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Akinnusi PA, Olubode SO, Adebesin AO, Alade AA, Nwoke VC, Shodehinde SA. Optimal molecular binding data and pharmacokinetic profiles of novel potential triple-action inhibitors of chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor in the treatment of asthma. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37947895 PMCID: PMC10638233 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic and complex pulmonary condition that affects the airways. A total of 250,000 asthma-related deaths are recorded annually and several proteins including chymase, spleen tyrosine kinase, and prostaglandin D2 receptor have been implicated in the pathophysiology of asthma. Different anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed for the treatment of asthma, particularly corticosteroids, but the associated adverse reactions cannot be overlooked. It is therefore of interest to identify and develop small molecule inhibitors of the integral proteins associated with asthma that have very little or no side effects. Herein, a molecular modeling approach was employed to screen the bioactive compounds in Chromolaena odorata and identify compounds with high binding affinity to the protein targets. RESULTS Five compounds were identified after rigorous and precise molecular screening namely (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, ombuine, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside. These compounds generally showed impressive binding to all the targets understudy. However, chlorogenic acid, quercetagetin, and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside showed better prospects in terms of triple-action inhibition. Further pulmonary and oral pharmacokinetics showed positive results for all the reported compounds. The generated pharmacophore model showed hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor, and aromatic rings as basic structural features required for triple action inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that these compounds could be explored as triple-action inhibitors of the protein targets. They are, therefore, recommended for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Victor Chinedu Nwoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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2
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Seyfinejad B, Nemutlu E, Taghizadieh A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Ozkan SA, Jouyban A. Biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate as fingerprints of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: a critical review. Biomark Med 2023; 17:811-837. [PMID: 38179966 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap are the third leading cause of mortality around the world. They share some common features, which can lead to misdiagnosis. To properly manage these conditions, reliable markers for early and accurate diagnosis are needed. Over the past 20 years, many molecules have been investigated in the exhaled breath condensate to better understand inflammation pathways and mechanisms related to these disorders. Recently, more advanced techniques, such as sensitive metabolomic and proteomic profiling, have been used to obtain a more comprehensive understanding. This article reviews the use of targeted and untargeted metabolomic methodology to study asthma, COPD and asthma-COPD overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Seyfinejad
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkiye
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, 06560, Turkiye
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center & Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, PO Box 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkiye
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3
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Fang XM, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhang HP, Liu L, Huang D, Liu D, Deng K, Luo FM, Wan HJ, Li WM, Wang G, Oliver BG. Endogenous Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate, But Not Acetylcholine or Histamine, is Associated with Asthma Control, Quality of Life, and Exacerbations. Lung 2022; 200:579-589. [PMID: 36156139 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine (HA) are known to be important in bronchial contraction, but their clinical relevance to asthma is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify endogenous AMP, ACh, and HA in induced sputum samples and explore their relationships with asthma control and exacerbations. METHODS 20 healthy subjects and 112 asthmatics underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction, and blood sampling. The level of asthma control was determined by the asthma control test (ACT) questionnaire. Asthma exacerbation was evaluated according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. Levels of AMP, ACh, and HA in sputum were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. IL-β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) were also measured. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, asthmatics had higher levels of HA, lower levels of ACh, and similar levels of AMP in induced sputum samples. Compared to controlled asthma (n = 54), uncontrolled asthma (n = 58) showed higher AMP levels (P = 0.002), but similar HA and ACh levels. AMP was negatively correlated with ACT scores (r = - 0.348) and asthma quality of life questionnaire scores (r = - 0.188) and positively correlated with blood monocytes percentage (r = 0.195), sputum MDC (r = 0.214), and IL-6 levels (r = 0.196). Furthermore, AMP was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations in the preceding year. CONCLUSION Endogenous AMP, but not ACh or HA, was associated with asthma control, quality of life, and exacerbations in the previous year, which indicates that AMP could be a clinically useful biomarker of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Mei Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Ping Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Ming Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Jing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Respiratory Microbiome Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecule Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2017, Australia
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4
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Farne H, Glanville N, Johnson N, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Regis E, Zhu J, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Kon OM, Mallia P, Prevost AT, Edwards MR, Johnston SL, Singanayagam A, Jackson DJ. Effect of CRTH2 antagonism on the response to experimental rhinovirus infection in asthma: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2022; 77:950-959. [PMID: 34716281 PMCID: PMC9510426 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist timapiprant improved lung function and asthma control in a phase 2 study, with evidence suggesting reduced exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether timapiprant attenuated or prevented asthma exacerbations induced by experimental rhinovirus (RV) infection. We furthermore hypothesised that timapiprant would dampen RV-induced type 2 inflammation and consequently improve antiviral immune responses. METHODS Atopic patients with partially controlled asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were randomised to timapiprant (n=22) or placebo (n=22) and challenged with RV-A16 3 weeks later. The primary endpoint was the cumulative lower respiratory symptom score over the 14 days post infection. Upper respiratory symptoms, spirometry, airway hyperresponsiveness, exhaled nitric oxide, RV-A16 virus load and soluble mediators in upper and lower airways samples, and CRTH2 staining in bronchial biopsies were additionally assessed before and during RV-A16 infection. RESULTS Six subjects discontinued the study and eight were not infected; outcomes were assessed in 16 timapiprant-treated and 14 placebo-treated, successfully infected subjects. There were no differences between treatment groups in clinical exacerbation severity including cumulative lower respiratory symptom score day 0-14 (difference 3.0 (95% CI -29.0 to 17.0), p=0.78), virus load, antiviral immune responses, or RV-A16-induced airway inflammation other than in the bronchial biopsies, where CRTH2 staining was increased during RV-A16 infection in the placebo-treated but not the timapiprant-treated group. Timapiprant had a favourable safety profile, with no deaths, serious adverse events or drug-related withdrawals. CONCLUSION Timapiprant treatment had little impact on the clinicopathological changes induced by RV-A16 infection in partially controlled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Farne
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Johnson
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tata Kebadze
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julia Aniscenko
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eteri Regis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Onn Min Kon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Mallia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Toby Prevost
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Aran Singanayagam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Jackson
- Guy’s Severe Asthma Centre, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, UK
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5
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Noureddine N, Chalubinski M, Wawrzyniak P. The Role of Defective Epithelial Barriers in Allergic Lung Disease and Asthma Development. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:487-504. [PMID: 35463205 PMCID: PMC9030405 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s324080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium constitutes the physical barrier between the human body and the environment, thus providing functional and immunological protection. It is often exposed to allergens, microbial substances, pathogens, pollutants, and environmental toxins, which lead to dysregulation of the epithelial barrier and result in the chronic inflammation seen in allergic diseases and asthma. This epithelial barrier dysfunction results from the disturbed tight junction formation, which are multi-protein subunits that promote cell–cell adhesion and barrier integrity. The increasing interest and evidence of the role of impaired epithelial barrier function in allergy and asthma highlight the need for innovative approaches that can provide new knowledge in this area. Here, we review and discuss the current role and mechanism of epithelial barrier dysfunction in developing allergic diseases and the effect of current allergy therapies on epithelial barrier restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Chalubinski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Paulina Wawrzyniak, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland, Tel +41 44 266 75 42, Email ;
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6
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Abstract
The Expert Panel Report* covers a comprehensive set of issues that reflects the complexity of asthma. It emphasizes throughout that appropriate therapy must be based on a clinician-client partnership in care as well as the role of the nurse in management and client and family education. Asthma is a dynamic disorder. Therefore, the report will be revised as scientific advances warrant. The current report reflects the NAEP's best current understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila T. Fitzgerald
- Division of Occupational Health, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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7
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Okwuchukwu PM, Bandyopadhyay D. Medicinally Privileged Sultams: Synthesis and Mechanism of Action. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2193-2206. [PMID: 32682375 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200719015234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, more than a thousand research articles have been published detailing various regio-, stereo-, chemo-, and enantioselective specific synthesis of the cyclic sulfonamides (sultams). Although enormous synthetic efforts were made, but bioactivities of sultams have not been widely investigated. Sultams are the sulfur analogs of lactams (cyclic amides) which demonstrate a broad range of medicinal activities and several lactam drugs are commercially available. In contrast, only a few sultam drugs are commercially available, while the presence of two oxygens on sulfur in sultam motifs can serve as a better H-bond acceptor than lactam scaffolds. One of the major objectives of this minireview is to draw appropriate attention from the medicinal/pharmaceutical chemists to conduct indepth research on sultam derivatives targeted to the development of new drugs. This article gives a brief account of the synthesis, potential bioactivity, and mechanisms of therapeutic action of four to seven-membered sultam derivatives. Based on the available literature, this is the first effort to consolidate only the medicinally privileged sultam molecules and drugs under the same umbrella. While every effort was taken to comprise all the relevant reports related to bioactive sultams, any oversight is truly unintentional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious M Okwuchukwu
- Department of Chemistry and the School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and the School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences (SEEMS), The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
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8
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Lee K, Lee SH, Kim TH. The Biology of Prostaglandins and Their Role as a Target for Allergic Airway Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051851. [PMID: 32182661 PMCID: PMC7084947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are a family of lipid compounds that are derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway, and consist of PGD2, PGI2, PGE2, PGF2, and thromboxane B2. PGs signal through G-protein coupled receptors, and individual PGs affect allergic inflammation through different mechanisms according to the receptors with which they are associated. In this review article, we have focused on the metabolism of the cyclooxygenase pathway, and the distinct biological effect of each PG type on various cell types involved in allergic airway diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.
