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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20230444. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dababneh S, Hamledari H, Maaref Y, Jayousi F, Hosseini DB, Khan A, Jannati S, Jabbari K, Arslanova A, Butt M, Roston TM, Sanatani S, Tibbits GF. Advances in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Disease Modelling Using hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:766-776. [PMID: 37952715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their capacity to be differentiated into beating human cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro has revolutionized human disease modelling, genotype-phenotype predictions, and therapeutic testing. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiomyopathy and the leading known cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young adults and athletes. On a molecular level, HCM is often driven by single pathogenic genetic variants, usually in sarcomeric proteins, that can alter the mechanical, electrical, signalling, and transcriptional properties of the cell. A deeper knowledge of these alterations is critical to better understanding HCM manifestation, progression, and treatment. Leveraging hiPSC-CMs to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving HCM presents a unique opportunity to dissect the consequences of genetic variants in a sophisticated and controlled manner. In this review, we summarize the molecular underpinnings of HCM and the role of hiPSC-CM studies in advancing our understanding, and we highlight the advances in hiPSC-CM-based modelling of HCM, including maturation, contractility, multiomics, and genome editing, with the notable exception of electrophysiology, which has been previously covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Dababneh
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Homa Hamledari
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yasaman Maaref
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Farah Jayousi
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dina B Hosseini
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aasim Khan
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shayan Jannati
- Faculty of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kosar Jabbari
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alia Arslanova
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mariam Butt
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas M Roston
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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3
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Friedman CE, Fayer S, Pendyala S, Chien WM, Loiben A, Tran L, Chao LS, McKinstry A, Ahmed D, Farris SD, Stempien-Otero A, Jonlin EC, Murry CE, Starita LM, Fowler DM, Yang KC. Multiplexed Functional Assessments of MYH7 Variants in Human Cardiomyocytes. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004377. [PMID: 38362799 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic autosomal-dominant missense variants in MYH7 (myosin heavy chain 7), which encodes the sarcomeric protein (β-MHC [beta myosin heavy chain]) expressed in cardiac and skeletal myocytes, are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and are clinically actionable. However, ≈75% of MYH7 missense variants are of unknown significance. While human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes to enable the interrogation of MYH7 variant effect in a disease-relevant context, deep mutational scanning has not been executed using diploid hiPSC derivates due to low hiPSC gene-editing efficiency. Moreover, multiplexable phenotypes enabling deep mutational scanning of MYH7 variant hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are unknown. METHODS To overcome these obstacles, we used CRISPRa On-Target Editing Retrieval enrichment to generate an hiPSC library containing 113 MYH7 codon variants suitable for deep mutational scanning. We first established that β-MHC protein loss occurs in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy human heart with a pathogenic MYH7 variant. We then differentiated the MYH7 missense variant hiPSC library to cardiomyocytes for multiplexed assessment of β-MHC variant abundance by massively parallel sequencing and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte survival. RESULTS Both the multiplexed assessment of β-MHC abundance and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte survival accurately segregated all known pathogenic variants from synonymous variants. Functional data were generated for 4 variants of unknown significance and 58 additional MYH7 missense variants not yet detected in patients. CONCLUSIONS This study leveraged hiPSC differentiation into disease-relevant cardiomyocytes to enable multiplexed assessments of MYH7 missense variants for the first time. Phenotyping strategies used here enable the application of deep mutational scanning to clinically actionable genes, which should reduce the burden of variants of unknown significance on patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Shawn Fayer
- Department of Genome Sciences (S.F., S.P., L.M.S., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sriram Pendyala
- Department of Genome Sciences (S.F., S.P., L.M.S., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA (W.-M.C., S.D.F., K.-C.Y.)
| | - Alexander Loiben
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Linda Tran
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Leslie S Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ashley McKinstry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Dania Ahmed
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Stephen D Farris
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA (W.-M.C., S.D.F., K.-C.Y.)
| | - April Stempien-Otero
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Erica C Jonlin
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
| | - Charles E Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (C.E.M.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Bioengineering (C.E.M., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lea M Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences (S.F., S.P., L.M.S., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA (L.M.S., D.M.F.)
| | - Douglas M Fowler
- Department of Genome Sciences (S.F., S.P., L.M.S., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Bioengineering (C.E.M., D.M.F.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA (L.M.S., D.M.F.)
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., E.C.J., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y), University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (C.E.F., W.-M.C., A.L., L.T., L.S.C., A.M., D.A., S.D.F., A.S.-O., C.E.M., K.-C.Y.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS, Seattle, WA (W.-M.C., S.D.F., K.-C.Y.)
