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Kwon J, Lucas BP, Evans AT. How much magnesium sulfate is needed to "keep total serum magnesium above 2.0 mg/dL"? J Hosp Med 2024; 19:112-115. [PMID: 38112279 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
For patients at increased risk of life-threating ventricular arrythmias, hospitalists often administer intravenous magnesium sulfate to maintain total serum magnesium concentration (TsMg) above 2 mg/dL. How long each dose keeps TsMg above this threshold is not well known, however. We collected TsMg values from 12,618 veterans who were given 24,363 doses of intravenous magnesium sulfate during 14,901 hospitalizations for acute heart failure. Across dose amounts, the average TsMg dropped below 2.0 mg/dL within 24 h of administration. When we limited our analysis to 2 g doses (the most common dose) and adjusted for baseline TsMg, estimated glomerular filtration rate, oral magnesium supplementation, and loop diuretic dosing, we found that less than half of the adjusted TsMg values remained above 2.0 mg/dL just 12 h after dose administration. Hospitalists should expect, on average, to administer 2 g intravenous magnesium sulfate at least twice daily to maintain total serum magnesium above 2 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooEun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P Lucas
- Medicine Service, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Arthur T Evans
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Zhou W, Wang C, Zhang B, Gou S. Hybrids of carbonic anhydrase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuate cardiac hypoxic inflammatory injuries. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175751. [PMID: 37116562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation is easily accompanied by hypoxia, while hypoxia-induced injury and microenvironmental variations limit the efficacy of common anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to effectively attenuate myocardial injury caused by hypoxic and inflammatory injury, we designed and synthesized a kind of anti-inflammatory compounds by coupling cyclooxygenase (COX) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors, and evaluated the activity and their mechanism in vitro and in vivo. It was found that these compounds were structurally stable and had two enzymatic inhibition activities. By inhibiting the activity of overexpressed CA under hypoxia, the acidic microenvironment can be regulated to inhibit the hypoxic injury, in which the pH-dependent primary drug resistance can be overcome to improve the anti-inflammatory effect of the COX inhibitor. Consequently, this study provides a new strategy for the treatment of cardiac inflammation accompanied by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China; Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
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3
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Hoque MR, Lu L, Daftarian N, Esdaile JM, Xie H, Aviña-Zubieta JA. Risk of Arrhythmia Among New Users of Hydroxychloroquine in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Population-Based Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:475-484. [PMID: 36054570 DOI: 10.1002/art.42337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) initiation and risk of arrhythmia among patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or with incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS All patients with incident RA or SLE and no arrhythmic events, not receiving antiarrhythmic medications, and not receiving HCQ prior to the index date of disease in British Columbia, Canada, between January 1996 and December 2014 were identified from administrative databases. We identified patients who were dispensed HCQ prescriptions (HCQ initiators) or were not dispensed HCQ prescriptions (HCQ noninitiators) during each study year; groups were matched 1:1 by propensity scores using baseline confounders on demographics, comorbidities, medications, and health care utilization. Outcomes were any new arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, abnormal electrocardiograms, including long QT syndrome and conduction disorder, and other unspecified arrhythmias during follow-up. We used cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models with death as a competing event to assess the association between HCQ initiation and the outcomes. RESULTS We identified 11,518 propensity score-matched patients with RA or SLE in each group. Over the mean follow-up of 8 years, there were 1,610 and 1,646 incident arrhythmias in the HCQ initiator group and the noninitiator group, respectively, with crude incidence rates of arrhythmia of 17.5 and 18.1 in 1,000 persons per year, respectively. The adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (cHR) for patients who received HCQ was 0.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.89-1.03) compared with HCQ noninitiators, and the cHRs for patients who took HCQ and had arrhythmia subtypes of atrial fibrillation, abnormal electrocardiograms, and other unspecified arrhythmias were 0.93 (95% CI 0.83-1.04), 0.98 (95% CI 0.87-1.11), and 0.95 (95% CI 0.84-1.07), respectively. CONCLUSION Risk of any type of arrhythmia was not increased among new users of HCQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rashedul Hoque
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Leo Lu
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - John M Esdaile
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada, and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hui Xie
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, Canada, and Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Alsmadi MM. The investigation of the complex population-drug-drug interaction between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir and chloroquine or ivermectin using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:87-105. [PMID: 36205215 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapy failure caused by complex population-drug-drug (PDDI) interactions including CYP3A4 can be predicted using mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. A synergy between ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPVr), ivermectin, and chloroquine was suggested to improve COVID-19 treatment. This work aimed to study the PDDI of the two CYP3A4 substrates (ivermectin and chloroquine) with LPVr in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations. METHODS The PDDI of LPVr with ivermectin or chloroquine was investigated. Pearson's correlations between plasma, saliva, and lung interstitial fluid (ISF) levels were evaluated. Target site (lung epithelial lining fluid [ELF]) levels of ivermectin and chloroquine were estimated. RESULTS Upon LPVr coadministration, while the chloroquine plasma levels were reduced by 30, 40, and 20%, the ivermectin plasma levels were increased by a minimum of 425, 234, and 453% in adults, geriatrics, and pregnancy populations, respectively. The established correlation equations can be useful in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and dosing regimen optimization. CONCLUSIONS Neither chloroquine nor ivermectin reached therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of LPVr despite reaching toxic ivermectin plasma levels. PBPK modeling, guided with TDM in saliva, can be advantageous to evaluate the probability of reaching therapeutic ELF levels in the presence of PDDI, especially in home-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo'tasem M Alsmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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5
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Barcia RE, Keller GA, Bello N, Azzato F, Diez RA, Giunti G. Polypharmacy and Drug Interactions in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prague Med Rep 2023; 124:392-412. [PMID: 38069645 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a great impact on health systems. We compared evolution, polypharmacy, and potential drug-drug interactions (P-DDIs) in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 hospitalizations during first wave of pandemic. Prescriptions for hospitalized patients ≥ 18 years (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 rooms) between April and September 2020 were included. The computerized medical decision support system SIMDA and the physician order entry system Hdc.DrApp.la were used. Patients in COVID-19 rooms were divided into detectable and non-detectable, according to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Number of drugs, prescribed on day 1, after day 1, and total; polypharmacy, excessive polypharmacy, and P-DDIs were compared. 1,623 admissions were evaluated: 881 COVID-19, 538 detectable and 343 non-detectable, and 742 non-COVID-19. Mortality was 15% in COVID-19 and 13% in non-COVID-19 (RR [non-COVID-19 vs. COVID-19]: 0.84 [95% CI] [0.66-1.07]). In COVID-19, mortality was 19% in detectable and 9% in non-detectable (RR: 2.07 [1.42-3.00]). Average number of drugs was 4.54/patient (SD ± 3.06) in COVID-19 and 5.92/patient (±3.24) in non-COVID-19 (p<0.001) on day 1 and 5.57/patient (±3.93) in COVID-19 and 9.17/patient (±5.27) in non-COVID-19 (p<0.001) throughout the hospitalization. 45% received polypharmacy in COVID-19 and 62% in non-COVID-19 (RR: 1.38 [1.25-1.51]) and excessive polypharmacy 7% in COVID-19 and 14% in non-COVID-19 (RR: 2.09 [1.54-2.83]). The frequency of total P-DDIs was 0.31/patient (±0.67) in COVID-19 and 0.40/patient (±0.94) in non-COVID-19 (p=0.022). Hospitalizations in the COVID-19 setting are associated with less use of drugs, less polypharmacy and less P-DDIs. Detectable patients had higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Enrique Barcia
- 6° Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- DrApp, Empresa de Desarrollos Informáticos para Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Alberto Keller
- Centro de Vigilancia y Seguridad de Medicamentos, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Bello
- División Infectología, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Azzato
- 6° Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Alejandro Diez
- Centro de Vigilancia y Seguridad de Medicamentos, Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Giunti
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Kovtyukh IV, Baymukanov AM, Gendlin GE, Nikitin IG, Dvornikova SN, Roginko O. Electrocardiogram QRS Complex Duration as a Predictor of Hospital Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19. KARDIOLOGIIA 2022; 62:30-37. [PMID: 36636974 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2022.12.n2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim To determine the effect of major electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.Material and methods One of systemic manifestations of COVID-19 is heart injury. ECG is the most simple and available method for diagnosing the heart injury, which influences the therapeutic approach. This study included 174 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Major ECG parameters recorded on admission and their changes before the discharge from the hospital or death of the patient, were analyzed, and the effect of each parameter on the in-hospital prognosis was determined. Results were compared with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), laboratory data, and results of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the lungs.Results ECG data differed on admission and their changes differed for deceased and discharged patients. Of special interest was the effect of the QRS complex duration at baseline and at the end of treatment on the in-hospital survival and mortality rate. The Cox regression analysis showed that the QRS complex duration (relative risk (RR) 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-3.66; р=0.01), MSCT data (RR, 1.54; 95 % CI: 1.14-2.092; р=0.005), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (RR, 0.98; 95 % CI: 0.96-0.99; р=0.001) had the highest predictive significance. In further comparison of these three indexes, the QRS duration and GFR retained their predictive significance, and a ROC analysis showed that the cut-off QRS complex duration was 125 ms (р=0.001). Patients who developed left bundle branch block (LBBB) in the course of disease also had an unfavorable prognosis compared to other intraventricular conduction disorders (р=0.038). The presence of LBBB was associated with reduced LV EF (р=0.0078). The presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly predetermines a worse outcome both at the start (р=0.011) and at the end of observation (р=0.034). A higher mortality was observed for the group of deceased patients with ST segment deviations, ST elevation (р=0.0059) and ST depression (р=0.028).Conclusion Thus, the QTc interval elongation, LBBB that developed during the treatment, AF, and increased QRS complex duration are the indicators that determine the in-hospital prognosis of patients with COVID-19. The strongest electrocardiographic predictor for an unfavorable prognosis was the QRS complex duration that allowed stratification of patients to groups of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Kovtyukh
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Moscow
| | | | - G E Gendlin
- ФГАОУ ВО "Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова" Минздрава России, Москва
| | - I G Nikitin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | | | - Olga Roginko
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, Moscow
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Common ECG Changes and Prognostic Importance of ECG Findings in Covid-19 Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1197111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
It is known that cardiac involvement may occur in patients with COVID-19 infection. And one of the best diagnostic tools of cardiac involvement is the ECG. The aim of this study is to investigate the common ECG findings in COVID-19 infection and the effect of these findings on the prognosis.
