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Holgate ST. Letter from the UK: Reflections on a turbulent 5 years. Respirology 2024; 29:258-259. [PMID: 38263858 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- MRC Clinical Professor of Immunopharmacology, UKRI Clean Air Champion and Special Advisor to the RCP on Air Quality, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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2
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Ewan PW, Durham SR, Scadding GK, Holgate ST. Celebrating 75 years of BSACI. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:1236-1238. [PMID: 38097392 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela W Ewan
- Allergy Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge Clinical School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Glenis K Scadding
- Royal National ENT Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Immunity & Infection, University College, London, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- MRC Clinical Professor, Southampton University Hospital Trust, Southampton, UK
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3
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Jutel M, Agache I, Zemelka-Wiacek M, Akdis M, Chivato T, Del Giacco S, Gajdanowicz P, Gracia IE, Klimek L, Lauerma A, Ollert M, O'Mahony L, Schwarze J, Shamji MH, Skypala I, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Bernstein JA, Cruz AA, Durham SR, Galli SJ, Gómez RM, Guttman-Yassky E, Haahtela T, Holgate ST, Izuhara K, Kabashima K, Larenas-Linnemann DE, von Mutius E, Nadeau KC, Pawankar R, Platts-Mills TAE, Sicherer SH, Park HS, Vieths S, Wong G, Zhang L, Bilò MB, Akdis CA. Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper. Allergy 2023; 78:2851-2874. [PMID: 37814905 DOI: 10.1111/all.15889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging and nano-technologies and patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts of unbiased data enabling in-depth disease characterization. New disease endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases and triggered the gradual transition from a disease description focused on symptoms to identifying biomarkers and intricate pathogenetic and metabolic pathways. Consequently, the current disease taxonomy has to be revised for better categorization. This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds to this challenge and provides a modern nomenclature for allergic diseases, which respects the earlier classifications back to the early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell and Coombs have been extended into nine different types comprising antibody- (I-III), cell-mediated (IVa-c), tissue-driven mechanisms (V-VI) and direct response to chemicals (VII). Types I-III are linked to classical and newly described clinical conditions. Type IVa-c are specified and detailed according to the current understanding of T1, T2 and T3 responses. Types V-VI involve epithelial barrier defects and metabolic-induced immune dysregulation, while direct cellular and inflammatory responses to chemicals are covered in type VII. It is notable that several combinations of mixed types may appear in the clinical setting. The clinical relevance of the current approach for allergy practice will be conferred in another article that will follow this year, aiming at showing the relevance in clinical practice where various endotypes can overlap and evolve over the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | | | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tomás Chivato
- School of Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pawel Gajdanowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ibon Eguiluz Gracia
- Allergy Unit, UMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, IBIMA-BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Isabel Skypala
- Department of Inflammation and Repair, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Part of Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Jose Torres
- Allergy Unit, UMA-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, IBIMA-BIONAND, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Fundaçao ProAR, Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory for Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Désirée E Larenas-Linnemann
- Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erica von Mutius
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giesen, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomas A E Platts-Mills
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Gary Wong
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - M Beatrice Bilò
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona and Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Marone G, Triggiani M, Casolaro V, Stellato C, de Paulis A, Holgate ST, Akdis CA, Galli SJ. In memoriam: Lawrence M. Lichtenstein (1934-2022). Allergy 2023; 78:331-332. [PMID: 36219503 DOI: 10.1111/all.15549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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5
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Monk PD, Brookes JL, Tear VJ, Batten TN, Mankowski M, Adzic-Vukicevic T, Crooks MG, Dosanjh DPS, Kraft M, Brightling CE, Gabbay FJ, Holgate ST, Djukanovic R, Wilkinson TMA. Nebulised interferon beta-1a (SNG001) in hospitalised COVID-19: SPRINTER Phase III Study. ERJ Open Res 2022; 9:00605-2022. [PMID: 36994453 PMCID: PMC9790107 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00605-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the availability of vaccines and therapies, patients are being hospitalised with COVID-19. Interferon-β is a naturally-occurring protein that stimulates host immune responses against most viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. SNG001 is a recombinant interferon-β1a formulation delivered to the lungsvianebuliser. SPRINTER assessed the efficacy and safety of SNG001 in adults hospitalised due to COVID-19 who required oxygenvianasal prongs or mask.MethodsPatients were randomised double-blind to SNG001 (N=309) or placebo (N=314) once-daily for 14 days plus standard of care (SoC). The primary objective was to evaluate recovery after administration of SNG001versusplacebo, in terms of times to hospital discharge and recovery to no limitation of activity. Key secondary endpoints were: progression to severe disease or death; progression to intubation or death; and death.ResultsMedian time to hospital discharge was 7.0 and 8.0 days with SNG001 and placebo, respectively (hazard ratio 1.06 [95%CI 0.89, 1.27]; p=0.51); time to recovery was 25.0 days in both groups (1.02 [0.81, 1.28]; p=0.89). There were no significant SNG001–placebo differences for the key secondary endpoints, with a 25.7% relative risk reduction in progression to severe disease or death (10.7% and 14.4%, respectively; odds ratio 0.71 [0.44, 1.15]; p=0.161). Serious adverse events were reported by 12.6% and 18.2% patients with SNG001 and placebo, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough the primary objective of the study was not met, SNG001 had a favourable safety profile, and the key secondary endpoints analysis suggested that SNG001 may have prevented progression to severe disease.Study registration number: ISRCTN85436698
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Monk PD, Evans RA, Tear VJ, Brookes JL, Batten T, Mankowski M, Djukanovic R, Holgate ST, Brightling C, Wilkinson T. LB1533. Impact of Treatment of Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients With Inhaled Interferon Beta-1a (SNG001) on Long COVID Symptoms: Results From the SPRINTER trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
People with post-COVID conditions can have a wide range of symptoms lasting months and it can affect as many as one in five infected people. Interferon beta (IFN-β) is key in host defence against viruses but can be suppressed by virus or host factors locally at the site of infection. Inhalation of SNG001 (IFN-β-1a nebuliser solution) aims to restore lung IFN-β levels. SPRINTER (NCT04732949) was a RCT of inhaled interferon beta in hospitalised COVID-19. There was no effect of SNG001 on the primary endpoints of time to discharge or recovery most likely due to improvements in the standard of care. However, there was an encouraging signal for the key secondary endpoint of prevention of progression to severe disease or death (ITT 26% relative risk reduction [RRR]; Odds Ratio [95% CI]: 0.71 [0.44, 1.15]; Per Protocol 36% RRR; OR 0.63 [0.35, 1.13]). Post hoc analyses showed enhanced effects favouring SNG001 in subgroups at higher risk of progression. We report on the impact of SNG001 on long COVID symptoms in SPRINTER.
Methods
Patients requiring low-flow oxygen were randomized to receive SNG001 (314) or placebo (309) once daily for 14 days, plus standard-of-care. Long COVID symptoms were assessed as a secondary endpoint at follow-up visits via telephone/video call on Day 60 and Day 90. The following patient reported outcome (PRO) measures were also assessed: General Anxiety Disorder 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) - Fatigue Scale and Brief Pain Inventory (Short Form).
Results
When compared to placebo, SNG001 reduced the relative risk of common symptoms of long COVID (fatigue/malaise [RRR=35.4%]; dyspnoea [RRR=28.3%]; loss of smell and/or taste [RRR=61.4%]). Analysis of the PROs is ongoing.
Assessment of COVID symptoms at Day 60 and 90 follow up visits
Effect of SNG001 treatment on long COVID symptoms
Conclusion
Long COVID can leave patients with lingering cognitive, respiratory, and functional symptoms months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the shift from pandemic to endemic status for COVID-19 and the need for new treatments then these findings, suggesting SNG001 may be impacting common long COVID symptoms, provide additional support for the further investigation of SNG001.