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Garg A, Lavine KJ, Greenberg MJ. Assessing Cardiac Contractility From Single Molecules to Whole Hearts. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:414-439. [PMID: 38559627 PMCID: PMC10978360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fundamentally, the heart needs to generate sufficient force and power output to dynamically meet the needs of the body. Cardiomyocytes contain specialized structures referred to as sarcomeres that power and regulate contraction. Disruption of sarcomeric function or regulation impairs contractility and leads to cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Basic, translational, and clinical studies have adapted numerous methods to assess cardiac contraction in a variety of pathophysiological contexts. These tools measure aspects of cardiac contraction at different scales ranging from single molecules to whole organisms. Moreover, these studies have revealed new pathogenic mechanisms of heart disease leading to the development of novel therapies targeting contractility. In this review, the authors explore the breadth of tools available for studying cardiac contractile function across scales, discuss their strengths and limitations, highlight new insights into cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, and describe how these insights can be harnessed for therapeutic candidate development and translational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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5
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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6
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Zhang F, Zhou H, Xue J, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Leng J, Fang G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Wu Y, Qi L, Duan R, He X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li L, Yang J, Liang D, Chen YH. Deficiency of Transcription Factor Sp1 Contributes to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2024; 134:290-306. [PMID: 38197258 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent monogenic heart disorder. However, the pathogenesis of HCM, especially its nongenetic mechanisms, remains largely unclear. Transcription factors are known to be involved in various biological processes including cell growth. We hypothesized that SP1 (specificity protein 1), the first purified TF in mammals, plays a role in the cardiomyocyte growth and cardiac hypertrophy of HCM. METHODS Cardiac-specific conditional knockout of Sp1 mice were constructed to investigate the role of SP1 in the heart. The echocardiography, histochemical experiment, and transmission electron microscope were performed to analyze the cardiac phenotypes of cardiac-specific conditional knockout of Sp1 mice. RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and adeno-associated virus experiments in vivo were performed to explore the downstream molecules of SP1. To examine the therapeutic effect of SP1 on HCM, an SP1 overexpression vector was constructed and injected into the mutant allele of Myh6 R404Q/+ (Myh6 c. 1211C>T) HCM mice. The human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a patient with HCM were used to detect the potential therapeutic effects of SP1 in human HCM. RESULTS The cardiac-specific conditional knockout of Sp1 mice developed a typical HCM phenotype, displaying overt myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and disordered myofilament. In addition, Sp1 knockdown dramatically increased the cell area of hiPSC-CMs and caused intracellular myofibrillar disorganization, which was similar to the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes of HCM. Mechanistically, Tuft1 was identified as the key target gene of SP1. The hypertrophic phenotypes induced by Sp1 knockdown in both hiPSC-CMs and mice could be rescued by TUFT1 (tuftelin 1) overexpression. Furthermore, SP1 overexpression suppressed the development of HCM in the mutant allele of Myh6 R404Q/+ mice and also reversed the hypertrophic phenotype of HCM hiPSC-CMs. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that SP1 deficiency leads to HCM. SP1 overexpression exhibits significant therapeutic effects on both HCM mice and HCM hiPSC-CMs, suggesting that SP1 could be a potential intervention target for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Huixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jinfeng Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine (J.X., L.Q.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Junwei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Guojian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, China (Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, Yan Wang)
| | - Yan Wang
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, China (Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, Yan Wang)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yahan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine (J.X., L.Q.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jinzhou Medical University, China (Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, Yan Wang)
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (L.L., J.Y., Y.-H.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (L.L., J.Y., Y.-H.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.)
| | - Dandan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmias Research Center (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., Yuanyuan Liu, Y. Wang, H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., Yi Liu, L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Cardiology (F.Z., H.Z., Y.Z., L.Z., J.L., G.F., H.L., Y. Wu, R.D., X.H., L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.), Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology (L.L., J.Y., Y.-H.C.), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.L., J.Y., D.L., Y.-H.C.)
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7
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Shiba N, Yang X, Sato M, Kadota S, Suzuki Y, Agata M, Nagamine K, Izumi M, Honda Y, Koganehira T, Kobayashi H, Ichimura H, Chuma S, Nakai J, Tohyama S, Fukuda K, Miyazaki D, Nakamura A, Shiba Y. Efficacy of exon-skipping therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy with mutations in actin binding domain 1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102060. [PMID: 38028197 PMCID: PMC10654596 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Exon-skipping therapy is a promising treatment strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, leading to progressive cardiomyopathy. In-frame deletion of exons 3-9 (Δ3-9), manifesting a very mild clinical phenotype, is a potential targeted reading frame for exon-skipping by targeting actin-binding domain 1 (ABD1); however, the efficacy of this approach for DMD cardiomyopathy remains uncertain. In this study, we compared three isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) expressing Δ3-9, frameshifting Δ3-7, or intact DMD. RNA sequencing revealed a resemblance in the expression patterns of mechano-transduction-related genes between Δ3-9 and wild-type samples. Furthermore, we observed similar electrophysiological properties between Δ3-9 and wild-type hiPSC-CMs; Δ3-7 hiPSC-CMs showed electrophysiological alterations with accelerated CaMKII activation. Consistently, Δ3-9 hiPSC-CMs expressed substantial internally truncated dystrophin protein, resulting in maintaining F-actin binding and desmin retention. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting exon 8 efficiently induced skipping exons 8-9 to restore functional dystrophin and electrophysiological parameters in Δ3-7 hiPSC-CMs, bringing the cell characteristics closer to those of Δ3-9 hiPSC-CMs. Collectively, exon-skipping targeting ABD1 to convert the reading frame to Δ3-9 may become a promising therapy for DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsuto Sato
