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Saqr AHA, Kamali C, Brunnbauer P, Haep N, Koch P, Hillebrandt KH, Keshi E, Moosburner S, Mohr R, Raschzok N, Pratschke J, Krenzien F. Optimized protocol for quantification of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: evaluating clinical parameters and pre-analytical factors for translational research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1278641. [PMID: 38259852 PMCID: PMC10800990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1278641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme for more than 500 enzymes, plays a central role in energy production, metabolism, cellular signaling, and DNA repair. Until recently, NAD+ was primarily considered to be an intracellular molecule (iNAD+), however, its extracellular species (eNAD+) has recently been discovered and has since been associated with a multitude of pathological conditions. Therefore, accurate quantification of eNAD+ in bodily fluids such as plasma is paramount to answer important research questions. In order to create a clinically meaningful and reliable quantitation method, we analyzed the relationship of cell lysis, routine clinical laboratory parameters, blood collection techniques, and pre-analytical processing steps with measured plasma eNAD+ concentrations. Initially, NAD+ levels were assessed both intracellularly and extracellularly. Intriguingly, the concentration of eNAD+ in plasma was found to be approximately 500 times lower than iNAD+ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (0.253 ± 0.02 μM vs. 131.8 ± 27.4 μM, p = 0.007, respectively). This stark contrast suggests that cellular damage or cell lysis could potentially affect the levels of eNAD+ in plasma. However, systemic lactate dehydrogenase in patient plasma, a marker of cell damage, did not significantly correlate with eNAD+ (n = 33; r = -0.397; p = 0.102). Furthermore, eNAD+ was negatively correlated with increasing c-reactive protein (CRP, n = 33; r = -0.451; p = 0.020), while eNAD+ was positively correlated with increasing hemoglobin (n = 33; r = 0.482; p = 0.005). Next, variations in blood drawing, sample handling and pre-analytical processes were examined. Sample storage durations at 4°C (0-120 min), temperature (0° to 25°C), cannula sizes for blood collection and tourniquet times (0 - 120 s) had no statistically significant effect on eNAD+ (p > 0.05). On the other hand, prolonged centrifugation (> 5 min) and a faster braking mode of the centrifuge rotor (< 4 min) resulted in a significant decrease in eNAD+ levels (p < 0.05). Taken together, CRP and hemoglobin appeared to be mildly correlated with eNAD+ levels whereas cell damage was not correlated significantly to eNAD+ levels. The blood drawing trial did not show any influence on eNAD+, in contrast, the preanalytical steps need to be standardized for accurate eNAD+ measurement. This work paves the way towards robust eNAD+ measurements, for use in future clinical and translational research, and provides an optimized hands-on protocol for reliable eNAD+ quantification in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hussein Ahmed Saqr
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Kamali
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Brunnbauer
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Haep
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Koch
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Hillebrandt
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eriselda Keshi
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Jiang Z, Lu Y, Shi M, Li H, Duan J, Huang J. Effects of storage temperature, storage time, and hemolysis on the RNA quality of blood specimens: A systematic quantitative assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16234. [PMID: 37260878 PMCID: PMC10227325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood samples are the most common biospecimen in biobanks, and RNA from such blood samples is an important material for biomedical research. High-quality RNA is essential for consistent, reliable results. Preanalytical environmental conditions can affect the quality of blood RNA. Here, we carried out a quantitative assessment of the influence of storage temperature, storage time, and hemolysis on the RNA quality of blood specimens in biobanks. Methods Before RNA purification, blood samples from volunteers were exposed to 4 °C for 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h, 3 days, or 1 week, or exposed to room temperature (22-30 °C) for 1, 2, 6, 12, or 24 h. Hemolyzed samples were collected from laboratory department and some of them were prepared using the freeze-thaw method. After exposure to different preanalytical environmental conditions, the RNA simple Total RNA Kit was used to purify the RNA, following which a NanoDrop™ One and Qsep 100 Bio-Fragment Analyzer were used to assess RNA concentration, purity, and integrity. In addition, a part of the RNA was immediately reverse transcribed into cDNA when it was purified, then the relative expression levels of 18S, ACTB, HIF1α, HMOX1, and MKI67 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, 30 blood samples were collected from the surplus samples in our laboratory department to assess their RNA quality without knowledge of their storage