Disclosures
Phillip D. Monk, PhD, Synairgen Plc (Employed by Synairgen Research Ltd which is a subsidiary of Synairgen Plc, Stocks/Bonds): Board Member|Synairgen Plc (Employed by Synairgen Research Ltd which is a subsidiary of Synairgen Plc, Stocks/Bonds): Stocks/Bonds Victoria J. Tear, PhD, Synairgen Plc (Employed by Synairgen Research Ltd which is a subsidiary of Synairgen Plc, Stocks/Bonds): Stocks/Bonds Jody L. Brookes, BSc, Synairgen Plc (Employed by Synairgen Research Ltd which is a subsidiary of Synairgen Plc, Stocks/Bonds): Stocks/Bonds Marcin Mankowski, MD, MFPM (Dis), CytoDyn: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|ImmuPharma: Advisor/Consultant|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant Ratko Djukanovic, MD, Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Honoraria|Synairgen: Stocks/Bonds Stephen T. Holgate, FMedSci, MD, Synairgen: Board Member|Synairgen: Non executive board director, patent on inhaled interferon beta|Synairgen: Stocks/Bonds chris brightling, FMedSci, Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Grant/Research Support Tom Wilkinson, PhD, PhD, AZ: Grant/Research Support|AZ: Honoraria|My mhealth: Board Member|My mhealth: Ownership Interest|My mhealth: Stocks/Bonds|Synairgen: Grant/Research Support|Synairgen: Honoraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Monk
- Synairgen Research Limited , Southampton, England , United Kingdom
| | - Rachael A Evans
- University of Leicester , Leicester, England , United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Tear
- Synairgen Research Limited , Southampton, England , United Kingdom
| | - Jody L Brookes
- Synairgen Research Ltd , Southampton, England , United Kingdom
| | - Toby Batten
- Veramed Ltd , Twickenham, England , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , SOUTHAMPTON, England , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tom Wilkinson
- University of Southampton , Southampton, England , United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hall
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Stephen T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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8
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Durham SR, Till SJ, Holgate ST. Anthony Barrington Kay 1939-2020. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:206-208. [PMID: 33617069 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Durham
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Till
- Deparment of Allergy, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- MRC Clinical, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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9
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Monk PD, Marsden RJ, Tear VJ, Brookes J, Batten TN, Mankowski M, Gabbay FJ, Davies DE, Holgate ST, Ho LP, Clark T, Djukanovic R, Wilkinson TMA. Safety and efficacy of inhaled nebulised interferon beta-1a (SNG001) for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 9:196-206. [PMID: 33189161 PMCID: PMC7836724 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection carries a substantial risk of severe and prolonged illness; treatment options are currently limited. We assessed the efficacy and safety of inhaled nebulised interferon beta-1a (SNG001) for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 pilot trial at nine UK sites. Adults aged 18 years or older and admitted to hospital with COVID-19 symptoms, with a positive RT-PCR or point-of-care test, or both, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive SNG001 (6 MIU) or placebo by inhalation via a mouthpiece daily for 14 days. The primary outcome was the change in clinical condition on the WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (OSCI) during the dosing period in the intention-to-treat population (all randomised patients who received at least one dose of the study drug). The OSCI is a 9-point scale, where 0 corresponds to no infection and 8 corresponds to death. Multiple analyses were done to identify the most suitable statistical method for future clinical trials. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events for 28 days. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrialsregister.eu (2020-001023-14) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04385095); the pilot trial of inpatients with COVID-19 is now completed. FINDINGS Between March 30 and May 30, 2020, 101 patients were randomly assigned to SNG001 (n=50) or placebo (n=51). 48 received SNG001 and 50 received placebo and were included in the intention-to-treat population. 66 (67%) patients required oxygen supplementation at baseline: 29 in the placebo group and 37 in the SNG001 group. Patients receiving SNG001 had greater odds of improvement on the OSCI scale (odds ratio 2·32 [95% CI 1·07-5·04]; p=0·033) on day 15 or 16 and were more likely than those receiving placebo to recover to an OSCI score of 1 (no limitation of activities) during treatment (hazard ratio 2·19 [95% CI 1·03-4·69]; p=0·043). SNG001 was well tolerated. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse event was headache (seven [15%] patients in the SNG001 group and five [10%] in the placebo group). There were three deaths in the placebo group and none in the SNG001 group. INTERPRETATION Patients who received SNG001 had greater odds of improvement and recovered more rapidly from SARS-CoV-2 infection than patients who received placebo, providing a strong rationale for further trials. FUNDING Synairgen Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Monk
- Synairgen Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Victoria J Tear
- Synairgen Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jody Brookes
- Synairgen Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Donna E Davies
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Synairgen Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton, UK
| | - Ling-Pei Ho
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK
| | - Tristan Clark
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton, UK.
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. J Physiol 2020; 598:3793-3801. [PMID: 32666574 PMCID: PMC7610696 DOI: 10.1113/jp280389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the 'ARRIVE Essential 10,' which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the 'Recommended Set,' which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viki Hurst
- Science Manager – Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Professor of Vascular Pharmacology, Co-Director, The William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Director of the Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Alam
- Director of Publishing Ethics and Integrity, Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc T. Avey
- Lead Health Scientist, Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monya Baker
- Senior Editor, Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Browne
- Professor of Statistics, School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Clark
- Senior Editor, Team Manager – Life Sciences, PLOS ONE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Innes C. Cuthill
- Professor of Behavioural Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Director, QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- Reader in Platelet Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garner
- Professor, and Director of the Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicin Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- MRC Clinical Professor, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Professor of Neuroscience and Brain Plasticity, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A. Karp
- Principal Scientist– Statistician & UK Team Lead, Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Unite Kingdom
| | | | - Katie Lidster
- Programme Manager – Animal Welfare, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Professor of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Academic Lead for Research Improvement and Research Integrity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Esther J. Pearl
- Programme Manager – Experimental Design, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole H. Petersen
- Director of the Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rawle
- Director of Policy, Ethics and Governance, Medical Research Council, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Reynolds
- Biostatistician, Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core & Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology College of Medicin University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Associate Professor, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Stroke Association Kirby Laing Foundation Senior Non-Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg United Kingdom
| | - Shai D. Silberberg
- Director of Research Quality, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Associate Director, BRQC Animal Welfare Strategy Lead, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Professor for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1769-1777. [PMID: 32663096 PMCID: PMC7430098 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20943823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the "ARRIVE Essential 10," which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the "Recommended Set," which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viki Hurst
- Science Manager – Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Professor of Vascular Pharmacology, Co-Director, The William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Director of the Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Alam
- Director of Publishing Ethics and Integrity, Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc T. Avey
- Lead Health Scientist, Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monya Baker
- Senior Editor, Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Browne
- Professor of Statistics, School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Clark
- Senior Editor, Team Manager – Life Sciences, PLOS ONE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Innes C. Cuthill
- Professor of Behavioural Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Director, QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- Reader in Platelet Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garner
- Professor, and Director of the Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- MRC Clinical Professor, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Professor of Neuroscience and Brain Plasticity, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A. Karp
- Principal Scientist – Statistician & UK Team Lead, Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie Lidster
- Programme Manager – Animal Welfare, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Professor of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Academic Lead for Research Improvement and Research Integrity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Esther J. Pearl
- Programme Manager – Experimental Design, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole H. Petersen
- Director of the Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rawle
- Director of Policy, Ethics and Governance, Medical Research Council, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Reynolds
- Biostatistician, Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core & Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Associate Professor, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Stroke Association Kirby Laing Foundation Senior Non-Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shai D. Silberberg
- Director of Research Quality, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Associate Director, BRQC Animal Welfare Strategy Lead, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Professor for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1459-1466. [PMID: 32666546 PMCID: PMC7610926 DOI: 10.1113/ep088870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the "ARRIVE Essential 10," which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the "Recommended Set," which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viki Hurst
- Science Manager – Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Professor of Vascular Pharmacology, Co-Director, The William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Director of the Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Alam
- Director of Publishing Ethics and Integrity, Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc T. Avey
- Lead Health Scientist, Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monya Baker
- Senior Editor, Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Browne
- Professor of Statistics, School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Clark
- Senior Editor, Team Manager – Life Sciences, PLOS ONE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Innes C. Cuthill
- Professor of Behavioural Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Director, QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- Reader in Platelet Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garner
- Professor, and Director of the Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- MRC Clinical Professor, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Professor of Neuroscience and Brain Plasticity, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A. Karp
- Principal Scientist – Statistician & UK Team Lead, Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie Lidster