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9
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Golden DBK. Legends in allergy and immunology: Lawrence M. Lichtenstein. Allergy 2019; 74:2545-2546. [PMID: 31074498 DOI: 10.1111/all.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Diwakar BT, Yoast R, Nettleford S, Qian F, Lee TJ, Berry S, Huffnagle I, Rossi RM, Trebak M, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS. Crth2 receptor signaling down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in murine macrophages via changes in intracellular calcium. FASEB J 2019; 33:12838-12852. [PMID: 31518163 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802608r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 and its cyclopentenone metabolites [cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs)], Δ12prostaglandin J2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2, act through 2 GPCRs, d-type prostanoid 1 and the chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on type 2 T-helper cells (Crth2). In addition to its role in allergy and asthma, the role of Crth2 in the resolution of inflammation, to mediate the proresolving functions of endogenous CyPGs, is not well understood. We investigated the regulation of LPS or zymosan-induced inflammatory response by signals from the Crth2 receptor in macrophages that lack Crth2 expression [knockout (KO)]. Increased expression of proinflammatory genes, including Tnf-α, was observed in Crth2 KO cells. Targeting the endogenous biosynthetic pathway of CyPGs with indomethacin or HQL79, which inhibit cyclooxygenases or hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, respectively, or use of Crth2 antagonists recapitulated the proinflammatory phenotype as in Crth2 KO cells. Ligand-dependent activation of Crth2 by 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2 increased Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) accompanied by the up-regulation of stromal interaction molecule 1 and calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 expression, suggesting that the proresolution effects of CyPG-dependent activation of SOCE could be mediated by Crth2 during inflammation. Interestingly, Crth2 signaling down-regulated the Ca2+-regulated heat stable protein 1 that stabilizes Tnf-α mRNA via the increased expression of microRNA 155 to dampen inflammatory responses triggered through the TNF-α-NF-κB axis. In summary, these studies present a novel regulatory role for Crth2 during inflammatory response in macrophages.-Diwakar, B. T., Yoast, R., Nettleford, S., Qian, F., Lee, T.-J., Berry, S., Huffnagle, I., Rossi, R. M., Trebak, M., Paulson, R. F., Prabhu, K. S. Crth2 receptor signaling down-regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation in murine macrophages via changes in intracellular calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastihalli T Diwakar
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaneice Nettleford
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tai-Jung Lee
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svanjita Berry
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Huffnagle
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randall M Rossi
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Liang D, Ladva CN, Golan R, Yu T, Walker DI, Sarnat SE, Greenwald R, Uppal K, Tran V, Jones DP, Russell AG, Sarnat JA. Perturbations of the arginine metabolome following exposures to traffic-related air pollution in a panel of commuters with and without asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:503-513. [PMID: 30981021 PMCID: PMC6513706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the effects of traffic-related air pollution on people with asthma remain largely unknown, despite the abundance of observational and controlled studies reporting associations between traffic sources and asthma exacerbation and hospitalizations. OBJECTIVES To identify molecular pathways perturbed following traffic pollution exposures, we analyzed data as part of the Atlanta Commuters Exposure (ACE-2) study, a crossover panel of commuters with and without asthma. METHODS We measured 27 air pollutants and conducted high-resolution metabolomics profiling on blood samples from 45 commuters before and after each exposure session. We evaluated metabolite and metabolic pathway perturbations using an untargeted metabolome-wide association study framework with pathway analyses and chemical annotation. RESULTS Most of the measured pollutants were elevated in highway commutes (p < 0.05). From both negative and positive ionization modes, 17,586 and 9087 metabolic features were extracted from plasma, respectively. 494 and 220 unique features were associated with at least 3 of the 27 exposures, respectively (p < 0.05), after controlling confounders and false discovery rates. Pathway analysis indicated alteration of several inflammatory and oxidative stress related metabolic pathways, including leukotriene, vitamin E, cytochrome P450, and tryptophan metabolism. We identified and annotated 45 unique metabolites enriched in these pathways, including arginine, histidine, and methionine. Most of these metabolites were not only associated with multiple pollutants, but also differentially expressed between participants with and without asthma. The analysis indicated that these metabolites collectively participated in an interrelated molecular network centering on arginine metabolism, underlying the impact of traffic-related pollutants on individuals with asthma. CONCLUSIONS We detected numerous significant metabolic perturbations associated with in-vehicle exposures during commuting and validated metabolites that were closely linked to several inflammatory and redox pathways, elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms of traffic-related air pollution toxicity. These results support future studies of metabolic markers of traffic exposures and the corresponding molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Chandresh N Ladva
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Stefanie E Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Division of Environmental Health, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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12
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Uchida Y, Soma T, Nakagome K, Kobayashi T, Nagata M. Implications of prostaglandin D2 and leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensates of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:81-88.e1. [PMID: 30986547 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various inflammatory eicosanoid levels in biomaterials from airways of asthma and their associations with clinical parameters remain uncertain. We hypothesized that prostaglandin and leukotriene levels differ between in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) and in sputum in mild, moderate, and severe levels of asthma and that EBC and sputum eicosanoid levels are associated with indexes of pulmonary function and inflammation. OBJECTIVE To determine the differences between EBC and sputum eicosanoid levels in healthy participants and patients with asthma with different asthma severity levels. METHODS Collected EBC and sputum, as well as pulmonary function, were examined in adult patients with asthma and healthy participants. Exhaled breath condensate prostaglandin D2-methoxime (PGD2-MOX), cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and thromboxane B2 levels, and some sputum eicosanoid and tryptase levels were measured. Differences in eicosanoid levels among participants and their associations with pulmonary function and tryptase and granulocyte levels in sputum were then evaluated. RESULTS Analysis of 94 EBCs and 43 sputa revealed that EBC and sputum PGD2-MOX and CysLT levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in healthy participants. Exhaled breath condensate PGD2-MOX, CysLT, and LTB4 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe asthma. Exhaled breath condensate PGD2-MOX level was also significantly correlated with sputum tryptase levels and lower pulmonary function in patients with asthma. Sputum PGD2-MOX and CysLT levels were significantly correlated with the proportion of eosinophils among all cells in sputum in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION The results suggest that EBC PGD2 levels are associated with impairment of pulmonary function in adults with asthma who have undergone guideline treatment. Exhaled breath condensate or sputum PGD2 and CysLTs may represent severity or airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan; Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Kao CC, Parulekar AD. Spotlight on fevipiprant and its potential in the treatment of asthma: evidence to date. J Asthma Allergy 2019; 12:1-5. [PMID: 30662272 PMCID: PMC6324611 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s167973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, which may be classified into phenotypes and endotypes based on clinical characteristics and molecular mechanisms. The best described endotype of severe asthma is type 2 (T2)-high asthma, characterized by release of inflammatory cytokines by T helper 2 (TH2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells cells. Prostaglandin D2 contributes to T2 inflammation through binding of the G-protein-coupled receptor chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2). Fevipiprant is an oral competitive antagonist of CRTH2. Early-phase trials have demonstrated safety and potential efficacy in patients with asthma, specifically, improvement in FEV1 and eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, no clear biomarker identified patients who responded favorably to fevipiprant, although patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and evidence of T2 inflammation may be more likely to respond to treatment. Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy and target population for use of this drug in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Kao
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - Amit D Parulekar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,
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14
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Marone G, Galdiero MR, Pecoraro A, Pucino V, Criscuolo G, Triassi M, Varricchi G. Prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonists in allergic disorders: safety, efficacy, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:73-84. [PMID: 30513028 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1555237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a major cyclooxygenase mediator that is synthesized by activated human mast cells and other immune cells. The biological effects of PGD2 are mediated by D-prostanoid (DP1), DP2 (CRTH2) and thromboxane prostanoid (TP) receptors that are expressed on several immune and non-immune cells involved in allergic inflammation. PGD2 exerts various proinflammatory effects relevant to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders. Several selective, orally active, DP2 receptor antagonists and a small number of DP1 receptor antagonists are being developed for the treatment of allergic disorders. AREAS COVERED The role of DP2 and DP1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. EXPERT OPINION Head-to-head studies that compare DP1 antagonists with the standard treatment for allergic rhinitis are necessary to verify the role of these novel drugs as mono- or combination therapies. Further clinical trials are necessary to verify whether DP2 antagonists as monotherapies or, more likely, as add-on therapies, will be effective for the treatment of different phenotypes of adult and childhood asthma. Long-term studies are necessary to evaluate the safety of targeted anti-PGD2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,b Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- e William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine &Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- a Department of Public Health , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- c Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI) , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d WAO Center of Excellence , Naples , Italy