conditions (duration/temperature). Results For blood samples stored at 4 °C, there was a significant difference between the RNA integrity after 1 week compared to after 2 h. For blood samples stored at room temperature (22-30 °C), the RNA integrity was also significantly different at 6 h and 0 h. Hemolysis caused by freeze-thawing severely affected RNA quality, whereas clinical hemolysis generally produced no significant effects. Moreover, expression of 18S, ACTB, HIF1α, HMOX1, and MKI67 in whole blood stored under different conditions showed irregular changes, suggesting that preservation conditions are also important for gene expression. Conclusion RNA integrity was qualified for blood samples stored at 4 °C for up to 72 h or at room temperature (22-30 °C) for up to 2 h. Hemolysis usually does not affect the RNA quality of blood samples unless the hemolysis method damages leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Jiang
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Manying Shi
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Junkai Duan
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
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Ghosh S, Kurpad AV, Sachdev HS, Thomas T. A risk-based approach to measuring population micronutrient status from blood biomarker concentrations. Front Nutr 2022; 9:991707. [PMID: 36225864 PMCID: PMC9548994 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.991707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrient biomarkers and their definitive cut-offs are used to classify individuals as nutrient-deficient or sufficient. This determinism does not consider any uncertainty, and a probability approach, using biomarker distributions, is then preferable to define the risk of nutrition deficiency when in populations. Method Healthy 1–19-year-old children and adolescents were selected from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), to obtain probability distributions of their retinol, zinc and vitamin B12, along with erythrocyte folate. Model-based estimates of location, scale and shape parameters of these distributions were obtained across ages. Subsequently, in the entire sample of 1–19 year old children of CNNS, the population risk of deficiency (PRD) which is average risk of deficiency in individuals in the population was computed, which is “of concern” when >50%. When individual risk of deficiency is >97.5% it is called “severe risk of deficiency” (SRD). Results In the entire CNNS sample, the PRD of concern was low for serum retinol (3.6–8.2%), zinc (0–5.5%), and SRD of vitamin B12 and erythrocyte folate were 2.3–7.2% and 4.2–9.7%, respectively, across age and sex groups. Conclusion This proposed method assesses the adequacy of nutrient exposures without relying on pre-defined deterministic biomarker cut-offs to define micronutrient deficiency and avoids errors in exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshpal S. Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- *Correspondence: Tinku Thomas
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Pullakhandam R, Ghosh S, Kulkarni B, Reddy GB, Rajkumar H, Kapil U, Deb S, Kurpad AV, Sachdev HS. Reference cut-offs to define low serum zinc concentrations in healthy 1-19 year old Indian children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1150-1157. [PMID: 35140314 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Population zinc (Zn) status assessment is based on serum zinc concentration (SZC) cut-offs defined by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). The objective of this study is to derive reference SZC cut-offs in apparently healthy 1-19 year Indian children and adolescents using comprehensive national nutrition survey (CNNS) data, and to measure the prevalence of Zn deficiency. SUBJECTS/METHODS Apparently healthy children (n = 12,473) were selected from the CNNS, by including the highest 2 wealth quintiles, and excluding stunted, thin and obese children, and those with CRP > 5 mg/L, anaemia, hypo-albuminemia, diabetes, recent diarrhoea and history of smoking. The 2.5th centile of age-based distributions defined the SZC cut-offs, used to measure the prevalence of Zn deficiency in India, as against the IZiNCG cut-offs. RESULTS The present study SZC cut-offs were significantly lower, by 10-18 µg/dL, than the IZiNCG cut-offs; more in adolescents. Prevalence of Zn deficiency in the entire CNNS, with these cut-offs, was 2.7 (<10 years) to 5.5 (10-19 years) times lower than with the IZiNCG cut-offs. No geographical state, nor any age group, had Zn deficiency as a serious public health problem (≥20%). In contrast, with IZiNCG cut-offs, 9-27 states (depending on age group) had a public health problem. CONCLUSIONS The present study reference SZC cut-offs for Zn deficiency are lower than the IZiNCG cut-offs, and their rigorous selection from a national sample makes them more appropriate for use in India. A re-examination of the global applicability of IZiNCG recommended cut-offs in other LMICs appears appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Pullakhandam
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Bharati Kulkarni
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemalatha Rajkumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Umesh Kapil