Material and Method:
215 patients who applied to our emergency department between 04.06.2022 and 04.08.2022 and met the criteria for inclusion in the study were included in this study. All patient results and ECG images were accessed from the hospital data recording system. The results were used for statistical analysis.
Results:
Of 215 patients, 118 were female and 97 were male, and the mean age was 58±21 years. Of these patients, 52 were hospitalized in the service and 17 were hospitalized in intensive care units, and 146 patients were discharged from the emergency department. The most common ECG finding was ST-T wave change. It was observed that there was a correlation between the detection of VT in the ECG and the intensive care unit admission. It was observed that the ECG findings of the patients had no effect on the prognosis.
Conclusion:
All ECG findings can be seen in patients admitted to the emergency department with COVID-19 infection. The most common ECG finding is ST-T wave change. In addition, long QTc, sinus tachycardia and AF are also common. However, no correlation was found between ECG findings and disease prognosis.
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Oguntuyo K, Schuftan D, Guo J, Simmons D, Bhagavan D, Moreno JD, Kang PW, Miller E, Silva JR, Huebsch N. Robust, Automated Analysis of Electrophysiology in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Micro-Heart Muscle for Drug Toxicity. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:457-468. [PMID: 35925789 PMCID: PMC9527045 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are often removed from clinical trials or market progression owing to their unforeseen effects on cardiac action potential and calcium handling. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and tissues fabricated from these cells are promising as screening tools for early identification of these potential cardiac liabilities. In this study, we describe an automated, open-source MATLAB-based analysis software for calculating cardiac action potentials and calcium transients from fluorescent reporters. We first identified the most robust manner in which to automatically identify the initiation point for action potentials and calcium transients in a user-independent manner, and used this approach to quantify the duration and morphology of these signals. We then demonstrate the software by assessing changes to action potentials and calcium transients in our micro-heart muscles after exposure to hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial drug with known cardiac liability. Consistent with clinical observations, our system predicted mild action potential prolongation. However, we also observed marked calcium transient suppression, highlighting the advantage of testing multiple physiologic readouts in cardiomyocytes rather than relying on heterologous overexpression of single channels such as the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel. This open-source software can serve as a useful, high-throughput tool for analyzing cardiomyocyte physiology from fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasoorelope Oguntuyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Schuftan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingxuan Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Druv Bhagavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Moreno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Po Wei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Evan Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Synergistic Adverse Effects of Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine on Human Cardiomyocytes at a Clinically Relevant Treatment Duration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020220. [PMID: 35215332 PMCID: PMC8877825 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of drug combinations and their underlying mechanisms are highly relevant for safety evaluation, but often not fully studied. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) were used as a combination therapy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients at the beginning of the pandemic, leading to higher complication rates in comparison to respective monotherapies. Here, we used human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) to systematically investigate the effects of HCQ, AZM, and their combination on the structure and functionality of cardiomyocytes, and to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate synergistic adverse effects of AZM and HCQ on electrophysiological and contractile function of iPSC-CMs. HCQ-induced prolongation of field potential duration (FPDc) was gradually increased during 7-day treatment period and was strongly enhanced by combination with AZM, although AZM alone slightly shortened FPDc in iPSC-CMs. Combined treatment with AZM and HCQ leads to higher cardiotoxicity, more severe structural disarrangement, more pronounced contractile dysfunctions, and more elevated conduction velocity, compared to respective monotreatments. Mechanistic insights underlying the synergistic effects of AZM and HCQ on iPSC-CM functionality are provided based on increased cellular accumulation of HCQ and AZM as well as increased Cx43- and Nav1.5-protein levels.
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10
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QTc interval prolongation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with antiviral drugs. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 96:213-220. [PMID: 35193834 PMCID: PMC8857946 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many antiviral agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, have been used to treat COVID-19, without being broadly accepted. QTc prolongation is a worrisome adverse effect, scarcely studied in pediatrics. Patients and methods Paediatric patients affected from COVID-19 who received antivirals were matched (1:2) with controls not infected nor exposed. Electrocardiograms were prospectively analyzed at baseline, during the first 72 h of treatment and after 72 h. Results Eleven (22.9%) out of 48 patients admitted due to COVID-19 (March–July 2020) received antiviral therapy. All had underlying diseases: congenital heart disease (4/11; 36.4%) and immunosuppression (3/11; 27.3%) stand out. 5/11 (45.5%) received treatment at baseline with a potential effect on QTc. There where no differences observed in the baseline QTc between cases and controls: 414.8 ms (49.2) vs 416.5 ms (29.4), (P = .716). Baseline long QT was observed in 2/11 cases and 2/22. Among cases, 10/11 (90.9%) received hydroxychloroquine, mainly associated with azithromycin (8/11; 72.7%), 3 received lopinavir/ritonavir and one remdesivir. The median increase in QTc after 72 h under treatment was 28.9 ms [IQR 48.7] (P = .062). 4/11 (36.4%) patients had a long QTc at 72 h, resulting in 3 patients ≥500 ms; treatment was stopped in one (QTc 510 ms) but ventricular arrhythmias were not documented. Conclusions The use of antivirals caused an increase on the QTc interval after 72 h of treatment, being the QTc long in 36.3% of the patients, although no arrhythmic events were observed. The use of hydroxychloroquine and antivirals requires active QTc monitoring and it is recommended to discontinue treatment if QTc > 500 ms.
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11
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Zhu X, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Gao Q, Gao L, Zhang W, Xin X, Chen K, Srivastava U, Ginjupalli VKM, Cupelli M, Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Chen L, Boutjdir M. Arrhythmogenic mechanisms of interleukin-6 combination with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in inflammatory diseases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1075. [PMID: 35058480 PMCID: PMC8776801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases including COVID-19 are associated with a cytokine storm characterized by high interleukin-6 (IL-6) titers. In particular, while recent studies examined COVID-19 associated arrhythmic risks from cardiac injury and/or from pharmacotherapy such as the combination of azithromycin (AZM) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the role of IL-6 per se in increasing the arrhythmic risk remains poorly understood. The objective is to elucidate the electrophysiological basis of inflammation-associated arrhythmic risk in the presence of AZM and HCQ. IL-6, AZM and HCQ were concomitantly administered to guinea pigs in-vivo and in-vitro. Electrocardiograms, action potentials and ion-currents were analyzed. IL-6 alone or the combination AZM + HCQ induced mild to moderate reduction in heart rate, PR-interval and corrected QT (QTc) in-vivo and in-vitro. Notably, IL-6 alone was more potent than the combination of the two drugs in reducing heart rate, increasing PR-interval and QTc. In addition, the in-vivo or in-vitro combination of IL-6 + AZM + HCQ caused severe bradycardia, conduction abnormalities, QTc prolongation and asystole. These electrocardiographic abnormalities were attenuated in-vivo by tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor, and are due in part to the prolongation of action potential duration and selective inhibition of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ currents. Inflammation confers greater risk for arrhythmia than the drug combination therapy. As such, in the setting of elevated IL-6 during inflammation caution must be taken when co-administering drugs known to predispose to fatal arrhythmias and TCZ could be an important player as a novel anti-arrhythmic agent. Thus, identifying inflammation as a critical culprit is essential for proper management.
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12
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ÇELİK ÇO, ÇIFTCI O, ULUBAY G, MÜDERRİSOĞLU H. Temporal change of ventricular repolarization indices and index of cardioelectrophysiological balance (iCEB) during COVID-19 treatment including hydroxychloroquine at a tertiary referral hospital. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.992586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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13
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Kaliyaperumal D, Bhargavi K, Ramaraju K, Nair KS, Ramalingam S, Alagesan M. Electrocardiographic Changes in COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital-based Descriptive Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:43-48. [PMID: 35110843 PMCID: PMC8783240 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection is a multisystem disease not restricted to the lungs. It has a negative impact on the cardiovascular system by causing myocardial damage, vascular inflammation, plaque instability, and myocardial infarction. The presence of myocardial injury is a poor prognostic sign. Electrocardiogram (ECG), a simple bedside diagnostic test with high prognostic value, can be employed to assess early cardiovascular involvement in such patients. Various abnormalities in ECG like ST-T changes, arrhythmia, and conduction defects have been reported in COVID-19. We aimed to find out the ECG abnormalities of COVID-19 patients. Methods We performed a cross-sectional, hospital-based descriptive study among 315 COVID-19 in-patients who underwent ECG recording on admission. Patients’ clinical profiles were noted from their records, and the ECG abnormalities were studied. Results Among the abnormal ECGs 255 (81%), rhythm abnormalities were seen in 9 patients (2.9%), rate abnormalities in 115 patients (36.5%), and prolonged PR interval in 2.9%. Short QRS complex was seen in 8.3%. QT interval was prolonged in 8.3% of the patients. Significant changes in the ST and T segments (42.9%) were observed. In logistic regression analysis, ischemic changes in ECG were associated with systemic hypertension and respiratory failure. Conclusion In our study, COVID-19 patients had ischemic changes, rate, rhythm abnormalities, and conduction defects in their ECG. With this ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and limited health resources, ECG—a simple bedside noninvasive tool is highly beneficial and helps in the early diagnosis and management of cardiac injury. How to cite this article Kaliyaperumal D, Bhargavi K, Ramaraju K, Nair KS, Ramalingam S, Alagesan M. Electrocardiographic Changes in COVID-19 Patients: A Hospital-based Descriptive Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(1):43–48.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumar Bhargavi
- Department of Medicine, PSG IMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Kumar Bhargavi, Department of Medicine, PSG IMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9855478899, e-mail:
| | | | - Krishna S Nair
- Department of Medicine, PSG IMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Ramalingam
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG IMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Alagesan
- Department of Medicine, PSG IMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Lin C, Tu P, Terry TC. Moving the needle on racial disparity: COVID-19 vaccine trust and hesitancy. Vaccine 2022; 40:5-8. [PMID: 34839990 PMCID: PMC8604693 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Health equity has grown in prominence during the pandemic. Racial disparities in COVID-19 infections and vaccine hesitancy (differences up to 26%) have generated concerns, research, and interventions with less-than-satisfactory results. Two longitudinal national surveys in the U.S. revealed previously overlooked patterns in the changes of COVID-19 vaccination intention across race/ethnicity. While White vaccine acceptance bounced back to the March 2020 level (65%) a year later, minority (except Asians) responses continued to lag and fluctuated with greater volatility. Though Hispanics’ refusal aligned more with Blacks, the ratio of Hispanics willing to vaccinate was similar to Whites, even intermittently went above. Further, the magnitude and direction of changes varied by race at specific times (e.g., launch of Operation Warp Speed, reports of high vaccine efficacy in clinical trials or FDA approval), indicating subgroups react differently to events and thus require timely identification of driving factors for dynamic communications to encourage uptake. We also briefly reviewed the historical background of distrust in medicine and health authorities, including the Tuskegee Syphilis Study that led to the Belmont Report regulating human subject research and severe adverse reactions from the 1976 mass vaccination against the H1N1 swine flu. These examples, perpetuating inequity in the present healthcare system, and logistical barriers illustrate the contextual complexity and importance of instilling confidence in vaccines among the minority population.
