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Xuefei Y, Dongyan L, Tianming L, Hejuan Z, Jianhua F. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine affects mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating Parkin-dependent mitophagy in hyperoxia-injured alveolar type II cells injury. Respir Res 2023; 24:16. [PMID: 36647045 PMCID: PMC9841680 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has been proved to be a sensor of cell state, but its relationship with hyperoxia-induced alveolar type 2 epithelial cells injure and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated if these effects ultimately led to functional damage in hyperoxia-induced alveolar cells. METHODS We treated RLE-6TN cells at 85% hyperoxia for 0, 24 and 48 h with Thiamet G (TG), an OGA inhibitor; OSMI-1 (OS), an OGT inhibitor; or with UDP-GlcNAc, which is involved in synthesis of O-GlcNAc as a donor. The metabolic rerouting, cell viability and apoptosis resulting from the changes in O-GlcNAc glycosyltransferase levels were evaluated in RLE-6TN cells after hyperoxia exposure. We constructed rat Park2 overexpression and knockdown plasmmids for in vitro verification and Co-immunoprecipitation corroborated the binding of Parkin and O-GlcNAc. Finally, we assessed morphological detection in neonatal BPD rats with TG and OS treatment. RESULTS We found a decrease in O-GlcNAc content and levels of its metabolic enzymes in RLE-6TN cells under hyperoxia. However, the inhibition of OGT function with OSMI-1 ameliorated hyperoxia-induced lung epithelial cell injury, enhanced cell metabolism and viability, reduced apoptosis, and accelerated the cell proliferation. Mitochondrial homeostasis was affected by O-GlcNAc and regulated Parkin. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the decreased O-GlcNAc levels and increased O-GlcNAcylation of Parkin might cause hyperoxia-induced alveolar type II cells injurys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xuefei
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Dongyan
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Li Tianming
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning China
| | - Zheng Hejuan
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Jianhua
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 People’s Republic of China
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SIRT3 improves alveolar epithelial cell damage caused by bronchopulmonary dysplasia through deacetylation of FOXO1. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:191-204. [PMID: 36916106 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i2.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious and long-term lung condition commonly observed in premature babies. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has been reported to reduce pulmonary injury and pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the specific role of SIRT3 in BPD by establishing hyperoxia-induced BPD rat and cell models. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in lung tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of SIRT3 and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), as well as its acetylation levels, were detected in hyperoxia-induced lung tissues and cells by Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were assessed by using biochemical kits. Following SIRT3 overexpression, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nickend labeling (TUNEL) and Western blot analysis. Upon FOXO1 knockout, cell inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated again. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the SIRT3 and FOXO1 expression levels were decreased and the FOXO1 acetylation levels were increased in hyperoxia-induced lung tissues and cells. In addition, SIRT3 reduced hyperoxia-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in A549 cells, and inhibited FOXO1 acetylation to activate FOXO1. However, FOXO1 knockdown reversed the effects of SIRT3 overexpression in hyperoxia-induced A549 cells. CONCLUSION SIRT3 relieved alveolar epithelial cell damage caused by BPD via deacetylation of FOXO1, suggesting that SIRT3 could be a therapeutic target in BPD.
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Riccetti MR, Ushakumary MG, Waltamath M, Green J, Snowball J, Dautel SE, Endale M, Lami B, Woods J, Ahlfeld SK, Perl AKT. Maladaptive functional changes in alveolar fibroblasts due to perinatal hyperoxia impair epithelial differentiation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e152404. [PMID: 35113810 PMCID: PMC8983125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born prematurely worldwide have up to a 50% chance of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a clinical morbidity characterized by dysregulated lung alveolarization and microvascular development. It is known that PDGFR alpha-positive (PDGFRA+) fibroblasts are critical for alveolarization and that PDGFRA+ fibroblasts are reduced in BPD. A better understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity and functional activation status during pathogenesis is required to develop mesenchymal population-targeted therapies for BPD. In this study, we utilized a neonatal hyperoxia mouse model (90% O2 postnatal days 0-7, PN0-PN7) and performed studies on sorted PDGFRA+ cells during injury and room air recovery. After hyperoxia injury, PDGFRA+ matrix and myofibroblasts decreased and PDGFRA+ lipofibroblasts increased by transcriptional signature and population size. PDGFRA+ matrix and myofibroblasts recovered during repair (PN10). After 7 days of in vivo hyperoxia, PDGFRA+ sorted fibroblasts had reduced contractility in vitro, reflecting loss of myofibroblast commitment. Organoids made with PN7 PDGFRA+ fibroblasts from hyperoxia in mice exhibited reduced alveolar type 1 cell differentiation, suggesting reduced alveolar niche-supporting PDGFRA+ matrix fibroblast function. Pathway analysis predicted reduced WNT signaling in hyperoxia fibroblasts. In alveolar organoids from hyperoxia-exposed fibroblasts, WNT activation by CHIR increased the size and number of alveolar organoids and enhanced alveolar type 2 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Marion Waltamath
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Jenna Green
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - John Snowball
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Sydney E. Dautel
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Mehari Endale
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Bonny Lami
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Jason Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine & Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shawn K. Ahlfeld
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Garcia D, Carr JF, Chan F, Peterson AL, Ellis KA, Scaffa A, Ghio AJ, Yao H, Dennery PA. Short exposure to hyperoxia causes cultured lung epithelial cell mitochondrial dysregulation and alveolar simplification in mice. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:58-65. [PMID: 33144707 PMCID: PMC8089115 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations in premature infants, although lifesaving, can induce lung oxidative stress and increase the risk of developing BPD, a form of chronic lung disease. The lung alveolar epithelium is damaged by sustained hyperoxia, causing oxidative stress and alveolar simplification; however, it is unclear what duration of exposure to hyperoxia negatively impacts cellular function. METHODS Here we investigated the role of a very short exposure to hyperoxia (95% O2, 5% CO2) on mitochondrial function in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells and neonatal mice. RESULTS In epithelial cells, 4 h of hyperoxia reduced oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory complex I and IV activity, utilization of mitochondrial metabolites, and caused mitochondria to form elongated tubular networks. Cells allowed to recover in air for 24 h exhibited a persistent global reduction in fuel utilization. In addition, neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia for only 12 h demonstrated alveolar simplification at postnatal day 14. CONCLUSION A short exposure to hyperoxia leads to changes in lung cell mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics and has a long-term impact on alveolarization. These findings may help inform our understanding and treatment of chronic lung disease. IMPACT Many studies use long exposures (up to 14 days) to hyperoxia to mimic neonatal chronic lung disease. We show that even a very short exposure to hyperoxia leads to long-term cellular injury in type II-like epithelial cells. This study demonstrates that a short (4 h) period of hyperoxia has long-term residual effects on cellular metabolism. We show that neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia for a short time (12 h) demonstrate later alveolar simplification. This work suggests that any exposure to clinical hyperoxia leads to persistent lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer F. Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kimberlyn A. Ellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alejandro Scaffa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew J. Ghio
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island,Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.,Corresponding author information: Phyllis A. Dennery; Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903; ; (401) 444-5648
