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Miceli G, Basso MG, Pintus C, Pennacchio AR, Cocciola E, Cuffaro M, Profita M, Rizzo G, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathways of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques at Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4351. [PMID: 38673936 PMCID: PMC11050267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of vulnerable carotid plaques is pivotal in understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke secondary to large-artery atherosclerosis. In macroscopic evaluation, vulnerable plaques are characterized by one or more of the following features: microcalcification; neovascularization; lipid-rich necrotic cores (LRNCs); intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH); thin fibrous caps; plaque surface ulceration; huge dimensions, suggesting stenosis; and plaque rupture. Recognizing these macroscopic characteristics is crucial for estimating the risk of cerebrovascular events, also in the case of non-significant (less than 50%) stenosis. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, lipid-related markers like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix components are among the key molecules that are scrutinized for their associative roles in plaque instability. Through their quantification and evaluation, these biomarkers reveal intricate molecular cross-talk governing plaque inflammation, rupture potential, and thrombogenicity. The current evidence demonstrates that plaque vulnerability phenotypes are multiple and heterogeneous and are associated with many highly complex molecular pathways that determine the activation of an immune-mediated cascade that culminates in thromboinflammation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge on molecular biomarkers expressed by symptomatic carotid plaques. It explores the association of these biomarkers with the structural and compositional attributes that characterize vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miceli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberta Pennacchio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Cocciola
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cuffaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Profita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Khan H, Shaikh F, Syed MH, Mamdani M, Saposnik G, Qadura M. Current Biomarkers for Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Metabolites 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 37623863 PMCID: PMC10456624 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS), an atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery, is one of the leading causes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and cerebrovascular attacks (CVA). The atherogenic process of CAS affects a wide range of physiological processes, such as inflammation, endothelial cell function, smooth muscle cell migration and many more. The current gold-standard test for CAS is Doppler ultrasound; however, there is yet to be determined a strong, clinically validated biomarker in the blood that can diagnose patients with CAS and/or predict adverse outcomes in such patients. In this comprehensive literature review, we evaluated all of the current research on plasma and serum proteins that are current contenders for biomarkers for CAS. In this literature review, 36 proteins found as potential biomarkers for CAS were categorized in to the following nine categories based on protein function: (1) Inflammation and Immunity, (2) Lipid Metabolism, (3) Haemostasis, (4) Cardiovascular Markers, (5) Markers of Kidney Function, (6) Bone Health, (7) Cellular Structure, (8) Growth Factors, and (9) Hormones. This literature review is the most up-to-date and current comprehensive review of research on biomarkers of CAS, and the only review that demonstrated the several pathways that contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. With this review, future studies can determine if any new markers, or a panel of the proteins explored in this study, may be contenders as diagnostic or prognostic markers for CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Khan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Muhammad Mamdani
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (M.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (H.K.); (F.S.); (M.H.S.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen St E, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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Identification Markers of Carotid Vulnerable Plaques: An Update. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091192. [PMID: 36139031 PMCID: PMC9496377 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable plaques have been a hot topic in the field of stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. Currently, risk stratification and intervention of carotid plaques are guided by the degree of luminal stenosis. Recently, it has been recognized that the vulnerability of plaques may contribute to the risk of stroke. Some classical interventions, such as carotid endarterectomy, significantly reduce the risk of stroke in symptomatic patients with severe carotid stenosis, while for asymptomatic patients, clinically silent plaques with rupture tendency may expose them to the risk of cerebrovascular events. Early identification of vulnerable plaques contributes to lowering the risk of cerebrovascular events. Previously, the identification of vulnerable plaques was commonly based on imaging technologies at the macroscopic level. Recently, some microscopic molecules pertaining to vulnerable plaques have emerged, and could be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review aimed to update the previous summarization of vulnerable plaques and identify vulnerable plaques at the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
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Gellen B, Thorin‐Trescases N, Thorin E, Gand E, Ragot S, Montaigne D, Pucheu Y, Mohammedi K, Gatault P, Potier L, Liuu E, Hadjadj S, Saulnier P, Marechaud R, Ragot S, Piguel X, Saulnier P, Javaugue V, Gand E, Hulin‐Delmotte C, Llatty P, Ducrocq G, Roussel R, Rigalleau V, Pucheu Y, Zaoui P, Montaigne D, Halimi J, Gatault P, Sosner P, Gellen B. Increased serum S100A12 levels are associated with higher risk of acute heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3909-3919. [PMID: 36637406 PMCID: PMC9773733 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The hyperglycaemic stress induces the release of inflammatory proteins such as S100A12, one of the endogenous ligands of the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Chronic activation of RAGE has multiple deleterious effects in target tissues such as the heart and the vessels by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation by the release of cytokines, macrophages infiltration, and vascular cell migration and proliferation, causing ultimately endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of circulating S100A12 beyond established cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) for heart failure (HF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum S100A12 concentrations were measured at baseline in 1345 type 2 diabetes patients (58% men, 64 ± 11 years) recruited in the SURDIAGENE prospective cohort. Endpoints were the occurrence of acute HF requiring hospitalization (HHF) and MACE. We used a proportional hazard model adjusted for established CVRF (age, sex, duration of diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine ratio, history of coronary artery disease) and serum S100A12. During the median follow-up of 84 months, 210 (16%) and 505 (38%) patients developed HHF and MACE, respectively. Baseline serum S100A12 concentrations were associated with an increased risk of HHF [hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) 1.28 (1.01-1.62)], but not MACE [1.04 (0.90-1.20)]. After adjustment for CVRF, S100A12 concentrations remained significantly associated with an increased risk of HHF [1.29 (1.01-1.65)]. In a sub-analysis, patients with high probability of pre-existing HF [N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) >1000 pg/mL, n = 87] were excluded. In the remaining 1258 patients, the association of serum S100A12 with the risk of HHF tended to be more pronounced [1.39 (1.06-1.83)]. When including the gold standard HF marker NT-proBNP in the model, the prognostic value of S100A12 for HHF did not reach significance. Youden method performed at 7 years for HHF prediction yielded an optimal cut-off for S100A12 concentration of 49 ng/mL (sensitivity 53.3, specificity 52.2). Compared with those with S100A12 ≤ 49 ng/mL, patients with S100A12 > 49 ng/mL had a significantly increased risk of HHF in the univariate model [HR = 1.58 (1.19-2.09), P = 0.0015] but also in the multivariate model [HR = 1.63 (1.23-2.16), P = 0.0008]. After addition of NT-proBNP to the multivariate model, S100A12 > 49 ng/mL remained associated with an increased risk of HHF [HR = 1.42 (1.07-1.90), P = 0.0160]. However, the addition of S100A12 categories on top of multivariate model enriched by NT-pro BNP did not improve the ability of the model to predict HHF (relative integrated discrimination improvement = 1.9%, P = 0.1500). CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes, increased serum S100A12 concentration is independently associated with risk of HHF, but not with risk of MACE. Compared with NT-proBNP, the potential clinical interest of S100A12 for the prediction of HF events remains limited. However, S100A12 could be a candidate for a multimarker approach for HF risk assessment in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Gellen