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15
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Sivapalan P, Ulrik CS, Lapperre TS, Bojesen RD, Eklöf J, Browatzki A, Wilcke JT, Gottlieb V, Håkansson KEJ, Tidemandsen C, Tupper O, Meteran H, Bergsøe C, Brøndum E, Bødtger U, Bech Rasmussen D, Graff Jensen S, Pedersen L, Jordan A, Priemé H, Søborg C, Steffensen IE, Høgsberg D, Klausen TW, Frydland MS, Lange P, Sverrild A, Ghanizada M, Knop FK, Biering-Sørensen T, Lundgren JD, Jensen JUS. Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19: a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100752. [PMID: 34083403 PMCID: PMC8186006 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00752-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine induces airway immunomodulatory effects, with the latter also having in vitro antiviral properties. This may improve outcomes in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS Placebo-controlled double-blind randomised multicentre trial. Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted to hospital for ≤48 h (not intensive care) with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription PCR test were recruited. The intervention was 500 mg daily azithromycin for 3 days followed by 250 mg daily azithromycin for 12 days combined with 200 mg twice-daily hydroxychloroquine for all 15 days. The control group received placebo/placebo. The primary outcome was days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (DAOH14). RESULTS After randomisation of 117 patients, at the first planned interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping enrolment due to futility, based on pre-specified criteria. Consequently, the trial was terminated on 1 February 2021. 61 patients received the combined intervention and 56 patients received placebo. In the intervention group, patients had a median (interquartile range) 9.0 (3-11) DAOH14 versus 9.0 (7-10) DAOH14 in the placebo group (p=0.90). The primary safety outcome, death from all causes on day 30, occurred for one patient in the intervention group versus two patients receiving placebo (p=0.52), and readmittance or death within 30 days occurred for nine patients in the intervention group versus six patients receiving placebo (p=0.57). CONCLUSIONS The combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine did not improve survival or length of hospitalisation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeesh Sivapalan
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus Dahlin Bojesen
- Dept of Surgery, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Josefin Eklöf
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Browatzki
- Dept of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Jon Torgny Wilcke
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Gottlieb
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kjell Erik Julius Håkansson
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Casper Tidemandsen
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Oliver Tupper
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Howraman Meteran
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Christina Bergsøe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Eva Brøndum
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Uffe Bødtger
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Sidse Graff Jensen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Jordan
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Helene Priemé
- Dept of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Søborg
- Dept of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ida E. Steffensen
- Dept of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Høgsberg
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Steen Frydland
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Respiratory Research Unit, Hvidovre and Amager University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Peter Lange
- Dept of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muhzda Ghanizada
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K. Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Dept of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens D. Lundgren
- Dept of Infectious Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Section, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Dept of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Promotion of non-evidence-based therapeutics within patient-led Long COVID support groups. Nat Med 2021; 27:2068-2069. [PMID: 34893773 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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López-Atanes M, González-Briceño JP, Abeal-Adham A, Fuertes-Soriano S, Cabezas-Garduño J, Peña-Rotella Á, Sáenz-Herrero M. Liaison Psychiatry During the Peak of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Description of Referrals and Interventions. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:555080. [PMID: 34955903 PMCID: PMC8698874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.555080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the coronavirus family, a group of viruses that can cause upper respiratory infections in humans. Among other symptoms, it can present as an asymptomatic infection or as a more severe disease requiring hospitalization. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been described in the acute phase of the illness and as long-term repercussions. We describe the characteristics and interventions in those COVID-19 patients referred to our liaison psychiatry service. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was carried out within the Department of Psychiatry of Cruces University Hospital (Basque Country, Spain). Data from each psychiatric consultation within our consultation-liaison service were consecutively obtained for 1 month from March 17 to April 17, 2020. We recruited data regarding clinical and referral characteristics and psychiatric interventions. Results: Of a total of 721 SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizations, 43 (5.6%) patients were referred to our psychiatry liaison service. The median age was 61 years old, and 62.8% were women. The infectious disease department was the most frequent petitioner (37.2%), and the most common reason for referral was patient anxiety (25.6%). A total of 67.4% of patients received psychological counseling and 55.8% received some pharmacological approach, with a median of 3.7 visits/calls per patient. In addition, 20.3% needed a medication switch due to potential interactions between psychotropics and drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2. Discussion: In our study, up to 5.6% of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients needed a psychiatric evaluation, especially for anxiety and mood symptoms. Psychosocial factors associated with the pandemic, drugs used to treat the infection, or a direct causative effect of the virus may explain our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte López-Atanes
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Adrián Abeal-Adham
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Sara Fuertes-Soriano
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Janire Cabezas-Garduño
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Álvar Peña-Rotella
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Margarita Sáenz-Herrero
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
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18
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Dai J, Dong X, Wang Q, Lou X, Xia F, Wang S. PEG-Polymer Encapsulated Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles for Tumor Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101036. [PMID: 34414687 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tumor imaging and therapy, the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect of fluorescent dyes at high concentration is a great challenge. In this regard, the aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) show great potential, since AIEgens effectively overcome the ACQ effect and have better fluorescence quantum yield, photobleaching resistance, and photosensitivity. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polymer is the most commonly used carrier to prepare nanoparticles (NPs). The advantage of PEGylation is that it can greatly prolong the metabolic half-life and reduce immunogenicity and toxicity. Considering that the hydrophobicity of most AIEgens hinders their application in organisms, the use of PEG-polymer encapsulation is an effective strategy to overcome this obstacle. Importantly, bioactive functional groups can be modified on PEG-polymers to enhance the biological effect of NPs. The combination of powerful AIEgens and PEG-polymers provides a new strategy for tumor imaging and therapy, which is promising for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1095 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430032 China
| | - Xiaoqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences 388 Lumo Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences 388 Lumo Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences 388 Lumo Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences 388 Lumo Road Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1095 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430032 China
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19
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Anand P, Mayfield JJ, He B, Khaira KB. Unusual T-wave Changes and Extreme QTc Prolongation in a 71-year-old man with Asymptomatic COVID Infection. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2021; 8:99-101. [PMID: 34804796 PMCID: PMC8596657 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Anand
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jacob J. Mayfield
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Beixin He
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kavita B. Khaira
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Kavita B. Khaira, VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, University of Washington, 1660 S Columbia Way, Seattle, WA 98108.
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20
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Application of the Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genomics in Cardiovascular Research-What We Have Learnt and Not Learnt until Now. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113112. [PMID: 34831333 PMCID: PMC8623147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized regenerative medicine and biomedical research have been galvanized and revolutionized by human pluripotent stem cells in combination with recent advances in genomics, artificial intelligence, and genome engineering. More recently, we have witnessed the unprecedented breakthrough life-saving translation of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 to contain the global pandemic and the investment in billions of US dollars in space exploration projects and the blooming space-tourism industry fueled by the latest reusable space vessels. Now, it is time to examine where the translation of pluripotent stem cell research stands currently, which has been touted for more than the last two decades to cure and treat millions of patients with severe debilitating degenerative diseases and tissue injuries. This review attempts to highlight the accomplishments of pluripotent stem cell research together with cutting-edge genomics and genome editing tools and, also, the promises that have still not been transformed into clinical applications, with cardiovascular research as a case example. This review also brings to our attention the scientific and socioeconomic challenges that need to be effectively addressed to see the full potential of pluripotent stem cells at the clinical bedside.