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15
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Liang D, Moutinho JL, Golan R, Yu T, Ladva CN, Niedzwiecki M, Walker DI, Sarnat SE, Chang HH, Greenwald R, Jones DP, Russell AG, Sarnat JA. Use of high-resolution metabolomics for the identification of metabolic signals associated with traffic-related air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:145-154. [PMID: 30092452 PMCID: PMC6414207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) is emerging as a sensitive tool for measuring environmental exposures and biological responses. The aim of this analysis is to assess the ability of high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to reflect internal exposures to complex traffic-related air pollution mixtures. METHODS We used untargeted HRM profiling to characterize plasma and saliva collected from participants in the Dorm Room Inhalation to Vehicle Emission (DRIVE) study to identify metabolic pathways associated with traffic emission exposures. We measured a suite of traffic-related pollutants at multiple ambient and indoor sites at varying distances from a major highway artery for 12 weeks in 2014. In parallel, 54 students living in dormitories near (20 m) or far (1.4 km) from the highway contributed plasma and saliva samples. Untargeted HRM profiling was completed for both plasma and saliva samples; metabolite and metabolic pathway alternations were evaluated using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework with pathway analyses. RESULTS Weekly levels of traffic pollutants were significantly higher at the near dorm when compared to the far dorm (p < 0.05 for all pollutants). In total, 20,766 metabolic features were extracted from plasma samples and 29,013 from saliva samples. 45% of features were detected and shared in both plasma and saliva samples. 1291 unique metabolic features were significantly associated with at least one or more traffic indicator, including black carbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter (p < 0.05 for all significant features), after controlling for confounding and false discovery rate. Pathway analysis of metabolic features associated with traffic exposure indicated elicitation of inflammatory and oxidative stress related pathways, including leukotriene and vitamin E metabolism. We confirmed the chemical identities of 10 metabolites associated with traffic pollutants, including arginine, histidine, γ‑linolenic acid, and hypoxanthine. CONCLUSIONS Using HRM, we identified and verified biological perturbations associated with primary traffic pollutant in panel-based setting with repeated measurement. Observed response was consistent with endogenous metabolic signaling related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and nucleic acid damage and repair. Collectively, the current findings provide support for the use of untargeted HRM in the development of metabolic biomarkers of traffic pollution exposure and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Moutinho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Chandresh N Ladva
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Megan Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Howard H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Roby Greenwald
- Division of Environmental Health, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jeremy A Sarnat
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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16
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Kollmeier AP, Barnathan ES, O'Brien C, Chen B, Xia YK, Zhou B, Loza MJ, Silkoff PE, Ge M, Thurmond RL. A phase 2a study of toreforant, a histamine H 4 receptor antagonist, in eosinophilic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:568-574. [PMID: 30102965 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the evaluation of histamine 4 receptor antagonists in the treatment of asthma. Toreforant is a selective histamine 4 receptor antagonist that could be effective in patients with eosinophilic asthma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toreforant in patients with eosinophilic, persistent asthma that was inadequately controlled despite current treatment. METHODS In this phase 2a, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study, 162 eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to placebo or 30 mg of toreforant once daily through week 24 and followed for 4 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in pre-bronchodilator percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second at week 16. Secondary end points included change from baseline at week 16 in postbronchodilator percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Asthma Control Questionnaire scores, weekly averages of Daytime and Nighttime Asthma Diary Symptom Scores, and weekly average of number of puffs in a day that rescue medication was used. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups in pre-bronchodilator percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second at week 16 (difference in least-square means -0.19%; 95% confidence interval -3.01 to 2.64; P = .90). Similarly, there were no significant differences between groups at week 16 in changes from baseline in the secondary end points (P ≥ .30). Toreforant was generally well tolerated. No deaths or serious adverse events were reported at any time point. CONCLUSION Toreforant, at the dose tested, failed to provide therapeutic benefit in this population of patients with uncontrolled, eosinophilic, persistent asthma. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01823016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bei Zhou
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Loza
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michelle Ge
- Genocea Biosciences, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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17
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Abstract
Prostaglandins are synthesized through the metabolism of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway. There are five primary prostaglandins, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2, PGI2, and thromboxane B2, that all signal through distinct seven transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptors. The receptors through which the prostaglandins signal determines their immunologic or physiologic effects. For instance, the same prostaglandin may have opposing properties, dependent upon the signaling pathways activated. In this article, we will detail how inhibition of cyclooxygenase metabolism and regulation of prostaglandin signaling regulates allergic airway inflammation and asthma physiology. Possible prostaglandin therapeutic targets for allergic lung inflammation and asthma will also be reviewed, as informed by human studies, basic science, and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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18
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Kollmeier AP, Greenspan A, Xu XL, Silkoff PE, Barnathan ES, Loza MJ, Jiang J, Zhou B, Chen B, Thurmond RL. Phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, parallel-group study of an H 4 R-antagonist (JNJ-39758979) in adults with uncontrolled asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:957-969. [PMID: 29682796 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of H4 R antagonists in preclinical asthma models support the study of antagonists of the H4 R in the treatment of asthma in humans. JNJ-39758979 is a potent and highly selective oral H4 R antagonist. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the H4 R-antagonist JNJ-39758979 in adult patients with uncontrolled asthma. METHODS One hundred and fifteen eligible patients were randomly assigned to JNJ-39758979 300 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks in this phase 2a, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Primary efficacy was assessed via week-12 change from baseline in pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ). Secondary efficacy assessments included patient-reported outcome (PRO) asthma assessments (Asthma Daily Diary data [AM and PM peak expiratory flow rate, number of puffs of albuterol/salbutamol, the presence of nocturnal awakenings and asthma symptom score]). RESULTS The study did not meet the primary end-point. However, nominally significant improvements in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 were observed with JNJ-39758979 versus placebo at week 12 in pre-specified subgroups with elevated exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils or blood eosinophils at baseline. Nominally significant improvements across PRO assessments were consistently observed in the overall population, as well as in eosinophilic subgroups. Safety, such as adverse event rates, was comparable between JNJ-39758979 and placebo. No serious adverse events were reported. No clinically relevant changes in laboratory values were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings suggest potential benefit of H4 R antagonists on lung function and asthma control in eosinophilic asthma patients and warrant further evaluation of this mechanism in asthma with eosinophilic inflammation. NCT00946569.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kollmeier
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Greenspan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - X L Xu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P E Silkoff
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - E S Barnathan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - M J Loza
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - J Jiang
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - B Zhou
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - B Chen
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R L Thurmond