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin Kadota
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yota Suzuki
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masahiro Agata
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagamine
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masaki Izumi
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honda
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomoya Koganehira
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hajime Ichimura
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Chuma
- Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakai
- Graduate Schools of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daigo Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Matsumoto Medical Center, Matsumoto 399-8701, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiba
- Department of Regenerative Science and Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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8
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Shafaattalab S, Li AY, Jayousi F, Maaref Y, Dababneh S, Hamledari H, Baygi DH, Barszczewski T, Ruprai B, Jannati S, Nagalingam R, Cool AM, Langa P, Chiao M, Roston T, Solaro RJ, Sanatani S, Toepfer C, Lindert S, Lange P, Tibbits GF. Mechanisms of Pathogenicity of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Associated Troponin T (TNNT2) Variant R278C +/- During Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.06.542948. [PMID: 37609317 PMCID: PMC10441323 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.06.542948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common heritable cardiovascular diseases and variants of TNNT2 (cardiac troponin T) are linked to increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest despite causing limited hypertrophy. In this study, a TNNT2 variant, R278C+/-, was generated in both human cardiac recombinant/reconstituted thin filaments (hcRTF) and human- induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to investigate the mechanisms by which the R278C+/- variant affects cardiomyocytes at the proteomic and functional levels. The results of proteomics analysis showed a significant upregulation of markers of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in R278C+/- vs. the isogenic control. Functional measurements showed that R278C+/- variant enhances the myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+, increases the kinetics of contraction, and causes arrhythmia at frequencies >75 bpm. This study uniquely shows the profound impact of the TNNT2 R278C+/- variant on the cardiomyocyte proteomic profile, cardiac electrical and contractile function in the early stages of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Shafaattalab
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alison Y Li
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Farah Jayousi
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yasaman Maaref
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Saif Dababneh
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Homa Hamledari
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dina Hosseini Baygi
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tiffany Barszczewski
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Balwinder Ruprai
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shayan Jannati
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Raghu Nagalingam
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Austin M Cool
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mu Chiao
- Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Thomas Roston
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, The University of British Columbia 1081 Burrard Street, Level 4 Cardiology Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | | | - Steffen Lindert
- Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Philipp Lange
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Cellular and Regenerative Medicine Centre, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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9
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Robinson P, Sparrow AJ, Psaras Y, Steeples V, Simon JN, Broyles CN, Chang YF, Brook FA, Wang YJ, Blease A, Zhang X, Abassi YA, Geeves MA, Toepfer CN, Watkins H, Redwood C, Daniels MJ. Comparing the effects of chemical Ca 2+ dyes and R-GECO on contractility and Ca 2+ transients in adult and human iPSC cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 180:44-57. [PMID: 37127261 PMCID: PMC10659987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We compared commonly used BAPTA-derived chemical Ca2+ dyes (fura2, Fluo-4, and Rhod-2) with a newer genetically encoded indicator (R-GECO) in single cell models of the heart. We assessed their performance and effects on cardiomyocyte contractility, determining fluorescent signal-to-noise ratios and sarcomere shortening in primary ventricular myocytes from adult mouse and guinea pig, and in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Chemical Ca2+ dyes displayed dose-dependent contractile impairment in all cell types, and we observed a negative correlation between contraction and fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio, particularly for fura2 and Fluo-4. R-GECO had no effect on sarcomere shortening. BAPTA-based dyes, but not R-GECO, inhibited in vitro acto-myosin ATPase activity. The presence of fura2 accentuated or diminished changes in contractility and Ca2+ handling caused by small molecule modulators of contractility and intracellular ionic homeostasis (mavacamten, levosimendan, and flecainide), but this was not observed when using R-GECO in adult guinea pig left ventricular cardiomyocytes. Ca2+ handling studies are necessary for cardiotoxicity assessments of small molecules intended for clinical use. Caution should be exercised when interpreting small molecule studies assessing contractile effects and Ca2+ transients derived from BAPTA-like chemical Ca2+ dyes in cellular assays, a common platform for cardiac toxicology testing and mechanistic investigation of cardiac disease physiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alexander J Sparrow
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiangos Psaras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Violetta Steeples
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Connor N Broyles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frances A Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Blease
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Agilent Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher N Toepfer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Daniels
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiology, Oxford University NHS Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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10
