified across multiple replications as susceptibility loci for COVID-19 mortality. The identified risk factors on Chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16, and 17 contain genetic variants and genes related to cilia dysfunctions (DNAH7 and CLUAP1), cardiovascular diseases (DES and SPEG), thromboembolic disease (STXBP5), mitochondrial dysfunctions (TOMM7), and innate immune system (WSB1). It is noteworthy that DNAH7 has been reported recently as the most downregulated gene after infecting human bronchial epithelial cells with SARS-CoV2. Conclusions Eight genetic variants are identified to significantly increase risk of COVID-19 mortality among the patients with white British ancestry. These findings may provide timely evidence and clues for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19 and genetic basis of heterogeneous susceptibility, with potential impact on new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ting Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University
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10
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Campbell H, Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Quick AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT. SPEG: a key regulator of cardiac calcium homeostasis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:2175-2185. [PMID: 33067609 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis is essential for normal excitation-contraction coupling. Perturbations in cardiac Ca2+ handling through altered kinase activity has been implicated in altered cardiac contractility and arrhythmogenesis. Thus, a better understanding of cardiac Ca2+ handling regulation is vital for a better understanding of various human disease processes. 'Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase' (SPEG) is a member of the myosin light chain kinase family that is key for normal cardiac function. Work within the last 5 years has revealed that SPEG has a crucial role in maintaining normal cardiac Ca2+ handling through maintenance of transverse tubule formation and phosphorylation of junctional membrane complex proteins. Additionally, SPEG has been causally impacted in human genetic diseases such as centronuclear myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as in common acquired cardiovascular disease such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Given the rapidly emerging role of SPEG as a key cardiac Ca2+ regulator, we here present this review in order to summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms of SPEG regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in both physiology and human disease. A better understanding of the roles of SPEG will be important for a more complete comprehension of cardiac Ca2+ regulation in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Campbell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ann P Quick
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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A Novel Recessive Mutation in SPEG Causes Early Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009000. [PMID: 32925938 PMCID: PMC7571691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. It has been estimated that up to half of DCM cases are hereditary. Mutations in more than 50 genes, primarily autosomal dominant, have been reported. Although rare, recessive mutations are thought to contribute considerably to DCM, especially in young children. Here we identified a novel recessive mutation in the striated muscle enriched protein kinase (SPEG, p. E1680K) gene in a family with nonsyndromic, early onset DCM. To ascertain the pathogenicity of this mutation, we generated SPEG E1680K homozygous mutant human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Functional studies in mutant iPSC-CMs showed aberrant calcium homeostasis, impaired contractility, and sarcomeric disorganization, recapitulating the hallmarks of DCM. By combining genetic analysis with human iPSCs, genome editing, and functional assays, we identified SPEG E1680K as a novel mutation associated with early onset DCM and provide evidence for its pathogenicity in vitro. Our study provides a conceptual paradigm for establishing genotype-phenotype associations in DCM with autosomal recessive inheritance.
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12
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Li Q, Lin J, Rosen SM, Zhang T, Kazerounian S, Luo S, Agrawal PB. Striated Preferentially Expressed Protein Kinase (SPEG)-Deficient Skeletal Muscles Display Fewer Satellite Cells with Reduced Proliferation and Delayed Differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2453-2463. [PMID: 32919980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are a subtype of congenital myopathies characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and an increase in the number of central myonuclei. SPEG (striated preferentially expressed protein kinase) has been identified as the sixth gene associated with CNM, and it has been shown that striated muscle-specific Speg-knockout (KO) mice have defective triad formation, abnormal excitation-contraction coupling, and calcium mishandling. The impact of SPEG deficiency on the survival and function of myogenic cells remains to be deciphered. In this study, the authors examined the overall population, proliferation, and differentiation of myogenic cells obtained from striated muscle-specific Speg-KO mice and compared them with wild-type (WT) controls. SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles contained fewer myogenic cells, which on further study demonstrated reduced proliferation and delayed differentiation compared with those from WT muscles. Regenerative response to skeletal muscle injury in Speg-KO mice was compared with that of WT mice, leading to the identification of similar abnormalities including fewer satellite cells, fewer dividing cells, and an increase in apoptotic cells in KO mice. Overall, these results reveal specific abnormalities in myogenic cell number and behavior associated with SPEG deficiency. Similar satellite cell defects have been reported in mouse models of MTM1- and DNM2-associated CNM, suggestive of shared underlying pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Li
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jasmine Lin