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) binds to prostaglandin D2. CRTH2 is expressed on various cell types including eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. CRTH2 and prostaglandin D2 are involved in allergic inflammation and eosinophil activation. Orally administered CRTH2 antagonists are in clinical development for the treatment of asthma. The biology and clinical trial data indicate that CRTH2 antagonists should be targeted toward eosinophilic asthma. This article reviews the clinical evidence for CRTH2 involvement in asthma pathophysiology and clinical trials of CRTH2 antagonists in asthma. CRTH2 antagonists could provide a practical alternative to biological treatments for patients with severe asthma. Future perspectives for this class of drug are considered, including the selection of the subgroup of patients most likely to show a meaningful treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arjun Ravi
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Southworth
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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20
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Adam AZ, Lee SY, Mohamed R. Pharmacological properties of agarwood tea derived from Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) leaves: An emerging contemporary herbal drink. J Herb Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Tamada T, Ichinose M. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Antiallergy Drugs. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 237:153-169. [PMID: 27826703 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As one of the candidates of the therapeutic strategy for asthma in addition to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are known to be useful for long-term management of asthma patients complicated by allergic rhinitis (AR) or exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Currently available LTRAs are pranlukast hydrate, zafirlukast, and montelukast. These LTRAs have a bronchodilator action and inhibit airway inflammation, resulting in a significant improvement of asthma symptoms, respiratory function, inhalation frequency of as-needed inhaled β2-agonist, airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, dosage of ICSs, asthma exacerbations, and patients' QOL. Although cys-LTs are deeply associated with the pathogenesis of asthma, LTRAs alone are less effective compared with ICS. However, the effects of LTRAs in combination with ICS are the same as those of LABAs in combination with ICS in steroid-naïve asthmatic patients. Concerning antiallergy drugs other than LTRAs, some mediator-release suppressants, H1 histamine receptor antagonists (H1RAs), thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitors/antagonists, and Th2 cytokine inhibitor had been used mainly in Japan until the late 1990s. However, the use of these agents rapidly decreased after ICS/long acting beta agonist (LABA) combination was introduced and recommended for the management of asthma in the early 2000s. The effectiveness of other antiallergic agents on asthma management seems to be quite limited, and the safety of oral antiallergic agents has not been demonstrated in fetuses during pregnancy. Further effectiveness studies are needed to determine the true value of these orally administered agents in combination with ICS as an anti-asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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22
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Liu XC, Wang Q, She YS, Chen S, Luo X, Xu H, Zang DA, Zhang WJ, Qiu JY, Liu BB, Shen J, Peng YB, Zhao P, Xue L, Chen W, Ma LQ, Fu X, Chen J, Liu QH, Yu MF. Hypertonic saline inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting Ca 2+ sensitization. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:1053-1059. [PMID: 28682475 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hypertonic solution on airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We found that hypertonic saline (HS) inhibited acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction of ASM from the mouse trachea and human bronchi. In single mouse ASM cells (ASMCs), ACh induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ that was further enhanced by 5% NaCl, indicating that the HS-induced inhibition of ASM contraction was not mediated by a decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ . The Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 relaxed ACh-induced precontraction of mouse tracheal rings. However, such inhibition was not observed after the relaxation induced by 5% NaCl. Moreover, the incubation of mouse tracheal rings with 5% NaCl decreased ACh-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. These data indicate that HS inhibits the contraction of ASM by inhibiting Ca2+ sensitization, not by decreasing intracellular Ca2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cao Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Shan She
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dun-An Zang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Ying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bei-Bei Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Bo Peng
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Xue
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Group, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meng-Fei Yu
- Institute for Medical Biology and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Pothoven KL, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Harris KE, Biyasheva A, Welch K, Shintani-Smith S, Conley DB, Liu MC, Kato A, Avila PC, Hamid Q, Grammer LC, Peters AT, Kern RC, Tan BK, Schleimer RP. Neutrophils are a major source of the epithelial barrier disrupting cytokine oncostatin M in patients with mucosal airways disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1966-1978.e9. [PMID: 27993536 PMCID: PMC5529124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that oncostatin M (OSM) levels are increased in nasal polyps (NPs) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), as well as in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, after segmental allergen challenge in allergic asthmatic patients. We also showed in vitro that physiologic levels of OSM impair barrier function in differentiated airway epithelium. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine which hematopoietic or resident cell type or types were the source of the OSM expressed in patients with mucosal airways disease. METHODS Paraffin-embedded NP sections were stained with fluorescence-labeled specific antibodies against OSM, GM-CSF, and hematopoietic cell-specific markers. Live cells were isolated from NPs and matched blood samples for flow cytometric analysis. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood and cultured with the known OSM inducers GM-CSF and follistatin-like 1, and OSM levels were measured in the supernatants. Bronchial biopsy sections from control subjects, patients with moderate asthma, and patients with severe asthma were stained for OSM and neutrophil elastase. RESULTS OSM staining was observed in NPs, showed colocalization with neutrophil elastase (n = 10), and did not colocalize with markers for eosinophils, macrophages, T cells, or B cells (n = 3-5). Flow cytometric analysis of NPs (n = 9) showed that 5.1% ± 2% of CD45+ cells were OSM+, and of the OSM+ cells, 56% ± 7% were CD16+Siglec-8-, indicating neutrophil lineage. Only 0.6 ± 0.4% of CD45+ events from matched blood samples (n = 5) were OSM+, suggesting that increased OSM levels in patients with CRS was locally stimulated and produced. A majority of OSM+ neutrophils expressed arginase 1 (72.5% ± 12%), suggesting an N2 phenotype. GM-CSF levels were increased in NPs compared with those in control tissue and were sufficient to induce OSM production (P < .001) in peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro. OSM+ neutrophils were also observed at increased levels in biopsy specimens from patients with severe asthma. Additionally, OSM protein levels were increased in induced sputum from asthmatic patients compared with that from control subjects (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils are a major source of OSM-producing cells in patients with CRS and severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pothoven
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Assel Biyasheva
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin Welch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark C Liu
- Divisions of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories of McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Zemski Berry KA, Murphy RC, Kosmider B, Mason RJ. Lipidomic characterization and localization of phospholipids in the human lung. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:926-933. [PMID: 28280112 PMCID: PMC5408611 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in lung physiology and pathology; however, a comprehensive lipidomic characterization of human pulmonary cells relevant to disease has not been performed. The cells involved in lung host defense, including alveolar macrophages (AMs), bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), and alveolar type II cells (ATIIs), were isolated from human subjects and lipidomic analysis by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS was performed. Additionally, pieces of lung tissue from the same donors were analyzed by MALDI imaging MS in order to determine lipid localization in the tissue. The unique distribution of phospholipids in ATIIs, BECs, and AMs from human subjects was accomplished by subjecting the large number of identified phospholipid molecular species to univariant statistical analysis. Specific MALDI images were generated based on the univariant statistical analysis data to reveal the location of specific cell types within the human lung slice. While the complex composition and function of the lipidome in various disease states is currently poorly understood, this method could be useful for the characterization of lipid alterations in pulmonary disease and may aid in a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Robert J Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
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25
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Takemura M, Niimi A, Matsumoto H, Ueda T, Yamaguchi M, Matsuoka H, Jinnai M, Chung KF, Mishima M. Imbalance of endogenous prostanoids in moderate-to-severe asthma. Allergol Int 2017; 66:83-88. [PMID: 27424536 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation studies suggested "protective" roles of exogenous prostaglandin E2, but the clinical relevance of endogenous prostanoids in asthma is poorly known. The objective of this study is to measure sputum levels of prostanoids in asthmatic patients to correlate with clinical indices. METHODS Mild (n = 41) or moderate-to-severe (19) asthmatics and 27 normal controls were examined for pulmonary function (FEV1 and mid-forced expiratory flow), sputum cell differentials, and sputum levels of prostaglandins D2, E2, F2α, and thromboxane B2 measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Each prostanoid level did not differ among the three groups. Sputum number of bronchial epithelial cells was greater in moderate-to-severe asthmatics than in the other two groups, suggesting epithelial desquamation. Levels of prostaglandin F2α, D2, and thromboxane B2 positively correlated with the severity of airflow obstruction in the 60 asthmatic patients, whereas prostaglandin E2 levels were unrelated to pulmonary function. The ratio of combined "contractile" prostanoids (prostaglandin D2/prostaglandin F2α/thromboxane B2) to prostaglandin E2 was 2.5-fold greater in moderate-to-severe asthmatics than in controls (p = 0.001) or in mild asthmatics (p = 0.0002) but did not differ between the latter two groups. In the two asthmatic groups combined, this ratio positively correlated with the sputum number of epithelial cells. The combined "contractile" prostanoids levels positively correlated with prostaglandin E2 levels in controls and in mild asthmatics but not in moderate-to-severe asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS An imbalance in production, breakdown, or both between prostaglandin E2 and other prostanoids possibly due to epithelial damage may be involved in the pathogenesis of moderate-to-severe asthma.