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Eisen B, Binah O. Modeling Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiomyopathy with Patients' Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108657. [PMID: 37240001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked progressive muscle degenerative disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in death by the end of the third decade of life at the latest. A key aspect of the DMD clinical phenotype is dilated cardiomyopathy, affecting virtually all patients by the end of the second decade of life. Furthermore, despite respiratory complications still being the leading cause of death, with advancements in medical care in recent years, cardiac involvement has become an increasing cause of mortality. Over the years, extensive research has been conducted using different DMD animal models, including the mdx mouse. While these models present certain important similarities to human DMD patients, they also have some differences which pose a challenge to researchers. The development of somatic cell reprograming technology has enabled generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) which can be differentiated into different cell types. This technology provides a potentially endless pool of human cells for research. Furthermore, hiPSCs can be generated from patients, thus providing patient-specific cells and enabling research tailored to different mutations. DMD cardiac involvement has been shown in animal models to include changes in gene expression of different proteins, abnormal cellular Ca2+ handling, and other aberrations. To gain a better understanding of the disease mechanisms, it is imperative to validate these findings in human cells. Furthermore, with the recent advancements in gene-editing technology, hiPSCs provide a valuable platform for research and development of new therapies including the possibility of regenerative medicine. In this article, we review the DMD cardiac-related research performed so far using human hiPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) carrying DMD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyamin Eisen
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Binah
- Cardiac Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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11
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Li ZH, Wang J, Xu JP, Wang J, Yang X. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in cardiovascular research. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:12. [PMID: 36895064 PMCID: PMC9999643 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of genome editing technology has brought major breakthroughs in the fields of life science and medicine. In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing toolbox has been greatly expanded, not only with emerging CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) nucleases, but also novel applications through combination with diverse effectors. Recently, transposon-associated programmable RNA-guided genome editing systems have been uncovered, adding myriads of potential new tools to the genome editing toolbox. CRISPR-based genome editing technology has also revolutionized cardiovascular research. Here we first summarize the advances involving newly identified Cas orthologs, engineered variants and novel genome editing systems, and then discuss the applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems in precise genome editing, such as base editing and prime editing. We also highlight recent progress in cardiovascular research using CRISPR-based genome editing technologies, including the generation of genetically modified in vitro and animal models of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as the applications in treating different types of CVD. Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of genome editing technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jing-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.,Yaneng BIOScience (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
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12
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Zhu K, Bao X, Wang Y, Lu T, Zhang L. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocyte modelling of cardiovascular diseases for natural compound discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113970. [PMID: 36371854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants characterized by diverse biological activities and low toxicity or side effects, are increasingly taking center stage in the search for new drugs. Currently, preclinical evaluation of natural products relies mainly on the use of immortalized cell lines of human origin or animal models. Increasing evidence indicates that cardiomyopathy models based on immortalized cell lines do not recapitulate pathogenic phenotypes accurately and a substantial physiological discrepancy between animals and humans casts doubt on the clinical relevance of animal models for these studies. The newly developed human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in combination with highly-efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation methods provides an ideal tool for modeling human cardiomyopathies in vitro. Screening of drugs, especially screening of natural products, based on these models has been widely used and has shown that evaluation in such models can recapitulate important aspects of the physiological properties of drugs. The purpose of this review is to provide information on the latest developments in this area of research and to help researchers perform screening of natural products using the hiPSC-CM platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- Clinical Research Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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13
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Mechanism based therapies enable personalised treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22501. [PMID: 36577774 PMCID: PMC9797561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies have unresolved genotype-phenotype relationships and lack disease-specific treatments. Here we provide a framework to identify genotype-specific pathomechanisms and therapeutic targets to accelerate the development of precision medicine. We use human cardiac electromechanical in-silico modelling and simulation which we validate with experimental hiPSC-CM data and modelling in combination with clinical biomarkers. We select hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a challenge for this approach and study genetic variations that mutate proteins of the thick (MYH7R403Q/+) and thin filaments (TNNT2R92Q/+, TNNI3R21C/+) of the cardiac sarcomere. Using in-silico techniques we show that the destabilisation of myosin super relaxation observed in hiPSC-CMs drives disease in virtual cells and ventricles carrying the MYH7R403Q/+ variant, and that secondary effects on thin filament activation are necessary to precipitate slowed relaxation of the cell and diastolic insufficiency in the chamber. In-silico modelling shows that Mavacamten corrects the MYH7R403Q/+ phenotype in agreement with hiPSC-CM experiments. Our in-silico model predicts that the thin filament variants TNNT2R92Q/+ and TNNI3R21C/+ display altered calcium regulation as central pathomechanism, for which Mavacamten provides incomplete salvage, which we have corroborated in TNNT2R92Q/+ and TNNI3R21C/+ hiPSC-CMs. We define the ideal characteristics of a novel thin filament-targeting compound and show its efficacy in-silico. We demonstrate that hybrid human-based hiPSC-CM and in-silico studies accelerate pathomechanism discovery and classification testing, improving clinical interpretation of genetic variants, and directing rational therapeutic targeting and design.