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Aoyama BC, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Predictors of pulmonary function at 6 years of age in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:974-981. [PMID: 33587822 PMCID: PMC8035215 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of premature birth and the most common cause of chronic lung disease in infancy. Previous studies have shown that children with a history of BPD have impaired lung function in childhood compared to their term counterparts. However, little is known about potential modifiable factors that alter lung function trajectories and subsequent respiratory morbidity in this population. OBJECTIVES To identify potential modifiable risk factors for the development of impaired lung function in patients with a history of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. METHODS Growth parameters (birth, 2 years old, 6 years old) and pulmonary function testing (6 years old) were retrospectively reviewed for subjects (n = 598) recruited from an outpatient BPD clinic who were born ≤36 weeks gestation and were ≥5 years of age. RESULTS Of the 598 recruited subjects, 88 (14.7%) performed adequate pulmonary function testing at approximately 6 years of age. The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s global lung initiative (GLI) Z-score was -1.31 with lower values associated with Nissen fundoplication. The mean forced vital capacity GLI Z-score was -0.72 with lower values associated with higher amounts of oxygen required at time of initial hospital discharge and Nissen fundoplication. CONCLUSION Our study found that children with BPD have lower predicted lung function values. Although growth parameters at age 2 and 6 years did not correlate with lung function values at 6 years of age; use and greater requirement for supplemental oxygen and the presence of a Nissen fundoplication at discharge were associated with lower lung function. Prospective studies should focus on identifying modifiable risk factors that could minimize the impact of BPD on later lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Aoyama
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kumar VHS, Wang H, Nielsen L. Short-term perinatal oxygen exposure may impair lung development in adult mice. Biol Res 2020; 53:51. [PMID: 33168088 PMCID: PMC7654066 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoxia at resuscitation increases oxidative stress, and even brief exposure to high oxygen concentrations during stabilization may trigger organ injury with adverse long-term outcomes in premature infants. We studied the long-term effects of short-term perinatal oxygen exposure on cell cycle gene expression and lung growth in adult mice. METHODS We randomized mice litters at birth to 21, 40, or 100%O2 for 30 min and recovered in room air for 4 or 12 weeks. Cell cycle gene expression, protein analysis, and lung morphometry were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS The principal component analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation for cell cycle gene expression among the three oxygen groups. Lung elastin was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 4 weeks. On lung morphometry, radial alveolar count, alveolar number, and septal count were similar. However, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and septal length significantly correlated among the oxygen groups. The MLI was markedly higher in the 100%O2 groups at 4 and 12 weeks of age, and the septal length was significantly lower in the 100%O2 groups at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations lead to subtle changes in lung development that may affect alveolarization. The changes are related explicitly to secondary crest formation that may result in alteration in lung elastin. Resuscitation with high oxygen concentrations may have a significant impact on lung development and long-term outcomes such as BPD in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha H S Kumar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University At Buffalo, 1001 fifth Floor Main Street Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Huamei Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University At Buffalo, 1001 fifth Floor Main Street Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Lori Nielsen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University At Buffalo, 1001 fifth Floor Main Street Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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Tamatam CM, Reddy NM, Potteti HR, Ankireddy A, Noone PM, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW, Reddy SP. Preconditioning the immature lung with enhanced Nrf2 activity protects against oxidant-induced hypoalveolarization in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19034. [PMID: 33149211 PMCID: PMC7642393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic disease of preterm babies with poor clinical outcomes. Nrf2 transcription factor is crucial for cytoprotective response, whereas Keap1—an endogenous inhibitor of Nrf2 signaling—dampens these protective responses. Nrf2-sufficient (wild type) newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia develop hypoalveolarization, which phenocopies human BPD, and Nrf2 deficiency worsens it. In this study, we used PND1 pups bearing bearing hypomorphic Keap1 floxed alleles (Keap1f/f) with increased levels of Nrf2 to test the hypothesis that constitutive levels of Nrf2 in the premature lung are insufficient to mitigate hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization. Both wildtype and Keap1f/f pups at PND1 were exposed to hyperoxia for 72 h and then allowed to recover at room air for two weeks (at PND18), sacrificed, and lung hypoalveolarization and inflammation assessed. Hyperoxia-induced lung hypoalveolarization was remarkably lower in Keap1f/f pups than in wildtype counterparts (28.9% vs 2.4%, wildtype vs Keap1f/f). Likewise, Keap1f/f pups were protected against prolonged (96 h) hyperoxia-induced hypoalveolarization. However, there were no differences in hyperoxia-induced lung inflammatory response immediately after exposure or at PND18. Lack of hypoalveolarization in Keap1f/f pups was accompanied by increased levels of expression of antioxidant genes and GSH as assessed immediately following hyperoxia. Keap1 knockdown resulted in upregulation of lung cell proliferation postnatally but had opposing effects following hyperoxia. Collectively, our study demonstrates that augmenting endogenous Nrf2 activation by targeting Keap1 may provide a physiological way to prevent hypoalveolarization associated with prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra M Tamatam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Narsa M Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Haranatha R Potteti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aparna Ankireddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Patrick M Noone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sekhar P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Yu X, Sun Y, Cai Q, Zhao X, Liu Z, Xue X, Fu J. Hyperoxia exposure arrests alveolarization in neonatal rats via PTEN‑induced putative kinase 1‑Parkin and Nip3‑like protein X‑mediated mitophagy disorders. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2126-2136. [PMID: 33125104 PMCID: PMC7595656 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease, is one of the most common respiratory diseases in premature new‑born humans. Mitochondria are not only the main source of reactive oxygen species but are also critical for the maintenance of homeostasis and a wide range of biological activities, such as producing energy, buffering cytosolic calcium and regulating signal transduction. However, as a critical quality control method for mitochondria, little is known about the role of mitophagy in BPD. The present study assessed mitochondrial function in hyperoxia‑exposed alveolar type II (AT‑II) cells of rats during lung development. New‑born Sprague‑Dawley rats were divided into hyperoxia (85% oxygen) and control (21% oxygen) groups. Histopathological and morphological properties of the lung tissues were assessed at postnatal days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Ultrastructural mitochondrial alteration was observed using transmission electron microscopy and the expression of the mitophagy proteins putative kinase (PINK)1, Parkin and Nip3‑like protein X (NIX) in the lung tissues was evaluated using western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the co‑localisation of PINK1 and Parkin. Real‑time analyses of extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were performed using primary AT‑II cells to evaluate metabolic changes. Mitochondria in hyperoxia‑exposed rat AT‑II cells began to show abnormal morphological and physiological features. These changes were accompanied by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased expression levels of PINK1‑Parkin and NIX. Increased binding between a mitochondria marker (cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV isoform I) and an autophagy marker (microtubule‑associated protein‑1 light chain‑3B) was observed in primary AT‑II cells and was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial metabolic capacity in model rats. Thus, mitophagy mediated by PINK1, Parkin and NIX in AT‑II cells occurred in hyperoxia‑exposed new‑born rats. These findings suggested that the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of BPD and result in attenuated alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Hyperoxic Exposure Caused Lung Lipid Compositional Changes in Neonatal Mice. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090340. [PMID: 32825609 PMCID: PMC7569933 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments with supplemental oxygen in premature infants can impair lung development, leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although a stage-specific alteration of lung lipidome occurs during postnatal lung development, whether neonatal hyperoxia, a known mediator of BPD in rodent models, changes lipid profiles in mouse lungs is still to be elucidated. To answer this question, newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia for 3 days and allowed to recover in normoxia until postnatal day (pnd) 7 and pnd14, time-points spanning the peak stage of alveologenesis. A total of 2263 lung lipid species were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, covering 5 lipid categories and 18 lipid subclasses. The most commonly identified lipid species were glycerophospholipids, followed by sphingolipids and glycerolipids. In normoxic conditions, certain glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid species augmented at pnd14 compared to pnd7. At pnd7, hyperoxia generally increased glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid, and glycerolipid species. Hyperoxia increased NADPH, acetyl CoA, and citrate acid but reduced carnitine and acyl carnitine. Hyperoxia increased oxidized glutathione but reduced catalase. These changes were not apparent at pnd14. Hyperoxia reduced docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid at pnd14 but not at pnd7. Altogether, the lung lipidome changes throughout alveolarization. Neonatal hyperoxia alters the lung lipidome, which may contribute to alveolar simplification and dysregulated vascular development.