- Programme Manager – Animal Welfare, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Professor of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Academic Lead for Research Improvement and Research Integrity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Esther J. Pearl
- Programme Manager – Experimental Design, NC3Rs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole H. Petersen
- Director of the Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Rawle
- Director of Policy, Ethics and Governance, Medical Research Council, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Reynolds
- Biostatistician, Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core & Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Associate Professor, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Stroke Association Kirby Laing Foundation Senior Non-Clinical Lecturer, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburg United Kingdom
| | - Shai D. Silberberg
- Director of Research Quality, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Associate Director, BRQC Animal Welfare Strategy Lead, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hanno Würbel
- Professor for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3617-3624. [PMID: 32662519 PMCID: PMC7393194 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the "ARRIVE Essential 10," which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the "Recommended Set," which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Marc T Avey
- Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Innes C Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Garner
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Penny Reynolds
- Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core & Research Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Shai D Silberberg
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hanno Würbel
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Wuerbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. BMJ Open Sci 2020; 4:e100115. [PMID: 34095516 PMCID: PMC7610906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2020-100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into two sets, the 'ARRIVE Essential 10', which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the 'Recommended Set', which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viki Hurst
- Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Monya Baker
- Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Innes C Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Quest Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Garner
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca PLC, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Academic Lead for Research Improvement and Research Integrity, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, UK
| | - Frances Rawle
- Policy, Ethics and Governance, Medical Research Council, London, UK
| | - Penny Reynolds
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shai D Silberberg
- Research Quality, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hanno Wuerbel
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:242. [PMID: 32660541 PMCID: PMC7359286 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the "ARRIVE Essential 10," which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the "Recommended Set," which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viki Hurst
- Experimental Design and Reporting, NC3Rs, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
- Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sabina Alam
- Publishing Ethics and Integrity, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK
| | - Marc T Avey
- Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Monya Baker
- Opinion, Nature, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Innes C Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Garner
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David W Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances Rawle
- Policy, Ethics and Governance, Medical Research Council, London, UK
| | - Penny Reynolds
- Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR), Department of Anesthesiology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shai D Silberberg
- Research Quality, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hanno Würbel
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Percie du Sert N, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Hurst V, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. Reporting animal research: Explanation and elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000411. [PMID: 32663221 PMCID: PMC7360025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting is vital to this process; it allows readers to assess the reliability of the findings and repeat or build upon the work of other researchers. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) were developed in 2010 to help authors and journals identify the minimum information necessary to report in publications describing in vivo experiments. Despite widespread endorsement by the scientific community, the impact of ARRIVE on the transparency of reporting in animal research publications has been limited. We have revised the ARRIVE guidelines to update them and facilitate their use in practice. The revised guidelines are published alongside this paper. This explanation and elaboration document was developed as part of the revision. It provides further information about each of the 21 items in ARRIVE 2.0, including the rationale and supporting evidence for their inclusion in the guidelines, elaboration of details to report, and examples of good reporting from the published literature. This document also covers advice and best practice in the design and conduct of animal studies to support researchers in improving standards from the start of the experimental design process through to publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Alam
- Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc T. Avey
- Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monya Baker
- Nature, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Innes C. Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garner
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Natasha A. Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ole H. Petersen
- Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Penny Reynolds
- Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shai D. Silberberg
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Hanno Würbel
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne WJ, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Holgate ST, Howells DW, Karp NA, Lazic SE, Lidster K, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Pearl EJ, Petersen OH, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H. The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000410. [PMID: 32663219 PMCID: PMC7360023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1977] [Impact Index Per Article: 494.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the "ARRIVE Essential 10," which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the "Recommended Set," which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- The William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Barts Cardiovascular CTU, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Alam
- Taylor & Francis Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc T. Avey
- Health Science Practice, ICF, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Monya Baker
- Nature, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Innes C. Cuthill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health & Department of Experimental Neurology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Emerson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Garner
- Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Global Health, Clinical Sciences Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Natasha A. Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ole H. Petersen
- Academia Europaea Knowledge Hub, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Penny Reynolds
- Statistics in Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Core, Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shai D. Silberberg
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Hanno Würbel
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Sipido KR, Antoñanzas F, Celis J, Degos L, Frackowiak R, Fuster V, Ganten D, Gay S, Hofstraat H, Holgate ST, Krestin G, Manns M, Meunier F, Oertel W, Palkonen S, Pavalkis D, Rübsamen-Schaeff H, Smith U, Stallknecht BM, Zima T. Overcoming fragmentation of health research in Europe: lessons from COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395:1970-1971. [PMID: 32559417 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin R Sipido
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Julio Celis
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Degos
- Department of Hematology, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Richard Frackowiak
- Faculté des sciences du vivant, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Mount Sinai Medical Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Detlev Ganten
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Steffen Gay
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen T Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southamptom, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabriel Krestin
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, M-rburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | | | - Tomáš Zima
- Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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19
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Humbert M, Bourdin A, Papadopoulos NG, Holgate ST, Hanania NA, Halpin DMG, Chapman KR, Gavornikova M, Price DB, Kaplan A, Heaney LG. Reducing the hidden burden of severe asthma: recognition and referrals from primary practice. J Asthma 2020; 58:849-854. [PMID: 32347748 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1759084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction many decades ago, systemic corticosteroids have become a mainstay treatment for asthma. Despite being a highly effective therapy, corticosteroids can cause significant adverse effects in patients. This results in a "double hit" for some patients as they suffer the burden of disease as well as the burden of treatment-induced morbidity.This article aims to raise awareness of the potential, harmful side effects of prolonged or repeated exposure to systemic corticosteroids in asthma. It also highlights the importance of referral of the appropriate patients with asthma from primary care for specialist assessment once other considerations such as adherence, inhaler technique and co-morbidity have been evaluated. We propose a simple decision step that may help busy primary care physicians and general practitioners to identify patients who could benefit from specialist assessment.Our decision step suggests that a patient with asthma should be reviewed at least once by an asthma specialist if he/she (i) has received ≥2 courses of oral corticosteroids in the previous year; asthma remains uncontrolled despite good adherence and inhaler technique; or (ii) has attended an emergency department or was hospitalized for asthma care.Such referral could facilitate wider access to diagnostic tools, in-depth assessment of confounding comorbidities, and non-corticosteroid-based therapies as needed, which may be unavailable in primary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Inflammation & Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Allergy Department, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kenneth R Chapman
- Asthma and Airway Centre, University Health Network, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David B Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore.,University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alan Kaplan
- Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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20
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Feldmann M, Maini RN, Woody JN, Holgate ST, Winter G, Rowland M, Richards D, Hussell T. Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed. Lancet 2020; 395:1407-1409. [PMID: 32278362 PMCID: PMC7158940 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | | | | | - Stephen T Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew Rowland
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - F J Kelly
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health of Population Health Sciences, King's College London and Imperial College London, UK
| | - S T Holgate
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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22
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Abstract
Although once considered a single disease entity, asthma is now known to be a complex inflammatory disease engaging a range of causal pathways. The most frequent forms of asthma are identified by sputum/blood eosinophilia and activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways involving interleukins-3, -4, -5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The use of diagnostics that identify T2 engagement linked to the selective use of highly targeted biologics has opened up a new way of managing severe disease. Novel technologies, such as wearables and intelligent inhalers, enable real-time remote monitoring of asthma, creating a unique opportunity for personalized health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, The Sir Henry Wellcome Research Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, Mail Point 810, Level, Southampton SO166YD, UK.