- ELSAN—Polyclinique de Poitiers1 Rue de la ProvidenceF‐86000PoitiersFrance
| | | | - Eric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research CenterMontrealQuebecCanada,Department of Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Montréal, Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Elise Gand
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, INSERMPoitiersFrance
| | - Stephanie Ragot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, INSERMPoitiersFrance
| | - David Montaigne
- Department of Clinical Physiology—EchocardiographyCHU LilleLilleFrance,INSERMU1011, EGID, Institut Pasteur de LilleUniversity of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Yann Pucheu
- Department of CardiologyCHU de BordeauxPessacFrance
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- Hôpital Haut‐Lévêque, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Medicine; INSERM unit 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular DiseasesBordeaux University HospitalBordeauxFrance
| | | | - Louis Potier
- Department of DiabetologyHôpital Bichat—Claude‐Bernard, APHP, Université de ParisParisFrance,Cordeliers Research Centre, ImMeDiab team, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Evelyne Liuu
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, INSERMPoitiersFrance,Department of GeriatricsCHU de PoitiersPoitiersFrance
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- L'institut du ThoraxINSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU NantesNantesFrance
| | - Pierre‐Jean Saulnier
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1402Université de Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, INSERMPoitiersFrance
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Zhang X, Cheng M, Gao N, Li Y, Yan C, Tian X, Liu D, Qiu M, Wang X, Luan B, Deng J, Wang S, Tian H, Wang G, Ma X, Stone GW, Han Y. Utility of S100A12 as an Early Biomarker in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:747511. [PMID: 34977174 PMCID: PMC8718434 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.747511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance: S100A12 is a calcium binding protein which is involved in inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis.Objective: We sought to investigate the utility of S100A12 as a biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognostication of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Design, Setting, and Participants: S100A12 was measured in 1023 patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain between June 2012 and November 2015. An independent cohort of 398 patients enrolled at 3 different hospitals served as a validation cohort.Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary clinical endpoint of interest was major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) defined as a composite of all-cause death, MI, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure.Results: A total of 438/1023 patients (42.8%) in the diagnosis cohort were adjudicated as STEMI, among whom plasma S100A12 levels increased within 30 min and peaked 1–2 h after symptom onset. Compared with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, S100A12 more accurately identified STEMI, especially within the first 2 h after symptom onset (area under the curve 0.963 compared with 0.860 for hscTnT and 0.711 for CK-MB, both P < 0.05). These results were consistent in the 243-patient validation cohort. The 1-year rate of MACCE was greatest in patients in the highest peak S100A12 tertile, intermediate in the middle tertile and least in the lowest tertile (9.3 vs. 5.7 vs. 3.0% respectively, Ptrend = 0.0006). By multivariable analysis the peak plasma concentration of S100A12 was an independent predictor of MACCE within 1 year after STEMI (HR, 1.001, 95%CI, 1.000–1.002; P = 0.0104).Conclusions and Relevance: S100A12 rapidly identified patients with STEMI, more accurately than other cardiac biomarkers, especially within the first 2 h after symptom onset. The peak plasma S100A12 level was a strong predictor of 1-year prognosis after STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghui Cheng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Naijing Gao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Miaohan Qiu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the Strategic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Tian
- Department of Cardiology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gregg W. Stone
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Heart and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yaling Han
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Meng Y, Zhang C, Liang L, Wei L, Wang H, Zhou F, Li R, Zou D, Huang X, Liu J. Identification of Potential Key Genes Involved in the Carotid Atherosclerosis. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1071-1084. [PMID: 34140767 PMCID: PMC8203271 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s312941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carotid atherosclerosis is a kind of systemic atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries. However, the efficiency of treatment is insufficient. Therefore, it is urgent to find therapeutic targets and deepen the understanding of carotid atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between atheroma plaque and macroscopically intact tissue (control samples). Furthermore, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis based on the DEGs. Four methods were used to identify the hub genes in the protein–protein interaction networks of the DEGs. Furthermore, we also performed network module analysis to reveal carotid atherosclerosis-related gene modules and biological functions. Results The enrichment results showed that the biological functions were related to inflammation, immunity, chemokine and cell adhesion molecule, such as PIK-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we screened the hub genes. A total of 16 up-regulated genes (C3AR1, CCR1, CCR2, CD33, CD53, CXCL10, CXCL8, CXCR4, CYBB, FCER1G, FPR2, ITGAL, ITGAM, ITGAX, ITGB2, and LILRB2) were identified as hub genes. A total of 5 gene modules were obtained. We found that biological functions obtained for each cluster were mostly related to immunity, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules. Conclusion The present study identified key DEGs in atheroma plaque compared with control samples. The key genes involved in the development of carotid atherosclerosis may provide valuable therapeutic targets for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshi Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lucong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
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Komatsu T, Ayaori M, Uto-Kondo H, Hayashi K, Tamura K, Sato H, Sasaki M, Nishida T, Takiguchi S, Yakushiji E, Nakaya K, Ikewaki K. Atorvastatin Reduces Circulating S100A12 Levels in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques - A Link with Plaque Inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:775-784. [PMID: 33952812 PMCID: PMC9135643 DOI: 10.5551/jat.61630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Inflammation is involved in various processes of atherosclerosis development. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a predictor for cardiovascular risk, are reportedly reduced by statins. However, several studies have demonstrated that CRP is a bystander during atherogenesis. While S100A12 has been focused on as an inflammatory molecule, it remains unclear whether statins affect circulating S100A12 levels. Here, we investigated whether atorvastatin treatment affected S100A12 and which biomarkers were correlated with changes in arterial inflammation.
Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized open-labeled trial on whether atorvastatin affected arterial (carotid and thoracic aorta) inflammation using18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) and inflammatory markers. Thirty-one statin-naïve patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were randomized to either a group receiving dietary management (n=15) or one receiving atorvastatin (10mg/day,n=16) for 12weeks.18F-FDG-PET/CT and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) were performed, the latter to evaluate endothelial function.
Results: Atorvastatin, but not the diet-only treatment, significantly reduced LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C, -43%), serum CRP (-37%) and S100A12 levels (-28%) and improved FMD (+38%).18F-FDG-PET/CT demonstrated that atorvastatin, but not the diet-only treatment, significantly reduced accumulation of18F-FDG in the carotid artery and thoracic aorta. A multivariate analysis revealed that reduction in CRP, S100A12, LDL-C, oxidized-LDL, and increase in FMD were significantly associated with reduced arterial inflammation in the thoracic aorta, but not in the carotid artery.
Conclusions: Atorvastatin treatment reduced S100A12/CRP levels, and the changes in these circulating markers mirrored the improvement in arterial inflammation. Our observations suggest that S100A12 may be an emerging therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Komatsu
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Makoto Ayaori
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.,Tokorozawa Heart Center
| | - Harumi Uto-Kondo
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | | | | | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Takafumi Nishida
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Shunichi Takiguchi
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Emi Yakushiji
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaya
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- Division of Anti-aging and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
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8
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Lira-Junior R, Holmström SB, Clark R, Zwicker S, Majster M, Johannsen G, Axtelius B, Åkerman S, Svensson M, Klinge B, Boström EA. S100A12 Expression Is Modulated During Monocyte Differentiation and Reflects Periodontitis Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32082330 PMCID: PMC7005221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein of the S100 subfamily of myeloid-related proteins that acts as an alarmin to induce a pro-inflammatory innate immune response. It has been linked to several chronic inflammatory diseases, however its role in the common oral immunopathology periodontitis is largely unknown. Previous in vitro monoculture experiments indicate that S100A12 production decreases during monocyte differentiation stages, while the regulation within tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated S100A12 expression in monocyte subsets, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and following polarization, both in monoculture and in a tissue context, utilizing a three-dimensional co-culture oral tissue model. Further, we explored the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis by analyzing its expression in peripheral circulation and gingival tissue, as well as in saliva. We found that S100A12 expression was higher in classical than in non-classical monocytes. S100A12 expression and protein secretion declined significantly during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, while polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages had no effect on either. Peripheral monocytes from periodontitis patients had higher S100A12 expression than monocytes from controls, a difference particularly observed in the intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets. Further, monocytes from periodontitis patients displayed an increased secretion of S100A12 compared with monocytes from controls. In oral tissue cultures, monocyte differentiation resulted in increased S100A12 secretion over time, which further increased after inflammatory stimuli. Likewise, S100A12 expression was higher in gingival tissue from periodontitis patients where monocyte-derived cells exhibited higher expression of S100A12 in comparison to non-periodontitis tissue. In line with our findings, patients with severe periodontitis had significantly higher levels of S100A12 in saliva compared to non-periodontitis patients, and the levels correlated to clinical periodontal parameters. Taken together, S100A12 is predominantly secreted by monocytes rather than by monocyte-derived cells. Moreover, S100A12 is increased in inflamed tissue cultures, potentially as a result of enhanced production by monocyte-derived cells. This study implicates the involvement of S100A12 in periodontitis pathogenesis, as evidenced by increased S100A12 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, which may be due to altered circulatory monocytes in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sofia Björnfot Holmström
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Reuben Clark
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Zwicker
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Majster
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Johannsen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Axtelius
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sigvard Åkerman
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth A Boström
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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9
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Salminen A, Vlachopoulou E, Havulinna AS, Tervahartiala T, Sattler W, Lokki ML, Nieminen MS, Perola M, Salomaa V, Sinisalo J, Meri S, Sorsa T, Pussinen PJ. Genetic Variants Contributing to Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 Levels and Their Association With Cardiovascular Diseases: A Genome-Wide Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001731. [PMID: 29212897 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) is a proinflammatory enzyme expressed mainly by neutrophils. Elevated serum and plasma concentrations of MMP-8 are associated with the risk for and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The origin of circulating MMP-8 is not completely clear. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a genome-wide association study of serum MMP-8 levels in 2 populations comprising altogether 6049 individuals. Moreover, we studied whether MMP-8-associated variants are linked to increased risk of CVDs and overall mortality in >20 000 subjects. The strongest association with serum MMP-8 was found in locus 1q31.3, containing the gene for complement factor H (lead single nucleotide polymorphism: rs800292; P=2.4×10-35). In functional experiments, activation of the alternative pathway of complement in the carriers of rs800292 minor allele (Ile62 in factor H) led to decreased release of MMP-8 from neutrophils compared with the major allele (Val62 in factor H). Another association was detected in 1q21.3, containing genes S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 (strongest association: rs1560833; P=5.3×10-15). The minor allele of rs1560833 was inversely associated with CVD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.90 [0.82-0.99]; P=0.032) and the time to incident CVD event (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.91 [0.84-0.99]; P=0.032) in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, the activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system strongly contributes to serum MMP-8 concentration. Genetic polymorphism in S100A9-S100A12-S100A8 locus affects serum and plasma MMP-8 and shows a suggestive association with the risk of CVDs. Our results show that genetic variation determines a significant portion of circulating MMP-8 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Salminen
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.).