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Chu XY, Cai C, Zhang XY, Zhou HL, Sun JF, Weng BW. [Effect of hyperoxic exposure on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit in lung tissue of preterm rats]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:594-600. [PMID: 31208516 PMCID: PMC7389583 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of hyperoxic exposure on the dynamic expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) in the lung tissue of preterm neonatal rats. METHODS Cesarean section was performed for rats on day 21 of gestation to obtain 80 preterm rats, which were randomly divided into air group and hyperoxia group after one day of feeding. The rats in the air group were housed in room air under atmospheric pressure, and those in the hyperoxia group were placed in an atmospheric oxygen tank (oxygen concentration 85%-95%) in the same room. Eight rats each were selected from each group on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14, and lung tissue samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue at different time points after air or hyperoxic exposure. Western blot and RT-qPCR were used to measure the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1 and GCLC in the lung tissue of preterm rats at different time points after air or hyperoxic exposure. RESULTS Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had a significant reduction in the body weight (P<0.05). Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had structural disorder, widening of alveolar septa, a reduction in the number of alveoli, and simplification of the alveoli on the pathological section of lung tissue. Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had significantly lower relative mRNA expression of HO-1 in the lung tissue on day 7 and significantly higher expression on days 10 and 14 (P<0.05). Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had significantly lower mRNA expression of GCLC in the lung tissue on days 1, 4, and 7 and significantly higher expression on day 10 (P<0.05). Compared with the air group, the hyperoxia group had significantly higher protein expression of HO-1 in the lung tissue on all days, and the protein expression of GCLC had same results as HO-1, except on day 1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hyperoxia exposure may lead to growth retardation and lung developmental retardation in preterm rats. Changes in the protein and mRNA expression of HO-1 and GCLC in the lung tissue of preterm rats may be associated with the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Liu D, Wang Y, Li L, Zhao H, Li L, Liu Y, Jiang H, Li X, Zhang R. Celecoxib Protects Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury via NF-κB and AQP1. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:228. [PMID: 31231624 PMCID: PMC6568051 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is an increasing incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP) in preterm infants in China, which is the key issue affecting their survival rate and life quality. This study was performed to better understand the mechanism of protective effect of celecoxib on hyperoxia induced injury. Methods: Hyperoxia BPD model was established using newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to high O2 level (85%). Celecoxib treatment was also conducted. Histology of lung tissue samples were analyzed. Functional studies were systematically performed using the lung tissues and A549 cells. Results: Hyperoxia disrupted lung development in SD rats. Celecoxib alleviated the damaged lung development. NF-κB and Aquaporin (AQP) 1 were identified as the pathways in the hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We have shown that hyperoxia activated NF-κB pathway through increased nucleus translocation and repressed AQP1 expression. On the contrary, celecoxib inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and nucleus translocation and increased AQP1 expression through inhibiting COX2 activity. Additionally, celecoxib also rescued apoptosis induced by hyperoxia. Conclusion: Our study identified NF-κB and AQP1 as the pathways in the hyperoxia-induced lung injury in the hyperoxia BPD model SD rats and it provided a better understanding of the protective effect of celecoxib. It suggests NF-κB and AQP1 may be as potential targets for treating newborns with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Liu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Pediatric Department, Liaocheng City People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lili Li
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of QingDao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in neonatal rats receiving hyperoxia therapy. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1086-1096. [PMID: 29976401 PMCID: PMC9303020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia is often used in the treatment of neonates. However, protracted use of hyper-oxia leads to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin B-6 supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in neonatal rats undergoing hyperoxia therapy. The study consisted of 2 parts: a survival study and a vitamin B-6 efficacy study for 16 days. Neonatal rats were randomly divided into either the control group, B-6 group (subcutaneously injected with 90 mg/kg/d of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate [PLP]), O2 group (treated with 85% oxygen), or O2 + B-6 group (simultaneously treated with 85% oxygen and 90 mg/kg/d PLP). After the survival study was done, the vitamin B-6 efficacy study was performed with duplicate neonatal rats sacrificed on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 16th day. Serum inflammatory cytokines, tissue pathology, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. In the survival study, the survival rate of neonatal rats in the control, B-6, O2, and O2 + B-6 group on the 16th day were 100%, 100%, 25%, and 62.50%, respectively. The efficacy study showed lung polymorphonuclear granulocyte (PMN) and macrophage infiltration, increased liver hemopoiesis, and higher MDA levels in liver homogenates at days 3 through 16 in the O2 group. Vitamin B-6 supplementation considerably increased serum inflammatory cytokines in either the 6th or 9th day and decreased liver MDA level before the 6th day. These results indicate that neonatal rats receiving hyperoxia treatment suffered divergent serum inflammatory responses and were in increased liver oxidative stress. Vitamin B-6 supplementation seemed to improve survival rates, change systemic inflammatory response, and decrease liver oxidative stress while neonatal rats were under hyperoxia treatment.
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13
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Tian YG, Zhang J. Protective effect of SIRT3 on acute lung injury by increasing manganese superoxide dismutase-mediated antioxidation. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5557-5565. [PMID: 29363727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia results in acute lung injury (ALI). Pulmonary damage caused by oxygen toxicity occurs due to the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent formation of more potent oxidants. The present study demonstrated that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) may attenuate hyperoxia‑induced ALI due to its potential antioxidative effect. In the present study, a hyperoxia‑induced acute lung injury mouse model, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, retroviral mediated gene over‑expression and knockdown assays revealed that the expression of SIRT3 in the lung tissue of mice with hyperoxia‑induced ALI was decreased and overexpression of SIRT3 may significantly reduce hyperoxia‑induced ALI, as reflected by decreases in protein concentration, infiltrated neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and wet/dry ratio of lung tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of SIRT3 increased the protein levels and enzymatic activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and inhibited oxidative stress in the lungs of ALI mice. Additionally, the current study demonstrated that SIRT3 promoted the expression of MnSOD, and this regulation was crucial for the protective effect of SIRT3 on hyperoxia‑induced ALI. In summary, the results of the current study indicated that SIRT3 overexpression may effectively ameliorate hyperoxia‑induced ALI in mice, which indicates a potential application for SIRT3‑based gene therapy to treat clinical adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gang Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257034, P.R. China
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14
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Shafa M, Ionescu LI, Vadivel A, Collins JJP, Xu L, Zhong S, Kang M, de Caen G, Daneshmand M, Shi J, Fu KZ, Qi A, Wang Y, Ellis J, Stanford WL, Thébaud B. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitor and alveolar epithelial cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:108-125. [PMID: 29056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease characterized by disrupted lung growth, is the most common complication in extreme premature infants. BPD leads to persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), a subset of which represent distal lung progenitor cells (LPCs), promote normal lung growth and repair. AEC2 depletion may contribute to persistent lung injury in BPD. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AECs prevent lung damage in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. METHODS Mouse AECs (mAECs), miPSCs/mouse embryonic stem sells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs), human (h)iPSCs, hiPSC-derived LPCs and hiPSC-derived AECs were delivered intratracheally to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Cells were pre-labeled with a red fluorescent dye for in vivo tracking. RESULTS Airway delivery of primary mAECs and undifferentiated murine pluripotent cells prevented hyperoxia-induced impairment in lung function and alveolar growth in neonatal mice. Similar to hUCMSC therapy, undifferentiated hiPSCs also preserved lung function and alveolar growth in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal NOD/SCID mice. Long-term assessment of hiPSC administration revealed local teratoma formation and cellular infiltration in various organs. To develop a clinically relevant cell therapy, we used a highly efficient method to differentiate hiPSCs into a homogenous population of AEC2s. Airway delivery of hiPSC-derived AEC2s and hiPSC-derived LPCs, improved lung function and structure and resulted in long-term engraftment without evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS hiPSC-derived AEC2 therapy appears effective and safe in this model and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic option for BPD and other lung diseases characterized by AEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève de Caen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Qi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
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15