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21
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Wang G, Lu CJ, Trafford AW, Tian X, Flores HM, Maj P, Zhang K, Niu Y, Wang L, Du Y, Ji X, Xu Y, Wu L, Li D, Herring N, Paterson D, Huang CLH, Zhang H, Lei M, Hao G. Electrophysiological and Proarrhythmic Effects of Hydroxychloroquine Challenge in Guinea-Pig Hearts. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1639-1653. [PMID: 34661080 PMCID: PMC8506600 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), clinically established in antimalarial and autoimmune therapy, recently raised cardiac arrhythmogenic concerns when used alone or with azithromycin (HCQ+AZM) in Covid-19. We report complementary, experimental, studies of its electrophysiological effects. In patch clamped HEK293 cells expressing human cardiac ion channels, HCQ inhibited IKr and IK1 at a therapeutic concentrations (IC50s: 10 ± 0.6 and 34 ± 5.0 μM). INa and ICaL showed higher IC50s; Ito and IKs were unaffected. AZM slightly inhibited INa, ICaL, IKs, and IKr, sparing IK1 and Ito. (HCQ+AZM) inhibited IKr and IK1 (IC50s: 7.7 ± 0.8 and 30.4 ± 3.0 μM), sparing INa, ICaL, and Ito. Molecular induced-fit docking modeling confirmed potential HCQ-hERG but weak AZM-hERG binding. Effects of μM-HCQ were studied in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts by multielectrode, optical RH237 voltage, and Rhod-2 mapping. These revealed reversibly reduced left atrial and ventricular action potential (AP) conduction velocities increasing their heterogeneities, increased AP durations (APDs), and increased durations and dispersions of intracellular [Ca2+] transients, respectively. Hearts also became bradycardic with increased electrocardiographic PR and QRS durations. The (HCQ+AZM) combination accentuated these effects. Contrastingly, (HCQ+AZM) and not HCQ alone disrupted AP propagation, inducing alternans and torsadogenic-like episodes on voltage mapping during forced pacing. O'Hara-Rudy modeling showed that the observed IKr and IK1 effects explained the APD alterations and the consequently prolonged Ca2+ transients. The latter might then downregulate INa, reducing AP conduction velocity through recently reported INa downregulation by cytosolic [Ca2+] in a novel scheme for drug action. The findings may thus prompt future investigations of HCQ's cardiac safety under particular, chronic and acute, clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongxin Wang
- Henan
SCOPE Research Institute of Electrophysiology Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chieh-Ju Lu
- Henan
SCOPE Research Institute of Electrophysiology Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Andrew W. Trafford
- Unit
of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester
Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Department
of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital and College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Hannali M Flores
- Biological
Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Piotr Maj
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - Kevin Zhang
- School of
Medicine, Imperial College of London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yanhong Niu
- Fuwai
Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Henan
SCOPE Research Institute of Electrophysiology Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Department
of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xinying Ji
- Department
of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital and College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City 050017, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - Neil Herring
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - David Paterson
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
| | - Christopher L.-H. Huang
- Physiological
Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, U.K.
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education
and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Henggui Zhang
- Biological
Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Peng
Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518066, China
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education
and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
- Key
Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education
and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guoliang Hao
- Henan
SCOPE Research Institute of Electrophysiology Co. Ltd., Kaifeng 475000, China
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.
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22
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Nakou E, De Garate E, Liang K, Williams M, Pennell DJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Imaging Findings of COVID-19–Related Cardiovascular Complications. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2021; 14:79-93. [PMID: 35221088 PMCID: PMC8556547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Shah KS, Hale Hammond ME, Drakos SG, Anderson JL, Fang JC, Knowlton KU, Shaw RM. SARS-CoV-2 as an inflammatory cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and future challenges. Future Cardiol 2021; 17:1277-1291. [PMID: 33739142 PMCID: PMC7986052 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the 2020 global COVID-19 pandemic. In patients with COVID-19, multiple cardiovascular (CV) manifestations have been reported. SARS coronavirus 2 infection can lead to inflammatory CV disease first via takeover of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 enzyme as a cell receptor as well as the macrophage activation syndrome in severe illness. We review the CV manifestations of COVID-19 and therapeutics under investigation. We discuss the potential long-term CV sequelae after recovery from COVID-19 and the gaps in knowledge including the pathophysiological links between acute cardiac injury, myocardial inflammation and chronic cardiomyopathy. Future investigational efforts could result in significant diagnostic and therapeutic advances potentially impacting the broader field of chronic heart failure and cardiac recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Stavros G Drakos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research & Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Anderson
- Intermountain Healthcare & University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - James C Fang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT. University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research & Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Mangona E, Sandonato E, Brothers TN, Pawasauskas J. Drug-Induced QTc Prolongation: What We Know and Where We Are Going. Curr Drug Saf 2021; 17:100-113. [PMID: 34551700 DOI: 10.2174/1574886316666210922153059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced QTc prolongation is a concerning electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality. This cardiac disturbance carries a 10% risk of sudden cardiac death due to the malignant arrhythmia, Torsades de Pointes. The Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (AzCERT) has classified QTc prolonging therapeutic classes such as antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, anti-infectives, and others. AzCERT criteria categorizes medications into three risk categories: "known," "possible," and "conditional risk" of QTc prolongation and Torsades de Pointes. The list of QTc prolonging medications continues to expand as new drug classes are approved and studied. Risk factors for QTc prolongation can be delineated into modifiable or non-modifiable. A validated risk scoring tool may be utilized to predict the likelihood of prolongation in patients receiving AzCERT classified medication. The resultant risk score may be applied to a clinical decision support system which offers mitigation strategies. Mitigation strategies including discontinuation of possible offending agents with selection of an alternative agent, assessment of potential drug interactions or dose adjustments through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic monitoring, and initiation of both ECG and electrolyte monitoring are essential to prevent a drug-induced arrhythmia. The challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to the development of innovative continuous monitoring technology, increasing protection for both patients and healthcare workers. Early intervention strategies may reduce adverse events and improve clinical outcomes in patients identified to be at risk of QTc prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn Mangona
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. United States
| | - Elisa Sandonato
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. United States
| | - Todd N Brothers
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. United States
| | - Jayne Pawasauskas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. United States
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Junapudi SS, Junapudi S, Ega K, Chidipi B. Major cardiac concerns in therapy and vaccinations for COVID-19. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100102. [PMID: 34222851 PMCID: PMC8238645 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity and impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the world's health have led to the development and production of practical and useful vaccines for this deadly respiratory virus. Since April 2020, a vaccine for the virus has been developed. Given that comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are more prone to viruses and the risk of infection, vaccines should be designed to protect against high-risk respiratory illnesses. In this review, we discussed the cardiovascular alteration in SARS-CoV-2 treatment, and we also reviewed the vaccination information and studies that have been done to primary considerations for cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Sundar Junapudi
- Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College Suryapet, Suryapet District, Telangana, 508213, India
| | - Sunil Junapudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Geethanjali College of Pharmacy, Cherryal, Keesara, Medchalmalkajgiri District, Telangana, 501301, India
| | - Kishore Ega
- Department of Pediatrics, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh-524002, India
| | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL,33612, USA
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Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, Vinet E, Quach C, Bernatsky S. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Use During Pregnancy and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Using Real-World Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722511. [PMID: 34408654 PMCID: PMC8366774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used for the prevention/treatment of malaria, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although present data do not show their efficacy to treat COVID-19, they have been used as potential treatments for COVID-19. Given that pregnant women are excluded from randomized controlled trials, and present evidence are inconsistent and inconclusive, we aimed to investigate the safety of CQ or HCQ use in a large pregnancy cohort using real-world evidence. Methods: Using Quebec Pregnancy Cohort, we identified women who delivered a singleton liveborn, 1998–2015, (n = 233,748). The exposure time window for analyses on prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) was the second/third trimesters; was any time during pregnancy; only first trimester exposure was considered for analyses on major congenital malformations (MCM). The risk of prematurity, LBW, and MCM (overall and organ-specific) were quantified using generalized estimation equations. Results: We identified 288 pregnancies (0.12%) exposed to CQ (183, 63.5%) or HCQ (105, 36.5%) that resulted in liveborn singletons; CQ/HCQ was used for RA (17.4%), SLE (16.3%) or malaria (0.7%). CQ/HCQ was used for 71.8 days on average [standard-deviation (SD) 70.5], at a dose of 204.3 mg/d (SD, 155.6). We did not observe any increased risk related to CQ/HCQ exposure for prematurity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.39, 95%CI 0.84–2.30), LBW (aOR 1.11, 95%CI 0.59–2.06), or MCM (aOR 1.01, 95%CI 0.67–1.52). Conclusion: in this large CQ/HCQ exposed pregnancy cohort, we saw no clear increased risk of prematurity, LBW, or MCM, although number of exposed cases remained low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anick Bérard
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Odile Sheehy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jin-Ping Zhao
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyne Vinet
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Mesquita D, Carmo P, Cabanelas N, Santos N, Martins V, Sanfins V, Costa HC, Fontes JP, Fonseca P, Parreira L. Cardiac arrhythmias in patients presenting with COVID-19 treated in Portuguese hospitals: A national registry from the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:573-580. [PMID: 34392900 PMCID: PMC8359673 DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, was discovered as the agent of COVID-19 disease. Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as frequent but their incidence is unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications. METHODS The Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE) conducted a survey in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients, their clinical characteristics, the use of experimental therapies and the impact on QT interval. RESULTS Twenty hospitals participated, reporting 692 hospitalized patients. An arrhythmic episode occurred in 81 (11.7%) and 64 (79%) had detailed information on these episodes. New onset arrhythmias occurred in 41 (64%) patients, 45 (70.3%) male, median age 73.5 (61-80.3) years. There were 51 (79.7%) with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension (41, 64.1%). Of 53 patients (82.3%) on experimental therapy, 7 (10.9%) had an increased QTc interval. Regarding arrhythmias, two patients (3.1%) had ventricular tachycardia, 5 (7.8%) sinus bradycardia, 17 (26.6%) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 (62.5%) atrial fibrillation or flutter. At the time of reporting, there had been no deaths due to arrhythmic syndrome or related complications. CONCLUSIONS In a population of COVID-19 patients. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high but not associated with increased cardiac mortality although it does though occur frequently in extremely ill patients and with multiple organ failure. Regardless of the use of experimental drugs, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low and atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias are the most prevalent arrythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis Mesquita