| | - Efthymia Vlachopoulou
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Markus Perola
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Seppo Meri
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Timo Sorsa
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.), Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum (E.V., M.-L.L.), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (M.P.), Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit (S.M.), and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (A.S., T.T., T.S., P.J.P.); Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden (A.S., T.S.); Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., M.P., V.S.); Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria (W.S.); and Division of Cardiology, HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland (M.S.N., J.S.)
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10
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Skarpengland T, Skjelland M, Kong XY, Skagen K, Holm S, Otterdal K, Dahl CP, Krohg-Sørensen K, Sagen EL, Bjerkeli V, Aamodt AH, Abbas A, Gregersen I, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB. Increased Levels of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.006479. [PMID: 29330254 PMCID: PMC5850141 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Soluble lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (sLOX‐1) has been shown to be increased in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Here, we evaluated plasma sLOX‐1 levels and vascular carotid plaque LOX‐1 (ie, OLR1) gene expression in patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) with particular focus on their relation to time since symptom onset. Methods and Results Plasma sLOX‐1 (n=232) and carotid plaque OLR1 gene expression (n=146) were evaluated in patients who were referred to evaluation for carotid endarterectomy, as well as in healthy control plasma (n=81). Patients were categorized according to presence of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (n=35) ≤7 days, >7 days ≤3 months (n=90), >3 months (n=40), or no reported symptoms before study inclusion (n=67). Our major findings were the following: (1) Patients with carotid atherosclerosis had increased plasma sLOX‐1 levels as compared with controls. (2) Plaque OLR1 mRNA levels were increased in carotid plaques (n=146) compared with nonatherosclerotic vessels (ie, common iliac arteries of organ donors, n=10). (3) There were no differences in sLOX plasma levels or OLR1 gene expression when analyzed according to the time since relevant cerebral ischemic symptoms. (4) Also patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis without any previous ischemic events had raised sLOX‐1 levels. (5) Immunostaining showed colocalization between LOX‐1 and macrophages within the carotid plaques. (6) Also patients with acute stroke (within 7 days) caused by atrial fibrillation (n=22) had comparable raised sLOX‐1 levels. Conclusions sLOX‐1 levels are elevated in patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack independent of cause and time since the ischemic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiang Yi Kong
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Karolina Skagen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Krohg-Sørensen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen L Sagen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Bjerkeli
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Hege Aamodt
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway .,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Norway
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11
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Xia C, Braunstein Z, Toomey AC, Zhong J, Rao X. S100 Proteins As an Important Regulator of Macrophage Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1908. [PMID: 29379499 PMCID: PMC5770888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis, migration, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. The intracellular functions of S100 proteins involve interaction with intracellular receptors, membrane protein recruitment/transportation, transcriptional regulation and integrating with enzymes or nucleic acids, and DNA repair. The S100 proteins could also be released from the cytoplasm, induced by tissue/cell damage and cellular stress. The extracellular S100 proteins, serving as a danger signal, are crucial in regulating immune homeostasis, post-traumatic injury, and inflammation. Extracellular S100 proteins are also considered biomarkers for some specific diseases. In this review, we will discuss the multi-functional roles of S100 proteins, especially their potential roles associated with cell migration, differentiation, tissue repair, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xia
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amelia C Toomey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Rai V, Agrawal DK. The role of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns in inflammation-mediated vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1245-1253. [PMID: 28746820 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque formation starts with the inflammation in fatty streaks and progresses through atheroma, atheromatous plaque, and fibroatheroma leading to development of stable plaque. Hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Inflammation, infection with viruses and bacteria, and dysregulation in the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells leads to advanced plaque formation. Death of the cells in the intima due to inflammation results in secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), alarmins (S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins), and infection with pathogens leads to secretion of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, and peptidoglycans. DAMPs and PAMPs further activate the inflammatory surface receptors such as TREM-1 and toll-like receptors and downstream signaling kinases and transcription factors leading to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and interferon-γ and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These mediators and cytokines along with MMPs render the plaque vulnerable for rupture leading to ischemic events. In this review, we have discussed the role of DAMPs and PAMPs in association with inflammation-mediated plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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13
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Xiong XD, Xiong WD, Xiong SS, Chen GH. Research Progress on the Risk Factors and Outcomes of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:722-729. [PMID: 28303857 PMCID: PMC5358424 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.201598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process that results in complex lesions or plaques that protrude into the arterial lumen. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque rupture, with distal atheromatous debris embolization, causes cerebrovascular events. This review aimed to explore research progress on the risk factors and outcomes of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human carotid atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability for therapeutic intervention. Data Sources: We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to June 2016, with the key words of “risk factors”, “outcomes”, “blood components”, “molecular mechanisms”, “cellular mechanisms”, and “human carotid atherosclerotic plaques”. Study Selection: The articles, regarding the latest developments related to the risk factors and outcomes, atherosclerotic plaque composition, blood components, and consequences of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of human carotid atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability for therapeutic intervention, were selected. Results: This review described the latest researches regarding the interactive effects of both traditional and novel risk factors for human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, novel insights into human carotid atherosclerotic plaque composition and blood components, and consequences of human carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Carotid plaque biology and serologic biomarkers of vulnerability can be used to predict the risk of cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, plaque composition, rather than lesion burden, seems to most predict rupture and subsequent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022; Department of Neurology, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (People's Hospital of Lu'an City), Lu'an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022; High and New Technology Group Office, Hefei National Level High and New Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shang-Shen Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022; High and New Technology Group Office, Hefei National Level High and New Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 238000, China
