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Gouignard N, Bibonne A, Mata JF, Bajanca F, Berki B, Barriga EH, Saint-Jeannet JP, Theveneau E. Paracrine regulation of neural crest EMT by placodal MMP28. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002261. [PMID: 37590318 PMCID: PMC10479893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early event in cell dissemination from epithelial tissues. EMT endows cells with migratory, and sometimes invasive, capabilities and is thus a key process in embryo morphogenesis and cancer progression. So far, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have not been considered as key players in EMT but rather studied for their role in matrix remodelling in later events such as cell migration per se. Here, we used Xenopus neural crest cells to assess the role of MMP28 in EMT and migration in vivo. We show that a catalytically active MMP28, expressed by neighbouring placodal cells, is required for neural crest EMT and cell migration. We provide strong evidence indicating that MMP28 is imported in the nucleus of neural crest cells where it is required for normal Twist expression. Our data demonstrate that MMP28 can act as an upstream regulator of EMT in vivo raising the possibility that other MMPs might have similar early roles in various EMT-related contexts such as cancer, fibrosis, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Gouignard
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anne Bibonne
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - João F. Mata
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Bajanca
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bianka Berki
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elias H. Barriga
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Mechanisms of Morphogenesis Lab, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- New York University, College of Dentistry, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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2
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Wang Q, Xie Z, Wan N, Yang L, Jin Z, Jin F, Huang Z, Chen M, Wang H, Feng J. Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease evaluation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1278-1290. [PMID: 37130223 PMCID: PMC10309524 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by progressive lung fibrogenesis and histological features of usual interstitial pneumonia. IPF has a poor prognosis and presents a spectrum of disease courses ranging from slow evolving disease to rapid deterioration; thus, a differential diagnosis remains challenging. Several biomarkers have been identified to achieve a differential diagnosis; however, comprehensive reviews are lacking. This review summarizes over 100 biomarkers which can be divided into six categories according to their functions: differentially expressed biomarkers in the IPF compared to healthy controls; biomarkers distinguishing IPF from other types of interstitial lung disease; biomarkers differentiating acute exacerbation of IPF from stable disease; biomarkers predicting disease progression; biomarkers related to disease severity; and biomarkers related to treatment. Specimen used for the diagnosis of IPF included serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue, and sputum. IPF-specific biomarkers are of great clinical value for the differential diagnosis of IPF. Currently, the physiological measurements used to evaluate the occurrence of acute exacerbation, disease progression, and disease severity have limitations. Combining physiological measurements with biomarkers may increase the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis and disease evaluation of IPF. Most biomarkers described in this review are not routinely used in clinical practice. Future large-scale multicenter studies are required to design and validate suitable biomarker panels that have diagnostic utility for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Kunming Municipal First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Zhaoliang Xie
- Respiratory Department of Sanming Yong’an General Hospital, Sanming, Fujian 366000, China
| | - Nansheng Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhixian Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Kunming Municipal First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhaoming Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Kunming Municipal First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Kunming Municipal First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Kunming Municipal First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Cottin V, Selman M, Inoue Y, Wong AW, Corte TJ, Flaherty KR, Han MK, Jacob J, Johannson KA, Kitaichi M, Lee JS, Agusti A, Antoniou KM, Bianchi P, Caro F, Florenzano M, Galvin L, Iwasawa T, Martinez FJ, Morgan RL, Myers JL, Nicholson AG, Occhipinti M, Poletti V, Salisbury ML, Sin DD, Sverzellati N, Tonia T, Valenzuela C, Ryerson CJ, Wells AU. Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:e7-e41. [PMID: 35969190 PMCID: PMC7615200 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1041st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of emphysema is relatively common in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. This has been designated combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). The lack of consensus over definitions and diagnostic criteria has limited CPFE research. Goals: The objectives of this task force were to review the terminology, definition, characteristics, pathophysiology, and research priorities of CPFE and to explore whether CPFE is a syndrome. Methods: This research statement was developed by a committee including 19 pulmonologists, 5 radiologists, 3 pathologists, 2 methodologists, and 2 patient representatives. The final document was supported by a focused systematic review that identified and summarized all recent publications related to CPFE. Results: This task force identified that patients with CPFE are predominantly male, with a history of smoking, severe dyspnea, relatively preserved airflow rates and lung volumes on spirometry, severely impaired DlCO, exertional hypoxemia, frequent pulmonary hypertension, and a dismal prognosis. The committee proposes to identify CPFE as a syndrome, given the clustering of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, shared pathogenetic pathways, unique considerations related to disease progression, increased risk of complications (pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and/or mortality), and implications for clinical trial design. There are varying features of interstitial lung disease and emphysema in CPFE. The committee offers a research definition and classification criteria and proposes that studies on CPFE include a comprehensive description of radiologic and, when available, pathological patterns, including some recently described patterns such as smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. Conclusions: This statement delineates the syndrome of CPFE and highlights research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Tamera J. Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Joseph Jacob
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri A. Johannson