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Carmo
- Hospital de St.ª Cruz, Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cabanelas
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santos
- Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Vítor Martins
- Hospital Distrital de Santarém, E.P.E., Santarém, Portugal
| | - Victor Sanfins
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Fontes
- Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- Hospital de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Leonor Parreira
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
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28
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Mesquita D, Carmo P, Cabanelas N, Santos N, Martins V, Sanfins V, Costa HC, Fontes JP, Fonseca P, Parreira L. Cardiac arrhythmias in patients presenting with COVID-19 treated in Portuguese hospitals: A national registry from the Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:573-580. [PMID: 34629726 PMCID: PMC7959257 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, was discovered as the agent of COVID-19 disease. Cardiac arrhythmias have been reported as frequent but their incidence is unknown. The aim of this research was to assess the real incidence of cardiac arrhythmias among COVID-19 patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals and to understand the underlying prognostic implications. METHODS The Portuguese Association of Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology (APAPE) conducted a survey in Portuguese hospitals to assess the occurrence of arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients, their clinical characteristics, the use of experimental therapies and the impact on QT interval. RESULTS Twenty hospitals participated, reporting 692 hospitalized patients. An arrhythmic episode occurred in 81 (11.7%) and 64 (79%) had detailed information on these episodes. New onset arrhythmias occurred in 41 (64%) patients, 45 (70.3%) male, median age 73.5 (61-80.3) years. There were 51 (79.7%) with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension (41, 64.1%). Of 53 patients (82.3%) on experimental therapy, 7 (10.9%) had an increased QTc interval. Regarding arrhythmias, two patients (3.1%) had ventricular tachycardia, 5 (7.8%) sinus bradycardia, 17 (26.6%) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and 40 (62.5%) atrial fibrillation or flutter. At the time of reporting, there had been no deaths due to arrhythmic syndrome or related complications. CONCLUSIONS In a population of COVID-19 patients. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias is high but not associated with increased cardiac mortality although it does though occur frequently in extremely ill patients and with multiple organ failure. Regardless of the use of experimental drugs, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias is low and atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular arrhythmias are the most prevalent arrythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinis Mesquita
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Carmo
- Hospital de St.ª Cruz, Centro Hospital de Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E., Carnaxide, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cabanelas
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca E.P.E., Amadora, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santos
- Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Vítor Martins
- Hospital Distrital de Santarém, E.P.E., Santarém, Portugal
| | - Victor Sanfins
- Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, E.P.E., Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - José Paulo Fontes
- Hospital de Vila Real, Centro Hospitalar de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- Hospital de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E.P.E., Portugal
| | - Leonor Parreira
- Hospital de S. Bernardo, Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal E.P.E., Setúbal, Portugal
- Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bisceglia I, Gabrielli D, Canale ML, Gallucci G, Parrini I, Turazza FM, Russo G, Maurea N, Quagliariello V, Lestuzzi C, Oliva S, Di Fusco SA, Lucà F, Tarantini L, Trambaiolo P, Gulizia MM, Colivicchi F. ANMCO POSITION PAPER: cardio-oncology in the COVID era (CO and CO). Eur Heart J Suppl 2021; 23:C128-C153. [PMID: 34456641 PMCID: PMC8388610 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease have confirmed the particular vulnerability of these populations. Indeed, not only a higher risk of contracting the infection has been reported but also an increased occurrence of a more severe course and unfavourable outcome. Beyond the direct consequences of COVID-19 infection, the pandemic has an enormous impact on global health systems. Screening programmes and non-urgent tests have been postponed; clinical trials have suffered a setback. Similarly, in the area of cardiology care, a significant decline in STEMI accesses and an increase in cases of late presenting heart attacks with increased mortality and complication rates have been reported. Health care systems must therefore get ready to tackle the 'rebound effect' that will likely show a relative increase in the short- and medium-term incidence of diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and cardio- and cerebrovascular complications. Scientific societies are taking action to provide general guidance and recommendations aimed at mitigating the unfavourable outcomes of this pandemic emergency. Cardio-oncology, as an emerging discipline, is more flexible in modulating care pathways and represents a beacon of innovation in the development of multi-specialty patient management. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, cardio-oncology has rapidly modified its clinical care pathways and implemented flexible monitoring protocols that include targeted use of cardiac imaging, increased use of biomarkers, and telemedicine systems. The goal of these strategic adjustments is to minimize the risk of infection for providers and patients while maintaining standards of care for the treatment of oncologic and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this document is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the management of cardio-oncologic patients with the-state-of-the-art knowledge about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in order to optimize medical strategies during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Bisceglia
- Integrated Cardiology Services, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Cardiology Department, Nuovo Ospedale Versilia Lido Di Camaiore, LU, Italy
| | | | - Iris Parrini
- Cardiology Department, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Russo
- Cardiovascular and Sports Medicine Department, ASUGI Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Cardiology Department, Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Lestuzzi
- Cardiology Department, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Stefano Oliva
- Cardio-Oncology Department, Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiology Department, Grande Osp. Metropol-Bianchi Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarantini
- Cardiology Department, Presidio Ospedaliero. Santa Maria Nuova—AUSL RE IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Cardiology Department, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione “Garibaldi”, Catania, Italy
- Fondazione per il Tuo cuore—Heart Care Foundation, Firenze, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri, ASL Roma 1, Roma, Italy
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30
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Montnach J, Baró I, Charpentier F, De Waard M, Loussouarn G. Modelling sudden cardiac death risks factors in patients with coronavirus disease of 2019: the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin case. Europace 2021; 23:1124-1133. [PMID: 34009333 PMCID: PMC8135857 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide pandemic. Many clinical trials have been initiated to fight the disease. Among those, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had initially been suggested to improve clinical outcomes. Despite any demonstrated beneficial effects, they are still in use in some countries but have been reported to prolong the QT interval and induce life-threatening arrhythmia. Since a significant proportion of the world population may be treated with such COVID-19 therapies, evaluation of the arrhythmogenic risk of any candidate drug is needed. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the O'Hara-Rudy computer model of human ventricular wedge, we evaluate the arrhythmogenic potential of clinical factors that can further alter repolarization in COVID-19 patients in addition to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZM) such as tachycardia, hypokalaemia, and subclinical to mild long QT syndrome. Hydroxychloroquine and AZM drugs have little impact on QT duration and do not induce any substrate prone to arrhythmia in COVID-19 patients with normal cardiac repolarization reserve. Nevertheless, in every tested condition in which this reserve is reduced, the model predicts larger electrocardiogram impairments, as with dofetilide. In subclinical conditions, the model suggests that mexiletine limits the deleterious effects of AZM and HCQ. CONCLUSION By studying the HCQ and AZM co-administration case, we show that the easy-to-use O'Hara-Rudy model can be applied to assess the QT-prolongation potential of off-label drugs, beyond HCQ and AZM, in different conditions representative of COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the potential impact of additional drug used to limit the arrhythmogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Montnach
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Isabelle Baró
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics, Valbonne F-06560, France
| | - Gildas Loussouarn
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes F-44000, France
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31
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Sasidharan S, Singh V, Singh J, Madan GS, Dhillon HS, Dash PK, Shibu B, Dhillon GK. COVID-19 ARDS: A Multispecialty Assessment of Challenges in Care, Review of Research, and Recommendations. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2021; 37:179-195. [PMID: 34349364 PMCID: PMC8289635 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_14_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physicians and care providers are familiar with the management of ARDS, however, when it occurs as a sequalae of COVID-19, it has different features and there remains uncertainty on the consensus of management. To answer this question on how it compares and contrasts with ARDS from other causes, the authors reviewed the published literature and management guidelines as well as their own clinical experience while managing patients with COVID-19 ARDS. For research, a PubMed search was conducted on 01.04.2021 using the systematic review filter to identify articles that were published using MeSH terms COVID-19 and ARDS. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses were selected from a systematic search for literature containing diagnostic, prognostic and management strategies in MEDLINE/PubMed. Those were compared and reviewed to the existing practices by the various treating specialists and recommendations were made. Specifically, the COVID-19 ARDS, its risk factors and pathophysiology, lab diagnosis, radiological findings, rational of recommendation of drugs proposed so far, oxygenation and ventilation strategies and the psychological ramifications of the disease were. discussed. Because of the high mortality in mechanically ventilated patients, the above recommendations and findings direct the potential for improvement in the management of patients with COVID-19 ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Sasidharan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Level III IFH MONUSCO, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Level III IFH MONUSCO, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jaskanwar Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Level III IFH MONUSCO, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gurdarshdeep Singh Madan
- Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, Level III IFH MONUSCO, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Prasanta K Dash
- Department of Pathology, Level III IFH MONUSCO, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Babitha Shibu
- Consultant Radiology, Alchemist Ojas Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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32
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Lane JCE, Weaver J, Kostka K, Duarte-Salles T, Abrahao MTF, Alghoul H, Alser O, Alshammari TM, Areia C, Biedermann P, Banda JM, Burn E, Casajust P, Fister K, Hardin J, Hester L, Hripcsak G, Kaas-Hansen BS, Khosla S, Kolovos S, Lynch KE, Makadia R, Mehta PP, Morales DR, Morgan-Stewart H, Mosseveld M, Newby D, Nyberg F, Ostropolets A, Woong Park R, Prats-Uribe A, Rao GA, Reich C, Rijnbeek P, Sena AG, Shoaibi A, Spotnitz M, Subbian V, Suchard MA, Vizcaya D, Wen H, de Wilde M, Xie J, You SC, Zhang L, Lovestone S, Ryan P, Prieto-Alhambra D. Risk of depression, suicide and psychosis with hydroxychloroquine treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational network cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3222-3234. [PMID: 33367863 PMCID: PMC7798671 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concern has been raised in the rheumatology community regarding recent regulatory warnings that HCQ used in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic could cause acute psychiatric events. We aimed to study whether there is risk of incident depression, suicidal ideation or psychosis associated with HCQ as used for RA. METHODS We performed a new-user cohort study using claims and electronic medical records from 10 sources and 3 countries (Germany, UK and USA). RA patients ≥18 years of age and initiating HCQ were compared with those initiating SSZ (active comparator) and followed up in the short (30 days) and long term (on treatment). Study outcomes included depression, suicide/suicidal ideation and hospitalization for psychosis. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate database-specific calibrated hazard ratios (HRs), with estimates pooled where I2 <40%. RESULTS A total of 918 144 and 290 383 users of HCQ and SSZ, respectively, were included. No consistent risk of psychiatric events was observed with short-term HCQ (compared with SSZ) use, with meta-analytic HRs of 0.96 (95% CI 0.79, 1.16) for depression, 0.94 (95% CI 0.49, 1.77) for suicide/suicidal ideation and 1.03 (95% CI 0.66, 1.60) for psychosis. No consistent long-term risk was seen, with meta-analytic HRs of 0.94 (95% CI 0.71, 1.26) for depression, 0.77 (95% CI 0.56, 1.07) for suicide/suicidal ideation and 0.99 (95% CI 0.72, 1.35) for psychosis. CONCLUSION HCQ as used to treat RA does not appear to increase the risk of depression, suicide/suicidal ideation or psychosis compared with SSZ. No effects were seen in the short or long term. Use at a higher dose or for different indications needs further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with EU PAS (reference no. EUPAS34497; http://www.encepp.eu/encepp/viewResource.htm? id=34498). The full study protocol and analysis source code can be found at https://github.com/ohdsi-studies/Covid19EstimationHydroxychloroquine2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C E Lane
