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Han Y, Li Y, Wu Z, Pei Y, Lu S, Yu H, Sun Y, Zhang X. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy. Ann Med 2024; 56:2405080. [PMID: 39301864 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2405080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension, a worldwide cardiovascular issue, is known to result in significant damage to the left ventricle. Left ventricular hypertrophy refers to an increase in ventricular mass, which is not only the primary independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease onset but also independently related to the risk of death. OBJECTIVES We sought to synthesize the existing literature on the occurrence and correlation between hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy and the progress. METHODS A scoping review was performed based on the methodological framework developed by Arksey & O'Malley. Search in the Pubmed database with no language restrictions, as of September 1, 2024. RESULTS Of the 8110 articles retrieved, 110 were finally included. The selected articles were published between 1987 and 2024, with 55.5% (61/110) of the studies in the last five years and 14.5% (16/110) of 2024. The studies covered diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment of hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION The literature reviewed suggests that studies on hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy covered a variety of clinical progress, especially the clinical trial results of some new drugs that may bring great hope for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Han
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yixian People's Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Yixian People's Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Yixian People's Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Saien Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Fujiwara T, Kaneko H, Hayashi K, Azegami T, Mizuno A, Yano Y. Hypertension in children and adolescents: perspectives in Japan. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01870-w. [PMID: 39256527 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension in children and adolescents is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Therefore, preventing hypertension among children and adolescents is an important public health objective worldwide. Although the importance of hypertension in children and adolescents has increasingly been recognized, the field of research is relatively new and evidence for etiologies, prevention and treatment is sparse. This review mainly summarizes the content regarding hypertension in children and adolescents published in Hypertension Research in 2023/24. Highlights include the following: The prevalence of hypertension was higher in female than male Japanese junior high school students (13.7% vs. 4.7%), but there was no significant gender difference among Japanese senior high school students (7.4% vs. 5.4%). Hematological parameters, including red blood cell counts, hemoglobin counts, hematocrit and iron levels, were positively associated with blood pressure (BP) levels in healthy children and adolescents. Higher-risk longitudinal BP trajectories in early life were associated with increased risk of target organ damage (TOD) and higher combined TOD load in midlife. BP phenotypes (e.g., masked hypertension, white-coat hypertension) assessed using office and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring were not highly reproducible in children. The salt check sheet was a useful tool for evaluating the approximate dietary salt intake in Japanese children and adolescents. It is recommended that healthcare providers screen for hypertension in children and adolescents and recognize the importance of early intervention for those with elevated BP levels. Beginning in childhood, continuous education on hypertension and proper dietary salt intake are key to reducing the risk of hypertension and decreasing the burden of CVD in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujiwara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Azegami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizuno
- Department of Cardiology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tatavarthy M, Stathopoulos J, Oktay AA. Prevention and treatment of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:251-258. [PMID: 38603529 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is a well recognized target organ adaptation to longstanding uncontrolled hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. It is also a strong and independent predictor of many cardiovascular disorders. RECENT FINDINGS This focused review explores the current concepts in screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of LVH in patients with hypertension. Currently, the primary screening and diagnostic tools for LVH are ECG and 2D echocardiography. Implementing machine learning in the diagnostic modalities can improve sensitivity in the detection of LVH. Lifestyle modifications, blood pressure control with antihypertensive therapy, and management of comorbidities aid in preventing and reversing LV remodeling. SUMMARY LVH is a common and often silent complication of hypertension. Prevention and reversal of LV remodeling are crucial for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmet Afşin Oktay
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Robinson CH, Hussain J, Jeyakumar N, Smith G, Birken CS, Dart A, Dionne J, Garg A, Kandasamy S, Karam S, Marjerrison S, South AM, Thabane L, Wahi G, Zappitelli M, Chanchlani R. Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:688-698. [PMID: 38709137 PMCID: PMC11217870 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Importance Hypertension affects 6% of all children, and its prevalence is increasing. Childhood hypertension tracks into adulthood and is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease; however, there is a lack of evidence linking childhood hypertension to cardiovascular outcomes, which may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Objective To determine the long-term associated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among children diagnosed with hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a population-based, retrospective, matched cohort study conducted from 1996 to 2022. The study included all children (aged 3-18 years) alive in Ontario, Canada, from 1996 to 2021, who were identified using provincial administrative health databases. Children with prior kidney replacement therapy were excluded. Exposure Incident hypertension diagnosis, identified by validated case definitions using diagnostic and physician billing claims. Each case was matched with 5 controls without hypertension by age, sex, birth weight, maternal gestational hypertension, prior comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular surgery), and a propensity score for hypertension. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was MACE (a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina, or coronary intervention). Time to MACE was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results A total of 25 605 children (median [IQR] age, 15 [11-17] years; 14 743 male [57.6%]) with hypertension were matched to 128 025 controls without hypertension. Baseline covariates were balanced after propensity score matching, and prior comorbidities were uncommon (hypertension vs control cohort: malignancy, 1451 [5.7%] vs 7908 [6.2%]; congenital heart disease, 1089 [4.3%] vs 5408 [4.2%]; diabetes, 482 [1.9%] vs 2410 [1.9%]). During a median (IQR) of 13.6 (7.8-19.5) years of follow-up, incidence of MACE was 4.6 per 1000 person-years in children with hypertension vs 2.2 per 1000 person-years in controls (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.2). Children with hypertension were at higher associated risk of stroke, hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina, coronary intervention, and congestive heart failure, but not cardiovascular death, compared with nonhypertensive controls. Conclusions and Relevance Children diagnosed with hypertension had a higher associated long-term risk of MACE compared with controls without hypertension. Improved detection, follow-up, and control of pediatric hypertension may reduce the risk of adult cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cal H. Robinson
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junayd Hussain
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nivethika Jeyakumar
- Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Smith
- Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine S. Birken
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Dart
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janis Dionne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anika Garg
- Infant, Child, and Youth Health Lab, Brock University, St Catharine’s, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sujane Kandasamy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine Karam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Stacey Marjerrison
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew M. South
- Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children’s, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gita Wahi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Zappitelli
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Kulkarni S, Faconti L, Partridge S, Delles C, Glover M, Lewis P, Gray A, Hodson E, Macintyre I, Maniero C, McEniery CM, Sinha MD, Walsh SB, Wilkinson IB. Investigation and management of young-onset hypertension: British and Irish hypertension society position statement. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:544-554. [PMID: 38942895 PMCID: PMC11239491 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-024-00922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
National and international hypertension guidelines recommend that adults with young-onset hypertension (aged <40 years at diagnosis) are reviewed by a hypertension specialist to exclude secondary causes of hypertension and optimise therapeutic regimens. A recent survey among UK secondary care hypertension specialist physicians highlighted variations in the investigation of such patients. In this position statement, the British and Irish Hypertension Society seek to provide clinicians with a practical approach to the investigation and management of adults with young-onset hypertension. We aim to ensure that individuals receive consistent and high-quality care across the UK and Ireland, to highlight gaps in the current evidence, and to identify important future research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy Kulkarni
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Luca Faconti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, 4th Floor, North Wing, St. Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sarah Partridge
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK.
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mark Glover
- Deceased, formerly Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, UK
| | - Philip Lewis
- Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Stockport, SK2 7JE, UK
| | - Asha Gray
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma Hodson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Iain Macintyre
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, National Health Service Lothian, Lothian, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Carmen Maniero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Manish D Sinha
- Kings College London, Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, 3rd Floor Beckett House, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- London Tubular Centre, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free NHS Trust, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Tanaka A, Node K. Associations of metabolic disorders with hypertension and cardiovascular disease: recent findings and therapeutic perspectives. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01737-0. [PMID: 38811824 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We theoretically know that metabolic disorders, including overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and relevant tissue/organ damage, play a critical role in elevating blood pressure and developing hypertension. However, staying abreast of the ever-evolving and current research on the various metabolic disorder topics is difficult. At the same time, as hypertension in childhood and adolescence is attracting significant attention globally, it is becoming increasingly evident that metabolic disorders exert an important role in its pathogenesis. In order to effectively prevent hypertension, it is essential to appropriately approach metabolic disorders, and importantly, this approach must be practiced continuously throughout all generations. Thus, focusing on metabolic disorders is the first and essential step in effectively managing and preventing hypertension. In this Mini-Review, we introduce cutting-edge research findings on "Metabolism," published in 2023 by Hypertension Research, and discuss relevant topics and therapeutic and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Agbaje AO, Barker AR, Lewandowski AJ, Leeson P, Tuomainen TP. Accelerometer-based sedentary time, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood with arterial stiffness and carotid IMT progression: A 13-year longitudinal study of 1339 children. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14132. [PMID: 38509836 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the longitudinal associations of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from childhood with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). METHODS We studied 1339 children, aged 11 years from Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, followed up for 13 years. Accelerometer-based ST, LPA, and MVPA were assessed at ages 11, 15, and 24 years clinic visits. cfPWV and cIMT were measured with Vicorder and ultrasound, respectively, at ages 17 and 24 years. RESULTS Among 1339 [56.4% female] participants, mean ST increased from ages 11 through 24 years, while mean LPA and MVPA decreased. Persistently high ST tertile from childhood was associated with increased cfPWV progression, effect estimate 0.047 m/s; [(95% CI 0.005 to 0.090); p = 0.030], but not cIMT progression. Persistently high LPA tertile category was associated with decreased cfPWV progression in males -0.022 m/s; [(-0.028 to -0.017); p < 0.001] and females -0.027 m/s; [(-0.044 to -0.010); p < 0.001]. Cumulative LPA exposure decreased the odds of progressively worsening cfPWV [Odds ratio 0.994 (0.994-0.995); p < 0.0001] and cIMT. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was paradoxically associated with increased cfPWV progression in males 0.053 m/s; [(0.030 to 0.077); p < 0.001] and females 0.012 m/s; [(0.002 to 0.022); p = 0.016]. Persistent exposure to ≥60 min/day of MVPA was inversely associated with cIMT progression in females -0.017 mm; [(-0.026 to -0.009); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION LPA >3 h/day from childhood may attenuate progressively worsening vascular damage associated with increased ST in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Leeson
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Hamdani G, Urbina EM, Daniels SR, Falkner BE, Ferguson MA, Flynn JT, Hanevold CD, Ingelfinger JR, Khoury PR, Lande MB, Meyers KE, Samuels J, Mitsnefes M. Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Number of Subclinical Target Organ Injury Markers in Youth: The SHIP AHOY Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.15.24304137. [PMID: 38562855 PMCID: PMC10984045 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.24304137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Hypertension in adolescence is associated with subclinical target organ injury (TOI). We aimed to determine whether different blood pressure (BP) thresholds were associated with increasing number of TOI markers in healthy adolescents. Methods 244 participants (mean age 15.5±1.8 years, 60.1% male) were studied. Participants were divided based on both systolic clinic and ambulatory BP (ABP), into low- (<75 th percentile), mid- (75 th -90 th percentile) and high-risk (>90 th percentile) groups. TOI assessments included left ventricular mass, systolic and diastolic function, and vascular stiffness. The number of TOI markers for each participant was calculated. A multivariable general linear model was constructed to evaluate the association of different participant characteristics with higher numbers of TOI markers. Results 47.5% of participants had at least one TOI marker: 31.2% had one, 11.9% two, 3.7% three, and 0.8% four. The number of TOI markers increased according to the BP risk groups: the percentage of participants with more than one TOI in the low-, mid-, and high groups based on clinic BP was 6.7%, 19.1%, and 21.8% (p=0.02), and based on ABP was 9.6%, 15.8%, and 32.2% (p<0.001). In a multivariable regression analysis, both clinic BP percentile and ambulatory SBP index were independently associated with the number of TOI markers. When both clinic and ABP were included in the model, only the ambulatory SBP index was significantly associated with the number of markers. Conclusion High SBP, especially when assessed by ABPM, was associated with an increasing number of subclinical cardiovascular injury markers in adolescents.
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Park PG, Park E, Kang HG. Increasing trend in hypertension prevalence among Korean adolescents from 2007 to 2020. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:617. [PMID: 38409007 PMCID: PMC10898016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension in Korean adolescents, its long-term trends, and factors associated with the development of hypertension. METHODS Data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2007 to 2020 were combined into three time periods (2007-2011, 2012-2016, and 2017-2020). A total of 11,146 Korean adolescents aged 10-18 were included in the analysis. The definition of hypertension was based on the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for hypertension. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 5.47%, 7.85%, and 9.92% in 2007-2011, 2012-2016, and 2017-2020, respectively. Long-term trend analysis using Joinpoint analysis over the observation period showed a significantly increasing trend in hypertension prevalence with a mean annual percentage change of 6.4%. Boys, those aged 13-15, those aged 16-18, overweight/obese, and those living in urban areas were more likely to develop hypertension (OR 1.980, 1.492, 3.180, 2.943, and 1.330, respectively). CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension in Korean adolescents was higher than the global prevalence of hypertension and showed an increase over a 13-year period. Targeted strategies for prevention and early detection of hypertension are needed in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peong Gang Park
- Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eujin Park
- Departments of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Korea.