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Joyce S. Lee
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katerina M. Antoniou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Fabian Caro
- Hospital de Rehabilitación Respiratoria "María Ferrer", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Liam Galvin
- European idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and related disorders federation
| | - Tae Iwasawa
- Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Don D. Sin
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Departamento Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Chuliá-Peris L, Carreres-Rey C, Gabasa M, Alcaraz J, Carretero J, Pereda J. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Pulmonary Fibrosis: EMMPRIN/CD147 Comes into Play. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136894. [PMID: 35805895 PMCID: PMC9267107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and parenchymal disorganization, which have an impact on the biomechanical traits of the lung. In this context, the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is lost. Interestingly, several MMPs are overexpressed during PF and exhibit a clear profibrotic role (MMP-2, -3, -8, -11, -12 and -28), but a few are antifibrotic (MMP-19), have both profibrotic and antifibrotic capacity (MMP7), or execute an unclear (MMP-1, -9, -10, -13, -14) or unknown function. TIMPs are also overexpressed in PF; hence, the modulation and function of MMPs and TIMP are more complex than expected. EMMPRIN/CD147 (also known as basigin) is a transmembrane glycoprotein from the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) that was first described to induce MMP activity in fibroblasts. It also interacts with other molecules to execute non-related MMP aactions well-described in cancer progression, migration, and invasion. Emerging evidence strongly suggests that CD147 plays a key role in PF not only by MMP induction but also by stimulating fibroblast myofibroblast transition. In this review, we study the structure and function of MMPs, TIMPs and CD147 in PF and their complex crosstalk between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Chuliá-Peris
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristina Carreres-Rey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Marta Gabasa
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.G.); (J.A.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (L.C.-P.); (C.C.-R.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Yue L, Shi Y, Su X, Ouyang L, Wang G, Ye T. Matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Medicinal chemistry perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113714. [PMID: 34315043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options and a particularly poor prognosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promising targets for the treatment of IPF, have been identified as playing a pivotal role in IPF. Although the pathological processes of MMPs and IPF have been verified, there are no MMP inhibitors for the treatment of IPF in the clinic. In this review, we will present the latest developments in MMP inhibitors, including pharmacophores, binding modes, selectivity and optimization strategies. In addition, we will also discuss the future development direction of MMP inhibitors based on emerging tools and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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6
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Chen Z, Huang J, Li M, Zhang L, Wan D, Lin S. High expression of MMP28 indicates unfavorable prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25320. [PMID: 33761734 PMCID: PMC9282082 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the expression pattern and diagnostic performance of matrix metalloproteinase 28 (MMP28) in pancreatic cancer (PC).The RNA-seq data of PC and normal pancreas tissue were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression. Clinical information of PC that included prognostic data was obtained from TCGA. Later, Fisher exact test was applied for comparison of different clinicopathological features between high and low expression of MMP28 in PC. Afterwards, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox analysis (univariate and multivariate analysis) were used to explore the prognostic performance of MMP28 in PC cohort. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the potential signaling pathways related to high expression of MMP28 in PC.Upregulation of MMP28 was identified in PC tissue compared to normal pancreas tissue (P < .001). Overexpression of MMP28 was related to histological grade (P < .001), M classification (P = .014), and survival status (P = .028). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that high level of MMP28 implied unfavorable prognosis in PC (P = .002). Multivariate analysis confirmed that MMP28 was an independent risk factor in PC (hazard rate = 1.308, P = .018). Our GSEA analysis found that signaling pathways including glycolysis, p53 pathway, notch signaling, estrogen response late, cholesterol homeostasis, estrogen response early, mitotic spindle, and transforming growth factor beta signaling were enriched in the group with higher MMP28 expression.High expression of MMP28 could be identified in PC, which also served as an independent risk element for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University, Shulan International Medical College
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
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Loss of MT1-MMP in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Exacerbates Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062923. [PMID: 33805743 PMCID: PMC7998872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal age-related lung disease whose pathogenesis involves an aberrant response of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Activated epithelial cells secrete mediators that participate in the activation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Previous studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is increased in the lung epithelium in patients with IPF, however, the role of this membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase has not been elucidated. In this study, the role of Mmp14 was explored in experimental lung fibrosis induced with bleomycin in a conditional mouse model of lung epithelial MMP14-specific genetic deletion. Our results show that epithelial Mmp14 deficiency in mice increases the severity and extension of fibrotic injury and affects the resolution of the lesions. Gain-and loss-of-function experiments with human epithelial cell line A549 demonstrated that cells with a deficiency of MMP14 exhibited increased senescence-associated markers. Moreover, conditioned medium from these cells increased fibroblast expression of fibrotic molecules. These findings suggest a new anti-fibrotic mechanism of MMP14 associated with anti-senescent activity, and consequently, its absence results in impaired lung repair. Increased MMP14 in IPF may represent an anti-fibrotic mechanism that is overwhelmed by the strong profibrotic microenvironment that characterizes this disease.