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Firsova AB, Bird AD, Abebe D, Ng J, Mollard R, Cole TJ. Fresh Noncultured Endothelial Progenitor Cells Improve Neonatal Lung Hyperoxia-Induced Alveolar Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2094-2105. [PMID: 29027762 PMCID: PMC5702522 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of preterm human infants with high oxygen can result in disrupted lung alveolar and vascular development. Local or systemic administration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is reported to remedy such disruption in animal models. In this study, the effects of both fresh (enriched for KDR) and cultured bone marrow (BM)-derived cell populations with EPC characteristics were examined following hyperoxia in neonatal mouse lungs. Intraperitoneal injection of fresh EPCs into five-day-old mice treated with 90% oxygen resulted in full recovery of hyperoxia-induced alveolar disruption by 56 days of age. Partial recovery in septal number following hyperoxia was observed following injection of short-term cultured EPCs, yet aberrant tissue growths appeared following injection of long-term cultured cells. Fresh and long-term cultured cells had no impact on blood vessel development. Short-term cultured cells increased blood vessel number in normoxic and hyperoxic mice by 28 days but had no impact on day 56. Injection of fresh EPCs into normoxic mice significantly reduced alveolarization compared with phosphate buffered saline-injected normoxic controls. These results indicate that fresh BM EPCs have a higher and safer corrective profile in a hyperoxia-induced lung injury model compared with cultured BM EPCs but may be detrimental to the normoxic lung. The appearance of aberrant tissue growths and other side effects following injection of cultured EPCs warrants further investigation. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:2094-2105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Firsova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Daniel Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Degu Abebe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Mollard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Lu HY, Chen XQ, Tang W, Wang QX, Zhang J. GRP78 silencing enhances hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis via CHOP pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1493-1501. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Forred BJ, Daugaard DR, Titus BK, Wood RR, Floen MJ, Booze ML, Vitiello PF. Detoxification of Mitochondrial Oxidants and Apoptotic Signaling Are Facilitated by Thioredoxin-2 and Peroxiredoxin-3 during Hyperoxic Injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168777. [PMID: 28045936 PMCID: PMC5207683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a fundamental role in the regulation of cell death during accumulation of oxidants. High concentrations of atmospheric oxygen (hyperoxia), used clinically to treat tissue hypoxia in premature newborns, is known to elicit oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury to pulmonary epithelial cells. A consequence of oxidative stress in mitochondria is the accumulation of peroxides which are detoxified by the dedicated mitochondrial thioredoxin system. This system is comprised of the oxidoreductase activities of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3), thioredoxin-2 (Trx2), and thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2). The goal of this study was to understand the role of the mitochondrial thioredoxin system and mitochondrial injuries during hyperoxic exposure. Flow analysis of the redox-sensitive, mitochondrial-specific fluorophore, MitoSOX, indicated increased levels of mitochondrial oxidant formation in human adenocarcinoma cells cultured in 95% oxygen. Increased expression of Trx2 and TrxR2 in response to hyperoxia were not attributable to changes in mitochondrial mass, suggesting that hyperoxic upregulation of mitochondrial thioredoxins prevents accumulation of oxidized Prx3. Mitochondrial oxidoreductase activities were modulated through pharmacological inhibition of TrxR2 with auranofin and genetically through shRNA knockdown of Trx2 and Prx3. Diminished Trx2 and Prx3 expression was associated with accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide; however, only shRNA knockdown of Trx2 increased susceptibility to hyperoxic cell death and increased phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1). In conclusion, the mitochondrial thioredoxin system regulates hyperoxic-mediated death of pulmonary epithelial cells through detoxification of oxidants and regulation of redox-dependent apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Forred
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Darwin R. Daugaard
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Brianna K. Titus
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ryan R. Wood
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Miranda J. Floen
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Booze
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Peter F. Vitiello
- Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
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18
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Kose M, Bastug O, Sonmez MF, Per S, Ozdemir A, Kaymak E, Yahşi H, Ozturk MA. Protective effect of vitamin D against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:69-76. [PMID: 27291304 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants have risks of developing vitamin D deficiency. Thus we aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats. METHODS Full term rat pups were included in the study 12-24 hr after delivery. The pups were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: normoxia control group (NC), normoxia plus vitamin D group (ND1, 1 ng/gr/day vitamin D), normoxia plus vitamin D group (ND2, 3 ng/gr/day vitamin D), normoxia plus vitamin D group (ND3, 5 ng/gr/day vitamin D), hyperoxia control group (HC), hyperoxia plus vitamin D group (HD1, 1 ng/gr/day vitamin D), hyperoxia plus Vitamin D group (HD2, 3 ng/gr/day vitamin D), hyperoxia plus vitamin D group (HD3, 5 ng/gr/day vitamin D). The histopathological effects of vitamin D were assessed by alveolar surface area (with mean linear intercept (MLI) method), apoptosis index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index. RESULTS MLI values were significantly lower among three groups (HD1: 83.93 ± 1.95 μm, HD2: 81.76 ± 1.68 μm, and HD3: 82.33 ± 1.87 μm) when compared with HC group (92.98 ± 2.09 μm) (P = 0.001, P = 0.0004, P = 0.002, respectively). Apoptotic cell index were significantly lower among three treatment groups (HD1: 1.455 ± 0.153, HD2: 0.575 ± 0.079, and HD3: 0.700 ± 0.105) when compared with HC group (2.500 ± 0.263) (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Although PCNA positive cell index did not change in HD1 group (0.132 ± 0.008) (P > 0.05), there were significant increases in HD2 (0.277 ± 0.026) and HD3 (0.266 ± 0.018) group when compared with HC group (0.142 ± 0.010) (HD2 P = 0.001, HD3 P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D seems to protect hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:69-76. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kose
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Bastug
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Sedat Per
- Department of Biology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozdemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Department of Histology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hande Yahşi
- Department of Histology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Adnan Ozturk
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Mohamed I, Elremaly W, Rouleau T, Lavoie JC. Oxygen and parenteral nutrition two main oxidants for extremely preterm infants: 'It all adds up'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2016; 8:189-97. [PMID: 26485550 DOI: 10.3233/npm-15814091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of early exposure to O2 and parenteral nutrition (PN) on oxidative stress at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) and on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational study including 116 infants <29 weeks of gestation. Baseline clinical characteristics, FiO2 on day 7, duration of PN and clinical outcomes data were collected. In 39 infants, whole blood glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) at 36 weeks PMA were measured and the redox potential was calculated using Nernst equation. Student's t-test, Chi-square, Spearman correlation, ANOVA, and logistic regression analyses were used as appropriate. P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS FiO2 ≥25% was associated with higher level of GSSG (0.29 ± 0.04 versus 0.18 ± 0.02 nmol/mg of protein), a more oxidized redox potential (-191 ± 2 versus -198 ± 2 mV) and more BPD (90% versus 45%). PN duration >14 days was also associated with higher level of GSSG (0.26 ± 0.03 versus 0.13 ± 0.02 nmol/mg of protein), a more oxidized redox potential (-193 ± 5 versus -203 ± 2 mV) and more BPD (89% versus 24%). In logistic regression model, each 1% increase in FiO2 and each day increase in PN duration resulted in an increase in the OR for BPD by 1.57 (1.09 -2.28) and 1.17 (1.03 -1.33) respectively. CONCLUSION Early O2 supplement and PN have additive effects that were associated with prolonged oxidative stress and increased risk of BPD. Strategies targeting judicious use of O2 and decreasing the duration or developing a safer formulation of PN can be targeted to decrease BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - W Elremaly
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Rouleau
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J-C Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics-Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Bouch S, Harding R, O’Reilly M, Wood LG, Sozo F. Impact of Dietary Tomato Juice on Changes in Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Structure Induced by Neonatal Hyperoxia in Mice (Mus musculus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159633. [PMID: 27438045 PMCID: PMC4954692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many preterm infants require hyperoxic gas for survival, although it can contribute to lung injury. Experimentally, neonatal hyperoxia leads to persistent alterations in lung structure and increases leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These effects of hyperoxia on the lungs are considered to be caused, at least in part, by increased oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine if dietary supplementation with a known source of antioxidants (tomato juice, TJ) could protect the developing lung from injury caused by breathing hyperoxic gas. Neonatal mice (C57BL6/J) breathed either 65% O2 (hyperoxia) or room air from birth until postnatal day 7 (P7d); some underwent necropsy at P7d and others were raised in room air until adulthood (P56d). In subsets of both groups, drinking water was replaced with TJ (diluted 50:50 in water) from late gestation to necropsy. At P7d and P56d, we analyzed total antioxidant capacity (TAC), markers of oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine and heme oxygenase-1 expression), inflammation (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression), collagen (COL) and smooth muscle in the lungs; we also assessed lung structure. We quantified macrophages in lung tissue (at P7d) and leukocytes in BALF (at P56d). At P7d, TJ increased pulmonary TAC and COL1α1 expression and attenuated the hyperoxia-induced increase in nitrotyrosine and macrophage influx; however, changes in lung structure were not affected. At P56d, TJ increased TAC, decreased oxidative stress and reversed the hyperoxia-induced increase in bronchiolar smooth muscle. Additionally, TJ alone decreased IL-1β expression, but following hyperoxia TJ increased TNF-α expression and did not alter the hyperoxia-induced increase in leukocyte number. We conclude that TJ supplementation during and after neonatal exposure to hyperoxia protects the lung from some but not all aspects of hyperoxia-induced injury, but may also have adverse side-effects. The effects of TJ are likely due to elevation of circulating antioxidant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Bouch
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Harding
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan O’Reilly
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Wood