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Departments of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wu M, Dart A, Kosowan L, Roychoudhury S, Ewusie JE, Singer A, Chanchlani R. Temporal Trends in Practice Patterns After Introduction of Pediatric Hypertension Guidelines in Canada. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2355239. [PMID: 38329756 PMCID: PMC10853834 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance In 2016 and 2017, respectively, new Canadian and US guidelines for diagnosis and management of pediatric hypertension (HTN) were published. Six years after their publication, it is unknown whether the recommendations have led to changes in primary care practice patterns. Objectives To determine whether HTN guidelines are associated with changes in practice patterns among primary care clinicians. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, multicenter, population-based cohort study was conducted across 3 phases: January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015 (era 1), January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017 (washout period), and January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019 (era 2). Data were collected from 7 Canadian provinces using the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network Electronic Medical Record database. Eligible participants included children and adolescents (aged ≥3 to <18 years) with 1 or more encounters in the database. Data analysis was conducted from February 2022 to February 2023. Exposure Implementation of the 2016 Hypertension Canada and 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were annual BP screening documentation, high BP follow-up documentation at 6 months and 1-year, HTN prevalence, laboratory testing rates, and medication prescription rates. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the association of the introduction of the Canadian and US guidelines with outcomes. Results The study included 343 191 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age at first encounter, 6.7 (4.6) years; 173 290 female [50.5%]; 169 901 male [49.5%]), including 235 094 patients in era 1 and 193 473 patients in era 2. In era 1, 55 550 patients (23.6%) had at least 1 BP measurement, and in era 2, 45 006 patients (23.3%) had at least 1 BP measurement. There was a significant increase in BP screening in era 2 from 26 876 of 148 554 screenings (18.1%) to 28 556 of 141 192 screenings (20.2%; β = 0.202; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.390; P = .04), and the increasing trend was sustained. There was a significant decrease in the trend of follow-up of high BP measurement at 6 months (1265 of 4941 patients with BP measurements [25.6%] to 1718 of 7321 patients with BP measurements [23.5%]; β = -0.490; 95% CI, -0.758 to -0.223; P = .001) and 1 year (1974 of 4941 measurements [40.0%] to 2314 of 7321 measurements [31.6%]; β = -1.392; 95% CI, -1.573 to -1.212; P < .001) in era 2. The proportion of patients meeting HTN criteria significantly increased from 2540 of 55 550 patients (4.6%) in era 1 to 5690 of 45 006 patients (12.6%) in era 2 (β = 0.0210; 95% CI, 0.0021 to 0.0410; P = .03). There was no significant change in the trend of laboratory testing rates in era 2 (949 of 4941 patients tested [19.2%] to 1149 of 7321 patients tested [15.7%]; β = -0.159; 95% CI, -0.364 to 0.046; P = .12). The trend in prescribing of medications to patients with HTN also decreased in era 2 (1305 of 4941 patients prescribed medication [26.4%] to 1415 of 7321 patients prescribed medication [19.3%]; β = -0.605; 95% CI, -0.830 to -0.358; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study within the Canadian primary care setting suggest that there was a significant increase in BP screening and HTN prevalence after the publication of national and international HTN guidelines; however, the follow-up of high BP was still suboptimal. Increasing rates of pediatric HTN emphasize the need for better adherence to pediatric HTN guidelines to improve care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wu
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison Dart
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leanne Kosowan
- Department of Family Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Smita Roychoudhury
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joycelyne E. Ewusie
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Research Institute, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Singer
- Department of Family Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Tanaka A, Yajima A, Kitaoka K, Natsuaki M, Yoshioka G, Kaneko H, Yano Y, Nishiyama A, Node K. Blood pressure in Japanese junior and senior high school students. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:195-196. [PMID: 37938325 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Ayumu Yajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Goro Yoshioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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12
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Li Y, Yang Y, Ju L, Piao W, Wei X, Zhao L, Yu D. Association of the Protective Dietary Pattern for Blood Pressure with Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension among Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years Old: Data from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015-2017). Nutrients 2023; 15:4927. [PMID: 38068785 PMCID: PMC10708381 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies focused on the association between dietary patterns and elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension (HTN) among children and adolescents remain insufficient. This study aimed to explore a dietary pattern that could be helpful for the prevention of abnormal BP and to investigate the association between this dietary pattern and elevated BP and HTN among Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 52,080 Chinese children and adolescents aged 6~17 years old from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) 2015-2017 were included in the current study. The reduced rank regression (RRR) method was applied to derive a dietary pattern that is associated with BP. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary pattern (DP) and elevated BP and HTN. The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score was also calculated for each participant as a comparative method to validate the dietary pattern derived with the RRR method. A protective dietary pattern (PDP) for BP among Chinese children and adolescents was derived, which was characterized by high intakes of dairy products, mushrooms/edible fungi, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, fresh eggs, aquatic products, mixed legumes, soybeans and related products, offal, dried fruits, and coarse cereals, with low intakes of refined grains. After multiple adjustments, there were significant inverse associations between PDP scores and the odds of elevated BP and HTN (elevated BP: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.849, 95%CI = 0.755-0.931, P-trend < 0.05; HTN: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.795, 95%CI = 0.694-0.911, P-trend < 0.05). The DASH diet was also observed to have protective effects on elevated BP in model I (Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.899, 95%CI = 0.828-0.975, P-trend < 0.05), but was not observed to have protective effects on HTN (HTN: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.958, 95%CI = 0.876-1.048, P-trend > 0.05). The current study suggested that greater adherence to the PDP for BP among Chinese children and adolescents might be associated with lower odds of elevated BP and HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongmei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.L.); (Y.Y.); (L.J.); (W.P.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
