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Tobita K, Iwasa S. Levilactobacillus brevis IBARAKI-TS3 Isolated From Pickles Promotes Production of Interleukin-10 via Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Human M2 Macrophages. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4110. [PMID: 39210693 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
M2 macrophages play an important role in food allergy. Several studies have reported that lactic acid bacteria isolated from pickles exert antiallergic effects. We investigated the effects of several strains of lactic acid bacteria on the immune function of M2 macrophages. M2 macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cell line by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 strongly expressed CD163, CD206, and HMOX1 mRNA. Levilactobacillus brevis IBARAKI-TS3 (IBARAKI-TS3) isolated from pickles was identified as a lactic acid bacterium that enhances the expressions of IL-10 and EBI3 mRNA in M2 macrophages. IBARAKI-TS3 induced the expression of genes involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, such as IRAK, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and NF-κB mRNA. IBARAKI-TS3-induced IL-10 production was suppressed by anti-TLR2-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the IBARAKI-TS3-induced increase in IL-10 levels was significantly reduced in TLR2-knockdown M2 macrophages compared to M2 macrophages. These results suggest that IBARAKI-TS3 promotes of IL-10 production via TLR2 in M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tobita
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwasa
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Sampsonas F, Bosgana P, Bravou V, Tzouvelekis A, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Kokkotou E. Interstitial Lung Diseases and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Particularities in Pathogenesis and Expression of Driver Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:934. [PMID: 39062713 PMCID: PMC11276289 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interstitial lung diseases are a varied group of diseases associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. With the emerging and current treatment options, survival rates have vastly improved. Having in mind that the most common type is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and that a significant proportion of these patients will develop lung cancer as the disease progresses, prompt diagnosis and personalized treatment of these patients are fundamental. SCOPE AND METHODS The scope of this review is to identify and characterize molecular and pathogenetic pathways that can interconnect Interstitial Lung Diseases and lung cancer, especially driver mutations in patients with NSCLC, and to highlight new and emerging treatment options in that view. RESULTS Common pathogenetic pathways have been identified in sites of chronic inflammation in patients with interstitial lung diseases and lung cancer. Of note, the expression of driver mutations in EGFR, BRAF, and KRAS G12C in patients with NSCLC with concurrent interstitial lung disease is vastly different compared to those patients with NSCLC without Interstitial Lung Disease. CONCLUSIONS NSCLC in patients with Interstitial Lung Disease is a challenging diagnostic and clinical entity, and a personalized medicine approach is fundamental to improving survival and quality of life. Newer anti-fibrotic medications have improved survival in IPF/ILD patients; thus, the incidence of lung cancer is going to vastly increase in the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pinelopi Bosgana
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Bravou
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | | | - Eleni Kokkotou
- Oncology Unit, The Third Department of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Ayilam Ramachandran R, Lemoff A, Robertson DM. Extracellular vesicles released by host epithelial cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection function as homing beacons for neutrophils. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:341. [PMID: 38907250 PMCID: PMC11191230 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause sight threatening infections in the eye and fatal infections in the cystic fibrosis airway. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by host cells during infection and by the bacteria themselves; however, there are no studies on the composition and functional role of host-derived EVs during PA infection of the eye or lung. Here we investigated the composition and capacity of EVs released by PA infected epithelial cells to modulate innate immune responses in host cells. METHODS Human telomerase immortalized corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) cells and human telomerase immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with a standard invasive test strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1, for 6 h. Host derived EVs were isolated by qEV size exclusion chromatography. EV proteomic profiles during infection were compared using mass spectrometry and functional studies were carried out using hTCEpi cells, HBECs, differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, and primary human neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood. RESULTS EVs released from PA infected corneal epithelial cells increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in naïve corneal epithelial cells and induced neutrophil chemotaxis independent of cytokine production. The EVs released from PA infected bronchial epithelial cells were also chemotactic although they failed to induce cytokine secretion from naïve HBECs. At the proteomic level, EVs derived from PA infected corneal epithelial cells exhibited lower complexity compared to bronchial epithelial cells, with the latter having reduced protein expression compared to the non-infected control. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to comprehensively profile EVs released by corneal and bronchial epithelial cells during Pseudomonas infection. Together, these findings show that EVs released by PA infected corneal and bronchial epithelial cells function as potent mediators of neutrophil migration, contributing to the exuberant neutrophil response that occurs during infection in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- The Departments of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- The Departments of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- The Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, 75390-9057, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Schaunaman N, Cervantes D, Nichols T, Numata M, Ledford JG, Kraft M, Chu HW. Cooperation of immune regulators Tollip and surfactant protein A inhibits influenza A virus infection in mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:193. [PMID: 38702733 PMCID: PMC11068576 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a significant risk factor for respiratory diseases, but the host defense mechanisms against IAV remain to be defined. Immune regulators such as surfactant protein A (SP-A) and Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) have been shown to be involved in IAV infection, but whether SP-A and Tollip cooperate in more effective host defense against IAV infection has not been investigated. METHODS Wild-type (WT), Tollip knockout (KO), SP-A KO, and Tollip/SP-A double KO (dKO) mice were infected with IAV for four days. Lung macrophages were isolated for bulk RNA sequencing. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from WT and dKO mice were pre-treated with SP-A and then infected with IAV for 48 h. RESULTS Viral load was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of dKO mice compared to all other strains of mice. dKO mice had significantly less recruitment of neutrophils into the lung compared to Tollip KO mice. SP-A treatment of PCLS enhanced expression of TNF and reduced viral load in dKO mouse lung tissue. Pathway analysis of bulk RNA sequencing data suggests that macrophages from IAV-infected dKO mice reduced expression of genes involved in neutrophil recruitment, IL-17 signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that both Tollip and SP-A are essential for the lung to exert more effective innate defense against IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolette Schaunaman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Diana Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Taylor Nichols
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | | | - Monica Kraft
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room A639, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
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Mota PC, Soares ML, Ferreira AC, Santos RF, Rufo JC, Vasconcelos D, Carvalho A, Guimarães S, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Cardoso C, Melo N, Alexandre AT, Coelho D, Novais-Bastos H, Morais A. Polymorphisms and haplotypes of TOLLIP and MUC5B are associated with susceptibility and survival in patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00007-2. [PMID: 38309995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease with diverse clinical features that can present a fibrotic phenotype similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in genetically predisposed individuals. While several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with IPF, the genetic factors contributing to fibrotic HP (fHP) remain poorly understood. This study investigated the association of MUC5B and TOLLIP variants with susceptibility, clinical presentation and survival in Portuguese patients with fHP. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was undertaken with 97 fHP patients and 112 controls. Six SNPs residing in the MUC5B and TOLLIP genes and their haplotypes were analyzed. Associations with risk, survival, and clinical, radiographic, and pathological features of fHP were probed through comparisons among patients and controls. RESULTS MUC5B rs35705950 and three neighboring TOLLIP variants (rs3750920, rs111521887, and rs5743894) were associated with increased susceptibility to fHP. Minor allele frequencies were greater among fHP patients than in controls (40.7% vs 12.1%, P<0.0001; 52.6% vs 40.2%, P = 0.011; 22.7% vs 13.4%, P = 0.013; and 23.2% vs 12.9%, P = 0.006, respectively). Haplotypes formed by these variants were also linked to fHP susceptibility. Moreover, carriers of a specific haplotype (G-T-G-C) had a significant decrease in survival (adjusted hazard ratio 6.92, 95% CI 1.73-27.64, P = 0.006). Additional associations were found between TOLLIP rs111521887 and rs5743894 variants and decreased lung function at baseline, and the MUC5B SNP and radiographic features, further highlighting the influence of genetic factors in fHP. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TOLLIP and MUC5B variants and haplotypes may serve as valuable tools for risk assessment and prognosis in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, potentially contributing to its patient stratification, and offer insights into the genetic factors influencing the clinical course of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Mota
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M L Soares
- Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular (LAIMM), Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; LAIMM, Núcleo de Recursos Laboratoriais, Unidade de Gestão de Conhecimento, Departamento de Recursos Comuns, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - A C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular (LAIMM), Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R F Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde - Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Rufo
- Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Health Lab, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Center for Translational Health and Medical Biotechnology Research (T.Bio), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Apoio à Investigação em Medicina Molecular (LAIMM), Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Carvalho
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Radiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Guimarães
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Vasques-Nóvoa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Portugal
| | - C Cardoso
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Melo
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - A T Alexandre
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Coelho
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - H Novais-Bastos
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Morais