| | | | | | - Kay Boycott
- Asthma UK, 18 Mansell Street, London E1 8AA, UK
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Loxham
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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24
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Busse WW, Humbert M, Haselkorn T, Ortiz B, Trzaskoma BL, Stephenson P, Garcia Conde L, Kianifard F, Holgate ST. Effect of omalizumab on lung function and eosinophil levels in adolescents with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 124:190-196. [PMID: 31760132 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omalizumab improves clinical outcomes in patients with asthma. Several studies have shown lung function improvements with omalizumab; however, this has not been examined exclusively in adolescents. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of omalizumab on lung function and eosinophil counts in adolescents with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. METHODS In this post hoc analysis, data from adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from 8 randomized trials of omalizumab were pooled (studies 008, 009, and 011, and SOLAR, INNOVATE, ALTO, ETOPA, and EXTRA). Changes from baseline to end of study in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), percent predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and blood eosinophil counts were assessed by fitting an analysis of covariance model and calculating least squares mean (LSM) difference for omalizumab vs placebo. RESULTS A total of 340 adolescents were identified (omalizumab, n = 203 [59.7%]; placebo, n = 137 [40.3%]). Omalizumab increased all baseline lung function variables more than placebo by end of study: LSM treatment differences (95% confidence interval) were 3.0% (0.2%-5.7%; P = .035), 120.9 mL (30.6-211.2 mL; P = .009), and 101.5 mL (8.3-194.6 mL; P = .033) for ppFEV1, absolute FEV1, and FVC, respectively. The LSM difference demonstrated a greater reduction in eosinophil counts for omalizumab vs placebo: -85.9 cells/μL (-137.1 to -34.6 cells/μL; P = .001). CONCLUSION Omalizumab was associated with lung function improvements and circulating eosinophil counts reductions in adolescents with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma. Findings emphasize the effect of omalizumab in young patients and the need to optimize treatment early in the disease course. https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT00314574, NCT00046748, NCT00401596.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | | | | | - Benjamin Ortiz
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Farid Kianifard
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
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25
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Bedke N, Swindle EJ, Molnar C, Holt PG, Strickland DH, Roberts GC, Morris R, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Blume C. A method for the generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood. J Immunol Methods 2019; 477:112703. [PMID: 31711888 PMCID: PMC6983936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. It is well accepted that their regulatory functions change over the life course. In order to study DCs function during early life it is important to characterize the function of neonatal DCs. However, the availability of neonatal DCs is limited due to ethical reasons or relative small samples of cord blood making it difficult to perform large-scale experiments. Our aim was to establish a robust protocol for the generation of neonatal DCs from cord blood derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. For the expansion of DC precursor cells we used a cytokine cocktail containing Flt-3 L, SCF, TPO, IL-3 and IL-6. The presence of IL-3 and IL-6 in the first 2 weeks of expansion culture was essential for the proliferation of DC precursor cells expressing CD14. After 4 weeks in culture, CD14+ precursor cells were selected and functional DCs were generated in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Neonatal DCs were then stimulated with Poly(I:C) and LPS to mimic viral or bacterial infections, respectively. Poly(I:C) induced a higher expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD86 and CD40 compared to LPS. In line with literature data using cord blood DCs, our Poly(I:C) matured neonatal DCs cells showed a higher release of IL-12p70 compared to LPS matured neonatal DCs. Additionally, we demonstrated a higher release of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, but lower release of IL-10 in Poly(I:C) matured compared to LPS matured neonatal DCs derived from cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. In summary, we established a robust protocol for the generation of large numbers of functional neonatal DCs. In line with previous studies, we showed that neonatal DCs generated form CD34+ cord blood progenitors have a higher inflammatory potential when exposed to viral than bacterial related stimuli. A robust protocol for the generation of high numbers of neonatal dendritic cells. IL-3 and IL-6 are crucial for the proliferation of cord blood CD34+ progenitors. Neonatal DCs have a higher inflammatory potential when exposed to viral stimuli. LPS induces higher release of IL-10 in neonatal DCs compared to Poly(I:C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bedke
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily J Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Camelia Molnar
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Graham C Roberts
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Morris
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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26
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Holgate ST. Air pollution: The time has arrived for the medical profession to take ownership of the problem and act. Respirology 2019; 24:1138-1139. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Southampton Southampton UK
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27
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Holgate ST. Letter from the UK (if we still exist after recent events!): Air pollution: The public health challenge of our time. Respirology 2019; 24:286-287. [PMID: 30681225 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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28
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Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A, Alam S, Altman DG, Avey MT, Baker M, Browne W, Clark A, Cuthill IC, Dirnagl U, Emerson M, Garner P, Howells DW, Karp NA, MacCallum CJ, Macleod M, Petersen O, Rawle F, Reynolds P, Rooney K, Sena ES, Silberberg SD, Steckler T, Würbel H, Holgate ST. Revision of the ARRIVE guidelines: rationale and scope. BMJ Open Sci 2018; 2:e000002. [PMID: 33954268 PMCID: PMC7610716 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2018-000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2010, the NC3Rs published the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines to improve the reporting of animal research. Despite considerable levels of support from the scientific community, the impact on the quality of reporting in animal research publications has been limited. This position paper highlights the strategy of an expert working group established to revise the guidelines and facilitate their uptake. The group's initial work will focus on three main areas: prioritisation of the ARRIVE items into a tiered system, development of an explanation and elaboration document, and revision of specific items.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- QUEST–Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Paul Garner
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Natasha A Karp
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Science, IMED Biotech Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kieron Rooney
- University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily S Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shai D Silberberg
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Phillips DIW, Osmond C, Southall H, Aucott P, Jones A, Holgate ST. Evaluating the long-term consequences of air pollution in early life: geographical correlations between coal consumption in 1951/1952 and current mortality in England and Wales. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018231. [PMID: 29703847 PMCID: PMC5922482 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between early life air pollution and subsequent mortality. DESIGN Geographical study. SETTING Local government districts within England and Wales. EXPOSURE Routinely collected geographical data on the use of coal and related solid fuels in 1951-1952 were used as an index of air pollution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated the relationship between these data and both all-cause and disease-specific mortality among men and women aged 35-74 years in local government districts between 1993 and 2012. RESULTS Domestic (household) coal consumption had the most powerful associations with mortality. There were strong correlations between domestic coal use and all-cause mortality (relative risk per SD increase in fuel use 1.124, 95% CI 1.123 to 1.126), and respiratory (1.238, 95% CI 1.234 to 1.242), cardiovascular (1.138, 95% CI 1.136 to 1.140) and cancer mortality (1.073, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.075). These effects persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic indicators in 1951, current socioeconomic indicators and current pollution levels. CONCLUSION Coal was the major cause of pollution in the UK until the Clean Air Act of 1956 led to a rapid decline in consumption. These data suggest that coal-based pollution, experienced over 60 years ago in early life, affects human health now by increasing mortality from a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I W Phillips
- The Medical Research Council's Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Osmond
- The Medical Research Council's Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Paula Aucott
- Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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30
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Loxham M, Smart DE, Bedke NJ, Smithers NP, Filippi I, Blume C, Swindle EJ, Tariq K, Howarth PH, Holgate ST, Davies DE. Allergenic proteases cleave the chemokine CX3CL1 directly from the surface of airway epithelium and augment the effect of rhinovirus. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:404-414. [PMID: 28677664 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CX3CL1 has been implicated in allergen-induced airway CD4+ T-lymphocyte recruitment in asthma. As epidemiological evidence supports a viral infection-allergen synergy in asthma exacerbations, we postulated that rhinovirus (RV) infection in the presence of allergen augments epithelial CX3CL1 release. Fully differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cultures were pretreated apically with house dust mite (HDM) extract and infected with rhinovirus-16 (RV16). CX3CL1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting, and shedding mechanisms assessed using inhibitors, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) agonist, and recombinant CX3CL1-expressing HEK293T cells. Basolateral CX3CL1 release was unaffected by HDM but stimulated by RV16; inhibition by fluticasone or GM6001 implicated nuclear factor-κB and ADAM (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase) sheddases. Conversely, apical CX3CL1 shedding was stimulated by HDM and augmented by RV16. Although fluticasone or GM6001 reduced RV16+HDM-induced apical CX3CL1 release, heat inactivation or cysteine protease inhibition completely blocked CX3CL1 shedding. The HDM effect was via enzymatic cleavage of CX3CL1, not PAR-2 activation, yielding a product mitogenic for smooth muscle cells. Extracts of Alternaria fungus caused similar CX3CL1 shedding. We have identified a novel mechanism whereby allergenic proteases cleave CX3CL1 from the apical epithelial surface to yield a biologically active product. RV16 infection augmented HDM-induced CX3CL1 shedding-this may contribute to synergy between allergen exposure and RV infection in triggering asthma exacerbations and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loxham