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Foula Sozo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Parseghian MH, Hobson ST, Richieri RA. Targeted heat shock protein 72 for pulmonary cytoprotection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:78-85. [PMID: 27152638 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is perhaps the most important member of the HSP70 family of proteins, given that it is induced in a wide variety of tissues and cells to combat stress, particularly oxidative stress. Here, we review independent observations of the critical role this protein plays as a pulmonary cytoprotectant and discuss the merits of developing HSP72 as a therapeutic for rapid delivery to cells and tissues after a traumatic event. We also discuss the fusion of HSP72 to a cell-penetrating single-chain Fv antibody fragment derived from mAb 3E10, referred to as Fv-HSP70. This fusion construct has been validated in vivo in a cerebral infarction model and is currently in testing as a clinical therapeutic to treat ischemic events and as a fieldable medical countermeasure to treat inhalation of toxicants caused by terrorist actions or industrial accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen T Hobson
- Rubicon Biotechnology, Lake Forest, California.,Seacoast Science, Inc, Carlsbad, California
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22
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Abstract
The development of the human lung starts at 4 weeks of gestation with the appearance of the tracheal outgrowth from the foregut and continues into early childhood. Survival at birth is dependent on adequate development and maturation of the lung in utero. Abnormal bronchopulmonary development results in congenital lung malformations, and inadequate development is thought to contribute to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Complex processes and factors influencing lung development are beginning to be elucidated, and further knowledge will hopefully lead to improved interventions to enhance outcomes in vulnerable or affected infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Mullassery
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Addenbrookes Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicola P Smith
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Addenbrookes Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Ali M, Heyob KM, Velten M, Tipple TE, Rogers LK. DHA suppresses chronic apoptosis in the lung caused by perinatal inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L441-8. [PMID: 26138643 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00137.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that an adverse perinatal environment significantly alters lung growth and development and results in persistently altered cardiopulmonary physiology in adulthood. Our model of maternal LPS treatment followed by 14 days of neonatal hyperoxia exposure causes severe pulmonary disease characterized by permanent decreases in alveolarization and diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The current investigations tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of Notch signaling pathways contributes to the permanently altered lung phenotype in our model and that the improvements we have observed previously with maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation are mediated through normalization of Notch-related protein expression. Results indicated that inflammation (IL-6 levels) and oxidation (F2a-isoprostanes) persisted through 8 wk of life in mice exposed to LPS/O2 perinatally. These changes were attenuated by maternal DHA supplementation. Modest but inconsistent differences were observed in Notch-pathway proteins Jagged 1, DLL 1, PEN2, and presenilin-2. We detected substantial increases in markers of apoptosis including PARP-1, APAF-1, caspase-9, BCL2, and HMGB1, and these increases were attenuated in mice that were nursed by DHA-supplemented dams during the perinatal period. Although Notch signaling is not significantly altered at 8 wk of age in mice with perinatal exposure to LPS/O2, our findings indicate that persistent apoptosis continues to occur at 8 wk of age. We speculate that ongoing apoptosis may contribute to persistently altered lung development and may further enhance susceptibility to additional pulmonary disease. Finally, we found that maternal DHA supplementation prevented sustained inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis in our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ali
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn M Heyob
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhlems-University, University Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
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Bouch S, O'Reilly M, Harding R, Sozo F. Neonatal exposure to mild hyperoxia causes persistent increases in oxidative stress and immune cells in the lungs of mice without altering lung structure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L488-96. [PMID: 26138645 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00359.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants often require supplemental oxygen due to lung immaturity, but hyperoxia can contribute to an increased risk of respiratory illness later in life. Our aim was to compare the effects of mild and moderate levels of neonatal hyperoxia on markers of pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation and on lung architecture; both immediate and persistent effects were assessed. Neonatal mice (C57BL6/J) were raised in either room air (21% O2), mild (40% O2), or moderate (65% O2) hyperoxia from birth until postnatal day 7 (P7d). The mice were killed at either P7d (immediate effects) or lived in air until adulthood (P56d, persistent effects). We enumerated macrophages in lung tissue at P7d and immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at P56d. At P7d and P56d, we assessed pulmonary oxidative stress [heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nitrotyrosine staining] and lung architecture. The data were interrogated for sex differences. At P7d, HO-1 gene expression was greater in the 65% O2 group than in the 21% O2 group. At P56d, the area of nitrotyrosine staining and number of immune cells were greater in the 40% O2 and 65% O2 groups relative to the 21% O2 group. Exposure to 65% O2, but not 40% O2, led to larger alveoli and lower tissue fraction in the short term and to persistently fewer bronchiolar-alveolar attachments. Exposure to 40% O2 or 65% O2 causes persistent increases in pulmonary oxidative stress and immune cells, suggesting chronic inflammation within the adult lung. Unlike 65% O2, 40% O2 does not affect lung architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Bouch
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Harding
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Foula Sozo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Kondrikov D, Fulton D, Dong Z, Su Y. Heat Shock Protein 70 Prevents Hyperoxia-Induced Disruption of Lung Endothelial Barrier via Caspase-Dependent and AIF-Dependent Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129343. [PMID: 26066050 PMCID: PMC4465980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) to hyperoxia results in a compromise in endothelial monolayer integrity, an increase in caspase-3 activity, and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a marker of caspase-independent apoptosis. In an endeavor to identify proteins involved in hyperoxic endothelial injury, we found that the protein expression of heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was increased in hyperoxic PAECs. The hyperoxia-induced Hsp70 protein expression is from hspA1B gene. Neither inhibition nor overexpression of Hsp70 affected the first phase barrier disruption of endothelial monolayer. Nevertheless, inhibition of Hsp70 by using the Hsp70 inhibitor KNK437 or knock down Hsp70 using siRNA exaggerated and overexpression of Hsp70 prevented the second phase disruption of lung endothelial integrity. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp70 exacerbated and overexpression of Hsp70 prevented hyperoxia-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, and increase in nuclear AIF protein level in PAECs. Furthermore, we found that Hsp70 interacted with AIF in the cytosol in hyperoxic PAECs. Inhibition of Hsp70/AIF association by KNK437 correlated with increased nuclear AIF level and apoptosis in KNK437-treated PAECs. Finally, the ROS scavenger NAC prevented the hyperoxia-induced increase in Hsp70 expression and reduced the interaction of Hsp70 with AIF in hyperoxic PAECs. Together, these data indicate that increased expression of Hsp70 plays a protective role against hyperoxia-induced lung endothelial barrier disruption through caspase-dependent and AIF-dependent apoptotic pathways. Association of Hsp70 with AIF prevents AIF nuclear translocation, contributing to the protective effect of Hsp70 on hyperoxia-induced endothelial apoptosis. The hyperoxia-induced increase in Hsp70 expression and Hsp70/AIF interaction is contributed to ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - David Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States of America
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chetty A, Bennett M, Dang L, Nakamura D, Cao GJ, Mujahid S, Volpe M, Herman I, Becerra SP, Nielsen HC. Pigment epithelium-derived factor mediates impaired lung vascular development in neonatal hyperoxia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:295-303. [PMID: 25054647 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0229oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease of preterm infants characterized by arrested microvascularization and alveolarization. Studies show the importance of proangiogenic factors for alveolarization, but the importance of antiangiogenic factors is unknown. We proposed that hyperoxia increases the potent angiostatin, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), in neonatal lungs, inhibiting alveolarization and microvascularization. Wild-type (WT) and PEDF(-/-) mice were exposed to room air (RA) or 0.9 fraction of inspired oxygen from Postnatal Day 5 to 13. PEDF protein was increased in hyperoxic lungs compared with RA-exposed lungs (P < 0.05). In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence identified PEDF production primarily in alveolar epithelium. Hyperoxia reduced alveolarization in WT mice (P < 0.05) but not in PEDF(-/-) mice. WT hyperoxic mice had fewer platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-positive cells per alveolus (1.4 ± 0.4) than RA-exposed mice (4.3 ± 0.3; P < 0.05); this reduction was absent in hyperoxic PEDF(-/-) mice. The interactive regulation of lung microvascularization by vascular endothelial growth factor and PEDF was studied in vitro using MFLM-91U cells, a fetal mouse lung endothelial cell line. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation of proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation was inhibited by PEDF. MFLM-91U cells exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from E17 fetal mouse lung type II (T2) cells cultured in 0.9 fraction of inspired oxygen formed fewer capillary tubes than CM from T2 cells cultured in RA (hyperoxia CM, 51 ± 10% of RA CM, P < 0.05), an effect abolished by PEDF antibody. We conclude that PEDF mediates reduced vasculogenesis and alveolarization in neonatal hyperoxia. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia likely results from an altered balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chetty