- Departamento de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mutsaers SE, Miles T, Prêle CM, Hoyne GF. Emerging role of immune cells as drivers of pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108562. [PMID: 37952904 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other forms of interstitial lung disease, involves a complex interplay of various factors including host genetics, environmental pollutants, infection, aberrant repair and dysregulated immune responses. Highly variable clinical outcomes of some ILDs, in particular IPF, have made it difficult to identify the precise mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and thus the development of a specific cure or treatment to halt and reverse the decline in patient health. With the advent of in-depth molecular diagnostics, it is becoming evident that the pathogenesis of IPF is unlikely to be the same for all patients and therefore will likely require different treatment approaches. Chronic inflammation is a cardinal feature of IPF and is driven by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory cells and activated fibroblasts secrete various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that perpetuate the inflammatory response and contribute to the recruitment and activation of more immune cells and fibroblasts. The balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory immune cell subsets, as well as the interactions between immune cell types and resident cells within the lung microenvironment, ultimately determines the extent of fibrosis and the potential for resolution. This review examines the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in pulmonary fibrosis, with an emphasis on IPF. The role of different immune cell types is discussed as well as novel anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy approaches currently in clinical trial or in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Mutsaers
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - Tylah Miles
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard F Hoyne
- Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; The School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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Zhang B, Xu S, Liu M, Wei Y, Wang Q, Shen W, Lei CQ, Zhu Q. The nucleoprotein of influenza A virus inhibits the innate immune response by inducing mitophagy. Autophagy 2023; 19:1916-1933. [PMID: 36588386 PMCID: PMC10283423 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2162798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a form of autophagy that plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of functional mitochondria in the cell. Viruses have evolved various strategies to manipulate mitophagy to escape host immune responses and promote virus replication. In this study, the nucleoprotein (NP) of H1N1 virus (PR8 strain) was identified as a regulator of mitophagy. We revealed that NP-mediated mitophagy leads to the degradation of the mitochondria-anchored protein MAVS, thereby blocking MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling and promoting virus replication. The NP-mediated mitophagy is dependent on the interaction of NP with MAVS and the cargo receptor TOLLIP. Moreover, Y313 of NP is a key residue for the MAVS-NP interaction and NP-mediated mitophagy. The NPY313F mutation significantly attenuates the virus-induced mitophagy and the virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which the NP of influenza virus induces mitophagy to attenuate innate immunity.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenyl hydrazone; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; COX4/COXIV: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride; EID50: 50% egg infective dose; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HEK: human embryonic kidney; hpi: hours post-infection; IAV: influenza A virus; IFN: interferon; IP: immunoprecipitation; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAVS: mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; MLD50: 50% mouse lethal dose; MOI: multiplicity of infection; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NP: nucleoprotein; PB1: basic polymerase 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RIGI: RNA sensor RIG-I; RIGI-N: RIGI-CARD; SeV: Sendai virus; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TOLLIP: toll interacting protein; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUBA: tubulin alpha; Vec: empty vector; vRNP: viral ribonucleoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Minxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yanli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wentao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Cao-Qi Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Trachalaki A, Sultana N, Wells AU. An update on current and emerging drug treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37183672 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2213436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease, characterized by progressive lung scarring. AREAS COVERED Prior to antifibrotic therapy (pirfenidone and nintedanib), there was no validated pharmaceutical therapy for IPF. Both antifibrotics can slow disease progression, however, IPF remains a detrimental disease with poor prognosis and treated survival rates of less than 7 years from diagnosis. Despite their effect the disease remains non-reversible and progressing whilst their side effect profile is often challenging. Treatment of comorbidities is also crucial. In this review, we discuss the current pharmacological management as well as management of comorbidities and symptoms. We also reviewed clinicaltrials.gov and summarised all the mid to late stage clinical trials (phase II and III) registered in IPF over the last 7 years and discuss the most promising drugs in clinical development. EXPERT OPINION Future for IPF management will need to focus on current unresolved issues. First a primary pathogenetic pathway has not been clearly identified. Future management may involve a combination of brushstroke approach with antifibrotics with targeted treatments for specific pathways in patient subsets following an 'oncological' approach. Another unmet need is management of exacerbations, which are deathly in most cases as well as either treating or preventing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Trachalaki
- The Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Imperial College NHS Hospitals, London UK