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D E Smart
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N J Bedke
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N P Smithers
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - I Filippi
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - C Blume
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E J Swindle
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K Tariq
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P H Howarth
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S T Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D E Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Bruton A, Lee A, Yardley L, Raftery J, Arden-Close E, Kirby S, Zhu S, Thiruvothiyur M, Webley F, Taylor L, Gibson D, Yao G, Stafford-Watson M, Versnel J, Moore M, George S, Little P, Djukanovic R, Price D, Pavord ID, Holgate ST, Thomas M. Physiotherapy breathing retraining for asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2018; 6:19-28. [PMID: 29248433 PMCID: PMC5757422 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(17)30474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective pharmacotherapy, asthma continues to impair quality of life for most patients. Non-pharmacological approaches, including breathing retraining, are therefore of great interest to patients. However, clinicians rarely advocate breathing retraining and access to this intervention is restricted for most patients due to the limited availability of suitable physiotherapists and poor integration of breathing retraining into standard care. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a digital self-guided breathing retraining intervention. METHODS In this randomised controlled trial, we recruited patients from 34 general practices in the UK. Eligibility criteria for patients with asthma were broad, comprising a physician diagnosis of asthma, age of 16-70 years, receipt of at least one anti-asthma medication in the previous year, and impaired asthma-related quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [AQLQ] score of <5·5). We developed a self-guided intervention, which was delivered as a DVD plus a printed booklet (DVDB). Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the DVDB intervention, three face-to-face breathing retraining sessions, or standard care, in a 2:1:2 ratio, for 12 months. Randomisation was achieved using the Southampton Clinical Trials Unit telephone randomisation service by use of random number generators. The primary outcome was the AQLQ score in the intention-to-treat population at 12 months. The trial was powered to show equivalence between the two active intervention groups, and superiority of both intervention groups over usual care. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported and physiological measures of asthma control, patient acceptability, and health-care costs. This trial was registered with International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry, number ISRCTN88318003. FINDINGS Between Nov 5, 2012 and Jan 28, 2014, invitations to participate in the study were sent to 15 203 patients with general practitioner-diagnosed asthma, of whom 655 were recruited into the study. AQLQ scores at 12 months were significantly higher in the DVDB group (mean 5·40, SD 1·14) than in the usual care group (5·12, SD 1·17; adjusted mean difference 0·28, 95% CI 0·11 to 0·44), and in the face-to-face group (5·33, SD 1·06) than in the usual care group (adjusted mean difference 0·24, 95% CI 0·04 to 0·44); AQLQ scores were similar between the DVDB group and the face-to-face group (0·04, 95% CI -0·16 to 0·24). There were no significant differences between the randomisation groups in FEV1 or fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. 744 adverse events occurred in 272 patients: 101 (39%) of 261 patients in the DVDB group, 55 (42%) of 132 patients in the face-to-face group, and 132 (50%) of 262 in the usual care group, with patients reporting one or more event. 11 (4%) patients in the DVDB group, four (3%) patients in the face-to-face group, and 20 (8%) patients in the usual care group had a serious adverse event. INTERPRETATION Breathing retraining programmes improve quality of life in patients with incompletely controlled asthma despite having little effect on lung function or airway inflammation. Such programmes can be delivered conveniently and cost-effectively as a self-guided digital audiovisual programme, so might also reduce health-care costs. FUNDING UK National Institute of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bruton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Amanda Lee
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Faculty of Social, Human & Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James Raftery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emily Arden-Close
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Sarah Kirby
- Faculty of Social, Human & Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Shihua Zhu
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Manimekalai Thiruvothiyur
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frances Webley
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lyn Taylor
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Denise Gibson
- Therapy Department, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Guiqing Yao
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Stafford-Watson
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research Centre Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Michael Moore
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Steve George
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - David Price
- Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mike Thomas
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK; Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology Division, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Bucchieri F, Pitruzzella A, Fucarino A, Gammazza AM, Bavisotto CC, Marcianò V, Cajozzo M, Lo Iacono G, Marchese R, Zummo G, Holgate ST, Davies DE. Functional characterization of a novel 3D model of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:82-92. [PMID: 28368678 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1303098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Epithelial-mesenchymal communication plays a key role in tissue homeostasis and abnormal signaling contributes to chronic airways disease such as COPD. Most in vitro models are limited in complexity and poorly represent this epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit. We postulated that cellular outgrowth from bronchial tissue would enable development of a mucosal structure that recapitulates better in vivo tissue architecture. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bronchial tissue was embedded in Matrigel and outgrowth cultures monitored using time-lapse microscopy, electrical resistance, light and electron microscopy. Cultures were challenged repetitively with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). RESULTS The outgrowths formed as a multicellular sheet with motile cilia becoming evident as the Matrigel was remodeled to provide an air interface; cultures were viable for more than one year. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy (EM) identified an upper layer of mucociliary epithelium and a lower layer of highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) interspersed with fibroblastic cells separated by a basement membrane. EM analysis of the mucosal construct after repetitive exposure to CSE revealed epithelial damage, loss of cilia, and ECM remodeling, as occurs in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a robust bronchial mucosal model. The structural changes observed following CSE exposure suggest the model should have utility for drug discovery and preclinical testing, especially those targeting airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bucchieri
- a Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom.,b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,c Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy.,d Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,c Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,c Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,c Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,c Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Vito Marcianò
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Massimo Cajozzo
- e Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giorgio Lo Iacono
- e Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Roberto Marchese
- f Interventional Pulmonology Unit , La Maddalena Cancer Center , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- b Dipartimento BIONEC , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- a Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom.,g Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton School of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- a Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences , University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom.,g Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories , University of Southampton School of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , United Kingdom
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Abstract
Air pollution has become one of the major risks to human health because of the progressive increase in the use of vehicles powered by fossil fuels. While the risks of air pollution to health were thought to have been brought under control by the Clean Air Acts of the 1950s and 1960s, the situation of air pollution in the UK has now deteriorated to a point where it is contributing to 40,000 excess deaths each year. Here the findings of the RCP/RCPCH's 2015/16 Working Party on Air Pollution and Health are described and what actions now need to be taken. The UK needs to take a lead and introduce a new Clean Air Act that deals with the vehicle sources of pollution recognising that the toxic particles and gases emitted are effecting individuals from conception to death. This mandates urgent action by government both central and local, but also by all of us who have now become so dependent on road transport.