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8
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Role of various imbalances centered on alveolar epithelial cell/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:261-274. [PMID: 33522725 PMCID: PMC7846426 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been recent extensive studies and rapid advancement on the pathogenesis underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and intricate pathogenesis of IPF has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to clarify the logical relationship between these mechanisms. An extensive search was undertaken of the PubMed using the following keywords: “etiology,” “pathogenesis,” “alveolar epithelial cell (AEC),” “fibroblast,” “lymphocyte,” “macrophage,” “epigenomics,” “histone,” acetylation,” “methylation,” “endoplasmic reticulum stress,” “mitochondrial dysfunction,” “telomerase,” “proteases,” “plasminogen,” “epithelial-mesenchymal transition,” “oxidative stress,” “inflammation,” “apoptosis,” and “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.” This search covered relevant research articles published up to April 30, 2020. Original articles, reviews, and other articles were searched and reviewed for content; 240 highly relevant studies were obtained after screening. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors: environmental exposures affect epigenetic marks; epigenetic processes translate environmental exposures into the regulation of chromatin; epigenetic processes shape gene expression profiles; in turn, an individual's genetic background determines epigenetic marks; finally, these genetic and epigenetic factors act in concert to dysregulate gene expression in IPF lung tissue. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances including endoplasmic reticulum, telomere length homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, Th1/Th2 imbalance, M1–M2 polarization of macrophages, protease/antiprotease imbalance, and plasminogen activation/inhibition imbalance. These affect each other, promote each other, and ultimately promote AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance directly or indirectly. Excessive AEC apoptosis and impaired apoptosis of fibroblasts contribute to fibrosis. IPF is likely the result of complex interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The pathogenesis of IPF involves various imbalances centered on AEC/fibroblast apoptosis imbalance.
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9
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Zhang X, Zou Y, Liu Y, Cao Y, Zhu J, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang R, Li J. Inhibition of PIM1 kinase attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by modulating the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2020; 125:15-22. [PMID: 32619930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PIM1 is serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in numerous biological processes. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pathological result of the dysfunctional repair of lung injury without effective therapeutic treatments. In the current study, we investigated whether PIM1 inhibition would improve bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, PIM1 was persistently upregulated in fibrotic lung tissues. Furthermore, PIM1 inhibition by the PIM1-specific inhibitor SMI-4a showed protective effects against BLM-induced mortality. Furthermore, SMI-4a suppressed hydroxyproline deposition and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) formation, which was characterized by E-cadherin and α-SMA expression in vivo. More importantly, the ZEB1/E-cadherin pathway was found to be closely associated with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. After the in vitro treatment of A549 cells, PIM1 regulated E-cadherin expression by dependently modulating the activity of the transcription factor ZEB1. These findings were verified in vivo after SMI-4a administration. Finally, an shPIM1-expressing adeno-associated virus was delivered via intratracheal injection to induce a long-term PIM1 deficiency in the alveolar epithelium. AAV-mediated PIM1 knockdown in the lung tissues alleviated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, as indicated by collagen accumulation reduction, pulmonary histopathological mitigation and EMT reversion. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of PIM1 in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and suggest PIM1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in chronic pulmonary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Ramírez-Aragón M, Hernández-Sánchez F, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Buendía-Roldán I, Güitrón-Castillo G, Núñez-Alvarez CA, Hernández-Ramírez DF, Benavides-Suárez SA, Esquinca-González A, Torres-Machorro AL, Mendoza-Milla C. The Transcription Factor SCX is a Potential Serum Biomarker of Fibrotic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145012. [PMID: 32708589 PMCID: PMC7404299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are causes of morbidity and mortality around the world, and they are characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The bHLH transcription factor scleraxis (SCX) regulates the synthesis of ECM proteins in heart fibrosis. SCX expression was evaluated in lung fibroblasts and tissue derived from fibrotic disease patients and healthy controls. We also measured SCX in sera from 57 healthy controls, and 56 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), 40 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), and 100 Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients. We report high SCX expression in fibroblasts and tissue from IPF patients versus controls. High SCX-serum levels were observed in IPF (0.663 ± 0.559 ng/mL, p < 0.01) and SSc (0.611 ± 0.296 ng/mL, p < 0.001), versus controls (0.351 ± 0.207 ng/mL) and HP (0.323 ± 0.323 ng/mL). Serum levels of the SCX heterodimerization partner, TCF3, did not associate with fibrotic illness. IPF patients with severely affected respiratory capacities and late-stage SSc patients presenting anti-topoisomerase I antibodies and interstitial lung disease showed the highest SCX-serum levels. SCX gain-of-function induced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA/ACTA2) in fibroblasts when co-overexpressed with TCF3. As late and severe stages of the fibrotic processes correlated with high circulating SCX, we postulate it as a candidate biomarker of fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramírez-Aragón
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.R.-A.); (I.B.-R.); (G.G.-C.)