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Weaver
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Heba Alghoul
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Osaid Alser
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Areia
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Casajust
- Real-World Evidence, Trial Form Support, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Kristina Fister
- School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jill Hardin
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Hester
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Skov Kaas-Hansen
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- NNF Centre for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sajan Khosla
- Real World Science & Digital, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Spyros Kolovos
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristine E Lynch
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rupa Makadia
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Paras P Mehta
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R Morales
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Mees Mosseveld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ostropolets
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gowtham A Rao
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Peter Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony G Sena
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azza Shoaibi
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Spotnitz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vignesh Subbian
- College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Departments of Biomathematics and Human Genetics David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, South Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Vizcaya
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Sant Joan Despi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Haini Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Marcel de Wilde
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seng Chan You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Janssen-Cilag, 50-100 Holmers Farm Way, High Wycombe HP12 4EG, UK
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Haghjoo M, Golipra R, Kheirkhah J, Golabchi A, Shahabi J, Oni‐Heris S, Sami R, Tajmirriahi M, Saravi M, Khatami M, Varnasseri M, Kiarsi M, Hejazi SF, Yousefzadeh Rahaghi M, Taherkhani M, Ashraf H, Keshmiri MS, Akbarzadeh MA, Bozorgi A, Mottaghizadeh F, Hedayat B, Heidarali M, Hajhossein Talasaz A. Effect of COVID-19 medications on corrected QT interval and induction of torsade de pointes: Results of a multicenter national survey. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14182. [PMID: 33759318 PMCID: PMC8250253 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are some data showing that repurposed drugs used for the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have potential to increase the risk of QTc prolongation and torsade de pointes (TdP), and these arrhythmic side effects have not been adequately addressed in COVID-19 patients treated with these repurposed medications. METHODS This is the prospective study of 2403 patients hospitalised at 13 hospitals within the COVID-19 epicentres of the Iran. These patients were treated with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, favipiravir and remdesivir alone or in combination with azithromycin. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of critical QTc prolongation, and secondary outcomes were incidences of TdP and death. RESULTS Of the 2403 patients, 2365 met inclusion criteria. The primary outcome of QTc ≥ 500 ms and ∆QTc ≥ 60 ms was observed in 11.2% and 17.6% of the patients, respectively. The secondary outcomes of TdP and death were reported in 0.38% and 9.8% of the patients, respectively. The risk of critical QT prolongation increased in the presence of female gender, history of heart failure, treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin combination therapy, simultaneous furosemide or beta-blocker therapy and acute renal or hepatic dysfunction. However, the risk of TdP was predicted by treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir, simultaneous amiodarone or furosemide administration and hypokalaemia during treatment. CONCLUSION This cohort showed significant QTc prolongation with all COVID-19 medications studied, however, life-threatening arrhythmia of TdP occurred rarely. Among the repurposed drugs studied, hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir alone or in combination with azithromycin clearly demonstrated to increase the risk of critical QT prolongation and/or TdP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Haghjoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research CenterRajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Reza Golipra
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jalal Kheirkhah
- Department of CardiologySchool of MedicineHeshmat HospitalGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
| | - Allahyar Golabchi
- Shahid Beheshti HospitalKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Javad Shahabi
- Heart Failure Research CenterCardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Saeed Oni‐Heris
- Shahid Beheshti HospitalKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Ramin Sami
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Marzieh Tajmirriahi
- Hypertension Research CenterIsfahan Cardiovascular Research InstituteIsfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahanIran
| | - Mehrdad Saravi
- Clinical Research Development UnitSchool of MedicineBabol University of Medical ScienceBabolIran
| | - Mozhdeh Khatami
- Imam Sajad HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesShahryarIran
| | - Mehran Varnasseri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Mohammadreza Kiarsi
- Atherosclerosis Research CenterAhvaz University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | | | | | - Maryam Taherkhani
- Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Haleh Ashraf
- Research Development CenterSina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Keshmiri
- Lung Transplantation Research CenterNational Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Bozorgi
- Tehran Heart CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fateme Mottaghizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behnam Hedayat
- Tehran Heart CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mona Heidarali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on QTc in Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8050055. [PMID: 34068104 PMCID: PMC8152730 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without the concomitant use of azithromycin have been widely used to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on early in vitro studies, despite their potential to prolong the QTc interval of patients. OBJECTIVE This is a systematic review and metanalysis designed to assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine with or without the addition of azithromycin on the QTc of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and MedRxiv databases were reviewed. A random effect model meta-analysis was used, and I-square was used to assess the heterogeneity. The prespecified endpoints were ΔQTc, QTc prolongation > 500 ms and ΔQTc > 60 ms. RESULTS A total of 18 studies and 7179 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The use of hydroxychloroquine with or without the addition of azithromycin was associated with increased QTc when used as part of the management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The combination therapy with hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin was also associated with statistically significant increases in QTc. Moreover, the use of hydroxychloroquine alone, azithromycin alone, or the combination of the two was associated with increased numbers of patients that developed QTc prolongation > 500 ms. CONCLUSION This systematic review and metanalysis revealed that the use of hydroxychloroquine alone or in conjunction with azithromycin was linked to an increase in the QTc interval of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that received these agents.
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Brief review on repurposed drugs and vaccines for possible treatment of COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173977. [PMID: 33639193 PMCID: PMC7905377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has claimed more than a million lives. Various in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies are being conducted to understand the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the cellular metabolism of humans and the various drugs and drug-targets that may be used. In this review, we discuss protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between viral and human proteins as well as viral targets like proteases. We try to understand the molecular mechanism of various repurposed antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2, their combination therapies, drug dosage regimens, and their adverse effects along with possible alternatives like non-toxic antiviral phytochemicals. Ultimately, randomized controlled trials are needed to identify which of these compounds has the required balance of efficacy and safety. We also focus on the recent advancements in diagnostic methods and vaccine candidates developed around the world to fight against Covid-19.
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Tiwari L, Taneja LN, Gupta S. IAP ALS Update on Resuscitation Guidelines During COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:469-475. [PMID: 32980943 PMCID: PMC7519890 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant risk for health care workers. Various steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation involve aerosol-generating procedures and have significant risk of spread of corona virus. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advanced Life Support Basic Life Support (IAP ALS BLS) group had constituted a guideline update team to suggest modifications in existing resuscitation guidelines in view of COVID-19 pandemic. The GRADE approach was used to develop recommendations on shortlisted clinical practice questions on resuscitation during COVID pandemic as modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Tiwari
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
- IAP BLS Group, New Delhi, India.
| | - L N Taneja
- IAP BLS Group, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Max Super Specialty Hospital, IP Extension, Delhi, India
| | - Shalu Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Aksoy N, Sancar M. QT prolongation risk with antiemetics during COVID 19 treatment. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14041. [PMID: 33887871 PMCID: PMC8250287 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Aksoy
- Department of Clinical PharmacyAltinbas UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Mesut Sancar
- Department of Clinical PharmacyMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Esmel-Vilomara R, Dolader P, Sabaté-Rotes A, Soriano-Arandes A, Gran F, Rosés-Noguer F. [QTc interval prolongation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with antiviral drugs]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 96:S1695-4033(21)00177-6. [PMID: 34183281 PMCID: PMC8057733 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many antiviral agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, have been used to treat COVID-19, without being broadly accepted. QTc prolongation is a worrisome adverse effect, scarcely studied in pediatrics. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pediatric patients affected from COVID-19 who received antivirals were matched (1:2) with controls not infected nor exposed. Electrocardiograms were prospectively analyzed at baseline, during the first 72 h in treatment and after 72 h. RESULTS Eleven (22.9%) out of 48 patients admitted due to COVID-19 (March-July 2020) received antiviral therapy. All had underlying diseases: congenital heart disease (4/11; 36.4%) and immunosuppression (3/11; 27.3%) stand out. 5/11 (45.5%) received treatment at baseline with a potential effect on QTc. There where no differences observed in the baseline QTc between cases and controls: 414.8 ms (49.2) vs. 416.5 ms (29.4) (p = 0.716). Baseline long QT was observed in 2/11 cases and 2/22. Among cases, 10/11 (90.9%) received hydroxychloroquine, mainly associated with azithromycin (8/11; 72.7%), 3 received lopinavir/ritonavir and one remdesivir. The median increase in QTc after 72 h under treatment was 28.9 ms (IQR 48.7) (p = 0.062). 4/11 (36.4%) patients had a long QTc at 72 h, resulting in 3 patients ≥500 ms; treatment was stopped in one (QTc 510 ms) but ventricular arrhythmias were not documented. CONCLUSIONS The use of antivirals caused an increase on the QTc interval after 72 h of treatment, being the QTc long in 36.3% of the patients, although no arrhythmic events were observed. The use of hydroxychloroquine and antivirals requires active QTc monitoring and it is recommended to discontinue treatment if QTc >500 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Esmel-Vilomara
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Paola Dolader
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Anna Sabaté-Rotes
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Unidad de Patología Infecciosa e Inmunodeficiencias Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Ferran Gran
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Ferran Rosés-Noguer
- Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España; Paediatric Cardiology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Londres, UK.