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Djukanović R, Bruselle G, Walker S, Holgate ST, Škrgat S, Kuna P, Heaney LG, Canonica GW, Vestbo J. The era of research collaborations: new models for working together. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:1601848. [PMID: 28049174 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01848-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Djukanović
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - Guy Bruselle
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samantha Walker
- Asthma UK, London, UK
- European Asthma Research and Innovation Partnership, London, UK
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, UK
| | - Sabina Škrgat
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Clinic, DIMI Dept of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa - IRCCS San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Belvisi MG, Morty RE, Rohde G, Miravitlles M, Forrest KA, Genton C, Ritter N, Luludi N, Jimenez A, Rigau D, Tonia T, Vaccaro V, Pannetier C, Brusselle GG, Holgate ST. The ever-expanding ERS fellowship programmes: achievements over the past 3 years. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:595-9. [PMID: 27581399 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01146-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory E Morty
- Dept of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Dept, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kathryn A Forrest
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Genton
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ritter
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nikoleta Luludi
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Jimenez
- Educational Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Rigau
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Vaccaro
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Pannetier
- Scientific Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland Educational Activities Dept, European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Depts of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Davies ER, Kelly JFC, Howarth PH, Wilson DI, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Whitsett JA, Haitchi HM. Soluble ADAM33 initiates airway remodeling to promote susceptibility for allergic asthma in early life. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27489884 PMCID: PMC4968941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airways disease that usually begins in early life and involves gene-environment interactions. Although most asthma exhibits allergic inflammation, many allergic individuals do not have asthma. Here, we report how the asthma gene a disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 (ADAM33) acts as local tissue susceptibility gene that promotes allergic asthma. We show that enzymatically active soluble ADAM33 (sADAM33) is increased in asthmatic airways and plays a role in airway remodeling, independent of inflammation. Furthermore, remodeling and inflammation are both suppressed in Adam33-null mice after allergen challenge. When induced in utero or added ex vivo, sADAM33 causes structural remodeling of the airways, which enhances postnatal airway eosinophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness following subthreshold challenge with an aeroallergen. This substantial gene-environment interaction helps to explain the end-organ expression of allergic asthma in genetically susceptible individuals. Finally, we show that sADAM33-induced airway remodeling is reversible, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting ADAM33 in asthma. Loss of ADAM33 suppresses airway remodeling and allergic inflammation in mice, suggesting the therapeutic potential of targeting ADAM33 in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Davies
- The Brooke Laboratory, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne F C Kelly
- The Brooke Laboratory, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Howarth
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David I Wilson
- Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- The Brooke Laboratory, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- The Brooke Laboratory, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.; Institute for Life Sciences, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Malerba M, D Amato M, Radaeli A, Giacovelli G, Rovati L, Arshad SH, Holgate ST. Efficacy of Andolast in Mild to Moderate Asthma: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Multicenter Study (The Andast Trial). Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:3835-43. [PMID: 25845448 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150407101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andolast is a new airway specific anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of the present multicentered, randomized, placebo controlled study is to investigate whether andolast produces a therapeutic response greater than placebo in asthmatic adult patients. METHODS 549 symptomatic patients with mild or moderate asthma were randomized to receive andolast at three different doses (2, 4, or 8 mg t.i.d.) or placebo for 12 weeks. Efficacy and safety were evaluated during scheduled visits with pulmonary function tests, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), symptoms diary and quality of life questionnaire. The primary outcome included the changes (expressed as percent variation) from baseline of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) absolute values after 12 weeks of treatment. FINDINGS One hundred and thirty one (131) patients were treated with andolast at the dose of 2 mg t.i.d., 128 patients at the dose of 4 mg t.i.d., 144 at the dose of 8 mg t.i.d. and 146 with placebo. Andolast produced a dose dependent significant improvement over placebo on airflow obstruction, as shown by the changes in FEV1 (andolast 2, 4, 8 mg vs. placebo: p = 0.011), especially in a subgroup of patients showing moderate airways obstruction (FEV1<80%pred). The mean number of asthma control days and free days significantly increased, the average number of inhaled puffs of short-acting α2-agonists used as rescue medication was significantly reduced as compared with placebo. Andolast also significantly decreased the incidence of asthma exacerbation episodes. CONCLUSION Andolast proved to be significantly more effective than placebo in improving airflow, and in controlling asthma symptoms both during day and night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili. Pzza Spedali Civili 1. 25100 Brescia -Italy.
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Busse WW, Holgate ST, Wenzel SW, Klekotka P, Chon Y, Feng J, Ingenito EP, Nirula A. Biomarker Profiles in Asthma With High vs Low Airway Reversibility and Poor Disease Control. Chest 2016; 148:1489-1496. [PMID: 26226215 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High bronchodilator reversibility in adult asthma is associated with distinct clinical characteristics. This analysis compares lung function, biomarker profiles, and disease control in patients with high reversibility (HR) and low reversibility (LR) asthma. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed with data from two completed clinical trials of similar design. Patients were divided into HR and LR subgroups based on their response to bronchodilators (HR = ΔFEV1 postbronchodilator ≥ 20%). Blood eosinophil count, serum IgE level, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide concentration, biomarkers commonly used to stratify patients into T-helper (Th)-2-high vs Th2-low phenotypes, were measured in patients with not well controlled (1.5 ≤ Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ] ≤ 2.143) and very poorly controlled (ACQ > 2.143) disease. RESULTS The majority of patients in the HR and LR subgroups displayed Th2-low biomarker profiles and very poor disease control. HR was more frequently associated with Th2-high biomarker profiles (40.1% vs 29.4%, P = .006), lower lung function (FEV1, 63.5 ± 7.7% predicted vs 67.9 ± 8.4% predicted; P < .001), and atopy (93.7% vs 86.5%, P = .005). CONCLUSIONS HR is a physiologic indicator of reduced lung function and is more often associated with elevations in Th2 biomarkers than LR in moderate to severe asthma. However, the majority of patients with HR and LR asthma in this analysis had a Th2-low biomarker profile. Moreover, a Th2-high biomarker profile was not associated with worse disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Facility of Medicine, University of Southhampton, Highfield, Southhampton, England
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Manuyakorn W, Smart DE, Noto A, Bucchieri F, Haitchi HM, Holgate ST, Howarth PH, Davies DE. Mechanical Strain Causes Adaptive Change in Bronchial Fibroblasts Enhancing Profibrotic and Inflammatory Responses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153926. [PMID: 27101406 PMCID: PMC4839664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by periodic episodes of bronchoconstriction and reversible airway obstruction; these symptoms are attributable to a number of factors including increased mass and reactivity of bronchial smooth muscle and extracellular matrix (ECM) in asthmatic airways. Literature has suggested changes in cell responses and signaling can be elicited via modulation of mechanical stress acting upon them, potentially affecting the microenvironment of the cell. In this study, we hypothesized that mechanical strain directly affects the (myo)fibroblast phenotype in asthma. Therefore, we characterized responses of bronchial fibroblasts, from 6 normal and 11 asthmatic non-smoking volunteers, exposed to cyclical mechanical strain using flexible silastic membranes. Samples were analyzed for proteoglycans, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagens I and III, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 & 9 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by qRT-PCR, Western blot, zymography and ELISA. Mechanical strain caused a decrease in αSMA mRNA but no change in either αSMA protein or proteoglycan expression. In contrast the inflammatory mediator IL-8, MMPs and interstitial collagens were increased at both the transcriptional and protein level. The results demonstrate an adaptive response of bronchial fibroblasts to mechanical strain, irrespective of donor. The adaptation involves cytoskeletal rearrangement, matrix remodelling and inflammatory cytokine release. These results suggest that mechanical strain could contribute to disease progression in asthma by promoting inflammation and remodelling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiparat Manuyakorn
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Smart