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samantha M Rosen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tian Zhang
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shideh Kazerounian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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Grogan A, Tsakiroglou P, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Double the trouble: giant proteins with dual kinase activity in the heart. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:1019-1029. [PMID: 32638332 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obscurin and its homolog, striated muscle preferentially expressed gene (SPEG), constitute a unique group of proteins abundantly expressed in striated muscles that contain two tandemly arranged MLCK-like kinases. The physiological significance of the dual kinase motifs is largely understudied; however, a collection of recent studies characterizing their binding interactions, putative targets, and disease-linked mutations have begun to shed light on their potential roles in muscle pathophysiology. Specifically, obscurin kinase 1 is proposed to regulate cardiomyocyte adhesion via phosphorylating N-cadherin, whereas SPEG kinases 1 and 2 regulate Ca2+ cycling by phosphorylating junctophilin-2 and the sarcoendoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2). Herein, we review what is currently known regarding the potential substrates, physiological roles, and disease associations of obscurin and SPEG tandem kinase domains and provide future directions that have yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Panagiotis Tsakiroglou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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14
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A PKB-SPEG signaling nexus links insulin resistance with diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating calcium homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2186. [PMID: 32367034 PMCID: PMC7198626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease in diabetic patients, and myocardial insulin resistance contributes to its pathogenesis through incompletely-defined mechanisms. Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG) has two kinase-domains and is a critical cardiac regulator. Here we show that SPEG is phosphorylated on Ser2461/Ser2462/Thr2463 by protein kinase B (PKB) in response to insulin. PKB-mediated phosphorylation of SPEG activates its second kinase-domain, which in turn phosphorylates sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and accelerates calcium re-uptake into the SR. Cardiac-specific deletion of PKBα/β or a high fat diet inhibits insulin-induced phosphorylation of SPEG and SERCA2a, prolongs SR re-uptake of calcium, and impairs cardiac function. Mice bearing a Speg3A mutation to prevent its phosphorylation by PKB display cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, the Speg3A mutation impairs SERCA2a phosphorylation and calcium re-uptake into the SR. Collectively, these data demonstrate that insulin resistance impairs this PKB-SPEG-SERCA2a signal axis, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linking myocardial insulin resistance to diabetic cardiomyopathy are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that myocardial insulin resistance impairs a PKB-SPEG-SERCA2a signaling axis, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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15
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Quan C, Li M, Du Q, Chen Q, Wang H, Campbell D, Fang L, Xue B, MacKintosh C, Gao X, Ouyang K, Wang HY, Chen S. SPEG Controls Calcium Reuptake Into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Through Regulating SERCA2a by Its Second Kinase-Domain. Circ Res 2019; 124:712-726. [PMID: 30566039 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE SPEG (Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase) has 2 kinase-domains and is critical for cardiac development and function. However, it is not clear how these 2 kinase-domains function to maintain cardiac performance. OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular functions of the 2 kinase-domains of SPEG. METHODS AND RESULTS A proteomics approach identified SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a) as a protein interacting with the second kinase-domain but not the first kinase-domain of SPEG. Furthermore, the second kinase-domain of SPEG could phosphorylate Thr484 on SERCA2a, promote its oligomerization and increase calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum in culture cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Phosphorylation of SERCA2a by SPEG enhanced its calcium-transporting activity without affecting its ATPase activity. Depletion of Speg in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes inhibited SERCA2a-Thr484 phosphorylation and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake. Moreover, overexpression of SERCA2aThr484Ala mutant protein also slowed sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. In contrast, domain mapping and phosphorylation analysis revealed that the first kinase-domain of SPEG interacted and phosphorylated its recently identified substrate JPH2 (junctophilin-2). An inducible heart-specific Speg knockout mouse model was generated to further study this SPEG-SERCA2a signal nexus in vivo. Inducible deletion of Speg decreased SERCA2a-Thr484 phosphorylation and its oligomerization in the heart. Importantly, inducible deletion of Speg inhibited SERCA2a calcium-transporting activity and impaired calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiomyocytes, which preceded morphological and functional alterations of the heart and eventually led to heart failure in adult mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the 2 kinase-domains of SPEG may play distinct roles to regulate cardiac function. The second kinase-domain of SPEG is a critical regulator for SERCA2a. Our findings suggest that SPEG may serve as a new target to modulate SERCA2a activation for treatment of heart diseases with impaired calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Quan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Min Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Qian Du
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen, China (H.W., K.F.O.Y.)