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Langley SR, Willeit K, Didangelos A, Matic LP, Skroblin P, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Lengquist M, Rungger G, Kapustin A, Kedenko L, Molenaar C, Lu R, Barwari T, Suna G, Yin X, Iglseder B, Paulweber B, Willeit P, Shalhoub J, Pasterkamp G, Davies AH, Monaco C, Hedin U, Shanahan CM, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Mayr M. Extracellular matrix proteomics identifies molecular signature of symptomatic carotid plaques. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1546-1560. [PMID: 28319050 PMCID: PMC5373893 DOI: 10.1172/jci86924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The identification of patients with high-risk atherosclerotic plaques prior to the manifestation of clinical events remains challenging. Recent findings question histology- and imaging-based definitions of the “vulnerable plaque,” necessitating an improved approach for predicting onset of symptoms. METHODS. We performed a proteomics comparison of the vascular extracellular matrix and associated molecules in human carotid endarterectomy specimens from 6 symptomatic versus 6 asymptomatic patients to identify a protein signature for high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Proteomics data were integrated with gene expression profiling of 121 carotid endarterectomies and an analysis of protein secretion by lipid-loaded human vascular smooth muscle cells. Finally, epidemiological validation of candidate biomarkers was performed in two community-based studies. RESULTS. Proteomics and at least one of the other two approaches identified a molecular signature of plaques from symptomatic patients that comprised matrix metalloproteinase 9, chitinase 3-like-1, S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8), S100A9, cathepsin B, fibronectin, and galectin-3-binding protein. Biomarker candidates measured in 685 subjects in the Bruneck study were associated with progression to advanced atherosclerosis and incidence of cardiovascular disease over a 10-year follow-up period. A 4-biomarker signature (matrix metalloproteinase 9, S100A8/S100A9, cathepsin D, and galectin-3-binding protein) improved risk prediction and was successfully replicated in an independent cohort, the SAPHIR study. CONCLUSION. The identified 4-biomarker signature may improve risk prediction and diagnostics for the management of cardiovascular disease. Further, our study highlights the strength of tissue-based proteomics for biomarker discovery. FUNDING. UK: British Heart Foundation (BHF); King’s BHF Center; and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center based at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London in partnership with King’s College Hospital. Austria: Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT); Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (BMWFW); Wirtschaftsagentur Wien; and Standortagentur Tirol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Langley
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Karin Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ljubica Perisic Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregor Rungger
- Department of Neurology, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Alexander Kapustin
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chris Molenaar
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Nikon Imaging Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruifang Lu
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Temo Barwari
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonca Suna
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Iglseder
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alun H. Davies
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Buyukterzi Z, Can U, Alpaydin S, Guzelant A, Karaarslan S, Kocyigit D, Gurses KM. Enhanced S100A9 and S100A12 expression in acute coronary syndrome. Biomark Med 2017; 11:229-237. [PMID: 28157385 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 levels were markers of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). MATERIALS & METHODS Patients who underwent coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary interventions between June 2015-October 2015 were consecutively recruited in this study and categorized three groups each containing 30 patients (normal coronary arteries, stable coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome). Baseline characteristics, including co- morbidities and medications, were recorded and serum S100A8, S100A9, S100A12, and C- reactive protein levels were measured besides routine laboratory tests. RESULTS A total of 90 patients (63.00 [56.00-73.00] years, 62.89% male) have been included. None of the groups differed from each other regarding baseline characteristics (p > 0.05). S100A9 levels were elevated in ACS when compared with the normal coronary arteries (p = 0.033) and S100A12 levels were found to be elevated in ACS when compared with both patients with normal coronary arteries and stable coronary artery disease (p = 0.001). S100A12 was identified as an independent associate of ACS (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION These results suggest that S100A12 may serve as a marker of coronary plaque instability, and may have a therapeutic implication in ACS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Buyukterzi
- Department of Cardiology, Konya Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 42090 Meram Konya, Turkey
| | - Ummugulsum Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 42090 Meram Konya, Turkey
| | - Sertac Alpaydin
- Department of Cardiology, Konya Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 42090 Meram Konya, Turkey
| | - Asuman Guzelant
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Konya Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 42090 Meram Konya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Karaarslan
- Department of Cardiology, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, 06520 Balgat Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kocyigit
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadri Murat Gurses
- Department of Cardiology, Konya Training & Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 42090 Meram Konya, Turkey
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16
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Xia C, Braunstein Z, Toomey AC, Zhong J, Rao X. S100 Proteins As an Important Regulator of Macrophage Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 29379499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01908/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 proteins, a family of calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, have a broad range of intracellular and extracellular functions through regulating calcium balance, cell apoptosis, migration, proliferation, differentiation, energy metabolism, and inflammation. The intracellular functions of S100 proteins involve interaction with intracellular receptors, membrane protein recruitment/transportation, transcriptional regulation and integrating with enzymes or nucleic acids, and DNA repair. The S100 proteins could also be released from the cytoplasm, induced by tissue/cell damage and cellular stress. The extracellular S100 proteins, serving as a danger signal, are crucial in regulating immune homeostasis, post-traumatic injury, and inflammation. Extracellular S100 proteins are also considered biomarkers for some specific diseases. In this review, we will discuss the multi-functional roles of S100 proteins, especially their potential roles associated with cell migration, differentiation, tissue repair, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xia