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14
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Keyt LK, Duran JM, Bui QM, Chen C, Miyamoto MI, Silva Enciso J, Tardiff JC, Adler ED. Thin filament cardiomyopathies: A review of genetics, disease mechanisms, and emerging therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972301. [PMID: 36158814 PMCID: PMC9489950 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All muscle contraction occurs due to the cyclical interaction between sarcomeric thin and thick filament proteins within the myocyte. The thin filament consists of the proteins actin, tropomyosin, Troponin C, Troponin I, and Troponin T. Mutations in these proteins can result in various forms of cardiomyopathy, including hypertrophic, restrictive, and dilated phenotypes and account for as many as 30% of all cases of inherited cardiomyopathy. There is significant evidence that thin filament mutations contribute to dysregulation of Ca2+ within the sarcomere and may have a distinct pathomechanism of disease from cardiomyopathy associated with thick filament mutations. A number of distinct clinical findings appear to be correlated with thin-filament mutations: greater degrees of restrictive cardiomyopathy and relatively less left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and LV outflow tract obstruction than that seen with thick filament mutations, increased morbidity associated with heart failure, increased arrhythmia burden and potentially higher mortality. Most therapies that improve outcomes in heart failure blunt the neurohormonal pathways involved in cardiac remodeling, while most therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involve use of negative inotropes to reduce LV hypertrophy or septal reduction therapies to reduce LV outflow tract obstruction. None of these therapies directly address the underlying sarcomeric dysfunction associated with thin-filament mutations. With mounting evidence that thin filament cardiomyopathies occur through a distinct mechanism, there is need for therapies targeting the unique, underlying mechanisms tailored for each patient depending on a given mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K. Keyt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jason M. Duran
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Quan M. Bui
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Jorge Silva Enciso
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jil C. Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Eric D. Adler
- Department of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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15
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Shen H, Dong SY, Ren MS, Wang R. Ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: From bench to bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:949294. [PMID: 36061538 PMCID: PMC9433716 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.949294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mostly experience minimal symptoms throughout their lifetime, and some individuals have an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). How to identify patients with a higher risk of ventricular arrythmias and SCD is the priority in HCM research. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) both recommend the use of risk algorithms to identify patients at high risk of ventricular arrhythmias, to be selected for implantation of implantable cardioverters/defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention of SCD, although major discrepancies exist. The present SCD risk scoring systems cannot accurately identify early-stage HCM patients with modest structural remodeling and mild disease manifestations. Unfortunately, SCD events could occur in young asymptomatic HCM patients and even as initial symptoms, prompting the determination of new risk factors for SCD. This review summarizes the studies based on patients' surgical specimens, transgenic animals, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to explore the possible molecular mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia and SCD. Ion channel remodeling, Ca2+ homeostasis abnormalities, and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity may contribute to changes in action potential duration (APD), reentry circuit formation, and trigger activities, such as early aferdepolarization (EAD) or delayed afterdepolarization (DAD), leading to ventricular arrhythmia in HCM. Besides the ICD implantation, novel drugs represented by the late sodium current channel inhibitor and myosin inhibitor also shed light on the prevention of HCM-related arrhythmias. The ideal prevention strategy of SCD in early-stage HCM patients needs to be combined with gene screening, hiPSC-CM testing, machine learning, and advanced ECG studies, thus achieving individualized SCD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yong Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Shi Ren
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Wang
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16
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Molecular genetic mechanisms of dilated cardiomyopathy. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 76:101959. [PMID: 35870234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing cardiovascular condition with a prevalence of ~40 million individuals worldwide [1]. While HF can be caused by acquired conditions such as myocardial infarctions and viruses [2], the genetic basis for HF is rapidly emerging particularly for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that is the most prevalent HF type. In this review, insights from the rapid expansion in next-generation sequencing technologies applied in the HF clinic are merged with recent functional genomics studies to provide a contemporary view of DCM molecular genetics.
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17
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. In recent decades, extraordinary effort has been devoted to defining the molecular and pathophysiological characteristics of the diseased heart and vasculature. Mouse models have been especially powerful in illuminating the complex signaling pathways, genetic and epigenetic regulatory circuits, and multicellular interactions that underlie cardiovascular disease. The advent of CRISPR genome editing has ushered in a new era of cardiovascular research and possibilities for genetic correction of disease. Next-generation sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated the identification of disease-causing mutations, and advances in gene editing have enabled the rapid modeling of these mutations in mice and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. The ability to correct the genetic drivers of cardiovascular disease through delivery of gene editing components in vivo, while still facing challenges, represents an exciting therapeutic frontier. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiovascular disease mechanisms and the potential applications of CRISPR genome editing for disease modeling and correction. We also discuss the extent to which mice can faithfully model cardiovascular disease and the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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18