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Baburaj G, Thomas L, Rao M. Potential Drug Interactions of Repurposed COVID-19 Drugs with Lung Cancer Pharmacotherapies. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:261-269. [PMID: 33257051 PMCID: PMC7670900 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer patients are at heightened risk for developing COVID-19 infection as well as complications due to multiple risk factors such as underlying malignancy, anti-cancer treatment induced immunosuppression, additional comorbidities and history of smoking. Recent literatures have reported a significant proportion of lung cancer patients coinfected with COVID-19. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, oseltamivir, remdesivir, favipiravir, and umifenovir represent the major repurposed drugs used as potential experimental agents for COVID-19 whereas azithromycin, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, sarilumab, famotidine and ceftriaxone are some of the supporting agents that are under investigation for COVID-19 management. The rationale of this review is to identify potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occurring in lung cancer patients receiving lung cancer medications and repurposed COVID-19 drugs using Micromedex and additional literatures. This review has identified several potential DDIs that could occur with the concomitant treatments of COVID-19 repurposed drugs and lung cancer medications. This information may be utilized by the healthcare professionals for screening and identifying potential DDIs with adverse outcomes, based on their severity and documentation levels and consequently design prophylactic and management strategies for their prevention. Identification, reporting and management of DDIs and dissemination of related information should be a major consideration in the delivery of lung cancer care during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic for better patient outcomes and updating guidelines for safer prescribing practices in this coinfected condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Baburaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Levin Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Choi BJ, Koo Y, Kim TY, Chung WY, Jung YJ, Park JE, Lim HS, Park B, Yoon D. Risk of QT prolongation through drug interactions between hydroxychloroquine and concomitant drugs prescribed in real world practice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6918. [PMID: 33767276 PMCID: PMC7994840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine has recently received attention as a treatment for COVID-19. However, it may prolong the QTc interval. Furthermore, when hydroxychloroquine is administered concomitantly with other drugs, it can exacerbate the risk of QT prolongation. Nevertheless, the risk of QT prolongation due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between hydroxychloroquine and concomitant medications has not yet been identified. To evaluate the risk of QT prolongation due to DDIs between hydroxychloroquine and 118 concurrent drugs frequently used in real-world practice, we analyzed the electrocardiogram results obtained for 447,632 patients and their relevant electronic health records in a tertiary teaching hospital in Korea from 1996 to 2018. We repeated the case–control analysis for each drug. In each analysis, we performed multiple logistic regression and calculated the odds ratio (OR) for each target drug, hydroxychloroquine, and the interaction terms between those two drugs. The DDIs were observed in 12 drugs (trimebutine, tacrolimus, tramadol, rosuvastatin, cyclosporin, sulfasalazine, rofecoxib, diltiazem, piperacillin/tazobactam, isoniazid, clarithromycin, and furosemide), all with a p value of < 0.05 (OR 1.70–17.85). In conclusion, we found 12 drugs that showed DDIs with hydroxychloroquine in the direction of increasing QT prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeryung Koo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Wou Young Chung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Jung
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seok Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dukyong Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Yee SW, Vora B, Oskotsky T, Zou L, Jakobsen S, Enogieru OJ, Koleske ML, Kosti I, Rödin M, Sirota M, Giacomini KM. Drugs in COVID-19 Clinical Trials: Predicting Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions Using In Vitro Assays and Real-World Data. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:108-122. [PMID: 33759449 PMCID: PMC8217266 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous drugs are currently under accelerated clinical investigation for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); however, well‐established safety and efficacy data for these drugs are limited. The goal of this study was to predict the potential of 25 small molecule drugs in clinical trials for COVID‐19 to cause clinically relevant drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), which could lead to potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with the use of concomitant medications. We focused on 11 transporters, which are targets for DDIs. In vitro potency studies in membrane vesicles or HEK293 cells expressing the transporters coupled with DDI risk assessment methods revealed that 20 of the 25 drugs met the criteria from regulatory authorities to trigger consideration of a DDI clinical trial. Analyses of real‐world data from electronic health records, including a database representing nearly 120,000 patients with COVID‐19, were consistent with several of the drugs causing transporter‐mediated DDIs (e.g., sildenafil, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine). This study suggests that patients with COVID‐19, who are often older and on various concomitant medications, should be carefully monitored for ADRs. Future clinical studies are needed to determine whether the drugs that are predicted to inhibit transporters at clinically relevant concentrations, actually result in DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bianca Vora
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Jakobsen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Osatohanmwen J Enogieru
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Megan L Koleske
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Idit Kosti
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mattias Rödin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Yiangou L, Davis RP, Mummery CL. Using Cardiovascular Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for COVID-19 Research: Why the Heart Fails. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:385-397. [PMID: 33306986 PMCID: PMC7833904 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that became a pandemic in 2020, causing more than 30 million infections and 1 million deaths to date. As the scientific community has looked for vaccines and drugs to treat or eliminate the virus, unexpected features of the disease have emerged. Apart from respiratory complications, cardiovascular disease has emerged as a major indicator of poor prognosis in COVID-19. It has therefore become of utmost importance to understand how SARS-CoV-2 damages the heart. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cardiovascular derivatives were rapidly recognized as an invaluable tool to address this, not least because one of the major receptors for the virus is not recognized by SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Here, we outline how hPSC-derived cardiovascular cells have been utilized to study COVID-19, and their potential for further understanding the cardiac pathology and in therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Tejada Cifuentes F, Lloret Callejo Á, Tirado Peláez MJ, Rubio Pulido O, Ruiz-Morote Aragón M, Fernández Urrusuno R, Muñoz Carreras MI, Méndez Esteban MI, Maestre Sánchez V, García Bonilla A, Paredero Dominguez JM, Arroyo Pineda V, Marco Tejón E, Romero Candel G, Fernández Marchante AI, Marco Del Rio J, Ortiz Martín T, López Sánchez P. Incidence of COVID-19 in patients under chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 156:166-171. [PMID: 33521293 PMCID: PMC7825965 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the incidence of Covid-19 in patients who are chronic users of hydroxychloroquine. Patients and methods Cross-sectional retrospective observational multicenter study in health areas and districts from Castilla La-Mancha and Andalucia. Of the 4451 participants included in the first recruitment, 3817 with valid data were selected. The main variable of the study is the presence or absence of Covid-19 infection by clinical, serological or polymerase chain reaction diagnosis. Sociodemographic and clinical variables and treatment and concomitant comorbidities were recorded. Results 169 (4,45%) patients had Covid-19 infection, of which 12 (7.1 %) died and 32 (18.9%) required hospital admission. Previous respiratory pathology was related to Covid-19 infection (P < .05). Maculopathy appears in 5.3% of patients and is significantly related to the dose of hydroxychloroquine consumed (P < .05). Conclusion There is no relationship between chronic use of hydroxychloroquine and the incidence of Covid-19.
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Telbisz Á, Ambrus C, Mózner O, Szabó E, Várady G, Bakos É, Sarkadi B, Özvegy-Laczka C. Interactions of Potential Anti-COVID-19 Compounds with Multispecific ABC and OATP Drug Transporters. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010081. [PMID: 33435273 PMCID: PMC7827085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, several repurposed drugs have been proposed to alleviate the major health effects of the disease. These drugs are often applied with analgesics or non-steroid anti-inflammatory compounds, and co-morbid patients may also be treated with anticancer, cholesterol-lowering, or antidiabetic agents. Since drug ADME-tox properties may be significantly affected by multispecific transporters, in this study, we examined the interactions of the repurposed drugs with the key human multidrug transporters present in the major tissue barriers and strongly affecting the pharmacokinetics. Our in vitro studies, using a variety of model systems, explored the interactions of the antimalarial agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; the antihelmintic ivermectin; and the proposed antiviral compounds ritonavir, lopinavir, favipiravir, and remdesivir with the ABCB1/Pgp, ABCG2/BCRP, and ABCC1/MRP1 exporters, as well as the organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2 uptake transporters. The results presented here show numerous pharmacologically relevant transporter interactions and may provide a warning on the potential toxicities of these repurposed drugs, especially in drug combinations at the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Telbisz
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
| | - Csilla Ambrus
- SOLVO Biotechnology, Irinyi József Street 4-20, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Mózner
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (C.Ö.-L.)
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.T.); (O.M.); (E.S.); (G.V.); (É.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (C.Ö.-L.)