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Tatiana S. Rodríguez-Reyna
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (T.S.R.-R.); (C.A.N.-A.); (D.F.H.-R.); (S.A.B.-S.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Ivette Buendía-Roldán
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.R.-A.); (I.B.-R.); (G.G.-C.)
| | - Gael Güitrón-Castillo
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.R.-A.); (I.B.-R.); (G.G.-C.)
| | - Carlos A. Núñez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (T.S.R.-R.); (C.A.N.-A.); (D.F.H.-R.); (S.A.B.-S.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Diego F. Hernández-Ramírez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (T.S.R.-R.); (C.A.N.-A.); (D.F.H.-R.); (S.A.B.-S.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Sergio A. Benavides-Suárez
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (T.S.R.-R.); (C.A.N.-A.); (D.F.H.-R.); (S.A.B.-S.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Alexia Esquinca-González
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (T.S.R.-R.); (C.A.N.-A.); (D.F.H.-R.); (S.A.B.-S.); (A.E.-G.)
| | - Ana Lilia Torres-Machorro
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.R.-A.); (I.B.-R.); (G.G.-C.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología and Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.L.T.-M.); (C.M.-M.); Tel.: +52-555-487-1700 (ext.5257) (A.L.T.-M. & C.M.-M.)
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.R.-A.); (I.B.-R.); (G.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.T.-M.); (C.M.-M.); Tel.: +52-555-487-1700 (ext.5257) (A.L.T.-M. & C.M.-M.)
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11
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Sgalla G, Kulkarni T, Antin-Ozerkis D, Thannickal VJ, Richeldi L. Update in Pulmonary Fibrosis 2018. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:292-300. [PMID: 31022351 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0542up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sgalla
- 1Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Danielle Antin-Ozerkis
- 3Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Luca Richeldi
- 1Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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12
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Selman M, Pardo A. The leading role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 66:109482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Zhu Q, Zhang W, Mu D, Zhou H, Wu S, Zou H. Effects of genistein on lipopolysaccharide-induced injury of mouse alveolar epithelial cells and its mechanism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:544-551. [PMID: 31791192 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1697197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells have critical functions in acute respiratory distress syndrome progress. Genistein could protect the lungs from acute lung injury, however, whether genistein protects the alveolar epithelial cells from LPS-induced injury was less studied. Spectrophotometric method 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect cell viability and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Flow cytometry and western blot assay were performed to detect cells apoptosis and protein levels. In LPS-induced model of mouse lung epithelial (MLE)-12 cells, PBEF (proinflammatory cytokine) expression, and cell apoptosis were increased and cell viability was decreased, whereas NF-κB was activated and expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased. However, genistein partly reversed the effect of LPS, and it plays a protective role in lung injury by reducing expression of PBEF, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and alleviating inflammatory response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Deguang Mu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shengchang Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Identification of MMP28 as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203779. [PMID: 30208119 PMCID: PMC6135486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of unknown etiology. The diagnosis is based on the identification of a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia either by high resolution computed tomography and/or histology. However, a similar pattern can be observed in other fibrotic lung disorders, and precise diagnosis remains challenging. Studies on biomarkers contributing to the differential diagnosis are scanty, and still in an exploratory phase. Our aim was to evaluate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28, which has been implicated in abnormal wound healing, as a biomarker for distinguishing IPF from fibrotic non-IPF patients. Methods The cell localization of MMP28 in lungs was examined by immunohistochemistry and its serum concentration was measured by ELISA in two different populations. The derivation cohort included 82 IPF and 69 fibrotic non-IPF patients. The validation cohort involved 42 IPF and 41 fibrotic non-IPF patients. Results MMP28 was detected mainly in IPF lungs and localized in epithelial cells. In both cohorts, serum concentrations of MMP28 were significantly higher in IPF versus non-IPF (mostly with lung fibrosis associated to autoimmune diseases and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis) and healthy controls (ANOVA, p<0.0001). The AUC of the derivation cohort was 0.718 (95%CI, 0.635–0.800). With a cutoff point of 4.5 ng/mL, OR was 5.32 (95%CI, 2.55–11.46), and sensitivity and specificity of 70.9% and 69% respectively. The AUC of the validation cohort was 0.690 (95%CI, 0.581–0.798), OR 4.57 (95%CI, 1.76–12.04), and sensitivity and specificity of 69.6% and 66.7%. Interestingly, we found that IPF patients with definite UIP pattern on HRCT showed higher serum concentrations of MMP28 than non-IPF patients with the same pattern (7.8±4.4 versus 4.9±4.4; p = 0.04). By contrast, no differences were observed when IPF with possible UIP-pattern were compared (4.7±3.2 versus 3.9±3.0; p = 0.43). Conclusion These findings indicate that MMP28 might be a useful biomarker to improve the diagnostic certainty of IPF.