- College of Health Science and Nursing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amelia C Toomey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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17
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Corr EM, Cunningham CC, Dunne A. Cholesterol crystals activate Syk and PI3 kinase in human macrophages and dendritic cells. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Skarpengland T, Dahl TB, Skjelland M, Scheffler K, de Sousa MML, Gregersen I, Kuśnierczyk A, Sharma A, Slupphaug G, Eide L, Segers FM, Skagen KR, Dahl CP, Russell D, Folkersen L, Krohg-Sørensen K, Holm S, Bjørås M, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B. Enhanced base excision repair capacity in carotid atherosclerosis may protect nuclear DNA but not mitochondrial DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:386-397. [PMID: 27381496 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesional and systemic oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, potentially leading to accumulation of DNA base lesions within atherosclerotic plaques. Although base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway counteracting oxidative DNA damage, our knowledge on BER and accumulation of DNA base lesions in clinical atherosclerosis is scarce. Here, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of a wide spectrum of BER components as well as DNA damage accumulation in atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic arteries. METHODS BER gene expression levels were analyzed in 162 carotid plaques, 8 disease-free carotid specimens from patients with carotid plaques and 10 non-atherosclerotic control arteries. Genomic integrity, mitochondrial (mt) DNA copy number, oxidative DNA damage and BER proteins were evaluated in a subgroup of plaques and controls. RESULTS Our major findings were: (i) The BER pathway showed a global increased transcriptional response in plaques as compared to control arteries, accompanied by increased expression of several BER proteins. (ii) Whereas nuclear DNA stability was maintained within carotid plaques, mtDNA integrity and copy number were decreased. (iii) Within carotid plaques, mRNA levels of several BER genes correlated with macrophage markers. (iv) In vitro, some of the BER genes were highly expressed in the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 macrophages, showing increased expression upon exposure to modified lipids. CONCLUSIONS The increased transcriptional response of BER genes in atherosclerosis may contribute to lesional nuclear DNA stability but appears insufficient to maintain mtDNA integrity, potentially influencing mitochondrial function in cells within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skarpengland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Skjelland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Katja Scheffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mirta Mittelsted Leal de Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Gregersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Kuśnierczyk
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filip M Segers
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | | | - Christen P Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Center of Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Russell
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Krohg-Sørensen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Lillehammer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Fuentes E, Palomo I, Rojas A. Cross-talk between platelet and tumor microenvironment: Role of multiligand/RAGE axis in platelet activation. Blood Rev 2016; 30:213-21. [PMID: 26723842 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Talca, Chile.
| | - Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Talca, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
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Androsova G, Krause R, Winterer G, Schneider R. Biomarkers of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:112. [PMID: 26106326 PMCID: PMC4460425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly surgical patients frequently experience postoperative delirium (POD) and the subsequent development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Clinical features include deterioration in cognition, disturbance in attention and reduced awareness of the environment and result in higher morbidity, mortality and greater utilization of social financial assistance. The aging Western societies can expect an increase in the incidence of POD and POCD. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been studied on the molecular level albeit with unsatisfying small research efforts given their societal burden. Here, we review the known physiological and immunological changes and genetic risk factors, identify candidates for further studies and integrate the information into a draft network for exploration on a systems level. The pathogenesis of these postoperative cognitive impairments is multifactorial; application of integrated systems biology has the potential to reconstruct the underlying network of molecular mechanisms and help in the identification of prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Androsova
- Bioinformatics core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of LuxembourgBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Roland Krause
- Bioinformatics core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of LuxembourgBelvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Georg Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Bioinformatics core, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of LuxembourgBelvaux, Luxembourg
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21
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Markers of inflammation associated with plaque progression and instability in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:718329. [PMID: 25960621 PMCID: PMC4415469 DOI: 10.1155/2015/718329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the focal expression of a systemic disease affecting medium- and large-sized arteries, in which traditional cardiovascular risk factor and immune factors play a key role. It is well accepted that circulating biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, reliably predict major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction or death. However, the relevance of biomarkers of systemic inflammation to atherosclerosis progression in the carotid artery is less established. The large majority of clinical studies focused on the association between biomarkers and subclinical atherosclerosis, that is, carotid intima-media thickening (cIMT), which represents an earlier stage of the disease. The aim of this work is to review inflammatory biomarkers that were associated with a higher atherosclerotic burden, a faster disease progression, and features of plaque instability, such as inflammation or neovascularization, in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque, which represents an advanced stage of disease compared with cIMT. The association of biomarkers with the occurrence of cerebrovascular events, secondary to carotid plaque rupture, will also be presented. Currently, the degree of carotid artery stenosis is used to predict the risk of future cerebrovascular events in patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. However, this strategy appears suboptimal. The identification of suitable biomarkers could provide a useful adjunctive criterion to ensure better risk stratification and optimize management.