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Schenk H, Neumann D, Kloth C. Histamine regulates murine primary dendritic cell functions. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:379-84. [PMID: 27560832 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1214144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The modulation of antigen uptake and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by histamine may function as a regulator of inflammation. Therefore, we sought to determine the impact of histamine on antigen uptake by and activation of murine DCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS DCs from spleen and lung were either identified by flow cytometry or were immunomagnetically enriched. Cells were stimulated with histamine, and the regulation of MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecule expression (CD80, CD86, and ICOS-L) and antigen uptake were quantified by flow cytometry. Individual contributions of the histamine receptor subtypes were determined by using the antagonists mepyramine (histamine H1-receptor: H1R), famotidine (H2R), and JNJ 7777120 (H4R). RESULTS Histamine accelerated the uptake of soluble antigen via the H1R, H2R, and H4R in splenic DCs. Co-stimulatory molecule expression was enhanced already by enrichment procedures, thus, the analyses were performed in unseparated cell populations. Histamine enhanced the expression of CD86 and ICOS-L while expression of CD80 was unaffected. Antagonism at H1R, H2R, and H4R and at H1R and H4R reduced the histamine-induced enhanced expression of CD86 and ICOS-L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Histamine contributes to the regulation of the immunological synapse by stimulation of antigen uptake and activation of DCs via H1R, H2R, and H4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schenk
- a Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Detlef Neumann
- a Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Christina Kloth
- a Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany ;,b Institute of Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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27
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Santus P, Radovanovic D. Prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists in early development as potential therapeutic options for asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1083-92. [PMID: 27409410 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1212838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity. Although many currently available treatment regimens are effective, poor symptom control and refractory severe disease still represent major unmet needs. In the last years, numerous molecular therapeutic targets that interfere with the innate inflammatory response in asthma have been identified. Promising preliminary results concern the signaling cascade promoted by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and its receptor antagonists. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to provide the most recent clinical and preclinical data on the efficacy and safety of newly developed compounds for the treatment of allergic asthma. The authors will present an overview of the pathogenetic molecular mechanisms sustaining the chronic inflammatory response in asthma; the focus will be then directed on the mediators of the PGD2 pathway, the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells, and their latest antagonists developed. EXPERT OPINION Bronchodilators and corticosteroids are not sufficient to achieve a satisfactory management of all asthmatic patients; the development of new specific treatments appears therefore essential. The good results in terms of cellular, functional and clinical outcomes, together with an acceptable safety of the CRTh2 antagonists represent a promising start for a tailored management of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierachille Santus
- a Health Sciences Department, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Scientific Institute of Milan-IRCCS , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
| | - Dejan Radovanovic
- a Health Sciences Department, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Scientific Institute of Milan-IRCCS , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy
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28
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Swedin L, Saarne T, Rehnberg M, Glader P, Niedzielska M, Johansson G, Hazon P, Catley MC. Patient stratification and the unmet need in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:13-34. [PMID: 27373855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is often described as an inflammatory disease of the lungs and in most patients symptomatic treatment with bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids is sufficient to control disease. Unfortunately there are a proportion of patients who fail to achieve control despite treatment with the best current treatment. These severe asthma patients have been considered a homogeneous group of patients that represent the unmet therapeutic need in asthma. Many novel therapies have been tested in unselected asthma patients and the effects have often been disappointing, particularly for the highly specific monoclonal antibody-based drugs such as anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5. More recently, it has become clear that asthma is a syndrome with many different disease drivers. Clinical trials of anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-5 have focused on biomarker-defined patient groups and these trials have driven the clinical progression of these drugs. Work on asthma phenotyping indicates that there is a group of asthma patients where T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and inflammation predominate and these type 2 high (T2-high) patients can be defined by biomarkers and response to therapies targeting this type of immunity, including anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13. However, there is still a subset of T2-low patients that do not respond to these new therapies. This T2-low group will represent the new unmet medical need now that the T2-high-targeting therapies have made it to the market. This review will examine the current thinking on patient stratification in asthma and the identification of the T2-high subset. It will also look at the T2-low patients and examine what may be the drivers of disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Swedin
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tiiu Saarne
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Rehnberg
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Glader
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Niedzielska
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gustav Johansson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthew C Catley
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity iMED, Translational Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Calbet M, Andrés M, Armengol C, Bravo M, Eichhorn P, López R, García-González V, Roberts R, Miralpeix M. Pharmacological characterization of CRTh2 antagonist LAS191859: Long receptor residence time translates into long-lasting in vivo efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:208-216. [PMID: 27317944 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type 2 cells (CRTh2) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on the leukocytes most closely associated with asthma and allergy like eosinophils, mast cells, Th2-lymphocytes and basophils. At present it is clear that CRTh2 mediates most prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) pro-inflammatory effects and as a result antagonists for this receptor have reached asthma clinical studies showing a trend of lung function improvement. The challenge remains to identify compounds with improved clinical efficacy when administered once a day. Herein we described the pharmacological profile of LAS191859, a novel, potent and selective CRTh2 antagonist. In vitro evidence in GTPγS binding studies indicate that LAS191859 is a CRTh2 antagonist with activity in the low nanomolar range. This potency is also maintained in cellular assays performed with human eosinophils and whole blood. The main differentiation of LAS191859 vs other CRTh2 antagonists is in its receptor binding kinetics. LAS191859 has a residence time half-life of 21h at CRTh2 that translates into a long-lasting in vivo efficacy that is independent of plasma levels. We believe that the strategy behind this compound will allow optimal efficacy and posology for chronic asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calbet
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Andrés
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Armengol
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Bravo
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Eichhorn
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa López
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Richard Roberts
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Almirall R&D Centre, Laureà Miró, 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Recent discoveries have led to the identification of a novel group of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The members of this group are divided into three subpopulations: ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s. ILC2s produce Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, upon activation by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2), and TNF family member TL1A and promote structural and immune cell responses in the airways after antigen exposure. In addition, ILC2 function is also influenced by inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)/ICOS-ligand (ICOS-L) interactions via direct contact between immune cells. The most common airway antigens are allergens and viruses which are highly linked to the induction of airway diseases with underlying type 2 inflammation including asthma and allergic rhinitis. Based on recent findings linking ILC2s and airway Th2 responses, there is intensive investigation into the role of ILC2s in human disease with the hope of a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the discovery of novel potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the recent advances made in elucidating ILC2 involvement in human Th2 airway disease.