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Stava TT, Leren TP, Bogsrud MP. Molecular genetics in 4 408 cardiomyopathy probands and 3 008 relatives in Norway: 17 years of genetic testing in a national laboratory. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:1789-1799. [PMID: 35653365 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Whenever a patient presents with cardiomyopathy, it is important to determine the underlying cause in order to provide the best possible follow-up and treatment. Determining an underlying genetic cause of the disease is also important in order to provide family testing and follow-up of relatives at risk. Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics at Oslo University Hospital has been a national laboratory for genetic testing for cardiomyopathies in Norway since 2003. Data from 4408 probands and 3008 relatives were available. Three probands had two variants, nine had incidental findings of variants not related to their cardiomyopathy diagnosis. Of the remaining 4396 probands, 65.1% were male, age at genetic testing was 50.9 (±18.1) years and 6.1% were under the age of 18. A likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant (216 different variants including 67 novel) was detected in 574 probands. Of the 3008 relatives, 47.6% were male, age at genetic testing was 39.3 (±20.5) years, 17.9% were under the age of 18, and 43.2% were positive for the variant found in their family. Probands and relatives combined, 1/2809 persons in Norway were found to be heterozygous for a cardiomyopathy variant. Next Generation Sequencing provided more findings in dilated cardiomyopathy, especially in TTN. Otherwise, the majority of variants were found in the classical sarcomeric and desmosomal genes. In conclusion, genetic testing provided a genetic basis of the cardiomyopathy in 13.1% of probands, and subsequent family testing identified almost three times as many variant-positive relatives which could be offered preventive follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Talsnes Stava
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Wei L, Xia S, Li Y, Qi Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Hua Y, Luo S. Application of hiPSC as a Drug Tester Via Mimicking a Personalized Mini Heart. Front Genet 2022; 13:891159. [PMID: 35495144 PMCID: PMC9046785 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.891159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC) have been used to produce almost all types of human cells currently, which makes them into several potential applications with replicated patient-specific genotype. Furthermore, hIPSC derived cardiomyocytes assembled engineering heart tissue can be established to achieve multiple functional evaluations by tissue engineering technology. This short review summarized the current advanced applications based on the hIPSC derived heart tissue in molecular mechanisms elucidating and high throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shutao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pediatric Heart Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Donghui Zhang, ; Yimin Hua, ; Shuhua Luo,
| | - Yimin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Donghui Zhang, ; Yimin Hua, ; Shuhua Luo,
| | - Shuhua Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pediatric Heart Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Donghui Zhang, ; Yimin Hua, ; Shuhua Luo,
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20
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Pettinato AM, Ladha FA, Hinson JT. The Cardiac Sarcomere and Cell Cycle. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:623-630. [PMID: 35380383 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The lack of adult human cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity impairs cardiac regeneration such as after myocardial injury. The sarcomere, a specialized actin cytoskeletal structure that is essential for twitch contraction in cardiomyocytes, has been considered a critical factor limiting adult human cardiomyocyte proliferation through incompletely understood mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS This review summarizes known and emerging regulatory mechanisms connecting the human cardiomyocyte sarcomere to cell cycle regulation including structural and signaling mechanisms. Cardiac regeneration could be augmented through targeting the inhibitory effects of the sarcomere on cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feria A Ladha
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA. .,Cardiology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. .,UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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21
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Tani H, Tohyama S. Human Engineered Heart Tissue Models for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855763. [PMID: 35433691 PMCID: PMC9008275 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and efficient differentiation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) induced from diseased donors have the potential to recapitulate the molecular and functional features of the human heart. Although the immaturity of hiPSC-CMs, including the structure, gene expression, conduct, ion channel density, and Ca2+ kinetics, is a major challenge, various attempts to promote maturation have been effective. Three-dimensional cardiac models using hiPSC-CMs have achieved these functional and morphological maturations, and disease models using patient-specific hiPSC-CMs have furthered our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effective therapies for diseases. Aside from the mechanisms of diseases and drug responses, hiPSC-CMs also have the potential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs in a human context before a candidate drug enters the market and many phases of clinical trials. In fact, novel drug testing paradigms have suggested that these cells can be used to better predict the proarrhythmic risk of candidate drugs. In this review, we overview the current strategies of human engineered heart tissue models with a focus on major cardiac diseases and discuss perspectives and future directions for the real application of hiPSC-CMs and human engineered heart tissue for disease modeling, drug development, clinical trials, and cardiotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shugo Tohyama,
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22
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Gene Editing in Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Derived Organoids. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8130828. [PMID: 34887928 PMCID: PMC8651378 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8130828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid rise in gene-editing technology, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their derived organoids have increasingly broader and practical applications in regenerative medicine. Gene-editing technologies, from large-scale nucleic acid endonucleases to CRISPR, have ignited a global research and development boom with significant implications in regenerative medicine. The development of regenerative medicine technologies, regardless of whether it is PSCs or gene editing, is consistently met with controversy. Are the tools for rewriting the code of life a boon to humanity or a Pandora's box? These technologies raise concerns regarding ethical issues, unexpected mutations, viral infection, etc. These concerns remain even as new treatments emerge. However, the potential negatives cannot obscure the virtues of PSC gene editing, which have, and will continue to, benefit mankind at an unprecedented rate. Here, we briefly introduce current gene-editing technology and its application in PSCs and their derived organoids, while addressing ethical concerns and safety risks and discussing the latest progress in PSC gene editing. Gene editing in PSCs creates visualized in vitro models, providing opportunities for examining mechanisms of known and unknown mutations and offering new possibilities for the treatment of cancer, genetic diseases, and other serious or refractory disorders. From model construction to treatment exploration, the important role of PSCs combined with gene editing in basic and clinical medicine studies is illustrated. The applications, characteristics, and existing challenges are summarized in combination with our lab experiences in this field in an effort to help gene-editing technology better serve humans in a regulated manner. Current preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated initial safety and efficacy of PSC gene editing; however, for better application in clinical settings, additional investigation is warranted.