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Hou A, Fu J, Yang H, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Xu S, Xue X. Hyperoxia stimulates the transdifferentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells in newborn rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L861-72. [PMID: 25681436 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen treatment in preterm infants may cause bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which is characterized by alveolar simplification and vascular disorganization. Despite type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC II) damage being reported previously, we found no decrease in the AEC II-specific marker, surfactant protein C (SP-C), in the BPD model in our previous study. We thus speculated that AEC II injury is not a unique mechanism of BPD-related pulmonary epithelial repair dysfunction and that abnormal transdifferentiation can exist. Newborn rats were randomly assigned to model (85% oxygen inhalation) and control groups (room air inhalation). Expressions of AEC I (aquaporin 5, T1α) and AEC II markers (SP-C, SP-B) were detected at three levels: 1) in intact lung tissue, 2) in AEC II isolated from rats in the two groups, and 3) in AEC II isolated from newborn rats, which were further cultured under either hyperoxic or normoxic conditions. In the model group, increased AEC I was observed at both the tissue and cell level, and markedly increased transdifferentiation was observed by immunofluorescent double staining. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in alveolar epithelium such as damaged AECs, a fused air-blood barrier structure, and opened tight junctions in the model group. These findings indicate that transdifferentiation of AECs is not suppressed but rather is increased under hyperoxic treatment by compensation; however, such repair during injury cannot offset pulmonary epithelial air exchange and barrier dysfunction caused by structural damage to AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Kondrikov D, Gross C, Black SM, Su Y. Novel peptide for attenuation of hyperoxia-induced disruption of lung endothelial barrier and pulmonary edema via modulating peroxynitrite formation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33355-63. [PMID: 25315770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.585356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary damages of oxygen toxicity include vascular leakage and pulmonary edema. We have previously reported that hyperoxia increases the formation of NO and peroxynitrite in lung endothelial cells via increased interaction of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) with β-actin. A peptide (P326TAT) with amino acid sequence corresponding to the actin binding region of eNOS residues 326-333 has been shown to reduce the hyperoxia-induced formation of NO and peroxynitrite in lung endothelial cells. In the present study, we found that exposure of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hyperoxia (95% oxygen and 5% CO2) for 48 h resulted in disruption of monolayer barrier integrity in two phases, and apoptosis occurred in the second phase. NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester attenuated the endothelial barrier disruption in both phases. Peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid did not affect the first phase but ameliorated the second phase of endothelial barrier disruption and apoptosis. P326TAT inhibited hyperoxia-induced disruption of monolayer barrier integrity in two phases and apoptosis in the second phase. More importantly, injection of P326TAT attenuated vascular leakage, pulmonary edema, and endothelial apoptosis in the lungs of mice exposed to hyperoxia. P326TAT also significantly reduced the increase in eNOS-β-actin association and protein tyrosine nitration. Together, these results indicate that peptide P326TAT ameliorates barrier dysfunction of hyperoxic lung endothelial monolayer and attenuates eNOS-β-actin association, peroxynitrite formation, endothelial apoptosis, and pulmonary edema in lungs of hyperoxic mice. P326TAT can be a novel therapeutic agent to treat or prevent acute lung injury in oxygen toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunchao Su
- From the the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Vascular Biology Center, and Medicine, Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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29
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Bhandari V. Postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:189-201. [PMID: 24578018 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hyperoxia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and systemic/local sepsis are important antecedents of postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This review will summarize information obtained from animal (baboon, lamb/sheep, rat and mouse) models that pertain to the specific inflammatory agents and signaling molecules that predispose a premature infant to BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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30
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Koskinen A, Lukkarinen H, Laine J, Ahotupa M, Kääpä P, Soukka H. Delay in rat lung alveolarization after the combined exposure of maternal hyperglycemia and postnatal hyperoxia. Pediatr Pulmonol 2014; 49:179-88. [PMID: 23836626 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diabetes interferes with fetal lung development and postnatal treatments may further disturb pulmonary growth. Therefore, we investigated the effect of postnatal oxygen exposure on alveolar development in neonatal rat lungs pre-exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin injection before pregnancy. Hyperglycemia-exposed and control litters were randomized to breath room air or 85% oxygen for 7 days after birth. Lungs were analyzed on postnatal d7 for weight, morphology, apoptosis, proliferation, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS Maternal hyperglycemia accelerated lung development as demonstrated by thinner alveolar walls and slightly increased secondary septation when compared to room air bred rats. Hyperoxia alone caused thin-walled and enlarged alveoli with few secondary septa. Interestingly, the dual exposure inhibited the thinning of alveolar walls and the disappearance of mesenchymal cells from the alveolar walls together with the delay in the formation of alveoli and secondary crests. While the lungs' oxidative stress was similar in all groups, pulmonary apoptosis and proliferation were altered. CONCLUSION Our results thus indicate that the hyperglycemic priming of the fetal lung modifies the deleterious effect of hyperoxia on alveolarization in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koskinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland
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31
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Wang X, Li W, Liu W, Cai B, Cheng T, Gao C, Mo L, Yang H, Chang L. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms as major risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a Chinese Han population. Gene 2014; 533:48-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Madurga A, Mizíková I, Ruiz-Camp J, Morty RE. Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L893-905. [PMID: 24213917 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00267.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to early lung development, a process exemplified by the branching of the developing airways, the later development of the immature lung remains very poorly understood. A key event in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, creating a greater number of alveoli of a smaller size, which dramatically expands the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Secondary septation, together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung that minimize the distance between the inspired air and the blood, are the objectives of late lung development. The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurely born infants in which the structural development of the alveoli is blunted as a consequence of inflammation, volutrauma, and oxygen toxicity. This review aims to highlight notable recent developments in our understanding of late lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Madurga
- Dept. of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine ameliorates hyperoxic lung injury in a neonatal rat model. Pediatr Res 2013; 74:26-33. [PMID: 23598810 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important cause of morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) treatment on hyperoxic lung injury in a neonatal rat model. METHODS A total of 30 newborn pups were divided into control, hyperoxia, and hyperoxia + CDP-choline groups. After birth, pups in the control group were kept in room air and received saline injections, whereas those in hyperoxia and hyperoxia + CDP-choline groups were exposed to 95% O₂ and received daily injections of saline and CDP-choline throughout postnatal day 10, respectively. Histopathological scoring, radial alveolar count, lamellar body membrane protein expression, fibrosis, proinflammatory cytokine levels, lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid phospholipid content, and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Hyperoxia-induced severe lung damage was reduced significantly by CDP-choline treatment. Radial alveolar count and lamellar body membrane protein expression were significantly recovered, and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling-positive cells, active caspase-3 expression, and tissue proinflammatory cytokine levels were decreased by CDP-choline administration. Lung tissue and BAL phospholipid contents showed significant increases after CDP-choline administration. CONCLUSION These data show that CDP-choline ameliorates hyperoxic lung injury in a neonatal rat model. It may therefore be suggested that CDP-choline may be a novel therapeutic option for the prevention of BPD.
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Chang YS, Choi SJ, Ahn SY, Sung DK, Sung SI, Yoo HS, Oh WI, Park WS. Timing of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation determines therapeutic efficacy in the neonatal hyperoxic lung injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52419. [PMID: 23349686 PMCID: PMC3549907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuates the hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. The aim of this study was to optimize the timing of MSCs transplantation. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly exposed to hyperoxia (90% for 2 weeks and 60% for 1 week) or normoxia after birth for 21 days. Human UCB-derived MSCs (5×10(5) cells) were delivered intratracheally early at postnatal day (P) 3 (HT3), late at P10 (HT10) or combined early+late at P3+10 (HT3+10). Hyperoxia-induced increase in mortality, TUNEL positive cells, ED1 positive alveolar macrophages, myeloperoxidase activity and collagen levels, retarded growth and reduced alveolarization as evidenced by increased mean linear intercept and mean alveolar volume were significantly better attenuated in both HT3 and HT3+10 than in HT10. Hyperoxia-induced up-regulation of both cytosolic and membrane p47(phox) indicative of oxidative stress, and increased inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β measured by ELISA, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, CXCL7, RANTES, L-selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 measured by protein array were consistently more attenuated in both HT3 and HT3+10 than in HT10. Hyperoxia-induced decrease in hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly up-regulated in both HT3 and HT3+10, but not in HT10. In summary, intratracheal transplantation of human UCB derived MSCs time-dependently attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats, showing significant protection only in the early but not in the late phase of inflammation. There were no synergies with combined early+late MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Il Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Lee HS. Fetal Alveolar Type II Cell Injury Induced by Short-term Exposure to Hyperoxia. NEONATAL MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.5385/nm.2013.20.3.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Soo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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36