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31
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Methods in assessment of airway reactivity in mice. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1220:521-7. [PMID: 25388272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1568-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the wealth of reagents and transgenic strains available, mice have become one of the most commonly used model organisms for the study of allergic airway inflammation. One of the major hallmarks of the asthma phenotype in humans is reversible airflow obstruction, or airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the ability to confidently obtain useful physiological responses from such a small animal has presented a large technological challenge in murine studies. Recent advances have provided the technology to obtain lung mechanics through either the forced oscillation technique or plethysmography. Here we describe the utility of these measurements in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation and anaphylaxis.
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32
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Pothoven KL, Norton JE, Hulse KE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Rocci E, Harris KE, Shintani-Smith S, Conley DB, Chandra RK, Liu MC, Kato A, Gonsalves N, Grammer LC, Peters AT, Kern RC, Bryce PJ, Tan BK, Schleimer RP. Oncostatin M promotes mucosal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and its expression is increased in patients with eosinophilic mucosal disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:737-746.e4. [PMID: 25840724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barrier dysfunction is thought to play a role in many mucosal diseases, including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and eosinophilic esophagitis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the role of oncostatin M (OSM) in epithelial barrier dysfunction in human mucosal disease. METHODS OSM expression was measured in tissue extracts, nasal secretions, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The effects of OSM stimulation on barrier function of normal human bronchial epithelial cells and nasal epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were assessed by using transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux. Dual-color immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the integrity of tight junction structures in cultured epithelial cells. RESULTS Analysis of samples from patients with CRS showed that OSM mRNA and protein levels were highly increased in nasal polyps compared with those seen in control uncinate tissue (P < .05). OSM levels were also increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of allergic asthmatic patients after segmental allergen challenge and in esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. OSM stimulation of air-liquid interface cultures resulted in reduced barrier function, as measured by decreased transepithelial electrical resistance and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux (P < .05). Alterations in barrier function by OSM were reversible, and the viability of epithelial cells was unaffected. OSM levels in lysates of nasal polyps and uncinate tissue positively correlated with levels of α2-macroglobulin, a marker of epithelial leak, in localized nasal secretions (r = 0.4855, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that OSM might play a role in epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with CRS and other mucosal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Pothoven
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Erin Rocci
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Rakesh K Chandra
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark C Liu
- Divisions of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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Cho SH, Lee SH, Kato A, Takabayashi T, Kulka M, Shin SC, Schleimer RP. Cross-talk between human mast cells and bronchial epithelial cells in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 production via transforming growth factor-β1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:88-95. [PMID: 24987792 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0399oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promotes airway remodeling and that human and mouse mast cells (MCs) are an important source of PAI-1. In the present study we investigated MC-epithelial cell (EC) interactions in the production of PAI-1. We stimulated the human MC line LAD2 with IgE-receptor cross-linking and collected the supernatants. We incubated the human bronchial EC line BEAS-2B with the LAD2 supernatants and measured the level of PAI-1. When the supernatants from IgE-stimulated LAD2 were added to BEAS-2B, there was a significant enhancement of PAI-1 production by BEAS-2B. When we treated the MC supernatants with a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 neutralizing antibody, the MC-derived induction of PAI-1 from BEAS-2B was completely abrogated. Although TGF-β1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in resting LAD2, it was not highly induced by IgE-mediated stimulation. Nonetheless, active TGF-β1 protein was significantly increased in LAD2 after IgE-mediated stimulation. Active TGF-β1 produced by primary cultured human MCs was significantly reduced in the presence of a chymase inhibitor, suggesting a role of MC chymase as an activator of latent TGF-β1. This study indicates that stimulation of human MCs by IgE receptor cross-linking triggers activation of TGF-β1, at least in part via chymase, which in turn induces the production of PAI-1 by bronchial ECs. Our data suggest that human MCs may play an important role in airway remodeling in asthma as a direct source of PAI-1 and by activating bronchial ECs to produce further PAI-1 via a TGF-β1-mediated activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong H Cho
- 1 Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Claar D, Hartert TV, Peebles RS. The role of prostaglandins in allergic lung inflammation and asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 9:55-72. [PMID: 25541289 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.992783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are products of the COX pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. There are five primary PGs, PGD₂, PGE₂, PGF₂, PGI₂ and thromboxane A₂, all of which signal through distinct seven transmembrane, G-protein coupled receptors. Some PGs may counteract the actions of others, or even the same PG may have opposing physiologic or immunologic effects, depending on the specific receptor through which it signals. In this review, we examine the effects of COX activity and the various PGs on allergic airway inflammation and physiology that is associated with asthma. We also highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting PGs in allergic lung inflammation and asthma based on basic science, animal model and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dru Claar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, T-1217 MCN Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA
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Maher SA, Birrell MA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis ED, Bonvini SJ, Grace MS, Belvisi MG. Prostaglandin D2 and the role of the DP1, DP2 and TP receptors in the control of airway reflex events. Eur Respir J 2014; 45:1108-18. [PMID: 25323233 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) causes cough and levels are increased in asthma suggesting that it may contribute to symptoms. Although the prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) is a target for numerous drug discovery programmes little is known about the actions of PGD2 on sensory nerves and cough. We used human and guinea pig bioassays, in vivo electrophysiology and a guinea pig conscious cough model to assess the effect of prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP1), DP2 and thromboxane receptor antagonism on PGD2 responses. PGD2 caused cough in a conscious guinea pig model and an increase in calcium in airway jugular ganglia. Using pharmacology and receptor-deficient mice we showed that the DP1 receptor mediates sensory nerve activation in mouse, guinea pig and human vagal afferents. In vivo, PGD2 and a DP1 receptor agonist, but not a DP2 receptor agonist, activated single airway C-fibres. Interestingly, activation of DP2 inhibited sensory nerve firing to capsaicin in vitro and in vivo. The DP1 receptor could be a therapeutic target for symptoms associated with asthma. Where endogenous PGD2 levels are elevated, loss of DP2 receptor-mediated inhibition of sensory nerves may lead to an increase in vagally associated symptoms and the potential for such adverse effects should be investigated in clinical studies with DP2 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eric D Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan S Grace
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
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D prostanoid receptor 2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) protein expression in asthmatic patients and its effects on bronchial epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:395-406. [PMID: 25312757 PMCID: PMC4314591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2; also known as chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but its expression within bronchial biopsy specimens is unknown. Objectives We sought to investigate the bronchial submucosal DP2 expression in asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects and to explore its functional role in epithelial cells. Methods DP2 protein expression was assessed in bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic patients (n = 22) and healthy control subjects (n = 10) by using immunohistochemistry and in primary epithelial cells by using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of the selective DP2 agonist 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 on epithelial cell migration and differentiation were determined. Results Numbers of submucosal DP2+ cells were increased in asthmatic patients compared with those in healthy control subjects (mean [SEM]: 78 [5] vs 22 [3]/mm2 submucosa, P < .001). The bronchial epithelium expressed DP2, but its expression was decreased in asthmatic patients compared with that seen in healthy control subjects (mean [SEM]: 21 [3] vs 72 [11]/10 mm2 epithelial area, P = .001), with similar differences observed in vitro by primary epithelial cells. Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium was increased in asthmatic patients and related to decreased DP2 expression (rs = 0.69, P < .001). 13, 14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 promoted epithelial cell migration and at air-liquid interface cultures increased the number of MUC5AC+ and involucrin-positive cells, which were blocked with the DP2-selective antagonist AZD6430. Conclusions DP2 is expressed by the bronchial epithelium, and its activation drives epithelial differentiation, suggesting that in addition to its well-characterized role in inflammatory cell migration, DP2 might contribute to airway remodeling in asthmatic patients.