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22
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Yan L, Bowman MAH. Chronic sustained inflammation links to left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic valve sclerosis: a new link between S100/RAGE and FGF23. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1. [PMID: 26082935 DOI: 10.14800/ics.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease including left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and ectopic valvular calcification are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both S100A12 and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been identified as biomarkers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. We tested the hypothesis that human S100/calgranulin would accelerate cardiovascular disease in mice subjected to CKD. METHODS This review paper focuses on S100 proteins and their receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and summarizes recent findings obtained in novel developed transgenic hBAC-S100 mice that express S100A12 and S100A8/9 proteins. A bacterial artificial chromosome of the human S100/calgranulin gene cluster containing the genes and regulatory elements for S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 was expressed in C57BL/6J mice (hBAC-S100). CKD was induced by ureteral ligation, and hBAC-S100 mice and WT mice were studied after 10 weeks of chronic uremia. RESULTS hBAC-S100 mice with CKD showed increased FGF23 in the heart, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, focal cartilaginous metaplasia and calcification of the mitral and aortic valve annulus together with aortic valve sclerosis. This phenotype was not observed in WT mice with CKD or in hBAC-S100 mice lacking RAGE with CKD, suggesting that the inflammatory milieu mediated by S100/RAGE promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy in CKD. In vitro, inflammatory stimuli including IL-6, TNFα, LPS, or serum from hBAC-S100 mice up regulated FGF23 mRNA and protein in primary murine neonatal and adult cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study shows that myeloid-derived human S100/calgranulin is associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and ectopic cardiac calcification in a RAGE dependent manner in a mouse model of CKD. We speculate that FGF23 produced by cardiac fibroblasts in response to cytokines may act in a paracrine manner to accelerate LVH and diastolic dysfunction in hBAC-S100 mice with CKD. We suggest that S100/RAGE-mediated chronic sustained systemic inflammation is linked to pathological cardiac remodeling via direct up regulation of FGF23 in cardiac fibroblasts, thereby providing a new mechanistic understanding for the common association between CKD, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, or hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Marion A Hofmann Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
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Nakaoka H, Tajima A, Yoneyama T, Hosomichi K, Kasuya H, Mizutani T, Inoue I. Gene expression profiling reveals distinct molecular signatures associated with the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. Stroke 2014; 45:2239-45. [PMID: 24938844 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA) causes subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with high morbidity and mortality. We compared gene expression profiles in aneurysmal domes between unruptured IAs and ruptured IAs (RIAs) to elucidate biological mechanisms predisposing to the rupture of IA. METHODS We determined gene expression levels of 8 RIAs, 5 unruptured IAs, and 10 superficial temporal arteries with the Agilent microarrays. To explore biological heterogeneity of IAs, we classified the samples into subgroups showing similar gene expression patterns, using clustering methods. RESULTS The clustering analysis identified 4 groups: superficial temporal arteries and unruptured IAs were aggregated into their own clusters, whereas RIAs segregated into 2 distinct subgroups (early and late RIAs). Comparing gene expression levels between early RIAs and unruptured IAs, we identified 430 upregulated and 617 downregulated genes in early RIAs. The upregulated genes were associated with inflammatory and immune responses and phagocytosis including S100/calgranulin genes (S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12). The downregulated genes suggest mechanical weakness of aneurysm walls. The expressions of Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLF2, KLF12, and KLF15), which were anti-inflammatory regulators, and CDKN2A, which was located on chromosome 9p21 that was the most consistently replicated locus in genome-wide association studies of IA, were also downregulated. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that gene expression patterns of RIAs were different according to the age of patients. The results suggest that macrophage-mediated inflammation is a key biological pathway for IA rupture. The identified genes can be good candidates for molecular markers of rupture-prone IAs and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nakaoka
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Taku Yoneyama
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Hidetoshi Kasuya
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Tohru Mizutani
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.)
| | - Ituro Inoue
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan (H.N., K.H., I.I.); Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan (A.T.); Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan (T.Y., H.K.); and Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan (T.M.).
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24
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Sharma R, Macy S, Richardson K, Lokhnygina Y, Laskowitz DT. A blood-based biomarker panel to detect acute stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:910-8. [PMID: 24119630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop an adjunctive, peripheral biomarker test to differentiate ischemic strokes, intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs), and stroke mimics in the acute setting. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 167 patients who presented with an acute neurologic deficit within 24 hours of symptom onset. Patients were adjudicated to ischemic stroke, ICH, and mimic pathology groups based on clinical and radiographic findings. Samples were tested for levels of 262 potential markers. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model of 5 biomarkers was built by stepwise selection and validated by bootstrapping. Its discriminative capacity was quantified by C index and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS The final model consisted of eotaxin, epidermal growth factor receptor, S100A12, metalloproteinase inhibitor-4, and prolactin. It demonstrated a discriminative capacity for ischemic stroke versus mimic (C = .92), ischemic stroke and ICH versus mimic (C = .93), and ischemic stroke versus ICH (C = .82). The inclusion of biomarkers to a model consisting of age, race, and gender resulted in an NRI of 161% when detecting ischemic stroke versus mimic (P < .0001), an improvement of 171% when detecting ischemic strokes plus ICH versus mimic (P < .0001), and an improvement of 56% when detecting ischemic strokes versus ICH (P = .1419). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that information obtained from a 5-biomarker panel may add valuable information in the early evaluation and management of patients with stroke-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Macy
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kara Richardson
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
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25
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Wakisaka Y, Ago T, Kamouchi M, Kuroda J, Matsuo R, Hata J, Gotoh S, Isomura T, Awano H, Suzuki K, Fukuda K, Okada Y, Kiyohara Y, Ooboshi H, Kitazono T. Plasma S100A12 is associated with functional outcome after ischemic stroke: Research for Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke. J Neurol Sci 2014; 340:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Fuentes E, Rojas A, Palomo I. Role of multiligand/RAGE axis in platelet activation. Thromb Res 2014; 133:308-14. [PMID: 24296115 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plaque progression, platelet hyperactivity associated with hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of a pro-thrombotic state. In this context, it has been demonstrated that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) significantly increases platelet activation and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression at the platelet surface membrane. In addition to AGEs, other ligands (S100, HMGB1 and amyloid β, among others) of RAGE have raised particular attention in platelet activation. Therefore, in this article we describe platelet hyperactivity by AGEs via RAGE-independent and RAGE-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile.