| | - David Campbell
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (D.C.), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Medicine (L.F., B.X.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Medicine (L.F., B.X.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Carol MacKintosh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology (C.M.), School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Xiang Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen, China (H.W., K.F.O.Y.)
| | - Hong Yu Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center (C.Q., M.L., Q.D., Q.L.C., X.G., H.Y.W., S.C.), Nanjing University, China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kusumoto
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.K., S.Y., K.F.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine (D.K.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Yuasa
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.K., S.Y., K.F.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- From the Department of Cardiology (D.K., S.Y., K.F.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Volpatti JR, Al-Maawali A, Smith L, Al-Hashim A, Brill JA, Dowling JJ. The expanding spectrum of neurological disorders of phosphoinositide metabolism. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/8/dmm038174. [PMID: 31413155 PMCID: PMC6737944 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIPs) are a ubiquitous group of seven low-abundance phospholipids that play a crucial role in defining localized membrane properties and that regulate myriad cellular processes, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell signaling cascades, ion channel activity and membrane traffic. PIP homeostasis is tightly regulated by numerous inositol kinases and phosphatases, which phosphorylate and dephosphorylate distinct PIP species. The importance of these phospholipids, and of the enzymes that regulate them, is increasingly being recognized, with the identification of human neurological disorders that are caused by mutations in PIP-modulating enzymes. Genetic disorders of PIP metabolism include forms of epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, brain malformation syndromes, peripheral neuropathy and congenital myopathy. In this Review, we provide an overview of PIP function and regulation, delineate the disorders associated with mutations in genes that modulate or utilize PIPs, and discuss what is understood about gene function and disease pathogenesis as established through animal models of these diseases. Summary: This Review highlights the intersection between phosphoinositides and the enzymes that regulate their metabolism, which together are crucial regulators of myriad cellular processes and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Volpatti
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aqeela Al-Hashim
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julie A Brill
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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18
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Blondelle J, Marrocco V, Clark M, Desmond P, Myers S, Nguyen J, Wright M, Bremner S, Pierantozzi E, Ward S, Estève E, Sorrentino V, Ghassemian M, Lange S. Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:178. [PMID: 31098411 PMCID: PMC6509138 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Madison Clark
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Patrick Desmond
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephanie Myers
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Jim Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Matthew Wright
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Shannon Bremner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Eric Estève
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, 38706 France
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
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19
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Huntoon V, Widrick JJ, Sanchez C, Rosen SM, Kutchukian C, Cao S, Pierson CR, Liu X, Perrella MA, Beggs AH, Jacquemond V, Agrawal PB. SPEG-deficient skeletal muscles exhibit abnormal triad and defective calcium handling. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1608-1617. [PMID: 29474540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are a subtype of congenital myopathies (CM) characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and an increase in the number of central myonuclei. We have previously identified three CNM probands, two with associated dilated cardiomyopathy, carrying striated preferentially expressed gene (SPEG) mutations. Currently, the role of SPEG in skeletal muscle function is unclear as constitutive SPEG-deficient mice developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy and died in utero. We have generated a conditional Speg-KO mouse model and excised Speg by crosses with striated muscle-specific cre-expressing mice (MCK-Cre). The resulting litters had a delay in Speg excision consistent with cre expression starting in early postnatal life and, therefore, an extended lifespan up to a few months. KO mice were significantly smaller and weaker than their littermate-matched controls. Histopathological skeletal muscle analysis revealed smaller myofibers, marked fiber-size variability, and poor integrity and low number of triads. Further, SPEG-deficient muscle fibers were weaker by physiological and in vitro studies and exhibited abnormal Ca2+ handling and excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Overall, SPEG deficiency in skeletal muscle is associated with fewer and abnormal triads, and defective calcium handling and excitation-contraction coupling, suggesting that therapies targeting calcium signaling may be beneficial in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Huntoon