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Zhou D, Visessanguan W, Chaikaew S, Benjakul S, Oda K, Wlodawer A. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of histamine dehydrogenase from Natrinema gari BCC 24369. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:942-5. [PMID: 25005094 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14011327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Histamine dehydrogenase (HADH) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of histamine, resulting in the production of imidazole acetaldehyde and an ammonium ion. The enzyme isolated from the newly identified halophilic archaeon Natrinema gari BCC 24369 is significantly different from the previously described protein from Nocardioides simplex. This newly identified HADH comprises three subunits with molecular weights of 49.0, 24.7 and 23.9 kDa, respectively, and is optimally active under high-salt conditions (3.5-5 M NaCl). As a step in the exploration of the unique properties of the protein, the HADH heterotrimer was purified and crystallized. Crystals were obtained using the sitting-drop vapor-diffusion method from a solution composed of 0.2 M calcium chloride dihydrate, 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.5, 28% PEG 400. Diffraction data were collected at -173°C to a resolution limit of 2.4 Å on the Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team (SER-CAT) beamline 22-ID at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a=211.9, b=58.6, c=135.4 Å, β=103.0°. The estimated Matthews coefficient is 3.21 Å3 Da(-1), corresponding to 61.7% solvent content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwen Zhou
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chaikaew
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Phahonyothin Road, Klong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Kohei Oda
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Schmidt JA, Bell FM, Akam E, Marshall C, Dainty IA, Heinemann A, Dougall IG, Bonnert RV, Sargent CA. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:1626-38. [PMID: 23146091 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of DP2 as a second receptor for PGD2 has prompted the search for antagonists as potential novel therapies based on the associations between PGD2 and disease. Here we describe the biochemical and pharmacological properties of 4-(acetylamino)-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-2-methyl-1H-indole-1-acetic acid (AZD1981), a novel DP2 receptor antagonist. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Binding to DP2 , functional receptor pharmacology and selectivity were studied in both human and animal systems. KEY RESULTS AZD1981 displaced radio-labelled PGD2 from human recombinant DP2 with high potency (pIC50 = 8.4). Binding was reversible, non-competitive and highly selective against a panel of more than 340 other enzymes and receptors, including DP1 (>1000-fold selective). AZD1981 inhibited DP2 -mediated shape change and CD11b up-regulation in human eosinophils, shape change in basophils and chemotaxis of human eosinophils and Th2 cells with similar potency. AZD1981 exhibited good cross-species binding activity against mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and dog DP2 . Evaluation in mouse, rat or rabbit cell systems was not possible as they did not respond to DP2 agonists. Agonist responses were seen in guinea pig and dog, and AZD1981 blocked DP2 -mediated eosinophil shape change. Such responses were more robust in the guinea pig, where AZD1981 also blocked DP2 -dependent eosinophil emigration from bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS AZD1981 is a DP2 antagonist that blocks functional responses in eosinophils, Th2 cells and basophils. It exhibited similar potency irrespective of the cell type, DP2 agonist or species used. This selective orally active agent is currently under clinical evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent in respiratory diseases including asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Lipid mediators and allergic diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2013; 111:155-62. [PMID: 23987187 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the basic science and translational relevance of lipid mediators in the pathobiology of allergic diseases. DATA SOURCES PubMed was searched for articles using the key terms lipid mediator, prostaglandin, prostanoid, leukotriene, thromboxane, asthma, and allergic inflammation. STUDY SELECTIONS Articles were selected based on their relevance to the goals of this review. Articles with a particular focus on clinical and translational aspects of basic science discoveries were emphasized. RESULTS Lipid mediators are bioactive molecules generated from cell membrane phospholipids. They play important roles in many disease states, particularly in inflammatory and immune responses. Lipid mediators and their receptors are potentially useful as diagnostic markers of disease and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS Several useful therapeutic agents have been developed based on a growing understanding of the lipid mediator pathways in allergic disease, notably the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor type 1 antagonists and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, zileuton. Additional receptor agonists and antagonists relevant to these pathways are in development, and it is likely that future pharmacologic treatments for allergic disease will become available as our understanding of these molecules continues to evolve.