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sila Deb
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
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Ain QU, Sarfraz M, Prasesti GK, Dewi TI, Kurniati NF. Confounders in Identification and Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101464. [PMID: 34680097 PMCID: PMC8533132 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory biomarkers have been increasingly used in epidemiologic and intervention studies over the past decades to evaluate and identify an association of systemic inflammation with cardiovascular diseases. Although there is a strong correlation between the elevated level of inflammatory biomarkers and the pathology of various cardiovascular diseases, the mechanisms of the underlying cause are unclear. Identification of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins, and other soluble immune factors can help in the early diagnosis of disease. The presence of certain confounding factors such as variations in age, sex, socio-economic status, body mass index, medication and other substance use, and medical illness, as well as inconsistencies in methodological practices such as sample collection, assaying, and data cleaning and transformation, may contribute to variations in results. The purpose of the review is to identify and summarize the effect of demographic factors, epidemiological factors, medication use, and analytical and pre-analytical factors with a panel of inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL-1b, IL-6, TNFa, and the soluble TNF receptors on the concentration of these inflammatory biomarkers in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurrat Ul Ain
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (Q.U.A.); (G.K.P.)
| | - Mehak Sarfraz
- Department of Pharmacy, Comsats University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Gayuk Kalih Prasesti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (Q.U.A.); (G.K.P.)
| | - Triwedya Indra Dewi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40124, Indonesia;
| | - Neng Fisheri Kurniati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia; (Q.U.A.); (G.K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; +62-853-1582-6154
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Jones KS, Meadows SR, Chamberlain K, Parkington DA, Collins D, Page P, Koulman A. Delayed Processing of Chilled Whole Blood for 24 Hours Does Not Affect the Concentration of the Majority of Micronutrient Status Biomarkers. J Nutr 2021; 151:3524-3532. [PMID: 34302347 PMCID: PMC8564691 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of micronutrient status is essential to understand the health of individuals and populations, but there are limited data on the stability of micronutrients in whole blood. OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate the effects of delayed processing of whole blood on the stability of 25 micronutrient and selected clinical biomarkers. METHODS Blood from 16 healthy adults was collected into EDTA, lithium heparin (LH), or serum tubes. Samples were processed within 2 hours of collection ("2-hour processed") or mailed overnight (boxed with frozen cold packs) before processing ("24-hour processed"). Micronutrient and clinical biomarker concentrations were quantified with validated methods. The concentration percentage difference between the 2- and 24-hour processed samples was calculated and was compared against quality specifications determined from intra- and interindividual variations. RESULTS All analytes had a sample type where the percentage difference concentration between 2-hour and 24-hour processed samples was ≤4% and was acceptable based on calculated limits, including for biomarkers of vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, folate, vitamin B-12, iron (ferritin), and zinc status and for selected clinical markers, C-reactive protein, HDL and total cholesterol, and triglycerides. EDTA plasma vitamin C was lower compared to the 2-hour processed sample (geometric mean, 43%; 95% CI: 36%-49%). Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (vitamin B-6 biomarker) decreased, with differences from the 2-hour processed samples of -8% (95% CI: -13% to -2%) and -14% (95% CI: -18% to -9%) in LH plasma and serum, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In blood collected from adult participants, delayed processing of chilled whole blood for 24 hours did not materially affect the measured concentrations of the majority of micronutrients and selected clinical biomarkers. This suggests that for these analytes, adherence to a 2-hour processing protocol may be unnecessary. This knowledge is valuable and may help to simplify logistics for sample transport and processing of blood samples for micronutrient status assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah R Meadows
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Damon A Parkington
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dave Collins
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Polly Page