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Kim MN, Lee KE, Hong JY, Heo WI, Kim KW, Kim KE, Sohn MH. Involvement of the MAPK and PI3K pathways in chitinase 3-like 1-regulated hyperoxia-induced airway epithelial cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:790-6. [PMID: 22554524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to 100% oxygen causes hyperoxic acute lung injury characterized by cell death and injury of alveolar epithelial cells. Recently, the role of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), a member of the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family that lacks chitinase activity, in oxidative stress was demonstrated in murine models. High levels of serum CHI3L1 have been associated with various diseases of the lung, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. However, the role of CHI3L1 in human airway epithelial cells undergoing oxidative stress remains unknown. In addition, the signaling pathways associated with CHI3L1 in this process are poorly understood. PURPOSE In this study, we demonstrate the role of CHI3L1, along with the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways, in hyperoxia-exposed airway epithelial cells. METHOD The human airway epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, was exposed to >95% oxygen (hyperoxia) for up to 72h. Hyperoxia-induced cell death was determined by assessing cell viability, Annexin-V FITC staining, caspase-3 and -7 expression, and electron microscopy. CHI3L1 knockdown and overexpression studies were conducted in BEAS-2B cells to examine the role of CHI3L1 in hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. Activation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways was also investigated to determine the role of these signaling cascades in this process. RESULTS Hyperoxia exposure increased CHI3L1 expression and apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. CHI3L1 knockdown protected cells from hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. In contrast, CHI3L1 overexpression promoted cell death after hyperoxia exposure. Finally, phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and Akt were affected by CHI3L1 knockdown. CONCLUSION This study indicates that CHI3L1 is involved in hyperoxia-induced cell death, suggesting that CHI3L1 may be one of several cell death regulators influencing the MAPK and PI3K pathways during oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Allergy, Severance Medical Research Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Koskinen A, Lukkarinen H, Moritz N, Aho H, Kääpä P, Soukka H. Fetal hyperglycemia alters lung structural development in neonatal rat. Pediatr Pulmonol 2012; 47:275-82. [PMID: 21905266 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes is associated with increased risk for abnormal fetal organogenesis, but its effects on the developing lungs are still insufficiently known. To determine the effect of maternal hyperglycemia on postnatal lung development, we studied lung structural and cellular changes in newborn rats exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. We induced hyperglycemia in Sprague-Dawley rats with i.p. streptozotocin before pregnancy and allowed the hyperglycemic and control dams deliver at term. Lungs were obtained on postnatal day (d) 0, d7, and d14 and analyzed for lung weight and morphology, as well as cellular apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and proliferation (PCNA staining). Quantitative micro-CT analysis of the lung vasculature was additionally performed at d14. At birth, maternal hyperglycemia resulted in decreased relative lung weight, thinner alveolar septa and increased cellular apoptosis and proliferation, when compared to controls. At 1 and 2 weeks of age pulmonary cell apoptosis and alveolar chord length remained unchanged, but cell proliferation and number of secondary crests were increased in the hyperglycemia-exposed neonatal lungs in comparison with the controls. Density of small arterioles on histological examination and the structure of pulmonary arterial vasculature in micro-CT analysis of the neonatal lungs were not influenced by maternal hyperglycemia. Our results suggest, that maternal hyperglycemia is related to developmental structural alterations in postnatal rat lungs. These early changes may reflect aberrant maturational adaptation in response to the hyperglycemic fetal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koskinen
- The Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Chang YS, Choi SJ, Sung DK, Kim SY, Oh W, Yang YS, Park WS. Intratracheal Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Dose-Dependently Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats. Cell Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x565038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attenuates the hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. The aim of this preclinical translation study was to optimize the dose of human UCB-derived MSCs in attenuating hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly exposed to hyperoxia (95% oxygen) or normoxia after birth for 14 days. Three different doses of human UCB-derived MSCs, 5 × 103 (HT1), 5 × 104 (HT2), and 5 × 105 (HT3), were delivered intratracheally at postnatal day (P) 5. At P14, lungs were harvested for analyses including morphometry for alveolarization, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, myeoloperoxidase activity, mRNA level of tumor necross factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), human glyceradehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and p47 phox, and collagen levels. Increases in TUNEL-positive cells were attenuated in all transplantation groups. However, hyperoxia-induced lung injuries, such as reduced alveolarization, as evidenced by increased mean linear intercept and mean alveolar volume, and increased collagen levels were significantly attenuated in both HT2 and HT3, but not in HT1, with better attenuation in HT3 than in HT2. Dose-dependent human GAPDH expression, indicative of the presence of human RNA in lung tissue, was observed only in the transplantation groups, with higher expression in HT3 than in HT2, and higher expression in HT2 than in HT1. Hyperoxia-induced inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase acitivity, mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β of the lung tissue, and upregulation of both cytosolic and membrane p47 phox, indicative of oxidative stress, were significantly attenuated in both HT2 and HT3 but not in HT1. These results demonstrate that intratracheal transplantation of human UCB-derived MSCs with appropriate doses may attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury through active involvement of these cells in modulating host inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yoon Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dmitrieff EF, Piro SE, Broge TA, Dunmire KB, Bavis RW. Carotid body growth during chronic postnatal hyperoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 180:193-203. [PMID: 22138179 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rats reared in hyperoxia have smaller carotid bodies as adults. To study the time course and mechanisms underlying these changes, rats were reared in 60% O(2) from birth and their carotid bodies were harvested at various postnatal ages (P0-P7, P14). The carotid bodies of hyperoxia-reared rats were smaller than those of age-matched controls beginning at P4. In contrast, 7d of 60% O(2) had no effect on carotid body size in rats exposed to hyperoxia as adults. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to assess cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation at P2, P4, and P6. Hyperoxia reduced the proportion of glomus cells undergoing cell division at P4; although a similar trend was evident at P2, hyperoxia no longer affected cell proliferation by P6. The proportion of TUNEL-positive glomus cells was modestly increased by hyperoxia. We did not detect changes in mRNA expression for proapoptotic (Bax) or antiapoptotic (Bcl-X(L)) genes or transcription factors that regulate cell cycle checkpoints (p53 or p21), although mRNA levels for cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 were reduced. Collectively, these data indicate that hyperoxia primarily attenuates postnatal growth of the carotid body by inhibiting glomus cell proliferation during the first few days of exposure.
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Tanaka A, Jin Y, Lee SJ, Zhang M, Kim HP, Stolz DB, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Hyperoxia-induced LC3B interacts with the Fas apoptotic pathway in epithelial cell death. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:507-14. [PMID: 22095627 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0415oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell death plays a critical role in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. We investigated the involvement of the autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (LC3B) in epithelial cell apoptosis after hyperoxia. Prolonged hyperoxia (>95% O(2)), which causes characteristic lung injury in mice, activated morphological and biochemical markers of autophagy. Hyperoxia induced the time-dependent expression and conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II in mouse lung in vivo and in cultured epithelial cells (Beas-2B, human bronchial epithelial cells) in vitro. Hyperoxia increased autophagosome formation in Beas-2B cells, as evidenced by electron microscopy and increased GFP-LC3 puncta. The augmented LC3B level after hyperoxia was transcriptionally regulated and dependent in part on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. We hypothesized that LC3B plays a regulatory role in hyperoxia-induced epithelial apoptosis. LC3B siRNA promoted hyperoxia-induced cell death in epithelial cells, whereas overexpression of LC3B conferred cytoprotection after hyperoxia. The autophagic protein LC3B cross-regulated the Fas apoptotic pathway by physically interacting with the components of death-inducing signaling complex. This interaction was mediated by caveolin-1 tyrosine 14, which is a known target of phosphorylation induced by hyperoxia. Taken together, hyperoxia-induced LC3B activation regulates the Fas apoptotic pathway and thus confers cytoprotection in lung epithelial cells. The interaction of LC3B and Fas pathways requires cav-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tanaka
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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McGrath-Morrow SA, Lauer T, Collaco JM, Yee M, O'Reilly M, Mitzner W, Neptune E, Wise R, Biswal S. Neonatal hyperoxia contributes additively to cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease changes in adult mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:610-6. [PMID: 21239606 PMCID: PMC3175575 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0259oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent by which early postnatal lung injury contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the adult is unclear. We hypothesized that exposure to hyperoxia during early postnatal life can augment lung changes caused by adult chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. C57BL/6J mice (1 d old) were exposed to hyperoxia (O(2)) for 5 days. At 1 month of age, half of the O(2)-exposed mice and half of the control mice were placed in a CS chamber for 6 months. After exposure to CS, mice underwent quasi-static pressure-volume curve and mean chord length measurements; quantification of pro-Sp-c expression; and measurement of lung IL-8/ KC, CXCR2/IL8Rα, TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA by real-time PCR. Adult mice exposed to O(2)+CS had significantly larger chord length measurements (P < 0.02) and lung volumes at 35 cm H(2)O (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. They also had significantly less pro-Sp-c protein and surfactant protein C mRNA expression (P < 0.003). Mice exposed to O(2)+CS and CS-only mice had significantly higher lung resistance and longer mean time constants (P < 0.01), significantly more inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.03), and significantly higher levels of lung CXCR2/IL8Rα mRNA compared with mice not exposed to smoke (P < 0.02). We conclude that exposure to early postnatal hyperoxia contributed additively to CS-induced COPD changes in adult mice. These results may be relevant to a growing population of preterm children who sustained lung injury in the newborn period and may be exposed to CS in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A McGrath-Morrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Suite 3029, 200 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD 21287-2533, USA.