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Widrick
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samantha M Rosen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siqi Cao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher R Pierson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Department of Biomedical Education and Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, INSERM U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry London
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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21
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Park JY, Kim K, Sohn H, Kim HW, An YR, Kang JH, Kim EM, Kwak W, Lee C, Yoo D, Jung J, Sung S, Yoon J, Kim H. Deciphering the evolutionary signatures of pinnipeds using novel genome sequences: The first genomes of Phoca largha, Callorhinus ursinus, and Eumetopias jubatus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16877. [PMID: 30442995 PMCID: PMC6237890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pinnipeds, which comprise seals, sea lions, and walruses, are a remarkable group of marine animals with unique adaptations to semi-aquatic life. However, their genomes are poorly characterized. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the genomes of three pinnipeds (Phoca largha, Callorhinus ursinus, and Eumetopias jubatus), focusing on site-wise sequence changes. We detected rapidly evolving genes in pinniped lineages and substitutions unique to pinnipeds associated with amphibious sound perception. Phenotypic convergence-related sequence convergences are not common in marine mammals. For example, FASN, KCNA5, and IL17RA contain substitutions specific to pinnipeds, yet are potential candidates of phenotypic convergence (blubber, response to hypoxia, and immunity to pathogens) in all marine mammals. The outcomes of this study will provide insight into targets for future studies of convergent evolution or gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwondo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawsun Sohn
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 250 Jangsaengpo Gorae-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44780, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 250 Jangsaengpo Gorae-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44780, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Rock An
- Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, eocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kang
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Kwak
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DongAhn Yoo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samsun Sung
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- C&K genomics, C-1008, H businesspark, 26, Beobwon-ro 9-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Kwan-ak Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Wang H, Schänzer A, Kampschulte B, Daimagüler HS, Logeswaran T, Schlierbach H, Petzinger J, Ehrhardt H, Hahn A, Cirak S. A novel SPEG mutation causes non-compaction cardiomyopathy and neuropathy in a floppy infant with centronuclear myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:83. [PMID: 30157964 PMCID: PMC6114030 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Shu C, Huang H, Xu Y, Rota M, Sorrentino A, Peng Y, Padera RF, Huntoon V, Agrawal PB, Liu X, Perrella MA. Pressure Overload in Mice With Haploinsufficiency of Striated Preferentially Expressed Gene Leads to Decompensated Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:863. [PMID: 30042693 PMCID: PMC6048438 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg) is a member of the myosin light chain kinase family of proteins. Constitutive Speg deficient (Speg−/−) mice develop a dilated cardiomyopathy, and the majority of these mice die in utero or shortly after birth. In the present study we assessed the importance of Speg in adult mice. Speg−/− mice that survived to adulthood, or adult striated muscle-specific Speg knockout mice (Speg-KO), demonstrated cardiac dysfunction and evidence of increased left ventricular (LV) internal diameter and heart to body weight ratio. To determine whether heterozygosity of Speg interferes with the response of the heart to pathophysiologic stress, Speg+/− mice were exposed to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). At baseline, Speg+/+ and Speg+/− hearts showed no difference in cardiac function. However, 4 weeks after TAC, Speg+/− mice had a marked reduction in LV function. This defect was associated with an increase in LV internal diameter and enhanced heart weight to body weight ratio, compared with Speg+/+ mice after TAC. The response of Speg+/− mice to pressure overload also included increased fibrotic deposition in the myocardium, disruption of transverse tubules, and attenuation in cell contractility, compared with Speg+/+ mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Speg is necessary for normal cardiac function and is involved in the complex adaptation of the heart in response to TAC. Haploinsufficiency of Speg results in decompensated heart failure when exposed to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Respiratory Center, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuan Peng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert F Padera
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Virginia Huntoon