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonio Noto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- BIONEC Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, IEMEST, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- BIONEC Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, IEMEST, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hans Michael Haitchi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H. Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Migliori GB, Bel E, Joos G, Elliott M, Rohde G, Holgate ST, Gratziou C, Smyth D, Gaga M, Cordeiro CR, Burghuber OC, Brusselle G, Martin-Burrieza F, Bill W, Sax B, Vestbo J. The European Respiratory Society evaluates its 2013–2018 strategic plan implementation. Eur Respir J 2016; 47:693-8. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02110-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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An SS, Mitzner W, Tang WY, Ahn K, Yoon AR, Huang J, Kilic O, Yong HM, Fahey JW, Kumar S, Biswal S, Holgate ST, Panettieri RA, Solway J, Liggett SB. An inflammation-independent contraction mechanophenotype of airway smooth muscle in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:294-297.e4. [PMID: 26936804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S An
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jessie Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Onur Kilic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Hwan Mee Yong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Cullman Chemoprotection Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephen B Liggett
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, and the Center for Personalized Medicine and Genomics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
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Tiligada E, Ishii M, Riccardi C, Spedding M, Simon HU, Teixeira MM, Landys Chovel Cuervo M, Holgate ST, Levi-Schaffer F. The expanding role of immunopharmacology: IUPHAR Review 16. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4217-27. [PMID: 26173913 PMCID: PMC4556463 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the immune system such as corticosteroids, antihistamines and immunosuppressants have been widely exploited in the treatment of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune disorders during the second half of the 20th century. The recent advances in immunopharmacological research have made available new classes of clinically relevant drugs. These comprise protein kinase inhibitors and biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, that selectively modulate the immune response not only in cancer and autoimmunity but also in a number of other human pathologies. Likewise, more effective vaccines utilizing novel antigens and adjuvants are valuable tools for the prevention of transmissible infectious diseases and for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Consequently, immunopharmacology is presently considered as one of the expanding fields of pharmacology. Immunopharmacology addresses the selective regulation of immune responses and aims to uncover and exploit beneficial therapeutic options for typical and non-typical immune system-driven unmet clinical needs. While in the near future a number of new agents will be introduced, improving the effectiveness and safety of those currently in use is imperative for all researchers and clinicians working in the fields of immunology, pharmacology and drug discovery. The newly formed ImmuPhar (http://iuphar.us/index.php/sections-subcoms/immunopharmacology) is the Immunopharmacology Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR, http://iuphar.us/). ImmuPhar provides a unique international expert-lead platform that aims to dissect and promote the growing understanding of immune (patho)physiology. Moreover, it challenges the identification and validation of drug targets and lead candidates for the treatment of many forms of debilitating disorders, including, among others, cancer, allergies, autoimmune and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Tiligada
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of AthensAthens, Greece
- Allergy Unit ‘D. Kalogeromitros’, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, ‘Attikon’ General University Hospital, Medical School, University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | | | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
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D'Amato G, Holgate ST, Pawankar R, Ledford DK, Cecchi L, Al-Ahmad M, Al-Enezi F, Al-Muhsen S, Ansotegui I, Baena-Cagnani CE, Baker DJ, Bayram H, Bergmann KC, Boulet LP, Buters JTM, D'Amato M, Dorsano S, Douwes J, Finlay SE, Garrasi D, Gómez M, Haahtela T, Halwani R, Hassani Y, Mahboub B, Marks G, Michelozzi P, Montagni M, Nunes C, Oh JJW, Popov TA, Portnoy J, Ridolo E, Rosário N, Rottem M, Sánchez-Borges M, Sibanda E, Sienra-Monge JJ, Vitale C, Annesi-Maesano I. Meteorological conditions, climate change, new emerging factors, and asthma and related allergic disorders. A statement of the World Allergy Organization. World Allergy Organ J 2015; 8:25. [PMID: 26207160 PMCID: PMC4499913 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-015-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic airway diseases such as asthma and rhinitis has increased dramatically to epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides air pollution from industry derived emissions and motor vehicles, the rising trend can only be explained by gross changes in the environments where we live. The world economy has been transformed over the last 25 years with developing countries being at the core of these changes. Around the planet, in both developed and developing countries, environments are undergoing profound changes. Many of these changes are considered to have negative effects on respiratory health and to enhance the frequency and severity of respiratory diseases such as asthma in the general population. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, and especially carbon dioxide (CO2), in the atmosphere have already warmed the planet substantially, causing more severe and prolonged heat waves, variability in temperature, increased air pollution, forest fires, droughts, and floods – all of which can put the respiratory health of the public at risk. These changes in climate and air quality have a measurable impact not only on the morbidity but also the mortality of patients with asthma and other respiratory diseases. The massive increase in emissions of air pollutants due to economic and industrial growth in the last century has made air quality an environmental problem of the first order in a large number of regions of the world. A body of evidence suggests that major changes to our world are occurring and involve the atmosphere and its associated climate. These changes, including global warming induced by human activity, have an impact on the biosphere, biodiversity, and the human environment. Mitigating this huge health impact and reversing the effects of these changes are major challenges. This statement of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) raises the importance of this health hazard and highlights the facts on climate-related health impacts, including: deaths and acute morbidity due to heat waves and extreme meteorological events; increased frequency of acute cardio-respiratory events due to higher concentrations of ground level ozone; changes in the frequency of respiratory diseases due to trans-boundary particle pollution; altered spatial and temporal distribution of allergens (pollens, molds, and mites); and some infectious disease vectors. According to this report, these impacts will not only affect those with current asthma but also increase the incidence and prevalence of allergic respiratory conditions and of asthma. The effects of climate change on respiratory allergy are still not well defined, and more studies addressing this topic are needed. Global warming is expected to affect the start, duration, and intensity of the pollen season on the one hand, and the rate of asthma exacerbations due to air pollution, respiratory infections, and/or cold air inhalation, and other conditions on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro D'Amato
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Division of Pneumology and Allergology, High Specialty Hospital "A. Cardarelli" Napoli, Italy, University of Naples Medical School, Via Rione Sirignano, 10, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stephen T Holgate
- Southampton General Hospital, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dennis K Ledford
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Azienda Sanitaria di Prato, Italy
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Department of Allergy, Al-Rashid Center, Ministry of Health, Khobar, Kuwait
| | - Fatma Al-Enezi
- Al-Rashid Allergy and Respiratory Center, Khobar, Kuwait
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ignacio Ansotegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirón Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain
| | - Carlos E Baena-Cagnani
- Centre for Research in Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - David J Baker
- Emeritus Consultant Anaesthesiologist, SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Department of Chest Diseases, Respiratory Research Laboratory, Allergy Division, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Şehitkamil/Gaziantep, 27310 Turkey
| | | | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Jeroen T M Buters
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy and Environment, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria D'Amato
- University of Naples, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Dorsano
- World Allergy Organization, Milwaukee, Wisconsin United States
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Elise Finlay
- Consultant in Emergency Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Donata Garrasi
- Development Assistance Committee, Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France
| | | | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O.Box 2925, Postal Code 11461 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssouf Hassani
- Epidemiology of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Department, UMR-S, Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM Medical School Saint-Antoine, UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Basam Mahboub
- University of Sharjah, and, Rashid Hospital DHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guy Marks
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW, Australia and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Dipartimento Epidemiologia Regione Lazio, UOC Epidemiologia Ambientale, Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Montagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlos Nunes
- Center of Allergy of Algarve, Hospital Particular do Algarve, Particular do Algarve, Brasil
| | - Jay Jae-Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Todor A Popov
- Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University in Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jay Portnoy
- Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri USA
| | - Erminia Ridolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Nelson Rosário