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27
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Abstract
S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 are considered proinflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis. Known as calgranulins, they are major components of neutrophils and are upregulated in macrophages and foam cells. They influence leukocyte recruitment, and may propagate inflammation by binding TLR4 and/or receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). However, the receptors for calgranulins remain an enigma; we have no evidence for TLR4 or RAGE activation by S100A8 or S100A12. Moreover, gene regulation studies suggest antiinflammatory functions for S100A8 and emerging reports indicate pleiotropic roles. Unlike S100A9, S100A8 effectively scavenges oxidants generated by the myeloperoxidase system in vivo, forming novel thiol modifications. S100A8 is also readily S-nitrosylated, stabilizing nitric oxide and transporting it to hemoglobin. S100A8-SNO reduces leukocyte transmigration in the vasculature. S-glutathionylation of S100A9 modifies its effects on leukocyte adhesion. Both S100A8 forms inhibit mast cell activation, at least partially by scavenging reactive oxygen species required for signaling. Conversely, S100A12 activates and sequesters mast cells. However S100A12 suppresses proinflammatory cytokine induction by SAA-activated monocytes and macrophages, and inhibits matrix metalloprotease activity. We propose that the abundance and types of cells expressing calgranulins in particular microenvironments, their relative concentrations and post-translational modifications may have distinct functional outcomes, including those that are protective, at different stages of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales
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28
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S100A8 and S100A9: DAMPs at the crossroads between innate immunity, traditional risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:828354. [PMID: 24453429 PMCID: PMC3881579 DOI: 10.1155/2013/828354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of innate immune responses by endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes inflammation. The involvement of S100A8 and S100A9, DAMPs belonging to the S100 calgranulin family, in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is attracting an increasing amount of interest. S100A8 and S100A9 (also termed MRP8 and MRP14) preferentially form the S100A8/A9 heterodimer (MRP8/14 or calprotectin) and are constitutively expressed in myeloid cells. The levels of circulating S100A8/A9 in humans strongly correlate to blood neutrophil counts and are increased by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. S100A8/A9 is an endogenous ligand of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and has been shown to promote atherogenesis in mice. In humans, S100A8/A9 correlates with the extent of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and with a vulnerable plaque phenotype. S100A8/A9 is locally released following myocardial infarction and amplifies the inflammatory responses associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Elevated plasma levels of S100A8/A9 are associated with increased risk of future coronary events in healthy individuals and in myocardial infarction survivors. Thus, S100A8/A9 might represent a useful biomarker and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Importantly, S100A8/A9 blockers have been developed and are approved for clinical testing.
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29
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Liu J, Ren YG, Zhang LH, Tong YW, Kang L. Serum S100A12 concentrations are correlated with angiographic coronary lesion complexity in patients with coronary artery disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 74:149-54. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.864786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Yan L, Bjork P, Butuc R, Gawdzik J, Earley J, Kim G, Hofmann Bowman MA. Beneficial effects of quinoline-3-carboxamide (ABR-215757) on atherosclerotic plaque morphology in S100A12 transgenic ApoE null mice. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:69-79. [PMID: 23497784 PMCID: PMC3640742 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is an emerging widespread interest in the role of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMP) S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 in cardiovascular and other diseases. In this study we tested the efficacy of ABR-215757, a S100 protein binding immuno-modulatory compound to stabilize atherosclerosis in transgenic ApoE null mice that express the human pro-inflammatory S100A12 protein within the smooth muscle cell (SM22α-S100A12). METHODS Twelve-week old S100A12 transgenic/ApoE(-/-) and WT/ApoE(-/-) mice were treated with ABR-21575 for 5 weeks and were analyzed 4 month later. RESULTS Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that S100A12 interacts with ABR-215757 in a zinc dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, ABR-215757 administration reduced features of advanced plaque morphology resulting in smaller necrotic cores, diminished intimal and medial vascular calcification, and reduced amount of infiltrating inflammatory cells. ABR-215757 normalized aortic expression of RAGE protein and normalized experimentally-induced delayed hypersensitivity. The effect of ABR-215757 was more prominent in ApoE(-/-) mice expressing S100A12 than in ApoE(-/-) animals lacking expression of human S100A12 protein. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that S100A12 is important for progression of atherosclerosis and can be targeted by the small molecule ABR-215757. The specific binding of quinoline-3-carboxamides to S100A12 attenuates S100A12-mediated features of accelerated murine atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Calgranulin B/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- S100 Proteins/genetics
- S100 Proteins/metabolism
- S100A12 Protein
- Vasculitis/drug therapy
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/pathology
- Zinc/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Per Bjork
- Active Biotech AB, Scheelev. 22, S-22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Radu Butuc
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Gawdzik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Earley
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gene Kim
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, The University of Chicago, IL, USA
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