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15
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Atamas SP. MMP28 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Beyond the Extracellular Matrix. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:5-6. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0038ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P. Atamas
- University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, Marylandand
- Baltimore VA Medical CenterBaltimore, Maryland
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16
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Vukmirovic M, Kaminski N. Impact of Transcriptomics on Our Understanding of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:87. [PMID: 29670881 PMCID: PMC5894436 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal fibrotic lung disease characterized by aberrant remodeling of the lung parenchyma with extensive changes to the phenotypes of all lung resident cells. The introduction of transcriptomics, genome scale profiling of thousands of RNA transcripts, caused a significant inversion in IPF research. Instead of generating hypotheses based on animal models of disease, or biological plausibility, with limited validation in humans, investigators were able to generate hypotheses based on unbiased molecular analysis of human samples and then use animal models of disease to test their hypotheses. In this review, we describe the insights made from transcriptomic analysis of human IPF samples. We describe how transcriptomic studies led to identification of novel genes and pathways involved in the human IPF lung such as: matrix metalloproteinases, WNT pathway, epithelial genes, role of microRNAs among others, as well as conceptual insights such as the involvement of developmental pathways and deep shifts in epithelial and fibroblast phenotypes. The impact of lung and transcriptomic studies on disease classification, endotype discovery, and reproducible biomarkers is also described in detail. Despite these impressive achievements, the impact of transcriptomic studies has been limited because they analyzed bulk tissue and did not address the cellular and spatial heterogeneity of the IPF lung. We discuss new emerging technologies and applications, such as single-cell RNAseq and microenvironment analysis that may address cellular and spatial heterogeneity. We end by making the point that most current tissue collections and resources are not amenable to analysis using the novel technologies. To take advantage of the new opportunities, we need new efforts of sample collections, this time focused on access to all the microenvironments and cells in the IPF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Precision Pulmonary Medicine Center (P2MED), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Precision Pulmonary Medicine Center (P2MED), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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17
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Afratis NA, Selman M, Pardo A, Sagi I. Emerging insights into the role of matrix metalloproteases as therapeutic targets in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:167-179. [PMID: 29428229 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the extensive accumulation and buildup of extracellular matrix components, especially fibrillar collagens, during wound healing in response to tissue injury. During all individual stages of fibrosis ECM proteases, mainly matrix metalloproteinases, have diverse roles. The functional role of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors are differentiated among their family members, and according to the different stages of fibrosis. MMPs levels are elevated in several inflammatory and non-inflammatory fibrotic tissues contributing to the development, progression or resolution of the disease, whereas in other tissues their expression levels can be diminished or be stable to the baseline. The biological roles of MMPs during fibrosis are not fully resolved, but they seem to differ according the specific member of the family, the affected tissue and the stage of the fibrotic response. Remarkably, some members of the family exhibit profibrotic actions while other function as antifibrotic molecules. Diverse animal models indicate that MMPs are contributing in processes related to immunity, tissue repair and ECM turnover, providing significant impact on mechanisms related to fibrosis. For that purpose, these proteases are considered as pharmacological targets and new biological drugs have been developed in order to treat fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX 14080, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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