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Fretz H, Valdenaire A, Pothier J, Hilpert K, Gnerre C, Peter O, Leroy X, Riederer MA. Identification of 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4899-911. [PMID: 23721423 DOI: 10.1021/jm400122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of the novel CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 28 (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a clinical development candidate for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. A lead optimization program was started based on the discovery of the recently disclosed CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 5. An already favorable and druglike profile could be assessed for lead compound 5. Therefore, the lead optimization program mainly focused on the improvement in potency and oral bioavailability. Data of newly synthesized analogs were collected from in vitro pharmacological, physicochemical, in vitro ADME, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rat and the dog. The data were then analyzed using a traffic light selection tool as a visualization device in order to evaluate and prioritize candidates displaying a balanced overall profile. This data-driven process and the excellent results of the PK study in the rat (F = 44%) and the dog (F = 55%) facilitated the identification of 28 as a potent (IC50 = 6 nM), selective, and orally available CRTh2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Fretz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
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Histamine, carbachol, and serotonin induce hyperresponsiveness to ATP in guinea pig tracheas: involvement of COX-2 pathway. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1171-9. [PMID: 23475395 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP promotes an indirect contraction of airway smooth muscle via the secondary release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) from airway epithelium. Our aim was to evaluate if common contractile agonists modify this response to ATP. Tracheas from sensitized guinea pigs were used to evaluate ATP-induced contractions before and after a transient contraction produced by histamine, carbachol, or serotonin. Epithelial mRNA for COX-1 and COX-2 was measured by RT-PCR and their expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the initial response, ATP-induced contraction was potentiated by pretreatment with histamine, carbachol, or serotonin. Either suramin (antagonist of P2X and P2Y receptors) plus RB2 (antagonist of P2Y receptors) or indomethacin (inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2) annulled the ATP-induced contraction, suggesting that it was mediated by P2Y receptor stimulation and TXA2 production. When COX-2 was inhibited by SC-58125 or thromboxane receptors were antagonized by SQ-29548, just the potentiation was abolished, leaving the basal response intact. Airway epithelial cells showed increased COX-2 mRNA after stimulation with histamine or carbachol, but not serotonin, while COX-1 mRNA was unaffected. Immunochemistry corroborated this upregulation of COX-2. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that histamine and carbachol cause hyperresponsiveness to ATP by upregulating COX-2 in airway epithelium, which likely increases TXA2 production. Serotonin-mediated hyperresponsiveness seems to be independent of COX-2 upregulation, but nonetheless is TXA2 dependent. Because acetylcholine, histamine, and serotonin can be present during asthmatic exacerbations, their potential interactions with ATP might be relevant in its pathophysiology.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether prostaglandin D2 receptor (PTGDR) polymorphisms confer susceptibility to asthma. A meta-analysis was conducted on the associations between the PTGDR -549 C/T, -441 C/T, and -197 C/T polymorphisms and asthma using: (1) allele contrast, (2) the recessive model, (3) the dominant model, and (4) the additive model. Three polymorphism haplotypes were constructed in the order -549/-441/-179. Meta-analysis was performed on the haplotype CCC (high transcriptional activity) and of TCT (low transcriptional activity). A total of 13 separate comparative studies in 9 articles involving 7,155 patients with asthma and 7,285 control subjects were included in this meta-analysis. An association between asthma and the PTGDR -549 C/T polymorphism was found by allele contrast (OR = 1.133, 95 % CI = 1.004-1.279, P = 0.043). Ethnicity-specific meta-analysis showed an association between asthma and the PTGDR -549 C allele in Europeans (OR = 1.192, 95 % CI = 1.032-1.377, P = 0.017). Furthermore, stratifying subjects by age indicated an association between the PTGDR -549 C allele and asthma in adults (OR = 1.248, 95 % CI = 1.076-1.447, P = 0.003), but no association in children (OR = 0.933, 95 % CI = 0.756-1.154, P = 0.324). Analyses using the dominant and additive models showed the similar pattern as that observed for the PTGDR -549 C allele, that is, a significant association in Europeans and adults, but not in children. No association was found between asthma and the PTGDR -441 C/T or -197 C/T polymorphisms, and meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity and age also revealed no association between asthma and these polymorphisms. Furthermore, no association was found between asthma and the CCC and TCT haplotypes of PTGDR, and meta-analysis stratified by ethnicity and age revealed no association between asthma and the CCC and TCT PTGDR haplotypes. This meta-analysis demonstrates that the PTGDR -549 C/T polymorphism confers susceptibility to asthma in Europeans and adults. However, no association was found between the PTGDR 441 C/T and -197 C/T polymorphisms or the CCC and TCT haplotypes and asthma susceptibility.
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Diamant Z, Lammers JWJ, Sterk PJ. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists and Biosynthesis Inhibitors in Asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase inhibitors. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 51:97-133. [PMID: 22520473 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396493-9.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Baudouin-Legros M, Colas J, Moriceau S, Kelly M, Planelles G, Edelman A, Ollero M. Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1009-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Van Ly D, Burgess JK, Brock TG, Lee TH, Black JL, Oliver BGG. Prostaglandins but not leukotrienes alter extracellular matrix protein deposition and cytokine release in primary human airway smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L239-50. [PMID: 22637153 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00097.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are lipid-signaling mediators released by many cells in response to various stimuli. Increasing evidence suggests that eicosanoids such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins (PGs) may directly mediate remodeling. In this study, we assessed whether these substances could alter extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the inflammatory profiles of primary human airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) and fibroblasts. PGE(2) decreased both fibronectin and tenascin C in fibroblasts but only fibronectin in ASM. PGD(2) decreased both fibronectin and tenascin C in both ASM and fibroblasts, whereas PGF(2α) had no effect on ECM deposition. The selective PGI(2) analog, MRE-269, decreased fibronectin but not tenascin C in both cell types. All the PGs increased IL-6 and IL-8 release in a dose-dependent manner in ASM and fibroblasts. Changes in ECM deposition and cytokine release induced by prostaglandins in both ASM and fibroblasts were independent of an effect on cell number. Neither the acute nor repeated stimulation with leukotrienes had an effect on the deposition of ECM proteins or cytokine release from ASM or fibroblasts. We concluded that, collectively, these results provide evidence that PGs may contribute to ECM remodeling to a greater extent than leukotrienes in airway cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Ly
- Respiratory Research Group, Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, PO Box M77, Missenden Rd., Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia.
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The pivotal role of airway smooth muscle in asthma pathophysiology. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:742710. [PMID: 22220184 PMCID: PMC3246780 DOI: 10.1155/2011/742710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by the association of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodelling. The aim of the present article is to review the pivotal role of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in the pathophysiology of asthma. ASM is the main effector of AHR. The mechanisms of AHR in asthma may involve a larger release of contractile mediators and/or a lower release of relaxant mediators, an improved ASM cell excitation/contraction coupling, and/or an alteration in the contraction/load coupling. Beyond its contractile function, ASM is also involved in bronchial inflammation and remodelling. Whereas ASM is a target of the inflammatory process, it can also display proinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions, through its synthetic properties and the expression of a wide range of cell surface molecules. ASM remodelling represents a key feature of asthmatic bronchial remodelling. ASM also plays a role in promoting complementary airway structural alterations, in particular by its synthetic function.
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Sadik CD, Luster AD. Lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades orchestrate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 91:207-15. [PMID: 22058421 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0811402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractants are pivotal mediators of host defense, orchestrating the recruitment of immune cells into sites of infection and inflammation. Chemoattractants display vast chemical diversity and include bioactive lipids, proteolytic fragments of serum proteins, and chemokines (chemotactic cytokines). All chemoattractants induce chemotaxis by activating seven-transmembrane-spanning GPCRs expressed on immune cells, establishing the concept that all chemoattractants are related in function. However, although chemoattractants have overlapping functions in vitro, recent in vivo data have revealed that they function, in many cases, nonredundantly in vivo. The chemically diverse nature of chemoattractants contributes to the fine control of leukocyte trafficking in vivo, with sequential chemoattractant use guiding immune cell recruitment into inflammatory sites. Lipid mediators frequently function as initiators of leukocyte recruitment, attracting the first immune cells into tissues. These initial responding immune cells produce cytokines locally, which in turn, induce the local release of chemokines. Local chemokine production then markedly amplifies subsequent waves of leukocyte recruitment. These new discoveries establish a paradigm for leukocyte recruitment in inflammation--described as lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascades--as a driving force in the effector phase of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Dunford PJ, Holgate ST. The role of histamine in asthma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 709:53-66. [PMID: 21618887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8056-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a ubiquitous inflammatory mediator intimately associated with the pathology of allergy. Traditional antihistamines, targeting the histamine H1 receptor, have failed to demonstrate a significant role for histamine in asthma. Novel immunomodulatory roles for histamine and the discovery of a novel histamine receptor, the histamine H4 receptor, have resulted in a reassessment of its importance in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Dunford
- Department of Immunology, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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