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics & Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics & Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Randazzo D, Pierantozzi E, Rossi D, Sorrentino V. The potential of obscurin as a therapeutic target in muscle disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:897-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1361931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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25
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Quick AP, Wang Q, Philippen LE, Barreto-Torres G, Chiang DY, Beavers D, Wang G, Khalid M, Reynolds JO, Campbell HM, Showell J, McCauley MD, Scholten A, Wehrens XHT. SPEG (Striated Muscle Preferentially Expressed Protein Kinase) Is Essential for Cardiac Function by Regulating Junctional Membrane Complex Activity. Circ Res 2016; 120:110-119. [PMID: 27729468 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) in myocytes are critical microdomains, in which excitation-contraction coupling occurs. Structural and functional disruption of JMCs underlies contractile dysfunction in failing hearts. However, the role of newly identified JMC protein SPEG (striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of SPEG in healthy and failing adult hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic analysis of immunoprecipitated JMC proteins ryanodine receptor type 2 and junctophilin-2 (JPH2) followed by mass spectrometry identified the serine-threonine kinase SPEG as the only novel binding partner for both proteins. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed the downregulation of SPEG mRNA levels in failing human hearts. A novel cardiac myocyte-specific Speg conditional knockout (MCM-Spegfl/fl) model revealed that adult-onset SPEG deficiency results in heart failure (HF). Calcium (Ca2+) and transverse-tubule imaging of ventricular myocytes from MCM-Spegfl/fl mice post HF revealed both increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ spark frequency and disrupted JMC integrity. Additional studies revealed that transverse-tubule disruption precedes the development of HF development in MCM-Spegfl/fl mice. Although total JPH2 levels were unaltered, JPH2 phosphorylation levels were found to be reduced in MCM-Spegfl/fl mice, suggesting that loss of SPEG phosphorylation of JPH2 led to transverse-tubule disruption, a precursor of HF development in SPEG-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The novel JMC protein SPEG is downregulated in human failing hearts. Acute loss of SPEG in mouse hearts causes JPH2 dephosphorylation and transverse-tubule loss associated with downstream Ca2+ mishandling leading to HF. Our study suggests that SPEG could be a novel target for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Quick
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Qiongling Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Leonne E Philippen
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Giselle Barreto-Torres
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - David Y Chiang
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - David Beavers
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Guoliang Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Maha Khalid
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Julia O Reynolds
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Hannah M Campbell
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Jordan Showell
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Mark D McCauley
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Arjen Scholten
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.)
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., X.H.T.W), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.Q., Q.W., L.E.P., G.B.-T., D.Y.C., D.B., G.W., J.O.R., H.M.C., J.S., M.D.M., X.H.T.W), Medical Scientist Training Program (D.Y.C., D.B., H.M.C.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (M.D.M., X.H.T.W), and Pediatrics (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Accelerated BS/MD Program, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, TX (M.K.); and Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (A.S.).
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26
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Rescue of neonatal cardiac dysfunction in mice by administration of cardiac progenitor cells in utero. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8825. [PMID: 26593099 PMCID: PMC4673493 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg) is a member of the myosin light chain kinase family. We previously showed that disruption of the Speg gene locus in mice leads to a dilated cardiomyopathy with immature-appearing cardiomyocytes. Here we show that cardiomyopathy of Speg−/− mice arises as a consequence of defects in cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) function, and that neonatal cardiac dysfunction can be rescued by in utero injections of wild-type CPCs into Speg−/− foetal hearts. CPCs harvested from Speg−/− mice display defects in clone formation, growth and differentiation into cardiomyocytes in vitro, which are associated with cardiac dysfunction in vivo. In utero administration of wild-type CPCs into the hearts of Speg−/− mice results in CPC engraftment, differentiation and myocardial maturation, which rescues Speg−/− mice from neonatal heart failure and increases the number of live births by fivefold. We propose that in utero administration of CPCs may have future implications for treatment of neonatal heart diseases. The protein Speg is expressed in the developing mouse heart, where its absence leads to neonatal cardiac disease. Here the authors trace the cardiomyopathy of Speg KO mice back to defects in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and rescue it with injections of wild type CPCs into the foetal heart.