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Gasperetti A, Biffi M, Duru F, Schiavone M, Ziacchi M, Mitacchione G, Lavalle C, Saguner A, Lanfranchi A, Casalini G, Tocci M, Fabbricatore D, Salghetti F, Mariani MV, Busana M, Bellia A, Cogliati CB, Viale P, Antinori S, Galli M, Galiè N, Tondo C, Forleo GB. Arrhythmic safety of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients from different clinical settings. Europace 2021; 22:1855-1863. [PMID: 32971536 PMCID: PMC7543547 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of the study was to describe ECG modifications and arrhythmic events in COVID-19 patients undergoing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy in different clinical settings. Methods and results COVID-19 patients at seven institutions receiving HCQ therapy from whom a baseline and at least one ECG at 48+ h were available were enrolled in the study. QT/QTc prolongation, QT-associated and QT-independent arrhythmic events, arrhythmic mortality, and overall mortality during HCQ therapy were assessed. A total of 649 COVID-19 patients (61.9 ± 18.7 years, 46.1% males) were enrolled. HCQ therapy was administrated as a home therapy regimen in 126 (19.4%) patients, and as an in-hospital-treatment to 495 (76.3%) hospitalized and 28 (4.3%) intensive care unit (ICU) patients. At 36–72 and at 96+ h after the first HCQ dose, 358 and 404 ECGs were obtained, respectively. A significant QT/QTc interval prolongation was observed (P < 0.001), but the magnitude of the increase was modest [+13 (9–16) ms]. Baseline QT/QTc length and presence of fever (P = 0.001) at admission represented the most important determinants of QT/QTc prolongation. No arrhythmic-related deaths were reported. The overall major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.1%), with all events found not to be related to QT or HCQ therapy at a centralized event evaluation. No differences in QT/QTc prolongation and QT-related arrhythmias were observed across different clinical settings, with non-QT-related arrhythmias being more common in the intensive care setting. Conclusion HCQ administration is safe for a short-term treatment for patients with COVID-19 infection regardless of the clinical setting of delivery, causing only modest QTc prolongation and no directly attributable arrhythmic deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gasperetti
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Firat Duru
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Schiavone
- Department of Cardiology, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mitacchione
- Department of Cardiology, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Lavalle
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ardan Saguner
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanfranchi
- Department of Cardiology, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Casalini
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Tocci
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mattia Busana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pierluigi Viale
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Galiè
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Forleo
- Department of Cardiology, ASST-Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mejorar la prevención de la trombosis y las complicaciones cardiovasculares durante la pandemia de COVID-19. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE CARDIOLOGÍA SUPLEMENTOS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8320271 DOI: 10.1016/s1131-3587(21)00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Las complicaciones cardiovasculares son frecuentes en el paciente con la enfermedad coronavírica de 2019 (COVID-19), y se asocian con una mayor mortalidad. Entre las complicaciones cardiovasculares, destacan el síndrome coronario agudo, el daño miocárdico agudo (elevación de troponinas con coronarias normales), arritmias (principalmente fibrilación auricular y arritmias ventriculares), insuficiencia cardiaca, pericarditis/derrame pericárdico y complicaciones tromboembólicas (tromboembolia arterial y venosa, trombosis microvascular, embolia pulmonar, ictus). Por lo tanto, uno de los objetivos del tratamiento del paciente con COVID-19, sobre todo en sus formas más graves, es la prevención de las complicaciones cardiovasculares y trombóticas, lo que sin duda tendría un impacto positivo en el pronóstico de estos pacientes. Fuera de este contexto, los resultados provenientes tanto de ensayos clínicos como de estudios en la práctica clínica muestran que el rivaroxabán es eficaz y seguro en todo el espectro de la enfermedad cardiovascular (fibrilación auricular, enfermedad tromboembólica venosa y enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica), por lo que podría aportar un valor añadido en la prevención de las complicaciones trombóticas y cardiovasculares durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
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47
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Long B, Brady WJ, Bridwell RE, Ramzy M, Montrief T, Singh M, Gottlieb M. Electrocardiographic manifestations of COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 41:96-103. [PMID: 33412365 PMCID: PMC7771377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease can impact the cardiovascular system and lead to abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG) findings. Emergency clinicians must be aware of the ECG manifestations of COVID-19. Objective This narrative review outlines the pathophysiology and electrocardiographic findings associated with COVID-19. Discussion COVID-19 is a potentially critical illness associated with a variety of ECG abnormalities, with up to 90% of critically ill patients demonstrating at least one abnormality. The ECG abnormalities in COVID-19 may be due to cytokine storm, hypoxic injury, electrolyte abnormalities, plaque rupture, coronary spasm, microthrombi, or direct endothelial or myocardial injury. While sinus tachycardia is the most common abnormality, others include supraventricular tachycardias such as atrial fibrillation or flutter, ventricular arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, various bradycardias, interval and axis changes, and ST segment and T wave changes. Several ECG presentations are associated with poor outcome, including atrial fibrillation, QT interval prolongation, ST segment and T wave changes, and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. Conclusions This review summarizes the relevant ECG findings associated with COVID-19. Knowledge of these findings in COVID-19-related electrocardiographic presentations may assist emergency clinicians in the evaluation and management of potentially infected and infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Long
- Assistant Program Director - Research, SAUSHEC, Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, United States of America.
| | - William J Brady
- Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America.
| | - Rachel E Bridwell
- SAUSHEC, Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Mark Ramzy
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Tim Montrief
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Ultrasound Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Koc M, Sumbul HE, Gulumsek E, Koca H, Bulut Y, Karakoc E, Turunc T, Bayrak E, Ozturk HA, Aslan MZ, Demirtas AO, Icen YK. Disease Severity Affects Ventricular Repolarization Parameters in Patients With COVID-19. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:907-913. [PMID: 33295455 PMCID: PMC8452192 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento: Não há estudos avaliando o intervalo Tpico-Tfim (Tpe), a relação Tpe/QT e a relação Tpe/QTc para avaliar arritmias cardíacas em pacientes com COVID-19. Objetivo: Visamos investigar se há alterações nos intervalos QT, QTc e Tpe e nas relações Tpe/QT e Tpe/QTc em pacientes com COVID-19. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 90 pacientes com infecção por COVID-19 e 30 controles saudáveis pareados por sexo e idade. Foram aferidos os intervalos QT, QTc e Tpe e as relações Tpe/QT e Tpe/QTc. Os participantes incluídos no estudo foram divididos nos seguintes 4 grupos: controles saudáveis (grupo I), pacientes com COVID-19 sem pneumonia (grupo II), pacientes com COVID-19 e pneumonia leve (grupo III) e pacientes com COVID-19 e pneumonia grave (grupo IV). Significância estatística foi definida por valor p < 0,05. Resultados: Verificou-se que a frequência cardíaca basal, a presença de hipertensão e diabetes, a contagem de leucócitos, o nitrogênio ureico no sangue, a creatinina, o potássio, o aspartato aminotransferase, a alanina aminotransferase, o NT-proBNP, a proteína C reativa de alta sensibilidade, o dímero-D, a TncI-as, o intervalo Tpe, a relação Tpe/QT e a relação Tpe/QTc aumentaram do grupo I para o grupo IV e foram significativamente mais altos em todos os pacientes do grupo IV (p < 0,05). A pressão arterial sistólica, a hemoglobina e os níveis de cálcio eram menores no grupo IV e significativamente menores em comparação com os demais grupos (< 0,05). Os intervalos QT e QTc eram semelhantes entre grupos. Determinou-se que os níveis elevados de frequência cardíaca, cálcio, dímero-D, NT-proBNP e PCR-as eram significativamente relacionados a Tpe, Tpe/QT e Tpe/QTc. Conclusões: Em pacientes com COVID-19 e pneumonia grave, o intervalo Tpe, a relação Tpe/QT e a relação Tpe/QTc, que estão entre os parâmetros de repolarização ventricular, foram aumentados, sem prolongação dos intervalos QT e QTc. A partir deste estudo, não podemos definitivamente concluir que as alterações eletrocardiográficas observadas estão diretamente relacionadas à infecção por COVID-19 ou à inflamação, mas sim associadas a cenários graves de COVID-19, que podem envolver outras causas de inflamação e comorbidades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevlut Koc
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Hilmi Erdem Sumbul
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | - Erdinc Gulumsek
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | - Hasan Koca
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
| | - Yurdaer Bulut
- Cukurova University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | - Emre Karakoc
- Cukurova University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | - Tuba Turunc
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Infectious Disease, Adana - Turquia
| | - Edip Bayrak
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Infectious Disease, Adana - Turquia
| | - Huseyin Ali Ozturk
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | - Muhammed Zubeyir Aslan
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Internal Medicine, Adana - Turquia
| | | | - Yahya Kemal Icen
- Adana Health Practice and Research Center - Department of Cardiology, Adana - Turquia
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Absence of relevant QT interval prolongation in not critically ill COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21417. [PMID: 33293554 PMCID: PMC7722753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly evolving pandemic causing great morbimortality. Medical therapy with hydroxicloroquine, azitromycin and protease inhibitors is being empirically used, with reported data of QTc interval prolongation. Our aim is to assess QT interval behaviour in a not critically ill and not monitored cohort of patients. We evaluated admitted and ambulatory patients with COVID-19 patients with 12 lead electrocardiogram at 48 h after treatment initiation. Other clinical and analytical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the QT interval prolongation under treatment and to identify clinical, analytical and electrocardiographic risk markers of QT prolongation independent predictors. We included 219 patients (mean age of 63.6 ± 17.4 years, 48.9% were women and 16.4% were outpatients. The median baseline QTc was 416 ms (IQR 404–433), and after treatment QTc was prolonged to 423 ms (405–438) (P < 0.001), with an average increase of 1.8%. Most of the patients presented a normal QTc under treatment, with only 31 cases (14.1%) showing a QTc interval > 460 ms, and just one case with QTc > 500 ms. Advanced age, longer QTc basal at the basal ECG and lower potassium levels were independent predictors of QTc interval prolongation. Ambulatory and not critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and/or antiretrovirals develop a significant, but not relevant, QT interval prolongation.
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Mikuls TR, Johnson SR, Fraenkel L, Arasaratnam RJ, Baden LR, Bermas BL, Chatham W, Cohen S, Costenbader K, Gravallese EM, Kalil AC, Weinblatt ME, Winthrop K, Mudano AS, Turner A, Saag KG. American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Rheumatic Disease in Adult Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 3. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:e1-e12. [PMID: 33277981 DOI: 10.1002/art.41596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidance to rheumatology providers on the management of adult rheumatic disease in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A task force, including 10 rheumatologists and 4 infectious disease specialists from North America, was convened. Clinical questions were collated, and an evidence report was rapidly generated and disseminated. Questions and drafted statements were reviewed and assessed using a modified Delphi process. This included asynchronous anonymous voting by email and webinars with the entire panel. Task force members voted on agreement with draft statements using a 1-9-point numerical scoring system, and consensus was determined to be low, moderate, or high based on the dispersion of votes. For approval, median votes were required to meet predefined levels of agreement (median values of 7-9, 4-6, and 1-3 defined as agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement, respectively) with either moderate or high levels of consensus. RESULTS Draft guidance statements approved by the task force have been combined to form final guidance. CONCLUSION These guidance statements are provided to promote optimal care during the current pandemic. However, given the low level of available evidence and the rapidly evolving literature, this guidance is presented as a "living document," and future updates are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted R Mikuls
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska and VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- Berkshire Health Systems, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy Turner
- American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta, Georgia
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