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Rua Tte. João Gomes da Silva 226, 80810-100 Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Menachem Rottem
- Allergy Asthma and Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Elopy Sibanda
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Juan José Sienra-Monge
- Allergy and Immunology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, SSA, México City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Vitale
- University of Naples, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Department (EPAR), Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR-S 1136, INSERM, Paris, France ; UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Medical School Saint-Antoine, 803-804-806, 8 etage/Floor 27, Rue Chaligny, CEDEX 12, 75571 Paris, France
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Bucchieri F, Marino Gammazza A, Pitruzzella A, Fucarino A, Farina F, Howarth P, Holgate ST, Zummo G, Davies DE. Cigarette smoke causes caspase-independent apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic donors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120510. [PMID: 25793769 PMCID: PMC4368206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated important links between air pollution and asthma. Amongst these pollutants, environmental cigarette smoke is a risk factor both for asthma pathogenesis and exacerbation. As the barrier to the inhaled environment, the bronchial epithelium is a key structure that is exposed to cigarette smoke. OBJECTIVES Since primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) from asthmatic donors are more susceptible to oxidant-induced apoptosis, we hypothesized that they would be susceptible to cigarette smoke-induced cell death. METHODS PBECs from normal and asthmatic donors were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE); cell survival and apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and protective effects of antioxidants evaluated. The mechanism of cell death was evaluated using caspase inhibitors and immunofluorescent staining for apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). RESULTS Exposure of PBEC cultures to CSE resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell death. At 20% CSE, PBECs from asthmatic donors exhibited significantly more apoptosis than cells from non-asthmatic controls. Reduced glutathione (GSH), but not ascorbic acid (AA), protected against CSE-induced apoptosis. To investigate mechanisms of CSE-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 or -9 inhibitors were tested, but these failed to prevent apoptosis; in contrast, CSE promoted nuclear translocation of AIF from the mitochondria. GSH reduced the number of nuclear-AIF positive cells whereas AA was ineffective. CONCLUSION Our results show that PBECs from asthmatic donors are more susceptible to CSE-induced apoptosis. This response involves AIF, which has been implicated in DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell-death. Epithelial susceptibility to CSE may contribute to the impact of environmental tobacco smoke in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bucchieri
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pitruzzella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Howarth
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Holgate
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK Chair on behalf of Main Panel A of REF 2014
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Abdelmotelb AM, Rose-Zerilli MJ, Barton SJ, Holgate ST, Walls AF, Holloway JW. Alpha-tryptase gene variation is associated with levels of circulating IgE and lung function in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:822-30. [PMID: 24372627 PMCID: PMC4282335 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Tryptase, a major secretory product of human mast cells has been implicated as a key mediator of allergic inflammation. Genetic variation in the tryptases is extensive, and α-tryptase, an allelic variant of the more extensively studied β-tryptase, is absent in substantial numbers of the general population. The degree to which α-tryptase expression may be associated with asthma has not been studied. We have investigated the α-tryptase gene copy number variation and its potential associations with phenotypes of asthma. Objectives Caucasian families (n = 341) with at least two asthmatic siblings (n = 1350) were genotyped for the α-tryptase alleles, using high-resolution melting assays. Standards for the possible α-/β-tryptase ratios were constructed by cloning α-and β-tryptase PCR products to generate artificial templates. Association analysis of asthma affection status and related phenotypes [total and allergen-specific serum IgE, bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and atopy and asthma severity scores] was undertaken using family-based association tests (FBAT). Results Four consistent melting patterns for the α-tryptase genotype were identified with alleles carrying null, one or two copies of the α-tryptase allele. Possessing one copy of α-tryptase was significantly associated with lower serum levels of total and dust mite-specific IgE levels and higher FEV1 measurements, while two copies were related to higher serum concentrations of total and dust mite-specific IgE and greater atopy severity scores. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Associations of α-tryptase copy number with serum IgE levels, atopy scores and bronchial function may reflect roles for tryptases in regulating IgE production and other processes in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abdelmotelb
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abadie V, Abraham C, Adams DH, Agace WW, Alexander-Brett J, Alkhairy O, Ambite I, Anderson DJ, Artis D, Atmar RL, Aymeric L, Bachert C, Bakema JE, Baker K, Beagley KW, Befus A, Bemark M, Berin MC, Berings M, Berzofsky JA, Bilej M, Biswas N, Blumberg RS, Bienenstock J, Bogdanos D, Boirivant M, Boonnak K, Bracke KR, Brandtzaeg P, Braun J, Bringer MA, Broadbent AJ, Bronson R, Brusselle GG, Bulmer JN, Butler J, Cardenas PA, Cebra JJ, Cella M, Cerutti A, Challacombe SJ, Chattha K, Cheroutre H, Chiba T, Chorny A, Clements JD, Colonna M, Cookson WO, Corbeil LB, Corthésy B, Cripps AW, van Crombruggen K, Pires da Cunha A, Cunningham-Rundles S, Curtiss R, Darfeuille-Michaud A, de Jonge WJ, Deban L, Denning TL, Di Santo JP, Diefenbach A, DiRita VJ, Downey J, Du MQ, Edelblum KL, van Egmond M, Epple HJ, Fagarasan S, Fahey JV, Ferris MJ, Fichtner-Feigl S, Fidel PL, Flach M, Flavell R, Fleit HB, Franchini G, Freytag LC, Fuchs A, Fujihashi K, Fuss IJ, Gagliani N, Garcia MR, Garrett WS, Gershwin ME, Gevaert P, Gleeson M, Godaly G, Goldblum RM, Gour N, Gursel M, Hajishengallis G, Hammad H, Hammarström L, Hänninen A, Hanson LÅ, Hayday A, Herzog R, Hodgins DC, Holgate ST, Holmgren J, Holtzman MJ, Hook EW, Huber S, Hurwitz JL, Ivanyi J, Iwasaki A, Jabri B, Jackson S, Jacobs J, Jalkanen S, Janoff EN, Jerse AE, Jeyanathan M, Julian BA, Kacskovics I, Kaetzel CS, Kaushic C, Kelsall BL, Kessans S, Kesselring R, Kilian M, Kiyono H, Klinman DM, Korotkova M, Kronenberg M, Krysko O, Kurono Y, Kverka M, Lambrecht BN, Lamm ME, Lantz O, Lash GE, Lavelle E, Lefrancois L, Leung PS, Levine MM, Lim DJ, Lippolis J, Louis NA, Luster AD, Lutay N, Lycke N, Macpherson AJ, Mantis NJ, Marcotte H, Martin DH, Mason HS, Massa HM, Matoba N, Mayer L, Maynard CL, McElrath MJ, McEntee C, McGhee JR, McGuckin MA, Mestecky J, Mikhak Z, Miller RD, Moldoveanu Z, Montgomery PC, Mor T, Neurath MF, Neyt K, Nicholson LK, Novak J, Nowicki S, O’Hagan D, O’Sullivan NL, Ogra P, Orihuela C, Ouellette AJ, Owen RL, Pabst O, Parkos CA, Parreño V, Patel MV, Perez-Novo C, Perkins DJ, Prussin C, Pudney J, Raghavan S, Rainard P, Ramani S, Randall TD, Raska M, Renukaradhya GJ, Rescigno M, Rosenthal KL, Rothenberg ME, Ruemmele FM, Russell MW, Saif LJ, Salinas I, Salmi M, Salmon H, Sampson HA, Sansonetti P, Schneider T, Serafini N, Sharma D, Shen Z, Shi HN, Shirlaw PJ, Shivhare SB, Smith PD, Smith PM, Smith DJ, Smythies LE, Spencer J, Strober W, Subbarao K, Svanborg C, Svennerholm AM, Taubman MA, Telemo E, Thornhill MH, Thornton DJ, Thuenemann E, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Tristram D, Trivedi P, Tuomanen E, Turanek J, Turner JR, Underdown BJ, van Helden MJ, Veazey RS, Verdu EF, Vlasova A, Vliagoftis H, Vogel SN, Walker WA, Wang X, Watanabe T, Weaver CT, Weiner HL, Wells JM, Wen T, Whittum-Hudson J, Whitsett JA, Williams IR, Wills-Karp M, Wira CR, Woof JM, Wotherspoon AC, Xing Z, Xu H, Zaph C, Zeissig S, Zeitz M. Contributors. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.01002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Asthma is the most common inflammatory disease of the lungs. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in many parts of the world that have adopted aspects of the Western lifestyle, and the disease poses a substantial global health and economic burden. Asthma involves both the large-conducting and the small-conducting airways, and is characterized by a combination of inflammation and structural remodelling that might begin in utero. Disease progression occurs in the context of a developmental background in which the postnatal acquisition of asthma is strongly linked with allergic sensitization. Most asthma cases follow a variable course, involving viral-induced wheezing and allergen sensitization, that is associated with various underlying mechanisms (or endotypes) that can differ between individuals. Each set of endotypes, in turn, produces specific asthma characteristics that evolve across the lifecourse of the patient. Strong genetic and environmental drivers of asthma interconnect through novel epigenetic mechanisms that operate prenatally and throughout childhood. Asthma can spontaneously remit or begin de novo in adulthood, and the factors that lead to the emergence and regression of asthma, irrespective of age, are poorly understood. Nonetheless, there is mounting evidence that supports a primary role for structural changes in the airways with asthma acquisition, on which altered innate immune mechanisms and microbiota interactions are superimposed. On the basis of the identification of new causative pathways, the subphenotyping of asthma across the lifecourse of patients is paving the way for more-personalized and precise pathway-specific approaches for the prevention and treatment of asthma, creating the real possibility of total prevention and cure for this chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Mail Point 810, Level F, Sir Henry Wellcome Building, ,grid.123047.30000000103590315Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sally Wenzel
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Subsection Chief of Allergy, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Asthma Institute at UPMC/UPSOM, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Harald Renz
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter D. Sly
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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