| | | | - Athol Umfrey Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
- The Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Diseases, Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- Imperial College NHS Hospitals, London UK
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Wu JG, Yang WK, Huang HZ, Tang K, Zheng GD. MiRNA-6870-3p Regulates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Epicardial Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Genes via Targeting Tollip-Mediated JNK and NF-κB Signaling in Coronary Artery Disease. Int Heart J 2022; 63:915-927. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.22-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Wu
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
| | - Wen-kai Yang
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
| | - Hao-Zong Huang
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
| | - Guang-Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiac and Macrovascular Surgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang
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10
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Mota PC, Soares ML, Vasconcelos CD, Ferreira AC, Lima BA, Manduchi E, Moore JH, Melo N, Novais-Bastos H, Pereira JM, Guimarães S, Moura CS, Marques JA, Morais A. Predictive value of common genetic variants in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis survival. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1341-1353. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chakraborty A, Mastalerz M, Ansari M, Schiller HB, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Emerging Roles of Airway Epithelial Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061050. [PMID: 35326501 PMCID: PMC8947093 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with incompletely understood aetiology and limited treatment options. Traditionally, IPF was believed to be mainly caused by repetitive injuries to the alveolar epithelium. Several recent lines of evidence, however, suggest that IPF equally involves an aberrant airway epithelial response, which contributes significantly to disease development and progression. In this review, based on recent clinical, high-resolution imaging, genetic, and single-cell RNA sequencing data, we summarize alterations in airway structure, function, and cell type composition in IPF. We furthermore give a comprehensive overview on the genetic and mechanistic evidence pointing towards an essential role of airway epithelial cells in IPF pathogenesis and describe potentially implicated aberrant epithelial signalling pathways and regulation mechanisms in this context. The collected evidence argues for the investigation of possible therapeutic avenues targeting these processes, which thus represent important future directions of research.
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12
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Tian Y, Shu R, Lei Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Luo H. Somatostatin attenuates intestinal epithelial barrier injury during acute intestinal ischemia-reperfusion through Tollip/Myeloiddifferentiationfactor 88/Nuclear factor kappa-B signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5005-5020. [PMID: 35164650 PMCID: PMC8973595 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2038450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of ischemia-reperfusion injury, intestinal ischemia and inflammation interweave, leading to tissue damage or necrosis. However, oxygen radicals and inflammatory mediators produced after reperfusion cause tissue damage again, resulting in severe intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of somatostatin on intestinal epithelial barrier function during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and explore its mechanism. By establishing a rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model, pretreating the rats with somatostatin, and then detecting the histopathological changes, intestinal permeability and expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues, the protective effect of somatostatin on the intestinal epithelial barrier was measured in vivo. The mechanism was determined in interferon γ (IFN-γ)-treated Caco-2 cells in vitro. The results showed that somatostatin could ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and protect Caco-2 cells against IFN-γ-induced decreases in tight junction protein expression and increases in monolayer cell permeability. The expression of Tollip was upregulated by somatostatin both in ischemia-reperfusion rats and IFN-γ-treated Caco-2 cells, while the activation of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling was inhibited by somatostatin. Tollip inhibition reversed the protective effect of somatostatin on the intestinal epithelial barrier. In conclusion, somatostatin could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury by inhibiting the activation of TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling through upregulation of Tollip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: Novel Sequelae of the Current Pandemic. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112452. [PMID: 34205928 PMCID: PMC8199255 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As effective vaccines and treatments begin to emerge, it will become increasingly important to identify and proactively manage the long-term respiratory complications of severe disease. The patterns of imaging abnormalities coupled with data from prior coronavirus outbreaks suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia are likely at an increased risk of progression to interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic pulmonary vascular disease. In this paper, we briefly review the definition, classification, and underlying pathophysiology of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We then review the current literature on the proposed mechanisms of lung injury in severe COVID-19 infection, and outline potential viral- and immune-mediated processes implicated in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (PCPF). Finally, we address patient-specific and iatrogenic risk factors that could lead to PCPF and discuss strategies for reducing risk of pulmonary complications/sequelae.
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