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27
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Ravenscroft G, Laing NG, Bönnemann CG. Pathophysiological concepts in the congenital myopathies: blurring the boundaries, sharpening the focus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:246-68. [PMID: 25552303 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a diverse group of genetic skeletal muscle diseases, which typically present at birth or in early infancy. There are multiple modes of inheritance and degrees of severity (ranging from foetal akinesia, through lethality in the newborn period to milder early and later onset cases). Classically, the congenital myopathies are defined by skeletal muscle dysfunction and a non-dystrophic muscle biopsy with the presence of one or more characteristic histological features. However, mutations in multiple different genes can cause the same pathology and mutations in the same gene can cause multiple different pathologies. This is becoming ever more apparent now that, with the increasing use of next generation sequencing, a genetic diagnosis is achieved for a greater number of patients. Thus, considerable genetic and pathological overlap is emerging, blurring the classically established boundaries. At the same time, some of the pathophysiological concepts underlying the congenital myopathies are moving into sharper focus. Here we explore whether our emerging understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, rather than a strictly gene-centric approach, will provide grounds for a different and perhaps complementary grouping of the congenital myopathies, that at the same time could help instil the development of shared potential therapeutic approaches. Stemming from recent advances in the congenital myopathy field, five key pathophysiology themes have emerged: defects in (i) sarcolemmal and intracellular membrane remodelling and excitation-contraction coupling; (ii) mitochondrial distribution and function; (iii) myofibrillar force generation; (iv) atrophy; and (v) autophagy. Based on numerous emerging lines of evidence from recent studies in cell lines and patient tissues, mouse models and zebrafish highlighting these unifying pathophysiological themes, here we review the congenital myopathies in relation to these emerging pathophysiological concepts, highlighting both areas of overlap between established entities, as well as areas of distinction within single gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- 1 Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- 2 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Agrawal P, Pierson C, Joshi M, Liu X, Ravenscroft G, Moghadaszadeh B, Talabere T, Viola M, Swanson L, Haliloğlu G, Talim B, Yau K, Allcock R, Laing N, Perrella M, Beggs A. SPEG interacts with myotubularin, and its deficiency causes centronuclear myopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:218-26. [PMID: 25087613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are characterized by muscle weakness and increased numbers of central nuclei within myofibers. X-linked myotubular myopathy, the most common severe form of CNM, is caused by mutations in MTM1, encoding myotubularin (MTM1), a lipid phosphatase. To increase our understanding of MTM1 function, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify MTM1-interacting proteins. Striated muscle preferentially expressed protein kinase (SPEG), the product of SPEG complex locus (SPEG), was identified as an MTM1-interacting protein, confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies. SPEG knockout has been previously associated with severe dilated cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified three unrelated CNM-affected probands, including two with documented dilated cardiomyopathy, carrying homozygous or compound-heterozygous SPEG mutations. SPEG was markedly reduced or absent in two individuals whose muscle was available for immunofluorescence and immunoblot studies. Examination of muscle samples from Speg-knockout mice revealed an increased frequency of central nuclei, as seen in human subjects. SPEG localizes in a double line, flanking desmin over the Z lines, and is apparently in alignment with the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Examination of human and murine MTM1-deficient muscles revealed similar abnormalities in staining patterns for both desmin and SPEG. Our results suggest that mutations in SPEG, encoding SPEG, cause a CNM phenotype as a result of its interaction with MTM1. SPEG is present in cardiac muscle, where it plays a critical role; therefore, individuals with SPEG mutations additionally present with dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. The kinase domains of obscurin interact with intercellular adhesion proteins. FASEB J 2013; 27:2001-12. [PMID: 23392350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-221317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obscurins comprise a family of giant (~870- to 600-kDa) and small (~250- to 55-kDa) proteins that play important roles in myofibrillogenesis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell adhesion and are implicated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and tumorigenesis. Giant obscurins are composed of tandem structural and signaling motifs, including 2 serine/threonine kinase domains, SK1 and SK2, present at the COOH terminus of giant obscurin-B. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we show for the first time that both SK1 and SK2 possess enzymatic activities and undergo autophosphorylation. SK2 can phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of N-cadherin, a major component of adherens junctions, and SK1 can interact with the extracellular domain of the β1-subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, which also resides in adherens junctions. Immunostaining of nonpermeabilized myofibers and cardiocytes revealed that some obscurin kinase isoforms localize extracellularly. Quantification of the exofacial expression of obscurin kinase proteins indicated that they occupy ~16 and ~5% of the sarcolemmal surface in myofibers and cardiocytes, respectively. Treatment of heart lysates with peptide-N-glycosidase F revealed that while giant obscurin-B localizes intracellularly, possessing dual kinase activity, a small obscurin kinase isoform that contains SK1 localizes extracellularly, where it undergoes N-glycosylation. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that the obscurin kinase domains are enzymatically active and may be involved in the regulation of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen R Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Lange S, Perera S, Teh P, Chen J. Obscurin and KCTD6 regulate cullin-dependent small ankyrin-1 (sAnk1.5) protein turnover. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:2490-504. [PMID: 22573887 PMCID: PMC3386213 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-01-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ankyrin-1 isoform 5 (sAnk1.5) turnover is regulated by posttranslational modification (ubiquitylation, neddylation, and acetylation), the presence of obscurin, and KCTD6 (a novel tissue-specific interaction partner). KCTD6 links sAnk1.5 to cullin-3. The absence of obscurin results in translocation of sAnk1.5/KCTD6 to the Z-disk and loss of sAnk1.5 on the protein level. Protein turnover through cullin-3 is tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications, the COP9 signalosome, and BTB/POZ-domain proteins that link cullin-3 to specific substrates for ubiquitylation. In this paper, we report how potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 6 (KCTD6) represents a novel substrate adaptor for cullin-3, effectively regulating protein levels of the muscle small ankyrin-1 isoform 5 (sAnk1.5). Binding of sAnk1.5 to KCTD6, and its subsequent turnover is regulated through posttranslational modification by nedd8, ubiquitin, and acetylation of C-terminal lysine residues. The presence of the sAnk1.5 binding partner obscurin, and mutation of lysine residues increased sAnk1.5 protein levels, as did knockdown of KCTD6 in cardiomyocytes. Obscurin knockout muscle displayed reduced sAnk1.5 levels and mislocalization of the sAnk1.5/KCTD6 complex. Scaffolding functions of obscurin may therefore prevent activation of the cullin-mediated protein degradation machinery and ubiquitylation of sAnk1.5 through sequestration of sAnk1.5/KCTD6 at the sarcomeric M-band, away from the Z-disk–associated cullin-3. The interaction of KCTD6 with ankyrin-1 may have implications beyond muscle for hereditary spherocytosis, as KCTD6 is also present in erythrocytes, and erythrocyte ankyrin isoforms contain its mapped minimal binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lange
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0613, USA.
