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Khan TA, Shah T, Prieto D, Zhang W, Price J, Fowkes GR, Cooper J, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Sundstrom J, Hubacek JA, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Ben-Shlomo Y, Abdollahi MR, Slooter AJC, Szolnoki Z, Sandhu M, Wareham N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Fillenbaum G, Heijmans BT, Katsuya T, Gromadzka G, Singleton A, Ferrucci L, Hardy J, Worrall B, Rich SS, Matarin M, Whittaker J, Gaunt TR, Whincup P, Morris R, Deanfield J, Donald A, Davey Smith G, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Smeeth L, Khaw KT, Nalls M, Meschia J, Sun K, Hui R, Day I, Hingorani AD, Casas JP. Apolipoprotein E genotype, cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of 14,015 stroke cases and pooled analysis of primary biomarker data from up to 60,883 individuals. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:475-92. [PMID: 23569189 PMCID: PMC3619955 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the APOE gene, encoding apolipoprotein E, genotypes of the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles associated with higher LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are also associated with higher coronary risk. However, the association of APOE genotype with other cardiovascular biomarkers and risk of ischaemic stroke is less clear. We evaluated the association of APOE genotype with risk of ischaemic stroke and assessed whether the observed effect was consistent with the effects of APOE genotype on LDL-C or other lipids and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published and unpublished studies reporting on APOE genotype and ischaemic stroke. We pooled 41 studies (with a total of 9027 cases and 61,730 controls) using a Bayesian meta-analysis to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for ischaemic stroke with APOE genotype. To better evaluate potential mechanisms for any observed effect, we also conducted a pooled analysis of primary data using 16 studies (up to 60,883 individuals) of European ancestry. We evaluated the association of APOE genotype with lipids, other circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). RESULTS The ORs for association of APOE genotypes with ischaemic stroke were: 1.09 (95% credible intervals (CrI): 0.84-1.43) for ε2/ε2; 0.85 (95% CrI: 0.78-0.92) for ε2/ε3; 1.05 (95% CrI: 0.89-1.24) for ε2/ε4; 1.05 (95% CrI: 0.99-1.12) for ε3/ε4; and 1.12 (95% CrI: 0.94-1.33) for ε4/ε4 using the ε3/ε3 genotype as the reference group. A regression analysis that investigated the effect of LDL-C (using APOE as the instrument) on ischaemic stroke showed a positive dose-response association with an OR of 1.33 (95% CrI: 1.17, 1.52) per 1 mmol/l increase in LDL-C. In the separate pooled analysis, APOE genotype was linearly and positively associated with levels of LDL-C (P-trend: 2 × 10(-152)), apolipoprotein B (P-trend: 8.7 × 10(-06)) and C-IMT (P-trend: 0.001), and negatively and linearly associated with apolipoprotein E (P-trend: 6 × 10(-26)) and HDL-C (P-trend: 1.6 × 10(-12)). Associations with lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein and triglycerides were non-linear. CONCLUSIONS In people of European ancestry, APOE genotype showed a positive dose-response association with LDL-C, C-IMT and ischaemic stroke. However, the association of APOE ε2/ε2 genotype with ischaemic stroke requires further investigation. This cross-domain concordance supports a causal role of LDL-C on ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauseef A Khan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tina Shah
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David Prieto
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Weili Zhang
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jackie Price
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gerald R Fowkes
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jackie Cooper
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Johan Sundstrom
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shah Ebrahim
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad R Abdollahi
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Arjen JC Slooter
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zoltan Szolnoki
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Manjinder Sandhu
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Gerda Fillenbaum
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Grazyna Gromadzka
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bradford Worrall
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mar Matarin
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John Whittaker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Whincup
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Morris
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John Deanfield
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Donald
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Nalls
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James Meschia
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rutai Hui
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Day
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK, Department of Medical Sciences & Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Bristol Genetic Epidemiology Laboratories, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, Department of Intensive Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Pandy County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Sobieskiego, Warsaw, Poland, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, US National Institute of Health, USA, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK, Community Health Services, St George’, University of London, London, UK, UCL Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK, Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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