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13
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Chung J, Robinson C, Sheffield L, Paramanathan P, Yu A, Ewusie J, Sanger S, Mitsnefes M, Parekh RS, Sinha MD, Rodrigues M, Thabane L, Dionne J, Chanchlani R. Prevalence of Pediatric Masked Hypertension and Risk of Subclinical Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertension 2023; 80:2280-2292. [PMID: 37737026 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Masked hypertension (MH) occurs when office blood pressure is normal, but hypertension is confirmed using out-of-office blood pressure measures. Hypertension is a risk factor for subclinical cardiovascular outcomes, including left ventricular hypertrophy, increased left ventricular mass index, carotid intima media thickness, and pulse wave velocity. However, the risk factors for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring defined MH and its association with subclinical cardiovascular outcomes are unclear. A systematic literature search on 9 databases included English publications from 1974 to 2023. Pediatric MH prevalence was stratified by disease comorbidities and compared with the general pediatric population. We also compared the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and mean differences in left ventricular mass index, carotid intima media thickness, and pulse wave velocity between MH versus normotensive pediatric patients. Of 2199 screened studies, 136 studies (n=28 612; ages 4-25 years) were included. The prevalence of MH in the general pediatric population was 10.4% (95% CI, 8.00-12.80). Compared with the general pediatric population, the risk ratio (RR) of MH was significantly greater in children with coarctation of the aorta (RR, 1.91), solid-organ or stem-cell transplant (RR, 2.34), chronic kidney disease (RR, 2.44), and sickle cell disease (RR, 1.33). MH patients had increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular outcomes compared with normotensive patients, including higher left ventricular mass index (mean difference, 3.86 g/m2.7 [95% CI, 2.51-5.22]), left ventricular hypertrophy (odds ratio, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.50-3.96]), and higher pulse wave velocity (mean difference, 0.30 m/s [95% CI, 0.14-0.45]). The prevalence of MH is significantly elevated among children with various comorbidities. Children with MH have evidence of subclinical cardiovascular outcomes, which increases their risk of long-term cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chung
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.C.)
| | - Cal Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.R.)
| | - Lauren Sheffield
- Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (L.S.)
| | - Prathayini Paramanathan
- All Saints University College of Medicine, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (P.P.)
| | - Andrew Yu
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.Y.)
| | - Joycelyne Ewusie
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Research Institute - St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (J.E., L.T.)
| | - Stephanie Sanger
- Department of Health Sciences: Health Science Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.S.)
| | - Mark Mitsnefes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (M.M.)
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.S.P.)
| | - Manish D Sinha
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, King's College London, Evelina London Childrens Hospital, United Kingdom (M.D.S.)
| | - Myanca Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (M.R.)
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Research Institute - St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada (J.E., L.T.)
- University of Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, South Africa (L.T.)
| | - Janis Dionne
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (J.D.)
| | - Rahul Chanchlani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (R.C.)
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14
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Mynard JP, Chaturvedi S, Cheung MMH, Clark M, Gabb G, Jeffries-Stokes C, Jennings GL, McNab S, Medley T, Mihailidou AS, Schlaich M, Larkins NG, Quinlan C. A Call for Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Paediatric Hypertension. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1032-1034. [PMID: 37495429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.06.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Mynard
- Heart Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Swasti Chaturvedi
- Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Menzies School of Health Research Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Michael M H Cheung
- Heart Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Malcolm Clark
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Genevieve Gabb
- Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Garry L Jennings
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Clinical Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Tanya Medley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Department of Cardiology and Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit and RPH, Perth, WA, Australia; Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Larkins
- Department of Nephrology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Digital Health, Melbourne Children's Centre for Health Analytics, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Kidney Flagship, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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15
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Halbach SM, Flynn JT. Childhood Primary Hypertension: Not Uncommon, Not Benign. Hypertension 2023; 80:1197-1198. [PMID: 37196099 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Halbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, and Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA (S.M.H., J.T.F.)
| | - Joseph T Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, and Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA (S.M.H., J.T.F.)
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