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Sachdev HS, Porwal A, Acharya R, Ashraf S, Ramesh S, Khan N, Kapil U, Kurpad AV, Sarna A. Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia in a national sample of healthy children and adolescents aged 1-19 years in India: a population-based study. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e822-e831. [PMID: 33872581 PMCID: PMC7612991 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WHO's haemoglobin cutoffs to define anemia were based on five studies of predominantly White adult populations, done over 50 years ago. Therefore, a general re-examination of the existing haemoglobin cutoffs is warranted for global application, in representative healthy populations of children and adults. Such data are scarce in low-income and middle-income countries; however, a 2019, large-scale, nationally representative survey of children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in India (Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey [CNNS]) offered an opportunity for this re-examination. Using this survey, we aimed to assess the age-specific and sex-specific percentiles of haemoglobin and cutoffs to define anaemia in the CNNS population. METHODS For this population-based study, we constructed age-specific and sex-specific haemoglobin percentiles from values reported for a defined healthy population in the CNNS, which used rigorous quality control measures during sample collection and in the laboratory analyses. To obtain a healthy population, we excluded participants with iron, folate, vitamin B12, and retinol deficiencies; inflammation; variant haemoglobins (haemoglobin A2 and haemoglobin S); and history of smoking. We considered age-specific and sex-specific 5th percentiles of haemoglobin derived for this healthy population as the study cutoff to define anaemia. We compared these with existing WHO cutoffs to assess significant differences between them at each year of age and sex for quantifying the prevalence of anaemia in the entire CNNS sample. FINDINGS Between Feb 24, 2016, and Oct 26, 2018, the CNNS survey collected blood samples from 49 486 individuals. 41 210 participants had a haemoglobin value, 8087 of whom were included in our study and comprised the primary analytical sample. Compared with existing WHO cutoffs, the study cutoffs for haemoglobin were lower at all ages, usually by 1-2 g/dL, but more so in children of both sexes aged 1-2 years and in girls aged 10 years or older. Aanemia prevalence with the study cutoffs was 19·2 percentage points lower than with WHO cutoffs in the entire CNNS sample with valid haemoglobin values across all ages and sexes (10·8% with study cutoffs vs 30·0% with WHO cutoffs). INTERPRETATION These findings support the re-examination of WHO haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia. Our haemoglobin reference percentiles, derived from healthy participants in a large representative Indian survey, are suitable for national use in India. Substantial variations in the 5th percentile of haemoglobin values across the 1-19 years age range and between sexes argue against constructing common cutoffs in stratified age groups for convenience. FUNDING None. TRANSLATIONS For the Hindi, Punjabi, Tamil and Kannada translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshpal Singh Sachdev
- Paediatrics and Clinical Epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Akash Porwal
- Population Council, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajib Acharya
- Population Council, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Ashraf
- Population Council, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Population Council, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Umesh Kapil
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Avina Sarna
- Population Council, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
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Monasso GS, Küpers LK, Jaddoe VWV, Heil SG, Felix JF. Associations of circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations in early pregnancy and cord blood with epigenetic gestational age: the Generation R Study. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:95. [PMID: 33926538 PMCID: PMC8082638 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations during fetal development have been associated with health outcomes in childhood. Changes in fetal DNA methylation may be an underlying mechanism. This may be reflected in altered epigenetic aging of the fetus, as compared to chronological aging. The difference between gestational age derived in clinical practice and gestational age predicted from neonatal DNA methylation data is referred to as gestational age acceleration. Differences in circulating folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations during fetal development may be associated with gestational age acceleration. RESULTS Up to 1346 newborns participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study, had both cord blood DNA methylation data available and information on plasma folate, serum total and active B12 and plasma homocysteine concentrations, measured in early pregnancy and/or in cord blood. A subgroup of 380 newborns had mothers with optimal pregnancy dating based on a regular menstrual cycle and a known date of last menstrual period. For comparison, gestational age acceleration was calculated based the method of both Bohlin and Knight. In the total study population, which was more similar to Bohlin's training population, one standard deviation