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23
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Mason AB, Lynn ML, Baldo AP, Deranek AE, Tardiff JC, Schwartz SD. Computational and biophysical determination of pathogenicity of variants of unknown significance in cardiac thin filament. JCI Insight 2021; 6:154350. [PMID: 34699384 PMCID: PMC8675185 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Point mutations within sarcomeric proteins have been associated with altered function and cardiomyopathy development. Difficulties remain, however, in establishing the pathogenic potential of individual mutations, often limiting the use of genotype in management of affected families. To directly address this challenge, we utilized our all-atom computational model of the human full cardiac thin filament (CTF) to predict how sequence substitutions in CTF proteins might affect structure and dynamics on an atomistic level. Utilizing molecular dynamics calculations, we simulated 21 well-defined genetic pathogenic cardiac troponin T and tropomyosin variants to establish a baseline of pathogenic changes induced in computational observables. Computational results were verified via differential scanning calorimetry on a subset of variants to develop an experimental correlation. Calculations were performed on 9 independent variants of unknown significance (VUS), and results were compared with pathogenic variants to identify high-resolution pathogenic signatures. Results for VUS were compared with the baseline set to determine induced structural and dynamic changes, and potential variant reclassifications were proposed. This unbiased, high-resolution computational methodology can provide unique structural and dynamic information that can be incorporated into existing analyses to facilitate classification both for de novo variants and those where established approaches have provided conflicting information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa L Lynn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrea E Deranek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Crocini C, Gotthardt M. Cardiac sarcomere mechanics in health and disease. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:637-652. [PMID: 34745372 PMCID: PMC8553709 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomere is the fundamental structural and functional unit of striated muscle and is directly responsible for most of its mechanical properties. The sarcomere generates active or contractile forces and determines the passive or elastic properties of striated muscle. In the heart, mutations in sarcomeric proteins are responsible for the majority of genetically inherited cardiomyopathies. Here, we review the major determinants of cardiac sarcomere mechanics including the key structural components that contribute to active and passive tension. We dissect the molecular and structural basis of active force generation, including sarcomere composition, structure, activation, and relaxation. We then explore the giant sarcomere-resident protein titin, the major contributor to cardiac passive tension. We discuss sarcomere dynamics exemplified by the regulation of titin-based stiffness and the titin life cycle. Finally, we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies that target the sarcomere to improve cardiac contraction and filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crocini
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BioFrontiers Institute & Department of Molecular and Cellular Development, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Guo H, Liu L, Nishiga M, Cong L, Wu JC. Deciphering pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance with CRISPR-edited iPSCs. Trends Genet 2021; 37:1109-1123. [PMID: 34509299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants play an important role in conferring risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), thousands of genetic variants associated with CVDs have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but the function of more than 40% of genetic variants is still unknown. This gap of knowledge is a barrier to the clinical application of the genetic information. However, determining the pathogenicity of a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) is challenging due to the lack of suitable model systems and accessible technologies. By combining clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), unprecedented advances are now possible in determining the pathogenicity of VUS in CVDs. Here, we summarize recent progress and new strategies in deciphering pathogenic variants for CVDs using CRISPR-edited human iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lichao Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Le Cong
- Department of Pathology and Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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26
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Atmanli A, Chai AC, Cui M, Wang Z, Nishiyama T, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Cardiac Myoediting Attenuates Cardiac Abnormalities in Human and Mouse Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Circ Res 2021; 129:602-616. [PMID: 34372664 PMCID: PMC8416801 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Atmanli
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andreas C. Chai
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miao Cui
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Takahiko Nishiyama
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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27
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Ladha FA, Thakar K, Pettinato AM, Legere N, Ghahremani S, Cohn R, Romano R, Meredith E, Chen YS, Hinson JT. Actinin BioID reveals sarcomere crosstalk with oxidative metabolism through interactions with IGF2BP2. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109512. [PMID: 34380038 PMCID: PMC8447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinins are strain-sensing actin cross-linkers that are ubiquitously expressed and harbor mutations in human diseases. We utilize CRISPR, pluripotent stem cells, and BioID to study actinin interactomes in human cardiomyocytes. We identify 324 actinin proximity partners, including those that are dependent on sarcomere assembly. We confirm 19 known interactors and identify a network of RNA-binding proteins, including those with RNA localization functions. In vivo and biochemical interaction studies support that IGF2BP2 localizes electron transport chain transcripts to actinin neighborhoods through interactions between its K homology (KH) domain and actinin’s rod domain. We combine alanine scanning mutagenesis and metabolic assays to disrupt and functionally interrogate actinin-IGF2BP2 interactions, which reveal an essential role in metabolic responses to pathological sarcomere activation using a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy model. This study expands our functional knowledge of actinin, uncovers sarcomere interaction partners, and reveals sarcomere crosstalk with IGF2BP2 for metabolic adaptation relevant to human disease. Ladha et al. combine BioID, human cardiomyocytes, and CRISPR-Cas9 to interrogate the actinin interactome. This reveals 324 actinin proximity partners, including RNA-binding proteins that bind transcripts encoding ETC functional components. Among these RNA-binding proteins, IGF2BP2 directly binds actinin, and actinin-IGF2BP2 interactions regulate ETC transcript localization and metabolic adaptation to sarcomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feria A Ladha
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ketan Thakar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Legere
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Rachel Cohn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Robert Romano
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Emily Meredith
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Cardiology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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28
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Janin A, Januel L, Cazeneuve C, Delinière A, Chevalier P, Millat G. Molecular Diagnosis of Inherited Cardiac Diseases in the Era of Next-Generation Sequencing: A Single Center's Experience Over 5 Years. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:373-385. [PMID: 33954932 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Molecular diagnosis in inherited cardiac diseases is challenging because of the significant genetic and clinical heterogeneity. We present a detailed molecular investigation of a cohort of 4185 patients with referrals for inherited cardiac diseases. METHODS Patients suffering from cardiomyopathies (3235 probands), arrhythmia syndromes (760 probands), or unexplained sudden cardiac arrest (190 cases) were analyzed using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflow based on a panel of 105 genes involved in sudden cardiac death. RESULTS (Likely) pathogenic variations were identified for approximately 30% of the cohort. Pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in approximately 3.1% of patients for whom a (likely) pathogenic variation were identified. A (likely) pathogenic variation was also detected for 21.1% of patients who died from sudden cardiac death. Unexpected variants, including incidental findings, were present for 28 cases. Pathogenic variations were mainly observed in genes with definitive evidence of disease causation. CONCLUSIONS Our study, which comprises over than 4000 probands, is one of most important cohorts reported in inherited cardiac diseases. The global mutation detection rate would be significantly increased by determining the putative pathogenicity of the large number of variants of uncertain significance. Identification of "unexpected" variants also showed the clinical utility of genetic testing in inherited cardiac diseases as they can redirect clinical management and medical resources toward a meaningful precision medicine. In cases with negative result, a WGS approach could be considered, but would probably have a limited impact on mutation detection rate as (likely) pathogenic variations were essentially clustered in genes with strong evidence of disease causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janin
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, 69677, Lyon, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Louis Januel
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, 69677, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Cazeneuve
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, 69677, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Delinière
- Université de Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France.,Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Service de Rythmologie, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- Université de Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France.,Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Service de Rythmologie, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Millat
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron Cedex, 69677, Lyon, France. .,Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon, 69003, Lyon, France.