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Blackwell TS, Hipps AN, Yamamoto Y, Han W, Barham WJ, Ostrowski MC, Yull FE, Prince LS. NF-κB signaling in fetal lung macrophages disrupts airway morphogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2740-7. [PMID: 21775686 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a common pulmonary complication of extreme prematurity. Arrested lung development leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the molecular pathways that cause this arrest are unclear. Lung injury and inflammation increase disease risk, but the cellular site of the inflammatory response and the potential role of localized inflammatory signaling in inhibiting lung morphogenesis are not known. In this study, we show that tissue macrophages present in the fetal mouse lung mediate the inflammatory response to LPS and that macrophage activation inhibits airway morphogenesis. Macrophage depletion or targeted inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway protected airway branching in cultured lung explants from the effects of LPS. Macrophages also appear to be the primary cellular site of IL-1β production following LPS exposure. Conversely, targeted NF-κB activation in transgenic macrophages was sufficient to inhibit airway morphogenesis. Macrophage activation in vivo inhibited expression of multiple genes critical for normal lung development, leading to thickened lung interstitium, reduced airway branching, and perinatal death. We propose that fetal lung macrophage activation contributes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia by generating a localized inflammatory response that disrupts developmental signals critical for lung formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Neptune ER. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Common Mechanisms But Distinct Manifestations? PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2011; 24:119-125. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2011.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enid R. Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Londhe VA, Sundar IK, Lopez B, Maisonet TM, Yu Y, Aghai ZH, Rahman I. Hyperoxia impairs alveolar formation and induces senescence through decreased histone deacetylase activity and up-regulation of p21 in neonatal mouse lung. Pediatr Res 2011; 69:371-7. [PMID: 21270677 PMCID: PMC3092484 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318211c917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar development comprises the transition of lung architecture from saccules to gas-exchange units during late gestation and early postnatal development. Exposure to hyperoxia disrupts developmental signaling pathways and causes alveolar hypoplasia as seen in bronchopulmonary dysplasia affecting preterm human newborns. Expanding literature suggests that epigenetic changes caused by environmental triggers during development may lead to heritable changes in gene expression. Given recent data on altered histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in lungs of humans and animal models with airspace enlargement/emphysema, we hypothesized that alveolar hypoplasia from hyperoxia exposure in neonatal mice is a consequence of cell cycle arrest and reduced HDAC activity and up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. We exposed newborn mice to hyperoxia and compared lung morphologic and epigenetic changes to room air controls. Furthermore, we pretreated a subgroup of animals with the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM), known to possess antiinflammatory properties. Our results showed that hyperoxia exposure resulted in alveolar hypoplasia and was associated with decreased HDAC1 and HDAC2 and increased p53 and p21 expression. Furthermore, AZM did not confer protection against hyperoxia-induced alveolar changes. These findings suggest that alveolar hypoplasia caused by hyperoxia is mediated by epigenetic changes affecting cell cycle regulation/senescence during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedang A Londhe
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Li W, Chang L, Rong Z, Liu W. Retinoic acid diminished the expression of MMP-2 in hyperoxia-exposed premature rat lung fibroblasts through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:251-257. [PMID: 21505995 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA), PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 on the hyperoxia-induced expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in premature rat lung fibroblasts (LFs). LFs were exposed to hyperoxia or room air for 12 h in the presence of RA and the kinase inhibitors PD98059 (ERK1/2), SP600125 (JNK1/2) and SB203580 (p38) respectively. The expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography. The amount of p-ERK1/2, REK1/2, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-p38 and p38 was determined by Western blotting. The results showed that: (1) PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 significantly inhibited p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 respectively in LFs; (2) The expression of MMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to hyperoxia was decreased after treatment with RA, SP600125 and SB203580 respectively (P<0.01 or 0.05), but did not change after treatment with PD98059 (P>0.05). Meanwhile, RA, PD98059, SP600125 and SB203580 had no effect on the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA in LFs exposed to room air or hyperoxia (P>0.05); (3) The expression of pro- and active MMP-2 experienced no change after treatment with RA or SP600125 in LFs exposed to room air (P>0.05), but decreased remarkably after hyperoxia (P<0.01 or 0.05). SB203580 inhibited the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 either in room air or under hyperoxia (P<0.01). PD98059 exerted no effect on the expression of pro- and active MMP-2 (P<0.05). It was suggested that RA had a protective effect on hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating the expression of MMP-2 through decreasing the JNK and p38 activation in hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liwen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhihui Rong
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Maeda T, Kimura S, Matsumoto T, Tanabe Y, Gejyo F, Yamaguchi K. Hyperoxia accelerates Fas-mediated signaling and apoptosis in the lungs of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:107. [PMID: 21470397 PMCID: PMC3083350 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxygen supplementation is commonly given to the patients with severe pneumonia including Legionella disease. Recent data suggested that apoptosis may play an important role, not only in the pathogenesis of Legionella pneumonia, but also in oxygen-induced tissue damage. In the present study, the lethal sensitivity to Legionella pneumonia were compared in the setting of hyperoxia between wild-type and Fas-deficient mice. Findings C57BL/6 mice and B6.MRL-Faslpr mice characterized with Fas-deficiency were used in this study. After intratracheal administration of L. pneumophila, mice were kept in hyperoxic conditions (85-90% O2 conc.) in an airtight chamber for 3 days. Bone-marrow derived macrophages infected with L. pneumophila were also kept in hyperoxic conditions. Caspase activity and cytokine production were determined by using commercially available kits. Smaller increases of several apoptosis markers, such as caspase-3 and -8, were demonstrated in Fas-deficient mice, even though the bacterial burdens in Fas-deficient and wild type mice were similar. Bone-marrow derived macrophages from Fas-deficient mice were shown to be more resistant to Legionella-induced cytotoxicity than those from wild-type mice under hyperoxia. Conclusions These results demonstrated that Fas-mediated signaling and apoptosis may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of Legionella pneumonia in the setting of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneharu Maeda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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Alphonse RS, Vadivel A, Coltan L, Eaton F, Barr AJ, Dyck JRB, Thébaud B. Activation of Akt Protects Alveoli from Neonatal Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:146-54. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Jeon GW, Sung DK, Jung YJ, Koo SH, Choi SH, Chang YS, Sin JB, Park WS. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-modulating inflammatory responses in neonatal rats. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:65-73. [PMID: 21155037 PMCID: PMC3017710 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been known to increase neutrophil production and have anti-inflammatory properties, but the effect of G-CSF on pulmonary system is in controversy. We investigated whether G-CSF treatment could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury, and whether this protective effect is mediated by the down-modulation of inflammatory responses in a neonatal rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (Orient Co., Seoul, Korea) were subjected to 14 days of hyperoxia (90% oxygen) beginning within 10 h after birth. G-CSF (20 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on the fourth, fifth, and sixth postnatal days. RESULTS This treatment significantly improved hyperoxia-induced reduction in body weight gain and lung pathology such as increased mean linear intercept, mean alveolar volume, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling positive cells. Hyperoxia- induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by upregulation and membrane translocation of p67(phox) was significantly attenuated after G-CSF treatment, as were inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β. However, the attenuation of other proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin- 6 was not significant. CONCLUSION In sum, G-CSF treatment significantly attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-modulating the inflammatory responses in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Won Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Sung
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Heui Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Beom Sin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mokres LM, Parai K, Hilgendorff A, Ertsey R, Alvira CM, Rabinovitch M, Bland RD. Prolonged mechanical ventilation with air induces apoptosis and causes failure of alveolar septation and angiogenesis in lungs of newborn mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L23-35. [PMID: 19854954 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00251.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective lung septation and angiogenesis, quintessential features of neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD), typically result from lengthy exposure of developing lungs to mechanical ventilation (MV) and hyperoxia. Previous studies showed fewer alveoli and microvessels, with reduced VEGF and increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling, and excess, scattered elastin in lungs of premature infants and lambs with CLD vs. normal controls. MV of newborn mice with 40% O(2) for 24 h yielded similar lung structural abnormalities linked to impaired VEGF signaling, dysregulated elastin production, and increased apoptosis. These studies could not determine the relative importance of cyclic stretch vs. hyperoxia in causing these lung growth abnormalities. We therefore studied the impact of MV for 24 h with air on alveolar septation (quantitative lung histology), angiogenesis [CD31 quantitative-immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoblots], apoptosis [TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), active caspase-3 assays], VEGF signaling [VEGF-A, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF-R1), VEGF-R2 immunoblots], TGFbeta activation [phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2) quantitative-IHC], and elastin production (tropoelastin immunoblots, quantitative image analysis of Hart's stained sections) in lungs of 6-day-old mice. Compared with unventilated controls, MV caused a 3-fold increase in alveolar area, approximately 50% reduction in alveolar number and endothelial surface area, >5-fold increase in apoptosis, >50% decrease in lung VEGF-R2 protein, 4-fold increase of pSmad2 protein, and >50% increase in lung elastin, which was distributed throughout alveolar walls rather than at septal tips. This study is the first to show that prolonged MV of developing lungs, without associated hyperoxia, can inhibit alveolar septation and angiogenesis and increase apoptosis and lung elastin, findings that could reflect stretch-induced changes in VEGF and TGFbeta signaling, as reported in CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Mokres
- Stanford Univ. School of Medicine, CCSR Bldg., Rm. 1225, 269 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5162, USA
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Chang YS, Kim YJ, Yoo HS, Sung DK, Kim SY, Kang S, Park WS. Alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-modulating inflammation in neonatal rats. Exp Lung Res 2009; 35:234-49. [PMID: 19337906 DOI: 10.1080/01902140802573007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was done to determine whether alpha -phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a spin-trapping agent possessing significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, could attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury, and if so, whether this protective effect is mediated by the down-modulation of inflammation in neonatal rats. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rat pups were subjected to 14 days of hyperoxia (> 90% oxygen) within 10 hours after birth. PBN treatment, given 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily throughout the experiment, significantly attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung pathology, such as decreased radial alveolar count, increased mean linear intercept, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells. Hyperoxia-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by up-regulation and membrane translocation of p67phox, and the inflammatory responses, such as increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-beta, were also significantly attenuated with PBN treatment. In summary, a spin-trapping agent PBN significantly attenuated hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating the inflammatory responses in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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