score (SDS) higher maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations was nominally associated with positive gestational age acceleration [0.07 weeks, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02, 0.13] by Bohlin's method. In the subgroup with pregnancy dating based on last menstrual period, the method that was also used in Knight's training population, one SDS higher cord serum total and active B12 concentrations were nominally associated with negative gestational age acceleration [(- 0.16 weeks, 95% CI - 0.30, - 0.02) and (- 0.15 weeks, 95% CI - 0.29, - 0.01), respectively] by Knight's method. CONCLUSIONS We found some evidence to support associations of higher maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations with positive gestational age acceleration, suggesting faster epigenetic than clinical gestational aging. Cord serum vitamin B12 concentrations may be associated with negative gestational age acceleration, indicating slower epigenetic than clinical gestational aging. Future studies could examine whether altered fetal epigenetic aging underlies the associations of circulating homocysteine and vitamin B12 blood concentrations during fetal development with long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta S Monasso
- The Generation R Study Group (Na-2918), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- The Generation R Study Group (Na-2918), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group (Na-2918), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group (Na-2918), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Barranco I, Tvarijonaviciute A, Padilla L, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Roca J, Lucas X. Delays in processing and storage of pig seminal plasma alters levels of contained antioxidants. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:416-423. [PMID: 33187679 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) antioxidants are considered biomarkers of sperm function and fertility for AI-boars. The current protocol for their measurement implies the SP was harvested immediately after ejaculation and prompt stored at -80 °C until analysis. Such protocol may be impractical for AI-centers. This study evaluated how SP levels of antioxidants were influenced by delays in (1) SP-harvesting (0 [control], 2 or 24 h at 17 °C after ejaculate collection), in (2) SP-freezing (0 [control] or 24 h at 17 °C after SP-harvesting) or (3) the temperature of storage (-80 °C [control] or - 20 °C). The SP-antioxidants evaluated were: glutathione peroxidase [GPx], superoxide dismutase [SOD], paraoxonase-1 [PON-1], trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity [TEAC] and oxidative stress index [OSI]. A total of 120 aliquots from 10 entire ejaculates were handled in three trials. They were centrifuged (1500 g, 10 min) for harvesting SP and antioxidants were measured with an Automatic Chemistry Analyzer. A 24 h-delay in harvesting the SP led to an increase (p˂0.001) in TEAC and SOD SP-levels, and a decrease (p˂0.05) of OSI and PON-1. Similarly, a 24 h-delay to freeze the SP increased (p˂0.01) TEAC values and decreased (p˂0.01) PON-1 and GPx activity levels. Finally, storing the SP at -20 °C decreased (p˂0.001) SP-levels of TEAC, PON-1 and GPx, and increased (p˂0.01) OSI values. Strong positive relationships (p˂0.001) were found between antioxidant SP-levels in processed samples and their respective controls. In sum, handling and SP storage influence antioxidant measurements in AI-boars. Reliable levels of SP-antioxidants can only be warranted if a strict protocol for harvesting and SP storage is followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Barranco
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Lorena Padilla
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Roca
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Xiomara Lucas
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
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Ley SH, Chavarro JE, Hinkle SN, Li M, Tsai MY, Hu FB, Zhang C. Lifetime duration of lactation and chronic inflammation among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001229. [PMID: 33115816 PMCID: PMC7594200 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Longer duration of lactation is associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risk, but pathogenic pathways involved in the disease progression are unclear, especially among high-risk women. We aimed to examine the associations of lifetime lactation duration with cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Women with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective cohort study, were identified and followed through biennial questionnaires beginning in 1991. Lactation history was asked in three follow-up questionnaires to calculate lifetime duration. In 2012-2014, fasting blood samples were collected through the Diabetes & Women's Health Study to measure inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6), liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), and lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). RESULTS At follow-up blood collection, women were at median age 58.2 (95% CI 51 to 65) years and 26.3 (95% CI 15.7 to 34.1) years since GDM index pregnancy. After multiple adjustment including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), longer duration of lactation was significantly associated with lower CRP (least squares (LS) mean 1.90 mg/L (95% CI 1.47 to 2.45) for 0-month lactation, 1.98 mg/L (95% CI 1.68 to 2.32) for up to 12-month lactation, 1.67 mg/L (95% CI 1.42 to 1.97) for 12-24 month lactation, and 1.39 mg/L (95% CI 1.19 to 1.62) for >24-month lactation; p trend=0.003) and IL-6 (1.25 pg/L (95% CI 0.94 to 1.68), 1.19 pg/L (95% CI 0.99 to 1.42), 1.04 pg/L (95% CI 0.87 to 1.25), and 0.93 pg/L (95% CI 0.78 to 1.11); p trend=0.04). Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk for chronic inflammation using CRP 3 mg/L cut-off in middle-aged women (OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.940 per 1-year increase) with multiple adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Longer lifetime duration of lactation was associated with favorable inflammatory biomarker concentrations in middle-aged women with a history of GDM. Chronic inflammatory pathways may be responsible for previously reported associations between lactation and long-term risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia H Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefanie N Hinkle
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mengying Li
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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The CRESS checklist for reporting stability studies: on behalf of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 59:59-69. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To ensure that clinical laboratories produce results that are both accurate and of clinical utility it is essential that only samples of adequate quality are analysed. Although various studies and databases assessing the stability of analytes in different settings do exist, guidance on how to perform and report stability studies is lacking. This results in studies that often do not report essential information, thus compromising transferability of the data. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the
C
hecklist for
R
eporting
S
tability
S
tudies (CRESS) against which future studies should be reported to ensure standardisation of reporting and easy assessment of transferability of studies to other healthcare settings. The EFLM WG-PRE (European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase) produced the CRESS checklist following a detailed literature review and extensive discussions resulting in consensus agreement. The checklist consists of 20 items covering all the aspects that should be considered when producing a report on a stability study including details of what should be included for each item and a rationale as to why. Adherence to the CRESS checklist will ensure that studies are reported in a transparent and replicable way. This will allow other laboratories to assess whether published data meet the stability criteria required in their own particular healthcare scenario. The EFLM WG-PRE encourage researchers and authors to use the CRESS checklist as a guide to planning stability studies and to produce standardised reporting of future stability studies.
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Czuba LC, Zhong G, Yabut KC, Isoherranen N. Analysis of vitamin A and retinoids in biological matrices. Methods Enzymol 2020; 637:309-340. [PMID: 32359651 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A signaling pathways are predominantly driven by the cellular concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), as the main mechanism of retinoid signaling is via activation of retinoic acid receptors. atRA concentrations are in turn controlled by the storage of vitamin A and enzymatic processes that synthesize and clear atRA. This has resulted in the need for robust and highly specific analytical methods to accurately quantify retinoids in diverse biological matrices. Tissue-specific differences in both the quantity of retinoids and background matrix interferences can confound the quantification of retinoids, and the bioanalysis requires high performance instrumentation, such as liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). Successful bioanalysis of retinoids is further complicated by the innate structural instability of retinoids and their relatively high lipophilicity. Further, in vitro experiments with retinoids require attention to experimental design and interpretation to account for the instability of retinoids due to isomerization and degradation, sequential metabolism to numerous structurally similar metabolites, and substrate depletion during experiments. In addition, in vitro biological activity is often confounded by residual presence of retinoids in common biological reagents such as cell culture media. This chapter identifies common biological and analytical complexities in retinoid bioanalysis in diverse biological matrices, and in the use of retinoids in cell culture and metabolic incubations. In addition, this chapter highlights best practices for the successful detection and quantification of the vitamin A metabolome in a wide range of biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - King C Yabut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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