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Modifier locus of the skeletal muscle involvement in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Hum Genet 2010; 129:149-59. [PMID: 21063730 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in LMNA gene encoding lamins A and C. The disease is characterized by early onset joint contractures during childhood associated with humero-peroneal muscular wasting and weakness, and by the development of a cardiac disease in adulthood. Important intra-familial variability characterized by a wide range of age at onset of myopathic symptoms (AOMS) has been recurrently reported, suggesting the contribution of a modifier gene. Our objective was to identify a modifier locus of AOMS in relation with the LMNA mutation. To map the modifier locus, we genotyped 291 microsatellite markers in 59 individuals of a large French family, where 19 patients carrying the same LMNA mutation, exhibited wide range of AOMS. We performed Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based joint segregation and linkage methods implemented in the Loki software, and detected a strong linkage signal on chromosome 2 between markers D2S143 and D2S2244 (211 cM) with a Bayes factor of 28.7 (empirical p value = 0.0032). The linked region harbours two main candidate genes, DES and MYL1 encoding desmin and light chain of myosin. Importantly, the impact of the genotype on the phenotype for this locus showed an overdominant effect with AOMS 2 years earlier for the homozygotes of the rare allele and 37 years earlier for the heterozygotes than the homozygotes for the common allele. These results provide important highlights for the natural history and for the physiopathology of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Yin X, Cuello F, Mayr U, Hao Z, Hornshaw M, Ehler E, Avkiran M, Mayr M. Proteomics analysis of the cardiac myofilament subproteome reveals dynamic alterations in phosphatase subunit distribution. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 9:497-509. [PMID: 20037178 PMCID: PMC2849712 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900275-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofilament proteins are responsible for cardiac contraction. The myofilament subproteome, however, has not been comprehensively analyzed thus far. In the present study, cardiomyocytes were isolated from rodent hearts and stimulated with endothelin-1 and isoproterenol, potent inducers of myofilament protein phosphorylation. Subsequently, cardiomyocytes were “skinned,” and the myofilament subproteome was analyzed using a high mass accuracy ion trap tandem mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap XL) equipped with electron transfer dissociation. As expected, a small number of myofilament proteins constituted the majority of the total protein mass with several known phosphorylation sites confirmed by electron transfer dissociation. More than 600 additional proteins were identified in the cardiac myofilament subproteome, including kinases and phosphatase subunits. The proteomic comparison of myofilaments from control and treated cardiomyocytes suggested that isoproterenol treatment altered the subcellular localization of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B56α. Immunoblot analysis of myocyte fractions confirmed that β-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol decreased the B56α content of the myofilament fraction in the absence of significant changes for the myosin phosphatase target subunit isoforms 1 and 2 (MYPT1 and MYPT2). Furthermore, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy revealed the spatial redistribution of these proteins with a loss of B56α from Z-disc and M-band regions but increased association of MYPT1/2 with A-band regions of the sarcomere following β-adrenergic stimulation. In summary, we present the first comprehensive proteomics data set of skinned cardiomyocytes and demonstrate the potential of proteomics to unravel dynamic changes in protein composition that may contribute to the neurohormonal regulation of myofilament contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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