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29
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Pettinato AM, Yoo D, VanOudenhove J, Chen YS, Cohn R, Ladha FA, Yang X, Thakar K, Romano R, Legere N, Meredith E, Robson P, Regnier M, Cotney JL, Murry CE, Hinson JT. Sarcomere function activates a p53-dependent DNA damage response that promotes polyploidization and limits in vivo cell engraftment. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109088. [PMID: 33951429 PMCID: PMC8161465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac regeneration is limited by low cardiomyocyte replicative rates and progressive polyploidization by unclear mechanisms. To study this process, we engineer a human cardiomyocyte model to track replication and polyploidization using fluorescently tagged cyclin B1 and cardiac troponin T. Using time-lapse imaging, in vitro cardiomyocyte replication patterns recapitulate the progressive mononuclear polyploidization and replicative arrest observed in vivo. Single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin state analyses reveal that polyploidization is preceded by sarcomere assembly, enhanced oxidative metabolism, a DNA damage response, and p53 activation. CRISPR knockout screening reveals p53 as a driver of cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization. Inhibiting sarcomere function, or scavenging ROS, inhibits cell-cycle arrest and polyploidization. Finally, we show that cardiomyocyte engraftment in infarcted rat hearts is enhanced 4-fold by the increased proliferation of troponin-knockout cardiomyocytes. Thus, the sarcomere inhibits cell division through a DNA damage response that can be targeted to improve cardiomyocyte replacement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Pettinato
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Dasom Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Rachel Cohn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Feria A Ladha
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ketan Thakar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Robert Romano
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nicolas Legere
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Emily Meredith
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin L Cotney
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - J Travis Hinson
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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30
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Rödel CJ, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. A zebrafish toolbox for biomechanical signaling in cardiovascular development and disease. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:198-207. [PMID: 33714969 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The zebrafish embryo has emerged as a powerful model organism to investigate the mechanisms by which biophysical forces regulate vascular and cardiac cell biology during development and disease. A versatile arsenal of methods and tools is available to manipulate and analyze biomechanical signaling. This review aims to provide an overview of the experimental strategies and tools that have been utilized to study biomechanical signaling in cardiovascular developmental processes and different vascular disease models in the zebrafish embryo. Within the scope of this review, we focus on work published during the last two years. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic and pharmacological tools for the manipulation of cardiac function allow alterations of hemodynamic flow patterns in the zebrafish embryo and various types of transgenic lines are available to report endothelial cell responses to biophysical forces. These tools have not only revealed the impact of biophysical forces on cardiovascular development but also helped to establish more accurate models for cardiovascular diseases including cerebral cavernous malformations, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, arteriovenous malformations, and lymphangiopathies. SUMMARY The zebrafish embryo is a valuable vertebrate model in which in-vivo manipulations of biophysical forces due to cardiac contractility and blood flow can be performed. These analyses give important insights into biomechanical signaling pathways that control endothelial and endocardial cell behaviors. The technical advances using this vertebrate model will advance our understanding of the impact of biophysical forces in cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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31
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Micheu MM, Rosca AM. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells as “disease-in-a-dish” models for inherited cardiomyopathies and channelopathies – 15 years of research. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:281-303. [PMID: 33959219 PMCID: PMC8080539 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among inherited cardiac conditions, a special place is kept by cardiomyopathies (CMPs) and channelopathies (CNPs), which pose a substantial healthcare burden due to the complexity of the therapeutic management and cause early mortality. Like other inherited cardiac conditions, genetic CMPs and CNPs exhibit incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity even within carriers of the same pathogenic deoxyribonucleic acid variant, challenging our understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Until recently, the lack of accurate physiological preclinical models hindered the investigation of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, along with advances in gene editing, offered unprecedented opportunities to explore hereditary CMPs and CNPs. Hallmark features of iPSCs include the ability to differentiate into unlimited numbers of cells from any of the three germ layers, genetic identity with the subject from whom they were derived, and ease of gene editing, all of which were used to generate “disease-in-a-dish” models of monogenic cardiac conditions. Functionally, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes that faithfully recapitulate the patient-specific phenotype, allowed the study of disease mechanisms in an individual-/allele-specific manner, as well as the customization of therapeutic regimen. This review provides a synopsis of the most important iPSC-based models of CMPs and CNPs and the potential use for modeling disease mechanisms, personalized therapy and deoxyribonucleic acid variant functional annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest 014452, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Rosca
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
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